an investigation of domestic laundry in europe - habits ... - SIFO

76An investigation into the domestic laundry habits in EuropeBacillusBacillus are another common group of bacteria. Bacillus cereus is the pathogenin this group. It is not only known to cause food poisoning by producing atoxin in cooked food; it can also cause food borne infection. Bacillus cereus isparticularly dangerous because it is a spore-bearing bacterium. A spore is aresting body, which is produced when conditions are unfavourable for growthand particularly when there is a lack of moisture. The spores can survive in adormant condition for long periods of time under adverse conditions, butwhen suitable conditions of food, moisture and temperature return they areable to germinate into actively growing bacteria again. In the studies of Finch[1] and Speirs [2], Bacilli were found on soiled dishcloths, tea towels andhand towels. Betz [7] used a culture of Bacillus subtilis for his test.Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureus is reported as the most important cause of food poisoning.50% of all people carry this bacteria in their nose and/or around theanus. Staphylococcus aureus is spread easily by contaminated hands, utensilsetc. Again, Finch [1] and Speirs [2] found Staphylococcus aureus on soileddishcloths, tea towels and hand towels. Most of the work of Walter [6] andpart of the studies by Scott [3] [ 4] were based on artificial contamination withStaphylococcus aureus.Yeasts and FungiYeasts and fungi are found everywhere. Spores can survive dry conditions butfor the most part yeast and fungi are found in damp conditions. Only Block[5] used a yeast culture in his study. Other studies focussing on yeasts andfungi were not found.Total Plate CountThe Total Plate Count gives an idea of the overall effect of washing. There aremany different bacteria present in laundry. Using Total Plate Count almostevery bacterium present in the laundry will be detected.4.3.3 Selection of Laundry ItemsIn order to find the selected micro-organisms, laundry items have to be selected.In this experiment the hygienic condition of naturally soiled laundry is