centralised system for road accident, safety and hazard studies (crash)

GIS Application for CrimeMapping and Monitoring1Zahriah Othman, 1Safiza Suhana Kamal BaharinAbstractGIS is an effective crime-analysis tool for crime mapping because GIS is provenas a powerful tool in many disciplines related to geographical area. This projectdeals with the development of GIS and computer based system for police departmentto manage the community in better manner. This system will contribute in givingbeneficial for the police department to planning, analyzing and use it for crimemonitoring. Besides, it helps in managing spatial data and attribute data to bemore effective and systemic by providing spatial analysis, data query and searchcapabilities. The interfaces are more user-friendly to guide the user to understand,visualize, build query and statistical report using spatial and non-spatial data easily.INTRODUCTIONIn crime analysis, law enforcementofficials have to take a look at a largeamount of criminal data then figure outtheir relationships themselves. The adventof desktop computers and easy-to-use GISapplications have allowed crime mappingand analysis [3] to flourish within lawenforcement agencies.In order to encourage a police departmentto efficiently safeguard a community, itis essential that officer is provided withaccurate, organized information in a timelymanner. A GIS can provide a number ofspecialized tools to help dispatchers collectand relay this information to the officerson the scene. This application is speciallydesigned for IPK (Ibu Pejabat PolisKontijen) staffs in crime investigationdepartment to manage their task effectivelythus switch from traditional method tofully decisions support application.OBJECTIVESThe main objective of this project is todevelop the GIS application for policedepartment. It is involves integration ofspatial information and attribute data withgraphical user interface in one system.This is important to make sure the usercan grasp spatial information visually byattribute data.The second objective is to assist the policedepartment officers to analyze crimepattern and to manage spatial and attributedata systematically and easily comparedto the traditional method that is very muchrelying on statistical information and paperfiling system.PROBLEM STATEMENTAs known, advance in computer andinformation technology play major rolesin many disciplines of modern businessenvironment. However, integrating GISinto crime analysis still need specialattention. Graphical User Interface(GUI) is a main factor to consider whiledeveloping the GIS application. This isbecause the use of GIS application inassisting the crime mapping and crimemonitoring could be optimized throughthe system interface which could visualizethe result of crime analysis. Besides,a good user interface design can spellthe difference between acceptance of asoftware product and its failure in themarket. If the end-users find the softwareto be too cumbersome or difficult tounderstand, then an otherwise excellentproduct could be doomed to failure.The goal is to make the software asprofessional looking and easy to use aspossible.Many technological innovations rely uponUser Interface Design to evaluate theirtechnical complexity to a usable product.Technology alone may not win useracceptance and subsequent marketability.The user experience, or how the userexperiences the end product, is the key toacceptance. Besides that, existing systemhas no standard of information that storedinto a database because of no relationshipcreated in database system. As a result,the searching process could not be doneeffectively. Thus, the development ofthis project considers effective GUI withGIS visualization and data manipulationcapabilities.METHODOLOGYThe structured system analysis approachchosen as a methodology for developingthis GIS application. In this exertion,the proposed system will play a role as atool to assist in crime analysis and crimemapping for PDRM. This system is basedon a method used by US Department ofJustice [1] and WEBCAT framework[4]. WEBCAT [2] was developed togive a hand in facilitating crime incidentinformation sharing via online system. Themethod are as follows:1. Prepare the geographic and tabularfiles for geo-coding.2. Specify the geo-coding parameters.3. Machine-learning and text analysis.4. Geo-code.5. Review results.6. If necessary, re-specify parametersand geo-code again.The purpose of using geo-coding is toassign tabular data to a location on theearth’s surface to visualize the spatialcharacteristics of the data. It is analogousto placing a pin on a map in appropriatelocation. Unlike paper map, when geocodingin a geographic informationsystem, data associated with the pin, ordata point, are available. In order to geocodeeither electronically or manually,there must be a common geographic unitof analysis. In law enforcement, addressis primarily used as the geographic unit ofanalysis to which tabular data are geocoded.However, other types of geographicunits are also used such as parcels andpostcodes. In the case of geo-coding,geographic data used for geo-codingare called “reference data” since thegeographic data are used to reference thetabular data.SYSTEM MODELINGThe engine of the system is designedconsidering all possible inputs, outputs,table structure and database structure.Input Forms, Output Reports, Menu Screenand dialogues are parts of GUI design.Figure 1 shows the conceptual systemarchitecture for this system.Buletin Geospatial Sektor Awam 3