wherein all the reason and philosophy of atheism is confuted, and

Chap. IV. a^^d Theophraftus, Mo7tarchifts, 419Mind, and which is aJfo to him the jirfi God \ the other feminine^ as it werethe mother of the gods, which is to him the foul of the univerfe : b.fideswhich he acknowledgeth the heaven to be divine, that is, animated with aparticular foul of its own, and the fiery ftars to be celeftial gods, as he affertedalfo certain fublunary gods, viz. the invifible demons. Where inftcadof the Platonick trinity, Xenocrates feems to have acknowledged onlya duality of divine hypoftafes ; the firft calLd a Monad and Mind, thefecond a Dyad and Soul of the univerfe. And laftly, we have this teftimonyof Theophraflu!, bcfides other?, cited out of his Metaphyficks, S-.-i* yi^Tra'vTwi/ A^y/i, 4i' ?,- uTTxvla. xx\ tVl >^ J'lJi/xE.fi, There is one divine principle of allthings, by or from which all things fubfiji and remain.iXXV. The Stoicks and their chief do(5tors, Zeno, Cleanthes and Chryfippus,were no better naturalifts and metaphyficians than HeraclituSf in whofefootfteps they trode ; they in like manner admitting no other fubftance befidesbody,according to the true and proper notion thereof, as that which isnot only Sixrcciov, dijtant and extended, but alfo avTiTi,7rs», refifling and impenetrable.So that, according to thefc Stoicks, the fouls not only of otheranimals, but of men alfo, were properly corporeal, that is, fubftances impenetrablyextended; and which differed from that other part of theirs,'commonly called their body, no otherwife than that they were o-^ua ajatcTffovx«i A£7r7o/f j/j-ffoK, a more thin andfubtile body, and -TJi^^x 'iv^io^ov, a hotand fiery fpirit : it being fuppofed by thefe philofophers, that cogitation,reafon, and underllanding, are lodged only in the firy matter of the univerfe.And though the generality of thefe Stoicks acknowledged human fouls tohave a certain permanency after death, and fome of them till the next conflagration,(unkfs perhaps they fhould be crufhed and broken all to pieces,in their paflige out of the body, by the down-fall of fome tower, fteeple,or the like upon them) yet did they all conclu le againfl; their immortality,there being nothing at all immortal with them (as fliall be afterwards de-.clared) dve tn\y Jupiter, or the one fupreme Deity. And as for the pu»nifliment of wicked fouls after death, though fome of them feem to haveutterly exploded the fame, as a meer figment of poets, (infomuch, thatEpicfetus ^ himflf denies there was any /I heron, Cocytus, or Phlegethon)yet others granted, that as the better fouls after death did mount up to theftars, their firft original, fo the wicked wandred up and down here m certaindark and miry fubterraneous places, till at length they were quite extinft.Neverthelefs, they fecm to have been all of this perfuafion, thatthe frightning of men with punifliments after death was na proper nor accommodatemeans to promote virtue, becaufe that ought to be purfued aftecfor its own fake, or the good of honefty, as vice to be avoided for thatevil of turpitude which is. in it, and not for any other external evil confequentthereupon. Wherefore Chryft^pus reprehended P/a/o for fubjoiningto his republick fuch afFrightful ftories of punifhments after death, (pn-y^'v p^^^^ ^^»'« Offluf CCTTolplTrStV TM OCTli TMl/ SfWb' (^oSlf, Tllf aVl/.l*?, TOU Ki^ixAou' iv^id- Stoic. l^(f,QXirlovp- 104.0.'Thefe are the words of Chryftppus, pre- * Arrisn. ia Epiftct. Libk, IIJ. Cag. XUhferved by Plutarch, Libra de Repugnantiis Stoi-i p. 293corum, p. 1052, Tom. II. Oper..