coming from the GPS satellites. The more thenumber of satellites the GPS receivers signalsfrom, the better the accuracy. It has beenproved that if a GPS receiver can processdata from a minimum of three satellites, itcan present a better accuracy. Upon aligning<strong>and</strong> synchronizing with the satellites, the GPSreceiver receives the location in<strong>for</strong>mation ofthe object (namely, itself). GPS provides thefollowing in<strong>for</strong>mation about an object thathas a GPS receiver. These are the latitude, thelongitude, the altitude, the speed at which theobject is moving, the direction of movement,the date <strong>and</strong> time of reading.3.4 Geographic In<strong>for</strong>mation System (GIS)ConceptA Geographic In<strong>for</strong>mation System or GISmay be defined as “...a computer-basedIn<strong>for</strong>mation <strong>system</strong> which attempts to capture,store, manipulate, analyze <strong>and</strong> displayspatially referenced <strong>and</strong> associated tabularattribute data, <strong>for</strong> solving complex research,planning <strong>and</strong> management problems”(Fischer<strong>and</strong> Nijkamp, 1992).GIS is a special case of in<strong>for</strong>mation <strong>system</strong>swhere the database consists of observationson spatially distributed features, activities orevents, which are definable in space as points,lines, or areas. Basically this definition entailsthe visual display of data on a map. (Clarke2001).GIS is a <strong>system</strong> whereby spatial data isstored, retrieved, manipulated <strong>and</strong> viewed.De Mers (1997) <strong>and</strong> the ESRI website (2004)summarize the processes involved as follows:• A data input <strong>system</strong> in which spatialdata from various origins are stored <strong>and</strong>processed.• A data storage <strong>and</strong> retrieval sub<strong>system</strong>that arranges spatial data in such a waythat it may be retrieved, updated <strong>and</strong>edited.• A data manipulation <strong>and</strong> analysissub<strong>system</strong> that interacts with the data<strong>and</strong> per<strong>for</strong>ms modeling functions.• A reporting sub<strong>system</strong> that displays thein<strong>for</strong>mation in the database in tabulargraphic, or map <strong>for</strong>m.3.5 Integration of GPS <strong>and</strong> GIS in NoiseExposure MappingMonitoring the effects of noise is onlypossible with an extensive spatial database<strong>and</strong> spatial analysing tools. Furthermorecomputation <strong>for</strong>ce is necessary. GIS <strong>for</strong>msa powerful set of tools <strong>for</strong> storing <strong>and</strong>retrieving, trans<strong>for</strong>ming <strong>and</strong> displaying spatialdata from the real world <strong>for</strong> a particular set ofpurposes. (Burrough, 1986).GIS contains a database management <strong>system</strong>designed <strong>for</strong> spatial data <strong>and</strong> is there<strong>for</strong>e avery good <strong>system</strong> <strong>for</strong> managing geographicdata. GIS offers the same possibilities as otherdatabase management <strong>system</strong>s (DBMS) like:• The possibility to manage the data(setting authorisation, integrating data,version managing, verifying data,controlling <strong>and</strong> supervising accuracy <strong>and</strong>quality).• Ensuring the integrity <strong>and</strong> consistencybetween data.• Rapid access to the data• The availability of the data stored in theDBMS to many users <strong>and</strong> different kindsof applications.Furthermore GIS offers tools <strong>and</strong> datastructures to deal with the spatial componentof the data. (Bernhardsen, 1999).4. METHODOLOGY4.1 Location of Study AreaBelow is the location sites <strong>for</strong> the 10selected shopping complexes within WilayahPersekutuan Kuala Lumpur, WilayahPersekutuan Putrajaya <strong>and</strong> Selangor.1) JUSCO Taman Equine, SeriKembangan, Selangor.2) GIANT B<strong>and</strong>ar Puteri, Puchong,Selangor.3) TESCO Puchong, Puchong, Selangor.4) Bangsar Village Shopping Complex,Bangsar, Kuala Lumpur.5) Maju Junction Mall, Jalan TAR, KualaLumpur.6) Pertama Complex, Jalan TAR, KualaLumpur.7) SOGO Shopping Centre, Jalan TAR,Kuala Lumpur.8) TESCO Mutiara Damansara, PetalingJaya, Selangor.9) Alam<strong>and</strong>a Putrajaya, Putrajaya.10) Carrefour Seri Petaling, B<strong>and</strong>ar BaruSeri Petaling, Kuala Lumpur.4.2 Equipment UsedFor this research study purposes on NoiseExposure Level Mapping, the equipmentsused as below:• Digital Sound Level Meter.• RUSSA Pocket PC <strong>and</strong> GPS Receiver.4.3 Methodology WorkflowImplementation of the Noise ExposureMapping In<strong>for</strong>mation System (NEMIS)application will be divided into 4 majorphases. Phase I will involve data collection,editing, processing <strong>and</strong> data integration.Phase II will include the databasecreation. Phase III involved in applicationdevelopments <strong>and</strong> Phase IV <strong>for</strong> generatesthe outputs in <strong>for</strong>m of graphs <strong>and</strong> dynamicmaps. Each phases were represent in differentcolours as figure below.Figure 1: Study Area8 Buletin Geospatial Sektor Awam
Figure 2: Digital Sound Level Meter <strong>and</strong> SpecificationsFigure 3: RUSSA Pocket PC <strong>and</strong> GPS ReceiverData Col lection• Sound Lev el data• GPS d ataAnc illa ry datasets• Admin istrative BoundaryData Pro cessing• Microsof t Excel• Arcvie w GISPro cessedDataSpatial Inte grationQuickTime <strong>and</strong> adecompressor• data verification / upd ateare needed to see this picture.Phas e IPhas eIIIApplications• nois e Exposure MappingSpatialdat a basePhas eIIPhas e IVOu tputs+Prese ntation o f Nois e Exposure GraphPrese ntation o f Shop pingComp lexes Loc ationFigure 4: Methodology WorkflowBuletin Geospatial Sektor Awam 9
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