Mohamad-Ziad Charif - Antares

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Figure 3.17: Distribution of azimuth angle for events detected by the surface array.Surface ArrayDuring maintenance operations where we might be recovering or re-installingsome detector lines a boat is usually located approximately above the detectorfor few days. On top of the boat a collection of muon detectors is fitted. The roleof the surface array is to study muon events that are both detected by the surfacearray and the detector (∼ 13 events per day). With the position of the boat preciselyknown with the help of GPS, the array can reconstruct the direction of themuon (Figure 3.17 & 3.18), after that it is compared to the reconstructed directionby ANTARES which is then results in estimation of the pointing accuracy of1ANTARES. This uncertainty is proportional to √Ndays. After one sea campaignwhich had 4 days of operation time, the resulting calculations showed no deviationof ANTARES pointing. However, more time is needed to refine the uncertaintyestimations.Detector dynamic geometrySince the detector is a not a rigid structure and the shape of the detector lines(Figure 3.20) is under the constant influence of sea current (Figure 3.22), henceforthit is very important to know the dynamic detector geometry to accuratelyestimate the muon track direction. This is done via acoustic calibration, whichuses the acoustic transponder that exists on the BSS of every line along with thehydrophones that are installed on some of the stories (Figure 3.21).The HFLBL (High Frequency Long BaseLine positioning system[91]) acousticpositioning system uses frequencies between 40 and 60 KHz to calculate thedistance between the BSS of each line, and 5 different stories all the lines. This50
Figure 3.18: Distribution of zenith angle for events detected by the surface array.Figure 3.19: Estimation of the pointing uncertainty of the zenith angle (blue ) andthe azimuth angle (red) as a function of sea campaign duration.51
Page 2 and 3: "The most exciting phrase to hear i
Page 4 and 5: 3.2.1.4 Performance and characteris
Page 6 and 7: Chapter 1IntroductionThe early hist
Page 8 and 9: Chapter 2Dark MatterIn this chapter
Page 10 and 11: Figure 2.2: Comparison of the measu
Page 12 and 13: Figure 2.4: CMB anisotropy observed
Page 14 and 15: Figure 2.5: Combination of the WMAP
Page 17: Figure 2.6: Temporal evolution of t
Page 20 and 21: Figure 2.9: Parameter space of m 1/
Page 22 and 23: Figure 2.10: Limits on spin-indepen
Page 26 and 27: Figure 2.14: Detected gamma ray flu
Page 28 and 29: 600km/s. If we assume the worst cas
Page 30 and 31: Figure 2.17: Conversion factor from
Page 32 and 33: The eigenstate mixing can be writte
Page 34 and 35: Figure 2.19: Flux of ν µ / ¯ν
Page 36 and 37: Figure 3.1: The neutral current (NC
Page 38 and 39: Muon Energy (GeV )1p| dEdx | (GeV.c
Page 40 and 41: Figure 3.4: Energy loss of per dist
Page 42 and 43: Figure 3.6: Effective muon range as
Page 44 and 45: Figure 3.8: Differential flux of at
Page 46 and 47: 3.2.1.1 Detector layoutOptical Modu
Page 48 and 49: • The LED (light emitting diode)
Page 50 and 51: Anchor & BuoyEach line is anchored
Page 54 and 55: Figure 3.20: Height and radial disp
Page 56 and 57: Figure 3.22: Distribution of sea cu
Page 58 and 59: Figure 3.24: Time offset among OMs
Page 60 and 61: Figure 3.26: Distribution of time d
Page 62 and 63: Line number Connection Date Mainten
Page 64 and 65: Figure 3.29: Comparison between sky
Page 66 and 67: Figure 3.31: The effective area for
Page 68 and 69: Figure 4.1: Median counting rate of
Page 70 and 71: Figure 4.4: Average neutrino events
Page 72 and 73: 2. All hits on the same floor are m
Page 74 and 75: 4.2.1 Neutrino simulationFigure 4.6
Page 76 and 77: • Multiplicity range of the muon
Page 78 and 79: Chapter 5Dark Matter search in the
Page 80 and 81: Figure 5.2: Annihilation spectrum f
Page 82 and 83: Livetime(days) 5 Lines 9 Lines 10 L
Page 84 and 85: Figure 5.4: Monte Carlo Truth distr
Page 86 and 87: Figure 5.7: Tchi2 distribution for
Page 88 and 89: Figure 5.9: Tchi2 distribution for
Page 90 and 91: Figure 5.11: Sun’s position taken
Page 92 and 93: Figure 5.13: Comparison between the
Page 94 and 95: Figure 5.15: Estimation of the back
Page 96 and 97: Figure 5.16: Mean angle between the
Page 98 and 99: Figure 5.18: A comparison of the di
Page 100 and 101: a look at figure 5.22 we find a cle
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The resulting optimized sensitiviti
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Figure 5.26: A comparison plot of t
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dΦ µdE ν= dΦ νdE νP earth ρN
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Figure 5.31: Limits on the muon flu
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Chapter 6Dark Matter search in the
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Figure 6.1: . True Position of the
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Figure 6.3: Comparison of the three
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For BBFit all variables mentioned i
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Figure 6.6: The distribution of χ
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annihilation channel W + W − the
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lowering the total contribution of
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6.4.2 BBFit Single-line analysisThe
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Figure 6.15: Comparison between the
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Figure 6.17: Comparison of Nhit dis
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Figure 6.19: The estimation of the
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Figure 6.21: Comparison of the opti
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Figure 6.23: Comparison of sensitiv
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Figure 6.25: Estimation of our back
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Figure 6.28: Comparison of the mult
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Figure 6.29: Comparison of the Λ d
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Figure 6.31: Comparison of the cos(
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Figure 6.34: Comparison of the esti
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The optimal Λ cut for all dark mat
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Figure 6.40: Sensitivity to neutrin
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6.7 Comparison with 2007-2008 analy
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mass of 200 GeV and a cross-section
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Chapter 7ConclusionsThe limits pres
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Bibliography[1] Volders, L. M. J. S
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[22] S. Burles et al., “Big bang
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[46] G. Debrassi, S. Heinemeyer, W.
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[74] C. Hettlage, K. Mannheim, and
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[102] D. Heck and J. Knapp, “Fors
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Mohamad-Ziad Charif - Antares

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