The Practice Which leads to Nibbana - A Buddhist Library

w 163Which means:As he makes effort in this way it is not long before concentrationarises in him, which is reinforced by understanding that illuminatesthe classification of the elements, and which is only access(upacŒra) and does not reach absorption because it has states whichare ultimate realities (paramattha or sabhŒva dhammas) as its object.(vsm. XI, 42)Attention should be paid to the fact that the Visudhimagga clearlystates that meditation on the four elements can reach up to upacŒraconcentration.The sub-commentary to Visuddhimagga states:SamathayŒnikassahi upacŒrappanŒ bheda× samŒdhi×itarassa khaöikasamŒdhi× ubhayesmi× vimokkhamukhattaya×vinŒ na kadŒcipi lokuttarŒdhigamo sa×bhavati.(vsm.sub-com.1.p.15)Which means:Without the access and absorption concentration in one whosevehicle is serenity, or without the momentary (khaöika) concentrationin one whose vehicle is pure insight and without the gatewaysto liberation (knowledge of impermanence, pain, and not-self) thesupramundane can never be reached.So here the sub-commentary uses the term khaöika samŒdhi (momentaryconcentration) to describe the concentration developed bythe suddha vipassanŒ yŒnika individual, and the visuddhimagga usesthe term upacŒra concentration. This distinction in usage should beunderstood.Concerning this usage the sub-commentary explains:UpacŒrasamŒdhiti ca ruÂhi vasena veditabbam. AppanŒmhiupecca cŒri samŒdhi upacŒrasamŒdhi appanŒcettha natthi. TŒdisassa