an investigation of domestic laundry in europe - habits ... - SIFO

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84An investigation into the domestic laundry habits in EuropeHandkerchief Diaper Sock Dishcloth Sterile samplelog CFU/4,7cm2 sample9876543210Before w ashing Greece Norw ay Spain The NetherlandsFigure 4-4 Total plate count before and after washing at 30°CIn accordance with washing at 15°C, no differences between the countrieswere found (ANOVA-One Way, α = 0.05).Handkerchief Diaper Sock Dishcloth Sterile samplelog CFU/4,7cm2 sample9876543210Before w ashing Greece Norw ay Spain The NetherlandsFigure 4-5 Enterobacteriaeae before and after washing at 30°CAgain it is clear that Enterobacteriaceae are spread around by the washingprocess (see graph 4.5). Although a reduction of 2 - 4.5 log units for the diaperand 3.5 - 4 log units for the dishcloth has been established, after washingthese bacteria also found on the handkerchief, the sock and the sterile sample.The spread of the Enterobacteriaceae also becomes clear in graph 4.6. Allsterile samples were contaminated with Enterobacteriaceae and had a high
Hygiene effects of laundry processes in Europe 85Total Plate Count. In most cases, Bacilli and Staphylococcus aureus had beenremoved from the laundry items during washing, and no cross-contaminationon sterile samples was found either.TPC Ent ero Bacillus St. aureus yeast fungilog CFU/4,7cm2 sample9876543210Greece Norw ay Spain The NetherlandsFigure 4-6 Cross-contamination of sterile samples at 30°CHygienic quality of washing at lower temperaturesThe results show that the hygienic quality of the washing processes at lowtemperatures (i.e. 15°C and 30°C) leaves something to be desired. A smallreduction of the Total Plate Count is achieved only in some cases. The contaminationlevel after washing is still relatively high. A significant temperatureeffect on the hygienic quality is found (ANOVA-One Way, α = 0.05):from a hygienic point of view a 30°C washing process is better than a 15°Cwashing process. There is no effect of the bleaching agent on the hygienicquality. The hygienic properties of the detergents in the dosages used have thesame level in the four European countries. No significant differences werefound at 15°C and at 30°C.4.4.2 The most common washing processes in the actual countriesGreeceThe two most common washing processes in Greece are a 40°C cotton programmewith a detergent (tablets) without bleaching agents and a 60°C cottonprogramme with a traditional powder containing bleach. The most interestingresults are summarised in graphs 4.7 and 4.8. A significant difference is found
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Page 119 and 120: Appendix ASurvey of domestic laundr
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Page 131 and 132: Appendix DSettings of the 30°C Was
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