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conversion table for u.s. and METRic SYSTEMMETRIC TO U.S.u.S. TO METRICMULTIPLY TO OBTAIN MultIPLY TO OBTAINmillimeter (mm) x .03937 = inches inches (in) x 25.4 = millimeterscentimeters (cm) x .3937 = inches inches (in) x 2.54 = centimetersmeters (m) x 39.37 = inches inches (in) x .254 = metersmeters (m) x 3.281 = feet feet (ft) x .3048 = metersmeters (m) x 1.094 = yards yards (yds) x .9144 = meterskilometers (km) x .6214 = miles miles (mi) x 1.6093 = kilometerskilometers (km) x 1093.62 = yards yards (yds) x .0001943 = kilometerskilometers (km) x 3280.87 = feet feet (ft) x .0003048 = kilometersliters (l) x 1.0567 = quarts (liq) quarts (qts) x .945 = litersliters (l) x .2642 = gallons (U.S.) gallons (gals) x 3.78 = litersliters (l) x .455 = pounds pounds (lbs) x 2.2 = literstemperature in C° (C° x 1.80) + 32° = temp. in F° temperature in F° (F°-32°) x .5556 = temp. in C°kilograms/cubic centimeter (kg/cm 2 ) x 14.223 = lb/sq in psicubic feet (cu ft) x 28.316 = litersMISCELLANEOUS CONVERSION FACTORSMultiplyTo ObtAINAREAacres (ac) x 43560 = square feetacres (ac) x 4046.8 = square meterssquare meters (sq m) x 10.764 = square feetsquare feet (sq ft) x 144 = square inchessquare inches (sq in) x 6.452 = square centimetershectares (ha) x 10000 = square metershectares (ha) x 2.471 = acresPOWERkilowatts (kW) x 1.341 = horsepowerFLOWcubic feet/minute (cu ft/min) x .0004719 = cubic meters/secondcubic feet/second (cu ft/sec) x .02832 = cubic meters/secondcubic yards/minute (cu yd/min) x .01274 = cubic meters/secondgallons/minute (gal/min) x .22716 = cubic meters/hourgallons/minute (gal/min) x 3.7854 = liters/minutegallons/minute (gal/min) x .06309 = liters/secondcubic meters/hour (cu m/hr) x 16.645 = liters/minutecubic meters/hour (cu m/hr) x .2774 = liters/secondliters/minute (l/min) x 60 = liters/secondVELOCITYfeet/second (ft/sec) x .3048 = meters/secondSURGE pRESSUREVLP = ( T )Where:P = Pressure rise (psi) above the static pressureV = Velocity of flow (ft/sec)L = Length of pipe (ft) on the pressure side of the valveT = Closing time of valve (sec)CONVERSion TABle FOR u.s.and METRic SYSTEMPressure drop calculations can be made for valves andstrainers for different fluids, flow rates and sizes using theCV values and the following equation:P =(G) 2 (specific gravity liquid)(CV Factor) 2WhERE:P = Pressure drop in psi; feet of water = psi.4332G = Gallons per minuteCV = Gallons per minute per 1 psi pressure dropMultiplyTo ObtAINLENGTHfeet (ft) x 12 = incheskilometers (km) x .6214 = milesmiles (mi) x 5280 = feetmiles (mi) x 1609.34 = metersmillimeters (mm) x .03937 = inchesPREssuREPSI x 6.89476 = kilopascalsPSI x .068948 = barsbars x 100 = kilopascalsPSI x 2.31 = feet of headVolumecubic feet (cu ft) x 4.481 = gallonscubic feet (cu ft) x 28.32 = literscubic meters (cu m) x 35.31 = cubic feetcubic meters (cu m) x 1.3087 = cubic yardscubic yards (cu yd) x 27 = cubic feetcubic yards (cu yd) x 202 = gallonsacres/feet (ac/ft) x 43,560 = cubic feetgallons (gal) x .003785 = cubic metersgallons (gal) x 3.785 = litersimperial gallons (ig) x 1.833 = gallonsWater pRESSUREWater pressure varies .433 PSI when water goes upor down. (1 lb. every 2.3 ft. gained or lost)DEFINItIONsStatistic Pressure – Water pressure without movementDynamic Pressure – Water pressure with movementPrecipitation Rate – How fast water is applied to the soilTranspiration Rate – Amount of water plants require to liveTypiCAl SolenoidOHM readingsIrritrol 24Hunter 24Rain Bird PGA 36Rain Bird DV 40Weathermatic 30Toro 252 29Toro 1" 53FriCTion lOSS THROUGH fiTTingsFriction loss through fittings is expressed in equivalent feet of the same pipe size and schedule for the system flow rate.Schedule 40 head loss per 100-feet values are usually used for other wall thicknesses and standard iron pipe size O.D.’sItem 1/2" 3/4" 1" 1-3/4" 1-1/2" 2" 2-1/2" 3" 4" 6" 8" 10" 12" 14" 16" 18" 20" 24"Tee Run 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.7 4.0 4.9 6.1 7.9 12.3 14.0 17.5 20.0 25.0 27.0 32.0 35.0 42.0Tee Branch 3.8 4.9 6.0 7.3 8.4 12.0 14.7 16.4 22.0 32.7 49.0 57.0 67.0 78.0 88.0 107.0 118.0 137.090 Ell 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.8 4.0 5.7 6.9 7.9 11.4 16.7 21.0 26.0 32.0 37.0 43.0 53.0 58.0 67.045 Ell .8 1.1 1.4 1.8 2.1 2.6 3.1 4.0 5.1 8.0 10.6 13.5 15.5 18.0 20.0 23.0 25.0 30.0LIGHTING WIRE GAUGE CHARTWAttsFEET 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 28020 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 8 840 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 8 860 12 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 10 8 880 12 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8100 12 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8120 12 12 12 12 10 10 10 8 8 8 8 8140 12 12 12 10 10 10 10 8 8 8 8160 12 12 10 10 10 8 8 8 8180 12 10 10 10 8 8 8 8200 10 10 10 10 8 8 8220 10 10 10 8 8 8240 10 10 10 8 8 8260 10 10 8 8 8280 10 10 8 8 8300 10 10 8 8 8Wire SizingMethod of wire sizing for electrical components of anautomatic irrigation system.Data NEEDED• Maximum current draw of the electrical unit (valve or controller)in amperes (I)• Distance in feet (one way) to the electrical unit (F)• The allowable voltage drop in the wire without affecting functionsof the electrical unit (Vd)Steps• Calculate the maximum allowable wire resistance per 1000 feetwith the following formula:R =*500 x VdF x 1Where R = allowable wireresistance per 1000 feet.• Select the wire size from Chart 1 which has a resistance less than thatcalculated in the above formula.CHART 1COPPER WIRE resistANCE of VARIOus sizesSizesResistANCE at 20˚CAWGOhms PER 1000 ft.4 .2506 .408 .6410 1.0212 1.6214 2.5716 4.1018 6.51Chart 2Maximum 1-way distANCE (ft.) betWEEN CONtrollerAND valve (stANDARD 24 VAC solENOID)Ground WIREControl WIRE (Hot)(COMMON) 18 16 14 12 10 8 618 1020 1260 1470 1640 1770 1860 193016 1260 1630 2000 2330 2610 2810 296014 1470 2000 2590 3180 3710 4150 448012 1640 2330 3180 4120 5050 5900 659010 1770 2610 3730 5050 6540 8030 93808 1860 2810 4150 5900 8030 10400 127706 1930 2960 4480 6590 9380 12770 16540Chart 3MINIMum solENOID OPERAtING voltAGE uNDERVARIOus lINE PREssureLine PressuRE VoltAGE VoltAGE(Actual bleed(External bleedconfigurations)configurations)200 psi (13, 8 bars) 21.1175 psi (12, 1 bars) 20.2150 psi (10, 3 bars) 19.1 20.0125 psi (8, 6 bars) 18.2 19.1100 psi (6, 9 bars) 17.1 18.275 psi (5, 2 bars) 16.1 17.350 psi (3, 4 bars) 16.0 16.4MultiplIER FACtor FOR VARIOus CONtroller outputvoltAGEs AND optIONAl low voltAGE solENOIDsChart 4ControllER24-Volt SolENOIDsOutput VoltAGE 24VAC 24VAC-D 24VDC28 2.0 5.77 5.4527 1.75 5.05 4.7726 1.5 4.33 4.0925 1.25 3.61 3.4124 1.0 2.88 2.7323 .75 2.16 2.0522 .50 1.44 1.35Chart 5ControllER12-Volt SolENOIDsOutput VoltAGE 12VAC 12VAC-D 12VDC16 .58 2.50 1.9615 .50 2.08 1.5314 .41 1.67 1.3013 .33 1.25 .9812 .25 .83 .6511 .17 .42 .33Information contained in this technical section is based upon generally acceptedformulas, computations and trade practices. Ewing Irrigation, its subsidiaries andaffiliates, shall not be responsible or liable therefore if any problems, difficultiesor injuries should arise from or in connection with the use or applications ofthis information, of if there is any error herein, typographical or otherwise.