an investigation of domestic laundry in europe - habits ... - SIFO

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48An investigation into the domestic laundry habits in EuropeTable 3-1 Label of detergent typesType AType BType CType DCompacts (tablets) for white textilesTraditional (powder) for white textilesLiquid detergent for colored textilesCompacts (tablets) for coloured textilesThe most interesting objective of this part of the research is to determine thewash performance of the most common laundry process for each country, usingthe most common detergent, the most common wash temperature and themost common water hardness in each of these countries. With these results,we will show the differences between a common Greek laundry process and acommon Spanish laundry process. The differences in wash temperature aregreat, but are the differences in wash performance equally great? That is whatwe wish to measure: the wash performance of the most common laundryprocess in each country involved.3.2 Testing conditionsThe procedure used is based on the international standard IEC 60456:1998“Clothes washing machines for household use – Methods for measuring theperformance”[9] with modifications from the work document IEC59D/207/CD [20], which is an improvement on the current standard. This testmethod is used internationally for the determination of the wash performanceof washing machines, and in Europe for the determination of wash performanceof detergents for ecolabelling purposes.The wash performance and rinse efficiency of each detergent is determinedafter five wash cycles with a fixed water hardness of 14°dH. Each detergent istested using a 30 °C and a 40 °C wash programme. Tests are run in parallel infive identical household washing machines (AEG Eco-Lavamat 6350 – frontloader).Additionally, the two most common laundry processes in each of the fourEuropean countries are tested for wash performance. In this particular testthree cycles are run. The fact that only three cycles are used for these testswill mean a higher confidence interval, and some of the differences that wefind not significant might have been significant if five cycles were run. Thereason for only three cycles was several delays in the project plan, and eventuallythere was not enough time to do tests as planned. The laboratory used
Assessment of the functional performance of European laundry processes and detergents 49was moving to a new location, which made it impossible to continue the testsfor more than three cycles.The dosage of each detergent was selected from what was labelled on the detergentpackage. Water hardness was determined according to the internationalstandard IEC 60734, Type B[21]. The most common Norwegian waterhardness (3 °dH) differed considerably from the one tested under fixed conditions,and the Norwegian detergents were labelled with a lower dosage for thislow water hardness. That is why the two tests of the Norwegian detergents areperformed with two different levels of water hardness, as the only detergentsin this test.Different types of soiled test fabrics are washed together with a cotton baseload in a washing machine.Table 3-2 Soiled test fabricsType of soil 3 Use (detects) 4IEC Carbon black/Mineral oil on EMPA 106 DetergencyCOIEC Blood on CO EMPA 111 Bleach, Protease enzyme activityIEC Cocoa on CO EMPA 112 Detergency, Protease and Amylaseenzyme activityIEC Red wine on CO EMPA 114 BleachProtein/Tea on CO wFk 10 JE Bleach, Protease enzyme activityLipstick on CO wFk 10 LS Detergency, Lipase enzyme activityStarch/Pigment on CO wFk 10 R Detergency, Amylase enzyme activityProtein/Tea on PES/CO wFk 20 JE Bleach, Protease enzyme activityLipstick on PES/CO wFk 20 LS Detergency, Lipase enzyme activityStarch/Pigment on PES/CO wFk 20 R Detergency, Amylase enzyme activityProtein/Tea on PES wFk 30 JE Bleach, Protease enzyme activityLipstick on PES wFk 30 LS Detergency, Lipase enzyme activityStarch/Pigment on PES wFk 30 R Detergency, Amylase enzyme activityThe IEC soiled test fabrics for the evaluation of wash performance wereoriginally developed for high temperatures and even boil wash programs.However, they are still in use for low temperatures and for tests of wash performancefor ecolabelling detergents using a 40 °C wash programme. Thesoiled test fabrics in the lower six rows in the table were not used for evaluationsin this particular study. These are soils on polyester and polyester/cotton3 Fabric substrates: CO = cotton, CO/PES = polyester/cotton 65/35, PES = polyester.4 This column gives the use of the soiled test fabrics, suggested by wFk. More information hasto be collected from wFk and EMPA.
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Appendix ASurvey of domestic laundr
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Appendix A 1199. Which temperature
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Appendix A 1211.Working, in private
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Appendix BDeclaration detergentsGre
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Appendix B 125NorwayA) Omo Ultra Ta
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Appendix CSettings of the 15°C Was
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Appendix DSettings of the 30°C Was
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