Volume 2. Issue 1. ISSN 1555-9475 (online) www ... - CIMAP Staff

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NPCNatural Product CommunicationsEDITOR-IN-CHIEFDR. PAWAN K AGRAWALNatural Product Inc.7963, Anderson Park Lane,Westerville, Ohio, 43081 USAagrawal@naturalproduct.usEDITORSPROFESSOR GERALD BLUNDENThe School of Pharmacy & Biomedical Sciences,University of Portsmouth,Portsmouth, PO1 2DT U.K.axuf64@dsl.pipex.comPROFESSOR ALESSANDRA BRACADipartimento di Chimica Bioorganicae Biofarmacia,Universita di Pisa,via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, ItalyEmail: braca@farm.unipi.itPROFESSOR DEAN GUOState Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences,Peking University,Beijing 100083, Chinagda5958@163.comPROFESSOR ERNST HASLINGERInstitute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry,University of Graz,A-8010 Graz, AustriaErnst.Haslinger@uni-graz.atPROFESSOR J. ALBERTO MARCODepartamento de Quimica Organica,Universidade de Valencia,E-46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spainalberto.marco@uv.esPROFESSOR YOSHIHIRO MIMAKISchool of Pharmacy,Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences,Horinouchi 1432-1, Hachioji, Tokyo 192-0392, Japanmimakiy@ps.toyaku.ac.jpPROFESSOR STEPHEN G. PYNEDepartment of ChemistryUniversity of WollongongWollongong, New South Wales, 2522, Australiaspyne@uow.edu.auPROFESSOR M. G. REINECKEDepartment of Chemistry,Texas Christian University,Forts Worth, TX 76129, USAm.reinecke@tcu.eduPROFESSOR YASUHIRO TEZUKAInstitute of Natural MedicineToyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University,2630-Sugitani, Toyama 930-0194, Japontezuka@ms.toyama-mpu.ac.jpADVISORY BOARDProf. Oyvind AndersenBergen, NorwayProf. Yoshinori AsakawaTokushima, JapanProf. Bruno BottaRoma, ItalyProf. Carlos Cerda-Garcia-RojasMexico city, MexicoProf. Ioanna ChinouAthens, GreeceProf. Josep CollBarcelona, SpainProf. Geoffrey CordellChicago, IL, USAProf. Samuel DanishefskyNew York, NY, USADr. Biswanath DasHyderabad, IndiaProf. A.A. Leslie GunatilakaTucson, AZ, USAProf. Stephen HanessianMontreal, CanadaProf. Michael HeinrichLondon, UKProf. Kurt HostettmannLausanne, SwitzerlandProf. Martin A. Iglesias ArteagaMexico, D. F, MexicoProf. Jerzy JaroszewskiCopenhagen, DenmarkProf. Teodoro KaufmanRosario, ArgentinaProf. Norbert De KimpeGent, BelgiumProf. Hartmut LaatschGottingen, GermanyProf. Marie Lacaille-DuboisDijon, FranceProf. Shoei-Sheng LeeTaipei, TaiwanProf. Chun-Nan LinKaohsiung, chinaProf. Francisco MaciasCadiz, SpainProf. Anita MarsaioliCampinas, BrazilProf. Rachel MataMexico D. F., MexicoProf. Imre MatheSzeged, HungaryProf. Joseph MichaelJohannesburg, South AfricaProf. Ermino MuranoTrieste, ItalyProf. Virinder ParmarDelhi, IndiaProf. Luc PietersAntwerp, BelgiumProf. Om PrakashManhattan, KS, USAProf. Peter ProkschDüsseldorf, GermanyProf. William ReynoldsToronto, CanadaProf. Raffaele RiccioSalerno, ItalyProf. Ricardo RigueraSantiago de Compostela, SpainProf. Satyajit SarkerColeraine, UKProf. William N. SetzerHuntsville, AL, USAProf. Monique SimmondsRichmond, UKProf. Valentin StonikVladivostok, RussiaProf. Hermann StuppnerInnsbruck, AustriaProf. Apichart SuksamrarnBangkock, ThailandProf. Hiromitsu TakayamaChiba, JapanProf. Peter G. WatermanLismore, AustraliaProf. Paul WenderStanford, USAINFORMATION FOR AUTHORSFull details of how to submit a manuscript for publication in Natural Product Communications are given in Information for Authors on our Web sitehttp://www.naturalproduct.us.Authors may reproduce/republish portions of their published contribution without seeking permission from NPC, provided that any such republication isaccompanied by an acknowledgment (original citation)-Reproduced by permission of Natural Product Communications. Any unauthorized reproduction,transmission or storage may result in either civil or criminal liability.The publication of each of the articles contained herein is protected by copyright. Except as allowed under national “fair use” laws, copying is not permitted byany means or for any purpose, such as for distribution to any third party (whether by sale, loan, gift, or otherwise); as agent (express or implied) of any thirdparty; for purposes of advertising or promotion; or to create collective or derivative works. Such permission requests, or other inquiries, should be addressedto the Natural Product Inc. (NPI). A photocopy license is available from the NPI for institutional subscribers that need to make multiple copies of singlearticles for internal study or research purposes.To Subscribe: Natural Product Communications is a journal published monthly. 2007 subscription price: US$1,395 (Print, ISSN# 1934-578X); US$1,095(Web edition, ISSN# 1555-9475); US$1,795 (Print + single site online). Orders should be addressed to Subscription Department, Natural ProductCommunications, Natural Product Inc., 7963 Anderson Park Lane, Westerville, Ohio 43081, USA. Subscriptions are renewed on an annual basis. Claims fornonreceipt of issues will be honored if made within three months of publication of the issue. All issues are dispatched by airmail throughout the world,excluding the USA and Canada.
NPCNatural Product CommunicationsAFLP-based Detection of Adulterants in Crude DrugPreparations of the ‘Safed Musli’ Complex2007Vol. 2No. 193 - 97Amita Misra 1 , Ajit K Shasany 1 , Ashutosh K. Shukla 1 , V Sundaresan 1 , Seetal P Jain 2 ,Guru D. Bagchi 2 , Janardan Singh 2 and Suman P.S. Khanuja* 11 Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Division, and 2 Botany Division,Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow 226015, Indiakhanujazy@yahoo.comReceived: May 27 th , 2006; Accepted: July 12 th , 2006Safed Musli is an important aphrodisiac herb, which forms an essential ingredient of the preparation of more than one hundredAyurvedic formulations. It has been found to be an ideal aphrodisiac, with none of the negative side effects associated with thechemical-based products. Various plants belonging to the genera Chlorophytum and Asparagus have been in use asaphrodisiacs under the common name of ‘Safed Musli’ because of their white tuberous roots. An AFLP based experiment wascarried out to differentiate the members of the ‘Safed Musli’ complex and resolve the authentication problem prevailing in theherbal drug market.Keywords: Drug adulteration, aphrodisiac, DNA fingerprinting.‘Safed Musli’ (Liliaceae) is a traditional medicinalplant found in the natural forests of India from theeastern state of Assam to the western state of Gujarat.In spite of the medicinal value of the product and anincrease in demand for it, the true identity of the drugis the subject of considerable controversy. Entirelydifferent plant species are referred to as ‘SafedMusli’ in classical and contemporary texts of theAyurvedic system of medicine and marketed indifferent part of the country. The various plantspecies referred to in classical texts are Asparagusadscendens, Chlorophytum arundinaceum andC. tuberosum. However, in recent times anotherChlorophytum species, C. borivilianum has becomethe most acceptable source of ‘Safed Musli’ in thetrade. It is considered as a “wonder drug” in theIndian system of medicine due to its aphrodisiac andnatural sex tonic properties, which are responsible forit being referred to as ‘Herbal Viagra’. Because of itshigh therapeutic importance, ‘Safed Musli’ tubers arethe major constituents of more than 100 Ayurvedicpreparations [1].More than 175 species of Chlorophytum have beenreported worldwide. In other parts of the world,Chlorophytum is usually grown as an ornamentalplant, but in India it has a reputation as a medicinalplant. A total of 13 species of Chlorophytum havebeen reported from India [2]. All these species aredifferent in their medicinal properties, but due to alack of correct information, all species are knownas ‘Safed Musli’ in the Indian drug market. The‘Safed Musli’ complex is generally supposed toconsist of Chlorophytum borivilianum, C.arundinaceum, C. tuberosum and Asparagusadscendens. C. borivilianum is believed to haveoriginated in South Africa and been introducedaccidentally into India; it propagates through itsfleshy roots. Although Indian forests are rich in‘Safed Musli’, its demand is increasing rapidly in theIndian and international drug markets. Foreigndemand has been estimated as 300-700 tonesannually [3]. In India, where ‘Safed Musli’ ispopularly used for medication, its demand is over35,000 tons per annum, but the supply is only about5,000 tons a year. Dried roots of Chlorophytumcontain 42% carbohydrate, 8–9% protein, 3–4% fiberand 2–17% saponin [3].A lot of confusion prevails in the herbal drug marketregarding the identification of true ‘Safed Musli’ andrampant adulteration of the drug with inferior plant
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