3.7 hazardous materials and hazardous waste - Missile Defense ...
3.7 hazardous materials and hazardous waste - Missile Defense ...
3.7 hazardous materials and hazardous waste - Missile Defense ...
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Chapter 3—Affected Environmentinduction or degradation. Electromagnetic induction occurs when aconductor is moved through a magnetic field or whenever the magneticfield near a conductor is changing. Degradation occurs if undesiredpulses from the system emitting the radiation either reduce the sensitivityof the receiving equipment or in some way impair the process involved indetecting the desired signal (Newhouse, 1984—Radar EMC AnalysisH<strong>and</strong>book).St<strong>and</strong>ards have been approved by the DOD, American National St<strong>and</strong>ardsInstitute (ANSI), <strong>and</strong> the Institute of Electrical <strong>and</strong> Electronic Engineers(IEEE) to help identify these interference <strong>and</strong> radiation hazards. Thesest<strong>and</strong>ards also offer some mitigation techniques, such as maintaining safedistance separations <strong>and</strong> lowering the power levels of transmitters thatgenerate high levels of EMR.Defining the Electromagnetic EnvironmentOperation of a radar will certainly change the electromagneticenvironment. The electromagnetic environment is made up of bothcivilian <strong>and</strong> government communications-electronics equipment. Civilianuse of the electromagnetic spectrum is governed by the FederalCommunications Commission (FCC). Government use of the spectrum iscontrolled by the National Telecommunications <strong>and</strong> InformationAdministration. Radiation hazards consist of human exposure,electroexplosive devices, <strong>and</strong> fuel exposure to EMR.Communications–Electronics Frequency Related InterferenceCommunications–Electronics In-B<strong>and</strong> Radio Frequency Interference. Inb<strong>and</strong>frequency interference addressed in this EIS is for the X-B<strong>and</strong>(8,000 to 12,000 megahertz). The X-B<strong>and</strong> is the b<strong>and</strong> in which theproposed XBR will operate. In-b<strong>and</strong> radio frequency interference occurswhen two pieces of communications-electronics equipment are operatingwithin the same frequency b<strong>and</strong>. Therefore, equipment whosefrequencies fall within the same b<strong>and</strong>s will most likely be affected. Someexamples of in-b<strong>and</strong> communications-electronics equipment includeairborne weather radars, fire control radars, <strong>and</strong> bomb/navigation radars.Several methods such as software controls can be used to reduce radiofrequency interference caused by radars.Communications–Electronics Adjacent B<strong>and</strong> Interference. Adjacent b<strong>and</strong>radio frequency interference is similar to in-b<strong>and</strong> radio frequencyinterference. The adjacent b<strong>and</strong>s include all frequencies that are withinapproximately 5 percent of the operating frequency of the EMR source.The same st<strong>and</strong>ard methods to avoid interference that are used for inb<strong>and</strong>interference can be applied to adjacent b<strong>and</strong> interference.3-226 NMD Deployment Final EIS
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