ANALYSIS OF SHIPBUILDING INDUSTRY MARKETIN LITHUANIA AND POLANDElena ValionieneLithuanian <strong>Maritime</strong> Academy, 7 I. Kanto Street, Klaipeda, LT-92123, LithuaniaE-mail: e.valioniene@lajm.lt, phone: +370 69836297Algirdas DruktenisLithuanian <strong>Maritime</strong> Academy, 7 I. Kanto Street, Klaipeda, LT-92123, LithuaniaE-mail: a.druktenis@lajm.lt, phone: +370 67590088AbstractLithuanian and Polish shipbuilding industry can be compared according to the external and internalfactors which affect the market. Polish ship building scale exceeds Lithuanian about hundred times. Inthat way authors were looking for main reasons which influenced the increase of shipbuilding inLithuania and decrease in Poland. The process of ship building from drawings to a complete ship isbriefly presented. Data is being analyzed and compared using statistical and graphical analysis. Articlereveals the internal and external factors that affect data variations.Keywords: shipbuilding, shipyard, evaluation, shipbuilding market analysisIntroductionFirst ships, that people built, were timbers powered by hands. Later timbers were tied together andpeople invented rafts, in lands without forests people used reeds instead. First real ships were builtsomewhere about X age B.C. by Phoenicians. These ships were powered by vaulting poles or paddleswhich were fitted in one, two or three rows. Later shipbuilding technologies started developing rapidly.Scandinavian ships were distinguished by great marine properties. In VII century engineers of Venicestarted building Galleys. These narrow and fast ships were used by Europian navies for military purposes.After medieval paddles were replaced by sails, ships were shorter and wider, pole number increased tothree and more [16].In XVIII century vessels appeared with four or even six heights sails like “Kruzenshtern”. Also areaof sail increased to 0.5 hectare and vessels speed increased to 14 knots, so ships were more manoeuvrableand faster. First steel ship was built in England in 1787. It was 21.5 meters length steamer. Sailboats werereplaced by steamers in late XIX century since propellers were perfected. Since middle XX century shipswere fitted with gas turbines or even nuclear reactors.These main historical facts reveal that shipbuilding industry developed side to side with technologydevelopment. Navigation safety and reliability, increasing concern about environment problems anddemand for fast and efficient transport of goods makes shipbuilders apply latest technologies [12]. Butnot everywhere shipbuilding develops in equal rates, because of many factors which affect the process.Consequently it is interesting to analyse what are those factors, that affects industry, shipbuilding processand why there is positive or negative shipbuilding indicators, dynamics and development trends [15].Research purpose – to evaluate development trends of Lithuanian and Polish shipbuilding market.Main tasks: to make shipbuilding market overview; to compare Lithuania’s and Poland’s shipbuilding market indicators; to evaluate dynamics trends of Lithuanian and Polish shipbuilding industry.Research used comparison, statistics analysis, mathematic modelling, results interpretation andgeneralization methods.Review of shipbuilding marketShipbuilding industry produces one of the most important transport tools in the world – ships. Even90% of worldwide trade is based on marine transport, therefore it is being developed according toglobalization conditions. [8].In the 1980s South Korean shipbuilding output grew rapidly, challenging Japan’s dominant positionand finally establishing the Far East as the centre of the world shipbuilding [15]. Community of EuropeanShipyards Associations (CESA) annual report of 2010-2011 years shows that China and all south east74
Asia region is fastest developing not only in marine trade routes insurance, but in shipbuilding area too,which set itself a task to conquer shipbuilding industry worldwide. Over the last 20 years shipbuildingindustry in China grew dozens of times and in 2010 consisted one third of the world’s shipbuildingindustry (Figure 1), according to the annual tonnage of ships being under construction. This rapid andintense China’s and south east Asia’s regions growth caused confusion in shipbuilding industry.a) b)Figure 1. Shipbuilding market distribution (CESA)a) market dynamics 1990 – 2010 periods; b) competition based on ships under construction types in2009 year (inner circle) and 2010 year (outer circle) [2].Less rapidly grew Japanese and South Korea‘s shipbuilding industries. European shipbuilding partof overall world wide industry keeps it steady grounds for last 20 years, because eastern ship buildersorientate to big tonnage shipbuilding, and even 65% of ships that were built are adapted to eastern regionports, which can service 20 meters draft ships. Shipbuilding market competition analysis is based on thetypes of produced ships, over one year period demand for bulk cargo ships industry almost doubled [1].Therefore these reasons listed above European shipbuilding market is stable. Dynamics ofshipbuilding sector mostly depends from European region economic and international trade developmentin this region.European shipbuilding industry during 2011 years earned almost 20 thousand billion euro. In Europemost of all profited country was Germany (23%), then Norway (16%), Italy (15%), Spain (11%) andNetherlands (10%). Lithuania makes 0.69% profit of overall CESA countries shipbuilding sector, but thatis not the least. Lower profits were generated by Bulgaria (0.59%), United Kingdom (0.1%) and Portugal(0.04%).a) b)Figure 2. CESA countries profit and new orders indicators in 2010-2011a) countries profit percentage; b) new countries order percentage [2]75
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CONTENTSRoberts GailītisASSESSMENT
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1. The aim of research and methodol
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Figure 2. Age structure of merchant
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their maritime education, takes dec
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Therefore it can be concluded that
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MULTI ZONES HVAC SYSTEMS’ CONTROL
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Figure 1. Multi-zone air-conditioni
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The control mechanism of the mathem
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Results and discussionThe temperatu
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PREDICTION OF EMISSIONS AND PERFORM
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