Path of Freedom [Vimuttimagga]

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194 VimuttimaggaOne attains to distinction in the four immeasurables through practising(them) towards animals, immoral persons, moral persons, those who dislikepassion, hearers, Silent Buddhas and Supreme Buddhas regarding them asa mother regards her children according to their stage in life 1 (lit. seasons).Q. Why is the third and not the fourth meditation, jhana, attainedin loving-kindness, compassion and appreciative joy?A. Through constant dwelling on the sorrows (of others) one developsloving-kindness, compassion and appreciative joy. (And so no equanimityis present). Therefore the third meditation, jhana, is attained and not thefourth.Again the plane of equanimity belongs to the fourth meditation, jhana,because it is endowed with two kinds of equanimity, namely, neutral feeling 2and neutrality as regards states. 3 Dwelling in the plane of equanimity andregarding all beings with equal favour, one accomplishes equanimity. Owingto the nature of the planes of the three immeasurables, the third meditation,jhana, and not the fourth, is produced. And again, it is said that the fourmeditations, jhanas, are produced with the four immeasurables. The BlessedOne has declared: "Further, O bhikkhu, you should develop the concentrationwhich is with initial and sustained application of thought; you should developthat which is without initial, and only with, sustained application of thought;you should develop that which is without initial and without sustained applicationof thought; you should develop that which is with joy; (you shoulddevelop that which is without joy); you should develop that which is accompaniedby equanimity. 4Q. Why are these four immeasurables and not five or three taught?A. Were that so, uncertainty might arise concerning all. And again, inorder to overcome hatred, cruelty, dislike and lust, one accomplishes thefour immeasurables. And again, it is said that these four are (overcome with)only loving-kindness. If one arouses (in oneself) hatred, cruelty, unhappiness,one, through suppressing them in the four ways, attains to distinction.Equanimity is the purification of loving-kindness, compassion and appreciativejoy, because through it hatred and lust are destroyed.Further, it should be understood that the four immeasurables are of onenature though their signs are different. Thus owing to the suppression oftribulation, owing to the object v/hich comprises beings, owing to the wishto benefit, they fulfil one characteristic.1. Cp. Sv. Ill, 1008: Appamannd tipamdnam agahetva anavasesa-pharana-vasena appamannd.2. Vedanupekkhd. 3. Dhammassa majjhattatd.4. Lit. without sustained application of thought (vicdra) with only initial application ofthought iyitakka) which is evidently an error.Cp. (a) S. IV, 360: Katamo ca bhikkhave asankhatagdmi maggo. Savitakko savicdrosamddhi avitakko vicdramatto samddhi avitakko avicdro samddhi. Ayam vuccatibhikkhave asankhatagdmi maggo.(6)D. Ill, 219: Tayo samddhi. Savitakko savicdro samddhi, avitakko vicdra-mattosamddhi, avitakko avicdro samddhi (=Samddhisu pathama-jjhana-samddhi savitakka-
Subjects of Meditation 195And again, it is said that owing to the distinction in states, owing to theappropriation of object (?) and advantage, they are different, as the BlessedOne taught in the Haliddavasana Sutta 1 : "In the sphere of the beautiful,loving-kindness is first;* in the sphere of (infinite) space, compassion isfirst;** in the sphere of (infinite) consciousness, appreciative joy is first;tin the sphere of nothingness, equanimity is first".!Q. Why are they to be understood thus? A. They should be understoodthus because of their being the sufficing condition.Q. How? A. If one develops the mind of loving-kindness, all beingsare dear to him. Because they are always dear to him, he causes his mindsavicdro. Pahcaka-nayena dutiya-jjhana-samddhi avitakka-vicdramatto. Sesoavitakko-avicdro—Sv. Ill, 1003).(c) A. IV, 300: Metta me cetovimutti bhavitd bhavissati bahulikatd ydnikatd vatthukatdanutthitd paricitd susamdraddha ti. Evam hi te bhikkhu sikkhitabbam.Yato kho te bhikkhu ayam samddhi evam bhavito hoti bahulikato, tato tvam bhikkhuimam samddhim savitakkampi savicdram bhaveyydsi, avitakkampi vicdramattam bhaveyydsi,avitakkam pi avicdram bhaveyydsi, sappitikam pi bhaveyydsi, nippitikam pi bhaveyydsisdtasahagatam pi bhaveyydsi, upekkhdsahagatam pi bhaveyydsi. Yato kho te bhikkhuayam samddhi evam bhavito hoti subhavito, tato te bhikkhu evam sikkhitabbam:—Karund me cetovimutti.... muditd me cetovimutti.... upekhd me cetovimuttibhavitd.... anutthitd paricitd susamdraddha ti.S. V. 119-21: Katham bhavitd ca bhikkhave mettacetovimutti kimgatikd hoti kimparamdkimphald kimpariyosdnd?Idha bhikkhave bhikkhu mettasahagatam satisambojjhangam bhaveti.... mettasahagatamupekhdsambojjhangam bhaveti viveka 0 virdga" nirodhanissitam vossaggaparinamim.So sace dkankhati appafikkule patikkulasanni vihareyyanti, patikkulasannitattha viharati.Sace dkankhati patikkule appatikkulasanni vihareyyanti, appaHkkulasahni tattha viharati.Sace dkankhati appafikkule ca patikkule ca patikkulasanni vihareyyanti, patikkulasannitattha viharati. Sace dkankhati patikkule ca appatikkiile ca appatikkulasanni vihareyyanti,appatikulasahni tattha viharati. Sace dkankhati appatikkulahca paHkkidanca tad ubhayamabhinivajjetva upekhako vihareyyam sato sampajdno ti, upekhako tattha viharati sato sampajdno.Subham vd kho pana vimokkham upasampajja viharati, subhaparamdham(=* Kasmd pan 9 etdsarh mettadinam subha-paramdditd vutta Bhagavatd ti? Sabhagavasenatassa tassa upanissayatd. Mettavihdrissa hi satta appaUkkuld honti. AtKassaappatikkuld-paricaya appafikkulesu parisuddha-vannesu nilddisu cittan upasamharatoappakasiren'eva tattha cittam pakkhandati. lti metta subha-vimokhassa upanissayo hoti,na tato param. Tasmd subha-paramd ti vutta—Spk. Ill, 172-3), bhikkhave mettacetovimuttimvaddmi. Idha pahnassa bhikkhuno uttarim vimuttim appativijjhato.Katham bhavitd ca bhikkhave karundcetovimutti kimgatikd hoti kimparamd kimphaldkimpariyosdnd ?Idha bhikkhave bhikkhu karundsahagatam satisambojjhangam bhaveti... pe ...,karundsahagatam upekhdsambojjhangam bhaveti... .vossaggaparinamim. So sace dkankhatiappafikkiile patikkulasanni vihareyyanti, patikkulasanni tattha viharati.... Sacedkankhati appatikkulahca patikkulanca tad ubhayam abhinivajjetva upekhako vihareyyamsato sampajdno ti, upekhako tattha viharati sato sampajdno. Sabbaso vdpana rupasanhdnamsamatikkamd patighasanndnam atthagamd ndnattasahhdnam amanasikard ananto dkdsoti dkdsdnahcdyatanam upasampajja viharati, dkdsdnancdyatanaparamdham** bhikkhavekarundcetovimuttim vaddmi. Idha pannassa bhikkhuno uttarim vimuttim appativijjhato.Katham bhavitd ca bhikkhave muditdcetovimutti kimgatikd hoti kimparamd kimphatakimpariyosdnd ?Idha bhikkhave bhikkhu muditdsahagatam satisambojjhangam bhaveti... .muditdsahagatamupekhdsambojjhangam bhaveti... .Sabbaso vd pana dkdsdnancdyatanam samatikkammaanantam vinhdnan ti vihhdnahcdyatanam upasampajja viharati. Vihhdnancdyatanaparamdhatti\bhikkhave muditdcetovimuttim vaddmi. Idha pannassa bhikkhunouttarim vimuttim appativijjhato.Katham bhavitd ca bhikkhave upekhdcetovimutti... kimpariyosdnd?Idha bhikkhave bhikkhu upekhdsahagatam satisambojjhangam bhaveti... Sabbaso vdpana vihndnahcdyatanam samatikkamma natthi kihciti dkihcahhdyatanam upasampajjaviharatu Akincanhdyatanaparamdham% bhikkhave upekhdcetovimuttim vaddmi. Idhapahnassa bhikkhuno uttarim vimuttim appativijjhato ti.
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THE PATH OF FREEDOM(Vimuttimagga)of
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The Sinhalese translation of this w
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PRINTED AT*.THE SAMAN PRESS,MAHARAG
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In Memoriam'These sterling qualitie
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In Memoriamstart of beings enmeshed
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In MemoriamDuring these four months
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In MemoriamAt the invitation of the
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In Memoriamplenty. At these times h
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In Memoriamamong them—most import
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In MemoriamI waited, serving him wi
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Prefatory Note to Original Draft Tr
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PREFACEAs stated elsewhere (In Memo
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Prefaceviliara and the Vimuttimagga
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IntroductionAnd this, too, the Maha
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Introductionthe late Venerable fjan
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Introduction"He cared nothing for k
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Introductionthe account of it in th
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Introductionposition as the central
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Introductionoriginal draft translat
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BibliographyThe Pali Literature of
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CONTENTSFASCICLE I,CHAPTER IINTRODU
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ContentsPAGESeven Reduced to Three
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ContentsPAGESimile of the Calf 107S
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FASCICLE IX,ContentsCHAPTER IXTHE F
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ContentsPAGEFASCICLE XI, CHAPTER XI
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ContentsPAGEThe Four Corruptions 31
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2 V limit timaggais the name of a f
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4 VimuttimaggaTHE MEANING OF TRAINI
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ON DISTINGUISHING VIRTUECHAPTER THE
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8 ViniuttlmaggaFUNCTION, MANIFESTAT
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10 Vwwttimaggavulgarity, contact wi
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12 Virmittimaggaaction, purified ve
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14 VimultimaggaWhat is 'virtue alli
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16 VimuttimaggaA certain man fulfil
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18 VimuttimaggaWhat is "misbehaviou
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20 VimuttimaggaTears even a small f
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22 Vimuttimaggato arise; the sevent
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24 Vimuttimagga(Use of requisites b
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26 VimuttimaggaA man should protect
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28VimuttimaggaBRIEF EXPLANATION OF
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30 Vimuttimagga'BEGGED FOOD'How doe
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32 VimuttimaggaA. When a bhikkhu re
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34 Vimuttimaggathe benefits of 'dwe
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36 VimuttimaggaWhat are (not) 'thre
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38 Vimuttimagga'Which of the three
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40 Vimuttimaggalike the equalized e
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42 VimuttimaggaREQUISITES OF CONCEN
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44 VimuttimaggaBecause of the densi
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46 VimuttimaggaThe separation from
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ON APPROACHING A GOOD FRIENDCHAPTER
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50 Vimuttimagga'Esteemableness' mea
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52 Vimuttimaggaplace, serve, give i
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KINDS OF BEHAVIOURTHE PATH OF FREED
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56 VimuttimaggaQ. Why does a walker
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58VimuttimaggaELEMENTS AS CAUSES OF
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60 Vimuttimaggaways are not pleasin
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62 VimuttimaggaMISCELLANEOUS TEACHI
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64 Vimuttimaggasubjects of meditati
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66 VimuttimaggaAnd again, two subje
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68 Vimuttimagga[412] The four immea
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70 VimuttimaggaThe walker in passio
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72 VimuttimaggaMEANING OF KASINAQ.
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74 Vimuttimaggayield of pleasure; (
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76 VimuttimaggaTHREE WAYS OF SIGN-T
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78 Vimuttimaggaplates appears toget
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JHANA,
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82 Vimuttimaggaactions). Thus one o
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NIBBANa.
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Subjects of Meditation 87Q. What ar
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Subjects of Meditation 89proceeds f
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Subjects of Meditation 91separation
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Subjects of Meditation 93SIMILES OF
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Subjects of Meditation 95A. If the
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Subjects of Meditation 97the first
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[418] THE PATH OF FREEDOMFASCICLE T
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Subjects of Meditation 101ease in j
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Subjects of Meditation 103state tha
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Subjects of Meditation 105tion, jhd
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Subjects of Meditation 107undeluded
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Subjects of Meditation 109jhana. Hi
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Subjects of Meditation 111has arise
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Subjects of Meditation i 13A. There
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Subjects of Meditation i 15carts pa
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Subjects of Meditation 111Q. Among
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Subjects of Meditation • 119nothi
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Subjects of Meditation 121by five c
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Subjects of Meditation 123light of
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Subjects of Meditation 125in the pr
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Subjects of Meditation 127yogin gra
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THE PATH OF FREEDOMFASCICLE THE SIX
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Subjects of Meditation 131(1) "He s
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Subjects of Meditation 133[425] Aft
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Subjects of Meditation 135of though
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Subjects of Meditation 137its near
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Subjects of Meditation 139A. "What
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Subjects of Meditation 141rememberi
Page 207 and 208: Subjects of Meditation 143"Sublime"
Page 209 and 210: Subjects of Meditation 145Through t
Page 211 and 212: Subjects of Meditation 147"Absence
Page 213 and 214: Subjects of Meditation 149THE RECOL
Page 215 and 216: subjects of Meditation 151Hearers o
Page 217 and 218: Subjects of Meditation 153"What is
Page 219 and 220: Subjects of Meditation 155of Tdvati
Page 221 and 222: Subjects of Meditation 157Blessed O
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Page 225 and 226: Subjects of Meditation 161THE THREE
Page 227 and 228: Subjects of Meditation 163(15) "'Di
Page 229 and 230: Subjects of Meditation 165practice
Page 231 and 232: Subjects of Meditation 167of one's
Page 233 and 234: Subjects of Meditation 169reaching
Page 235 and 236: Subjects of Meditation 171A. Mindfu
Page 237 and 238: Subjects of Meditation 173impuritie
Page 239 and 240: Subjects of Meditation 175is called
Page 241 and 242: Subjects of Meditation 177these (at
Page 243 and 244: Subjects of Meditation\l§recollect
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Page 247 and 248: Subjects of Meditation 183will not
Page 249 and 250: Subjects of Meditation 185loving-ki
Page 251 and 252: Subjects of Meditation 187This body
Page 253 and 254: Subjects of Meditation 189The Bodhi
Page 255 and 256: Subjects of Meditation 191is called
Page 257: Subjects of Meditation 193A. As par
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Page 263 and 264: Subjects of Meditation 199Thus when
Page 265 and 266: Subjects of Meditation 201again, ow
Page 267 and 268: Subjects of Meditation 203namely, s
Page 269 and 270: Subjects of Meditation 205Eightfold
Page 271 and 272: Subjects of Meditation 207in unclea
Page 273 and 274: THE PATH OF FREEDOMFASCICLE THE NIN
Page 275 and 276: Subjects of Meditation 211Q. What i
Page 277 and 278: Subjects of Meditation 213orious st
Page 279 and 280: Subjects of Meditation 215"Being ma
Page 281 and 282: Subjects of Meditation 217the teach
Page 283 and 284: Subjects of Meditation 219power cre
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Page 287 and 288: Subjects of Meditation223to remembe
Page 289 and 290: Subjects of Meditation 225investiga
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Page 293 and 294: ON DISTINGUISHING WISDOMCHAPTER THE
Page 295 and 296: Subjects of Meditation 231MEANING O
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Page 301 and 302: THE PATH OF FREEDOMFASCICLE THE TEN
Page 303 and 304: The Five Methods 239impinging on th
Page 305 and 306: The Five Methods 241derived from th
Page 307 and 308: The Five Methods 243Q. What arc the
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The Five Methods 245non-reacting. 1
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The Five Methods 247ugly, perceptio
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The Five Methods 249him. Renunciati
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The Five Methods 251depends on the
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The Five Methods 253THROUGH DISCRIM
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The Five Methods 255THROUGHLIMITSQ.
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The Five Methods 251actions of wash
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The Five Methods 259object. Thus sh
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The Five Methods 261of the mind-sph
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The Five Methods 263A. Three are th
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The Five Methods 265depends on the
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The Five Methods 267MUNDANE AND SUP
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[452] THE PATH OF FREEDOMFASCICLE T
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The Five Methods 271THREE KINDS OF
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The Five Methods 273Exertion is the
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The Five Methods 275Origin is the c
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The Five Methods 277THROUGH ENUMERA
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The Five Methods 279THROUGH ONE KIN
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The Five Methods 281The formations
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ON DISCERNING TRUTHCHAPTER THE TWEL
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The Five Methods 285does not accumu
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The Five Methods 287formations and
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The Five Methods 289Thus discerning
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The Five Methods 291TWO WAYS OF GRA
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The Five Methods 293ACQUIRING THE H
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The Five Methods 295empty before th
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The Five Methods 297yet are not dif
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THE PATH OF FREEDOMFASCICLE THE TWE
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The Five Methods 301to impermanence
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The Five Methods 303consumption of
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The Five Methods 305THREE FETTERSTh
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The Five Methods 307he discerns the
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The Five Methods 309with external s
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The Five Methods 311JOYAt first the
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The Five Methods 313the sign in the
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The Five Methods 315THE FOUR CORRUP
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The Five Methods 317THE SEVEN LATEN
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The Five Methods 319centration, wro
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The Five Methods 321Stream-entrance
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The Five Methods 323and a man who e
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The Five Methods 325"How is it ente
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Abandonment-reviewing 323Abhidhamma
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Index 329Concentration; its manifes
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Index 331Equanimity 45, 63, 64, 144
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Index 333Head, burning (sim.) 21Hea
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Index 335Maturing of the aggregates
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Index 337Peace 8, 14, recollection
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Index 339Sense-organ-object 251-org
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Index 341Unshakable one 17Unskilful
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amsu, 173.Akanittha, 112; 309; °ga
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Pali Index 345upekhaka, 47;90; 105.
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Pali Index 347thullaccaya, 20.thull
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Pali Index 349Byagghapajja, 249.bya
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Pali Index 351Sakka, 189.sakuna, 21
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APPENDIXCONTEMPLATION IN THE DHAMMA
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Vimuttimagga 355Further the Buddha
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Vimuttimagga 357the ripening of his
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Vimuttimagga 359taught in the Noble
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Vimuttimagga 361It should be clear
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APPENDIX(INDEX OF PALI WORDS IN FOO
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Printed for Dr. D. Roland D. Weeras
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