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Chapter 3—Affected Environment3.15.2.6 Remote Sprint Launch Site 4—Environmental JusticeMost environmental impacts resulting from the No-action Alternative andProposed Action at the Remote Sprint Launch Site 4 are anticipated tooccur in Cavalier, Ramsey, and Walsh counties, which is the ROI for theenvironmental justice analysis. Based upon the 1990 Census ofPopulation and Housing, Cavalier County had a population of 6,064. Ofthat total, 853 persons, or 14.07 percent, were low-income, and 46persons, or 0.76 percent, were minority. Ramsey County had apopulation of 12,681, of which 1,678 persons, or 13.23 percent, werelow-income, and 614 persons, or 4.84 percent, were minority. WalshCounty had a population of 13,840, of which 1,852 persons, or 13.38percent, were low-income, and 516 persons, or 3.73 percent, wereminority.NMD Deployment Final EIS 3-429
Chapter 3—Affected Environment3.16 SUBSISTENCEMany families living in rural areas of Alaska are partially or whollydependent upon the harvesting of natural resources for food and otherliving necessities. In order to ensure the existence of these resources,the ANILCA was passed by Congress in 1980. It provides continuedopportunity for customary and traditional uses of fish and wildliferesources for subsistence purposes. In accordance with ANILCA, theFederal Government manages these subsistence resources on FederalPublic Lands (U.S. Department of the Air Force, 1995—Final EIS, AlaskaMilitary Operations Area).In anticipation of the passage of the ANILCA, the State of Alaska passeda subsistence law in 1978, which the Secretary of the Interiorsubsequently found to be consistent with the ANILCA. However, in1989, the Supreme Court ruled that the rural preference in state statutewas unconstitutional. Thus, all Alaskan residents may harvestsubsistence resources on state lands as well as on some local and privatelands. However, subsistence harvesting on Federal public lands underthe Federal subsistence regulations is only permitted: (1) by residents ofrural communities determined to have customary and traditional use ofthe resource, or (2) where no determination has been made, by all ruralAlaska residents (residents of certain non-rural communities arespecifically excluded) (U.S. Department of the Air Force, 1995—FinalEIS, Alaska Military Operations Area).In these rural communities, the harvesting of subsistence resources canbe the primary means of support for a family unit. While food is theprimary use of subsistence resources, there are many other uses forsubsistence products such as clothing, food for work animals, fuel, homecrafts, customary trade, ceremonial tools, as well as arts and crafts(Alaska Department of Fish and Game, 1999—Subsistence: FrequentlyAsked Questions). In addition to the material importance of subsistencehunting, it also plays a strong role in the social and cultural traditions ofmany native Alaskan communities (U.S. Department of the Air Force,1995—Final EIS, Alaska Military Operations Area).The importance of subsistence harvesting varies among individuals andcommunities depending on the local culture and customs. In order toevaluate the effects of the Proposed Action, the significant subsistenceuse areas must first be identified, after which the impacts on thoseresources can be identified.Subsistence AreasThe native Athapaskans well into the 1900's historically used the areasthat are currently within the central part of Alaska near Clear AFS, EielsonAFB, Yukon Training Area, and Fort Greely for subsistence. These areas3-430 NMD Deployment Final EIS
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