The Practice Which leads to Nibbana - A Buddhist Library

w 166Please note that if the meditator is as yet unable to see rèpakalŒpas or individual nŒmas, to analyse them, to discern the causesand results in the past, present, and future, to apply the threecharacteristics to all these dhammas, then his concentration cannotbe called insight momentary concentration (vipassanŒ khaöikasamŒdhi).To summarize, when developing concentration, the suddhavipassanŒ yŒnika individual's highest concentration reached by fourelements meditation is called upacŒra concentration by comparisonto the upacŒra concentration preceding jhŒna. This highest concentrationis also called khaöika samadhi by the sub-commentary. Whena suddha vipassanŒ yŒnika individual practising vipassanŒ bases hisinsight on upacŒra concentration, which for him is purification ofmind (citta visuddhi), and then proceeds to see with insight conditionedphenomena, he has at that time concentration called vipassanŒkhaöika samŒdhi. When the samatha yanika individual who developsfirstly upacŒra or appanŒ jhŒna samŒdhi as his purification ofmind then arises from that concentration and sees with insight conditionedphenomena he has at that time concentration calledvipassanŒ khaöika samŒdhi.All Three CharacteristicsThe Visuddhimagga says:One man comprehends formations as impermanent at the start.But emergence does not come about through mere comprehendingas impermanent since there must be comprehension of them as painfuland not-self too, so he comprehends them as painful and not-self.(vsm.XXI, 88)This shows that just by contemplating anicca only, or dukkhaonly, or anatta only one cannot attain the ariyamaggas, but only bycontemplating each of the three characteristics alternately will ameditator be able to reach the ariyamaggas.