an investigation of domestic laundry in europe - habits ... - SIFO

More documents

Recommendations

Info

72An investigation into the domestic laundry habits in Europeof cotton together with the soiled items and the sterile base load. In order toget a homogeneous sample during the tests, a method for sampling is developed.In order to validate the test method, the results of the laboratory tests arecompared to the results in a normal household wash. In this test the actual hygienesituation of domestic laundry after washing is determined. Sterile samplesare washed together with household laundry in a household washing machine.A good correlation between the contamination figures of both washes(laboratory wash and household wash) indicates a method that reflects therealistic household situation.4.2.2 Test planTwo washing programmes (15°C and 30°C) were run in a laboratory washingmachine (Electrolux Wascator FOM 71MP-Lab) according to IEC 60456 [9]conditions using the most common detergents in the four European countriesof interest. The only variables in this design are the type of detergent and thedosage. In this way the hygienic quality of washing at low temperatures underlaboratory conditions using various European detergents and dosages can bedetermined.The experimental design of the test using low temperatures is presented intable 4.1 and table 4.2.Table 4-1 Washing at 15°C under laboratory conditions with European detergentsGreece Norway Spain The NetherlandsCode GR-1 N-1 E-1 NL-1Detergent Skip Omo Color Ariël Alpine Ariël ColorType of detergenttraditionalpowdertabletstraditionalpowdercompact powderBleaching agents 16 yes no yes noDosage g 175 1 tab 120 70Load kg 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5Water hardness °dH 14 14 14 14Washing machine Wascator Wascator Wascator WascatorThe settings of the 15°C programme on the Wascator are listed in Appendix A.16 This refers only to the detergent. “Yes” indicates that the detergent contains a bleachingagent (e.g. an oxygen-based bleaching agent).
Hygiene effects of laundry processes in Europe 73Table 4-2 Washing at 30°C under laboratory conditions with European detergentsGreece Norway Spain The NetherlandsCode GR-2 N-2 E-2 NL-2Detergent Skip Omo TAEDPlusMicolor gel AriëlType of detergent tablets traditionalpowdergelcompactpowderBleaching agents 1 no yes no yesDosage g 2 tabs 65 130 70Load kg 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5Water hardness °dH 14 14 14 14Washing machine Wascator Wascator Wascator WascatorThe settings of the 30°C programme on the Wascator are listed in Appendix B.Additionally, the four countries were asked to supply information on their twomost common laundry processes in a normal household machine.What are the most commonly used washing programmes in each country?What type and brand of detergent is common, and what is the dosage perwash? What is the average water hardness and loading degree? With this informationthe actual hygienic quality in the participating European countriescan be established. The two most common washing processes in each of thefour European countries are listed in table 4.3. Each washing process (15°C,30°C and the most common ones in each country) is run only once. The hygienicquality of the laundry samples is determined before and after washing.Table 4-3 Most common washing processes in four European countriesGreeceNorwayCode GR-3 GR-4 N-3 N-4Temperature (°C) 40 60 40 60Programme cotton cotton cotton cottonDetergent Skip Skip Omo Color Omo UltraType of detergent tablets traditional tablets tabletspowderBleaching agents 1 no yes no yesDosage (g) 2 tabs 100 1 tab 1 tabLoad (kg) 5 5 3.5 3.5Water hardness (°dH) 15.4 15.4 3.5 3.5
Page 1:
• • • • • • • • •
Page 4 and 5:
2An investigation into the domestic
Page 6 and 7:
Page 8 and 9:
Page 10 and 11:
Page 12 and 13:
10An investigation into the domesti
Page 14 and 15:
Page 16 and 17:
Page 18 and 19:
Page 21 and 22:
2 Assessment of the consumer laundr
Page 23 and 24: Assessment of the consumer laundry
Page 49 and 50: Assessment of the functional perfor
Page 57: Assessment of the functional perfor
Page 71 and 72: Hygiene effects of laundry processe
Page 73: Hygiene effects of laundry processe
Page 103: Hygiene effects of laundry processe
Page 106 and 107: 104An investigation into the domest
Page 119 and 120: Appendix ASurvey of domestic laundr
Page 121 and 122: Appendix A 1199. Which temperature
Page 123 and 124: Appendix A 1211.Working, in private
Page 125 and 126:
Appendix BDeclaration detergentsGre
Page 127 and 128:
Appendix B 125NorwayA) Omo Ultra Ta
Page 129 and 130:
Appendix CSettings of the 15°C Was
Page 131 and 132:
Appendix DSettings of the 30°C Was
show all

an investigation of domestic laundry in europe - habits ... - SIFO

You also want an ePaper? Increase the reach of your titles

Delete template?

Save as template?