Path of Freedom [Vimuttimagga]

The Five Methods 249him. Renunciation is its near cause. Non-hatred is the state of a mindthat is not angry. It is likened to cat-skin. 1 The four immeasurables areits near cause. Modesty is the feeling of shame in a man when he does wrong.It is likened to the loathing one has for excrement and urine. 2 Self-respectis its near cause. Decorum is the fear to do what is wrong. It is like fearingone's superior. Respect for others is its near cause. 3 [448] Calm is theappeasement of mental excitement. It is like taking a cold bath in the heatof summer. Joy is its near cause. The wish to do is the wish to do good.It is like a believing giver of alms. The four supernormal powers are itsnear cause. Resolve is the inclination of the mind. It is like water flowingdeep downwards. 4 Initial and sustained application of thought are its nearcause. Equanimity is that state of mind where it does not move back andforth. It is like a man holding a pair of scales. 5 Energy and the others areits near cause. Attention regulates the mind. It is like a helmsman. Bothmerit and demerit are its near cause. Greed is the clinging of the mind. It1. (a) Th. v. 1138 Tatha tu kassami yathapi issaro;yam labbhati tena pi hotu me jalathitarn tarn karissami yatha atanditobifdrabhastam va yatha sumadditarh.(b) M. I, 128-29: Seyyathapi bhikkhave bildrabhastd madditd sumadditd suparimadditdmudukd tulini chinnasassard chinnababbhard atha puriso dgaccheyya kaptham vd kathalamvd dddya, so evarh vadeyya: aharh imam bi/drabhastam madditam sumadditam suparimadditammudukam tulinim chinnasassaram chinnababbharam kaffhena vd kathalena vdsarasaram karissami bharabharam karissamiti. Tarn kith mahnatha- bhikkhave\ aptnu so puriso amum bi[drabhastarh madditam . . . katfhena vd kathalena vd sarasaramkareyya bharabharam kareyydti? No K etarh bhante, tarn kissa hetu: asu hi bhantebildrabhastd madditd sumadditd suparimadditd mudukd tulini chinnasassard chinnababbhardsd na sukard katthena vd kathalena vd sarasaram kdtum bharabharam kdtum,ydvadeva ca pana so puriso kilamathassa vighdtassa bhagi assati. Evam eva kho bhikkhavepahc'ime vacanapatha yehi vo pare vadamdnd vadeyyum: kdlena vd akdlena vd bhutenavd abhutena vd sanhena vd pharusena vd atthasarhhitena vd anatthasarhhitena vd mettacittavd dosantard vd. Kdlena vd bhikkhave pare vadamdnd vadeyyum akdlena vd; bhutena vdabhutena vd, sanhena vd . . . pharusena vd; atthasarhhitena vd anathasamhitena vd; mettacittavd bhikkhave pare vadamdnd vadeyyum dosantard vd. Tatrapi kho bhikkhave evarhsikkhitabbam: Na c'eva no cittam viparinatam bhavissati na ca pdpikam vdcam nicchdressamahitanukampi ca viharissama mettacitta na dosantard, tan ca puggalam mettasahagatenacetesd pharitva viharissama, taddrammanah ca sabbdvantam lokam bijdrabhastdsamenacetasd vipulena mahaggatena appamdnena averena abydpajjhena pharitva viharissamdti.Evam hi vo bhikkhave sikkhitabbam.2. Sn. v. 835: Disvdna Tanharh Aratih ca Rdgariindhosi chando api methunasmirh.Kim ev' idarh muttakarisapunnarh?padd pi narh samphusiturh na icche.3. D. Ill, 212: Atthi kho dvuso tena Bhagavatd jdnatd passatd arahatd Sammd-Sambuddhenadve dhammd sammadakkhdtd. Tattha sabbeh'eva samgdyitabbarh . . . pe . «. atthayahitdya sukhdya deva-manussanam. Katame dve ? Hiri ca ottappan ca. ( = Hiri ca ottappancd ti yam hiriyati hiriyitabbena ottappati ottappitabbend ti evarh vittharitani hiri-ottappdni.Api c* ettha ajjhatta-samutthand hiri. Bahiddha samutthanam ottappam. Attadhipateyydhiri. Lokddhipateyyam ottappam. Lajjd sabhava-santhitd hiri. Bhaya-sabhava-santhitamottappam.— Sv. Ill, 978.).4. A. V, 114: Seyyatha pi bhikkhave upari pabbate thullaphusitake deve vassante devegalagaldyante tarn udakarh yathaninnam pavattamdnam pabbatakandarapadarasdkhdparipureti.5. A. IV, 282: Seyyatha pi Byagghapajja tulddharo vd tulddharantevdsi vd tularh paggahetvajdndti 'ettakena vd onatarh ettakena vd unnatarf ti.