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Name Date Class1EnrichmentFlow, Flow, Old Phlogiston!Before Antoine Lavoisier developed the oxygen theory of burning and rusting, most scientistsbelieved in the phlogiston (floh JIHS tuhn) theory. These two theories are briefly described below.Meeting Individual Needs■ Phlogiston Theory Wood is made up of ashand a substance called phlogiston. Whenwood burns, it gives off phlogiston into theair, leaving the ash. Iron is made up of metallicash (now called iron oxide) and phlogiston.When iron rusts, it gives off phlogistoninto the air, leaving the metallic ash.■ Oxygen Theory When wood burns, it combineswith the oxygen in the air to form new substances—carbondioxide, water, and ash. Wheniron rusts, it combines with the oxygen in theair to form a new substance, iron oxide. In bothcases, the total mass of the original substanceand the oxygen with which it combines withequals the total mass of the resulting substances.1. Scientists tested the phlogiston and oxygen theories by burning wood in a closed containerfilled with either pure nitrogen or pure oxygen instead of air. (Air consists of 78% nitrogen,21 percent oxygen, and 21 percent other gases.) The wood did not burn in nitrogen, but itburned vigorously in oxygen. Which theory do these results support? Explain.2. When iron rusts, the resulting substance has a greater mass than the original iron. With whichtheory does this result seem to agree? Explain.Copyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.26 Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table
Name Date Class2EnrichmentThe Periodic TableDirections: Refer to a periodic table to complete the first four columns of the table below. Then use a dictionary,encyclopedia, or other resources to complete the last column. When you have completed the table, answer thequestion that follows.ElementSymbolNumberofprotonsAtomicnumberMetal,nonmetal, ormetalloidCharacteristics and uses1. Hydrogen2. Carbon3. Oxygen4. Silicon5. IronMeeting Individual Needs6. KryptonCopyright © Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, a division of the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.7. Chlorine8. Plutonium9. Lead10. Silver11. Name three things that you can predict about an element from its position on the periodic table.Atoms, Elements, and the Periodic Table 27
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