an investigation of domestic laundry in europe - habits ... - SIFO

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92An investigation into the domestic laundry habits in Europeorganisms on the laundry samples showed that the diaper samples in the Norwegianand Dutch tests were contaminated with Bacillus cereus, a pathogenicmicro-organism known to cause food poisoning or food borne infection. Bacilluscereus was found in all other laundry items after washing. Again theseresults indicate that washing does not remove micro-organisms, but is rather aprocess of spreading them around. Bacillus cereus survived not only the 40°Cprogramme, but also washing at 60°C. It is to be expected that these bacteriawould also survive at lower temperatures.4.4.3 Cross-contaminationCross-contamination of the sterile samples in each country is depicted ingraph 4.16. In general, the cross-contamination of the sterile samples in the60°C programmes tends to be lower than in the 40°C programme. However,the situation in Spain is completely different from the other countries. Thecontamination level in Spain is relatively low.TPC Entero Bacilli St.aureus yeast fungilog CFU/4,7cm2 sample987654321040° C 60° C 40° C 60° C 15° C 40° C 40° C 60° CGreece Greece Norw ay Norw ay Spain Spain The TheNetherlands NetherlandsFigure 4-16 Cross-contamination of the sterile samplesWhen the contamination level of the 15°C programme is compared to thesame programme in the Wascator, some interesting results appear. The contaminationlevels differ more than expected. This is also the case on all other
Hygiene effects of laundry processes in Europe 93laundry samples (see graph 4.17). A systematically higher colony count ofabout 2 log units was found with the Wascator. The difference is even greaterfor the dishcloth.Handkerchief Diaper Sock Dishcloth Sterile samplelog CFU/4,7cm2 sample9876543210household washing machinew ascatorFigure 4-17 Total Plate count of the 15°C in SpainTo verify the results of the Spanish test, the 15°C and 40°C tests were repeated.The test confirmed the earlier results but brought another aspect tolight. The Spanish detergent generated a lot of foam during the washing process.The Miele Novotronic W362 household washing machine automaticallyadds an extra rinse if extensive foam is detected. It is also known that the waterconsumption of the Wascator is less than in a normal household washingmachine. Water consumption could not only be an explanation for the differencesbetween the household washing machine and the Wascator, but couldalso explain the differences in the Spanish results from the other Europeancountries. Extra rinses occurred only during the Spanish test. To test this hypothesis,another test was performed. A normal 40°C cotton programme witha compact detergent was compared to the same programme with an extrarinse. Graph 4.18 depicts the most interesting findings. The results show thatan extra rinse improves the hygienic quality by more than 1 log unit. Althoughthe differences between the Spanish results and the results in other Europeancountries are greater than 1 log unit, it could very well be one of the possibleexplanations for the deviating results. At this time other explanations were notfound.
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Assessment of the consumer laundry
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Page 106 and 107: 104An investigation into the domest
Page 119 and 120: Appendix ASurvey of domestic laundr
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Page 123 and 124: Appendix A 1211.Working, in private
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Page 127 and 128: Appendix B 125NorwayA) Omo Ultra Ta
Page 129 and 130: Appendix CSettings of the 15°C Was
Page 131 and 132: Appendix DSettings of the 30°C Was
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