Mohamad-Ziad Charif - Antares
Mohamad-Ziad Charif - Antares Mohamad-Ziad Charif - Antares
"The most exciting phrase to hear in science, the one that heraldsnew discoveries, is not ‘Eureka‘ but ‘That’s funny...‘ "- Isaac Asimov(1920 - 1992)
Contents1 Introduction 42 Dark Matter 62.1 Indirect evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1.1 Galactic rotation curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1.2 Galaxy clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1.3 Gravitational lensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1.4 Velocity Dispersions of galaxies & Mass to light ratio . . . 82.1.5 Cosmic microwave background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.1.6 ΛCDM model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.1.6.1 Dark matter in ΛCDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2 WIMPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.2.1 Standard Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.2.2 WIMPs in Supersymmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.2.2.1 MSSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.3 Methods of detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.3.1 Direct detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.3.2 Indirect detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.4 Dark matter in the Sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 The ANTARES Neutrino Telescope 333.1 Neutrino interaction with matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.1.1 Bremsstrahlung radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.1.2 Medium ionization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.1.3 Pair production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.1.4 Cherenkov radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.2 Neutrino telescopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.2.1 ANTARES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.2.1.1 Detector layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.2.1.2 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.2.1.3 Status of the detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
- Page 4 and 5: 3.2.1.4 Performance and characteris
- Page 6 and 7: Chapter 1IntroductionThe early hist
- Page 8 and 9: Chapter 2Dark MatterIn this chapter
- Page 10 and 11: Figure 2.2: Comparison of the measu
- Page 12 and 13: Figure 2.4: CMB anisotropy observed
- Page 14 and 15: Figure 2.5: Combination of the WMAP
- Page 17: Figure 2.6: Temporal evolution of t
- Page 20 and 21: Figure 2.9: Parameter space of m 1/
- Page 22 and 23: Figure 2.10: Limits on spin-indepen
- Page 26 and 27: Figure 2.14: Detected gamma ray flu
- Page 28 and 29: 600km/s. If we assume the worst cas
- Page 30 and 31: Figure 2.17: Conversion factor from
- Page 32 and 33: The eigenstate mixing can be writte
- Page 34 and 35: Figure 2.19: Flux of ν µ / ¯ν
- Page 36 and 37: Figure 3.1: The neutral current (NC
- Page 38 and 39: Muon Energy (GeV )1p| dEdx | (GeV.c
- Page 40 and 41: Figure 3.4: Energy loss of per dist
- Page 42 and 43: Figure 3.6: Effective muon range as
- Page 44 and 45: Figure 3.8: Differential flux of at
- Page 46 and 47: 3.2.1.1 Detector layoutOptical Modu
- Page 48 and 49: • The LED (light emitting diode)
- Page 50 and 51: Anchor & BuoyEach line is anchored
Contents1 Introduction 42 Dark Matter 62.1 Indirect evidence . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1.1 Galactic rotation curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1.2 Galaxy clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1.3 Gravitational lensing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72.1.4 Velocity Dispersions of galaxies & Mass to light ratio . . . 82.1.5 Cosmic microwave background . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.1.6 ΛCDM model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92.1.6.1 Dark matter in ΛCDM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.2 WIMPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.2.1 Standard Scenario . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132.2.2 WIMPs in Supersymmetry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142.2.2.1 MSSM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162.3 Methods of detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.3.1 Direct detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192.3.2 Indirect detection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 202.4 Dark matter in the Sun . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 The ANTARES Neutrino Telescope 333.1 Neutrino interaction with matter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 333.1.1 Bremsstrahlung radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343.1.2 Medium ionization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 353.1.3 Pair production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.1.4 Cherenkov radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363.2 Neutrino telescopes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 383.2.1 ANTARES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393.2.1.1 Detector layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 443.2.1.2 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483.2.1.3 Status of the detector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 591
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