wherein all the reason and philosophy of atheism is confuted, and

wherein all the reason and philosophy of atheism is confuted, and wherein all the reason and philosophy of atheism is confuted, and

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456 TTje Sun, according to Mzcrohms, Book I.fenflefs and inanimate bodies, as fuch, for gods, but the contrary ; fodoth he there diRinguifli from thofe firft inhabitants of Greece, and otherB.irbarians, the afterwaid civilized Greeks, who took notice of invifibfegods alfo. However, if this of Plato fhould be true, that fome of the ancientPagans worfhipped none but vifible and fenfible gods, (thty takingno notice of any incorporeal beings ;) yet does it not therefore fjHow, thatthofe Pagans had no notion at all amongft them of one fupreme and univerfalNumen. The contrary thereunto being manifeft, that fome ofthofe Corporealifts looked upon the whole heaven and ^tl.er animated asthe highcft God, according to that of Euripides cited by CiccrCyDe N. D. p. Fides fublime fufum, immoderatum at hera,rf^h Ti r ^' tenero terram cinumve^u ample.^ittir ;XXV. p.Hunc fummum habeto divum, hunc perhibetu Jovem,2993]As alfo that others of them conceived, that fubtil firy iublLince, which permeatesand pervades tlie whole world, (fuppofcd to be intclleclu.il} to be thefupreme Deity, which governs all ; this opinion hiving been entertained byphilofophers alfo, as namely the Heracliticks and Stoicks. And laftly,fince Macrobius ', in the perfon of Vettiiis Prutexiatus, refers fo many ofthe Pagan gods to the fun ; this renders it not improbable, but that fome ofthefe Pagans might adore the animated fun, as the fov. reign Numen, aivltiius perhaps invoke him in that form of prayer ihcr^r mentioneil *, "HAi.- vxi-Tcxp'rif, Ha'^uu Ts-.iZ^x, O omnipotent Jioi^ the mind and fpirit of the ivholetic/'/V, &c. And even Cleanthes himfelf, that learned Stoick, and devout i\:-ligionift, is fufp:ded by fome to have been of this pcrh afion.Neverthelefs, v/e think it opportune here to obferve, that It was not Macrobiushis dcfign, in thofe his Saturnalia, to defend this, either as his owaopinion, or as the opinion of the generality of Pagans, that the animatedfun was abfolutcly the higheft Deity, (as fom.e have conceived ;) nor yet toreduce that multiplicity of Pagan gods, by this device of his, into a feemingmonarchy, and nearer compliance with Chriftianity ; he there plainly confininghis difcourfe to the dii duntaxaly qui fub cctio funt, that is, the lowerfort of mundane gods; and undertaking to fhew, not that all of thefe neither,but only that many of them were reducible to the fun, as polyonymous, andcalled by feveral names, according to his fcveral virtues and effects. For, whatJ\

Chap. IV. not the fupreme Deity. 457rclionis, fed quod C5f virlutes omnes, que? illam prima omnipotentiam fummitalisfequantur^ aut ipfe faciaty aut contineat ; ipfum deniqtie Jovem veleresxo.averunty i^ apiid theologos Jupiter eft mundi anima. That the culmoftjphcre is here called the fufreme God, is not fo to he underftood, as if this werethought to be the firft caufe, and the moft omnipotent God of all. For this ft arryfphere being but a part of the heaven, was made or produced by foul.Which foul alfo proceeded from a perfe£l mind or intellecf ; and again. Mindivas begotten from that God, zvho is truly fupreme. But the bighefl fphere ishere called the fupreme God, only in refpeSi to thofe lejfer fpheres or gods, thatare contained under it ; and it is ftyled a God, becaufe it is not only on immortaland divine animal, full of rcafon derived from that pureft Mind, but alfoIccaufe it maketh or containetb vjilhin itfelf all thofe virtues, 'jjhich follotv thatomni^oten.e of the firft fummiiy. Laftly, this ivas called by the ancients Jupiter,and Jupiter to theologers is the foul of the world. Wherefore thoughMacrobius, as generally the other Pagans, did undoubtedly worfhip the funas a great God, and probably would not ftick to call him Jupiter, nor Tav-ToxfxTuc neither (in a certain fenfe) omnipotent, or the gcvernour of all, norperhaps Deum Summum, as well as the (larry heaven was fo ftyled in Scipio*s.dream, he being the chief moderator in this lower world ; yet neverthelefs,it is plain, that he was far from thinking the fun to be primam caufani, orcmnipotentiffimum Deum ; the firft caufe, or the moft omnipotent God of all.He acknowledging above the fun and heaven, firl!', an eternal Piychc,which was the maker or creator of them both ; and then above this Pfyche,a p'jrfcd mind or intelledt; and laftiy, above that mind a God, who wasvere fummus, truly and properly fupreme, the firft caufe, and the moft omnipotentof all gods. Wherein Macrobius plainly Platonized, aflerting a trinityof archical or divine hypoftafcs. Which fame doftrine is elfewherealfo further declared by him after this manner; Deus, qui prima caufa eft., ^ Somn.Sdp.vacatur unus omnium, qu^que funt, quceque videntur efje, principium i^ origo I. \. -^mens, qu^ N^j vocatur, quapatreminfpicit,plenamfimilitudi»emfervataucforiSyanimam verb de fe creat pofteriora refpiciens. Rurfus anima partem, quam intueiurinduitur, ac paulatim regrediente refpeSlu infabricam ccrporum, in corporeaipfa degenerat : God, who is and is called the firft caufe, is alone the fountainand original of all things, that are or feem to be ; he by his fuperabundant fe^cundity produced from himfelf mind, iiohich mind, as it looks upward towards itsfather, bears the perfect refemblance of its author, but as it looked downward,produced foul. And this foul again, as to its fuperior part, refembles that mind^from whence it was begotten ; but working downwards, produced the corporealfabricky and alfeth upon body. Befides which, the fame Macrobius x.^\h u^ %tthat Summi i^ principis omnium Dei nullum fimulachrum finxit antiquitas, quiafupra animam (j? naturam eft, quo nihil fas eft de fabulis fervenire ; de diisautem ca:teris, i^ de anima, non fruftra fe ad fabulofa convertunt : The Paganantiquity made no image at all of the higheft God, or prince of all things,becaufe he is above foul and nature, where it is not lawful for any fabuloftty to beintrc?r,itted. But as to the other gods, the foul of the world, and thofe'N n n 2below• Ibid. Lib. J. Cap. II. p.

Chap. IV. not <strong>the</strong> fupreme Deity. 457rclion<strong>is</strong>, fed quod C5f virlutes omnes, que? illam prima omnipotentiam fummital<strong>is</strong>fequantur^ aut ipfe faciaty aut contineat ; ipfum deniqtie Jovem veleresxo.averunty i^ apiid <strong>the</strong>ologos Jupiter eft mundi anima. That <strong>the</strong> culm<strong>of</strong>tjphcre <strong>is</strong> here c<strong>all</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> fufreme God, <strong>is</strong> not fo to he underftood, as if th<strong>is</strong> werethought to be <strong>the</strong> firft caufe, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> m<strong>of</strong>t omnipotent God <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong>. For th<strong>is</strong> ft arryfphere being but a part <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> heaven, was made or produced by foul.Which foul alfo proceeded from a perfe£l mind or intellecf ; <strong>and</strong> again. Mindivas begotten from that God, zvho <strong>is</strong> truly fupreme. But <strong>the</strong> bighefl fphere <strong>is</strong>here c<strong>all</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> fupreme God, only in refpeSi to th<strong>of</strong>e lejfer fpheres or gods, thatare contained under it ; <strong>and</strong> it <strong>is</strong> ftyled a God, becaufe it <strong>is</strong> not only on immortal<strong>and</strong> divine animal, full <strong>of</strong> rcafon derived from that pureft Mind, but alfoIccaufe it maketh or containetb vjilhin itfelf <strong>all</strong> th<strong>of</strong>e virtues, 'jjhich follotv thatomni^oten.e <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> firft fummiiy. Laftly, th<strong>is</strong> ivas c<strong>all</strong>ed by <strong>the</strong> ancients Jupiter,<strong>and</strong> Jupiter to <strong>the</strong>ologers <strong>is</strong> <strong>the</strong> foul <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world. Wherefore thoughMacrobius, as gener<strong>all</strong>y <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r Pagans, did undoubtedly worfhip <strong>the</strong> funas a great God, <strong>and</strong> probably would not ftick to c<strong>all</strong> him Jupiter, nor Tav-ToxfxTuc nei<strong>the</strong>r (in a certain fenfe) omnipotent, or <strong>the</strong> gcvernour <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong>, norperhaps Deum Summum, as well as <strong>the</strong> (larry heaven was fo ftyled in Scipio*s.dream, he being <strong>the</strong> chief moderator in th<strong>is</strong> lower world ; yet never<strong>the</strong>lefs,it <strong>is</strong> plain, that he was far from thinking <strong>the</strong> fun to be primam caufani, orcmnipotentiffimum Deum ; <strong>the</strong> firft caufe, or <strong>the</strong> m<strong>of</strong>t omnipotent God <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong>.He acknowledging above <strong>the</strong> fun <strong>and</strong> heaven, firl!', an eternal Piychc,which was <strong>the</strong> maker or creator <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m both ; <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>n above th<strong>is</strong> Pfyche,a p'jrfcd mind or intelledt; <strong>and</strong> laftiy, above that mind a God, who wasvere fummus, truly <strong>and</strong> properly fupreme, <strong>the</strong> firft caufe, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> m<strong>of</strong>t omnipotent<strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> gods. Wherein Macrobius plainly Platonized, aflerting a trinity<strong>of</strong> archical or divine hyp<strong>of</strong>tafcs. Which fame d<strong>of</strong>trine <strong>is</strong> elfewherealfo fur<strong>the</strong>r declared by him after th<strong>is</strong> manner; Deus, qui prima caufa eft., ^ Somn.Sdp.vacatur unus omnium, qu^que funt, quceque videntur efje, principium i^ origo I. \. -^mens, qu^ N^j vocatur, quapatreminfpicit,plenamfimilitudi»emfervataucforiSyanimam verb de fe creat p<strong>of</strong>teriora refpiciens. Rurfus anima partem, quam intueiurinduitur, ac paulatim regrediente refpeSlu infabricam ccrporum, in corporeaipfa degenerat : God, who <strong>is</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>is</strong> c<strong>all</strong>ed <strong>the</strong> firft caufe, <strong>is</strong> alone <strong>the</strong> fountain<strong>and</strong> original <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> things, that are or feem to be ; he by h<strong>is</strong> fuperabundant fe^cundity produced from himfelf mind, iiohich mind, as it looks upward towards itsfa<strong>the</strong>r, bears <strong>the</strong> perfect refemblance <strong>of</strong> its author, but as it looked downward,produced foul. And th<strong>is</strong> foul again, as to its fuperior part, refembles that mind^from whence it was begotten ; but working downwards, produced <strong>the</strong> corporealfabricky <strong>and</strong> alfeth upon body. Befides which, <strong>the</strong> fame Macrobius x.^\h u^ %tthat Summi i^ princip<strong>is</strong> omnium Dei nullum fimulachrum finxit antiquitas, quiafupra animam (j? naturam eft, quo nihil fas eft de fabul<strong>is</strong> fervenire ; de di<strong>is</strong>autem ca:ter<strong>is</strong>, i^ de anima, non fruftra fe ad fabul<strong>of</strong>a convertunt : The Paganantiquity made no image at <strong>all</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> higheft God, or prince <strong>of</strong> <strong>all</strong> things,becaufe he <strong>is</strong> above foul <strong>and</strong> nature, where it <strong>is</strong> not lawful for any fabul<strong>of</strong>tty to beintrc?r,itted. But as to <strong>the</strong> o<strong>the</strong>r gods, <strong>the</strong> foul <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> world, <strong>and</strong> th<strong>of</strong>e'N n n 2below• Ibid. Lib. J. Cap. II. p.

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