Joint Pub 1-02: DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
Joint Pub 1-02: DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
Joint Pub 1-02: DOD Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms
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JOINT PUB 1-<strong>02</strong>1J.!;
A lar";": ~or.ty <strong>of</strong> joint doctrine (<strong>and</strong> its supportinq tactics, techniques,<strong>and</strong> p:u·· ;.·--:~!:1tJres) has been <strong>and</strong> is ~ei11q developed by the us Armed Forcesthrow~v~-, the co!Qbined efforts <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Staff, Services, <strong>and</strong> combatantcornrncu~:tr;. The following chart di~plays an overview <strong>of</strong> the developmentproces:;, :for these publications.~~KiNG A JOINT PUB I ---P·~OGAAMDsRECnYEJOINTPUB·----• ___ ...,,....._---0CD ·.v- ®. ~--Al.l :r:.··lnt .doctrine <strong>and</strong> tactics,. t~chniques,. <strong>and</strong> procedures are organizedinto t.:-: comprehensive hierarchy.·- · Jc)~nt · <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong> is located in therefe.t:1:'.;noe series <strong>of</strong> joint public~tion~. ·..I JOINT DOCTRINE~BUCAnO.NS'HIERARCHY......._....,.. ·_ ., . _:..... .:N·-IJoi~t <strong>Pub</strong> 1-01,. "<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong>lication .~ystem,." provides a cletailed list ot.all joint publications. <strong>Joint</strong> pub~ .are also available on CD-ROM throughthe <strong>Joint</strong> Electronic Library (~) ~----. ;_· For information,. contact: <strong>Joint</strong>Doctrine Division, J-7, 7000 Joi11t ··staff Pentaqon, Washington, D.C.20318-7000.
e. Only approved pubs <strong>and</strong> test pubs are releasable outside thecombatant comm<strong>and</strong>s, Services, <strong>and</strong> <strong>Joint</strong> Staff. Release <strong>of</strong> anyjoint publicatidn to foreign governments or foreign nationalsmust be requested through the local embassy (Defense AttacheOffice) to DIA P~reign Liaison Branch, C-AS1, Room 1A674,Pentagon, Washington, D.C. 20301-6111.9. The lead agent <strong>and</strong> <strong>Joint</strong> Staff doctrine sponsor for thispublication is the Director, J-7~For the Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff:EnclosureT. R. PATRICKColonel, USASecretary, <strong>Joint</strong> Staff2
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>. ·~ .. .'·~ .. .•Distributioet ·... '"By Secretlly, <strong>Joint</strong> Staff:<strong>Joint</strong> StaffFEMANDUCIOOSDDISAMCCDCNSADIAJEWCCIADLAAFSCJWFCDMAJDCUSELEMNORADDNADISA-JIEOAdditional copies may be obtained from the Secretary,<strong>Joint</strong> Staff (Documents Division).Five copies each to:USCGTwenty-five copies each to:USA COMUSPACOMUSSOCOMUSCENTCOMUSSOUTHCOMUSSTRATCOMOffices <strong>of</strong> CSA, CNO, CSAF, CMC,USEUCOMUSSPACECOMUSTRANSCOMAdditional copies should be obtained from the <strong>Military</strong> t ,Service assigned administrative supp~~t responsibility byt :<strong>DOD</strong> Directive 5100.3, 1 November 198b. "Support <strong>of</strong> the ·'Headquarters <strong>of</strong> Unified~ Specified, <strong>and</strong> Subordinate <strong>Joint</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>s."By <strong>Military</strong> Services:Army:Air Force:Navy:US Army AG <strong>Pub</strong>lication Center2800 Eastern BoulevardBaltimore, MD 21220-2898Air Force <strong>Pub</strong>lications Distribution Center2800 Eastern BoulevardBaltimore, MD 21220-2896CO, Navy Aviation Supply OfficeDistribution Division (Code 03443)5801 Tabor Ave~biladelphia, PA 19120-5000~ ..Marine Corps Logistics BaseAlbany, GA 31704-5000Marine ~orps:Coast Guard:Coast Guard Headquarters, COMDT (G-REP)2100 2nd Street, SWWashington, D.C. 20593-00013
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<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>e,.•DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE DICTIONARY OF MILITARYt••AND ASSOCIATED TERMS~RECORD OF CHANGESCHANGE COPY DATE OF DATE POSTEDNUMBER NUMBER CHANGE ENTERED BY REMARKSIn accordance with the procedures contained in <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong>1-01, change recommendations to this publication will beforwarded to:Urgent: TO: JOINT STAFF WASHINGTON DC//J7-JDD//Routine:""Operational Plans <strong>and</strong>·InteroperabilityDirectorate, J-7, JDD7000 <strong>Joint</strong> Staff PentagonWashington, D.C. 20318-7000i
.&.'( LIST OF EFFECTIVE PAGESThe following is a list <strong>of</strong> effective pages. Use this list toverify the currency <strong>and</strong> completeness <strong>of</strong> your document.. An~"0" indicates a page in the original document.- _..PAGECHANGEPAGECHANGEi thru xii1 thru 42200A-1 thru A-10B-1 thru B-9000Deleted pages:None.ii\
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>•DBRARTMENT OF DEFENSE DICTIONARY OF MILITARY~ AND ASSOCIATED TERMSfPREFACE1. Purpose. This publication sets forth st<strong>and</strong>ard militaryterminology to govern the joint activities <strong>and</strong> performance <strong>of</strong>the Armed Forces <strong>of</strong> the United States in joint operations aswell as the terminology basis for US military involvement inmultinational <strong>and</strong> interagency operations. It providesmilitary terminology for use by the Armed Forces in preparingtheir appropriate plans •. It is not the intent <strong>of</strong> thispublication to restrict the authority <strong>of</strong> the joint forcecomm<strong>and</strong>er (JFC) from organizing the force <strong>and</strong> executing themission in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate to ensureunity <strong>of</strong> effort in the accomplishment <strong>of</strong> the overall mission.2. Application. <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>, "The <strong>DOD</strong> <strong>Dictionary</strong> <strong>of</strong><strong>Military</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Associated</strong> <strong>Terms</strong>," is promulgated for m<strong>and</strong>atoryuse by the Office <strong>of</strong> the Se~retary <strong>of</strong> Defense, <strong>Military</strong>Departments, <strong>Joint</strong> Staff, combatant comm<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> Defenseagencies.3. Scope. <strong>DOD</strong> terminology herein is to be used withoutalteration unless a distinctly different context orapplication is intended. To provide a common interpretation<strong>of</strong> terminology at home <strong>and</strong> abroad, US <strong>of</strong>ficials participatingin either NATO or other allied activities will use the terms<strong>and</strong> definitions designated for the allied activity inquestion. When an allied st<strong>and</strong>ard for a term or definitiondoes not exist, the <strong>DOD</strong> term or definition (if any) will takeprecedence.NOTE:The United States is a signatory to NATOSt<strong>and</strong>ardization Agreement (STANAG) 3680, whichratifies the "NATO Glossary <strong>of</strong> <strong>Terms</strong> <strong>and</strong> Defini~ions(English <strong>and</strong> French)" (AAP-6). Under the provisions<strong>of</strong> STANAG 3680, AAP-6 is established as the primaryglossary for NATO. The United States carries outits obligation to implement STANAG 3680 bypublishing the <strong>DOD</strong> <strong>and</strong> NATO aligned terminology <strong>of</strong>AAP-6 (English only) in <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>.Additionally, Appendix A contains the Englishversion <strong>of</strong> all currently approved NATO-only termsless the definition.4. Criteria for <strong>Terms</strong>a. Not adequately defined in a st<strong>and</strong>ard dictionary {forNATO, The Concise Oxford <strong>Dictionary</strong>).. i '\iii" \
. 0b. Gen,~al military or associated significance. Atechnical or specialized term may be included if it canbe defined in easily understood language <strong>and</strong> its 0inclusion is <strong>of</strong> general military or associatedsignificance.c. Weapon terms limited to important modern weapons.d. Unless there are special reasons to the contrary,terms <strong>and</strong> definitions are not to be composed <strong>of</strong>, norshould they contain, ·abbreviations <strong>and</strong> acronyms.e. UNCLASSIFIED terms <strong>and</strong> definitions ~.5. Other POP Pictionaries. Dictionaries or glossaries forjoint usage will be issued or published ONLY AFTER beingapproved by the Director for Operational Plans <strong>and</strong>Interoperability (J-7), <strong>Joint</strong> Staff.6. New <strong>Pub</strong>lication Format. This edition has been publishedin a new format containing three parts:a. Main Body. This part <strong>of</strong> the dictionary contains allterms <strong>and</strong> definitions approved for use within theDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense, to include those terms <strong>and</strong>definitions that are jointly approved for both <strong>DOD</strong> <strong>and</strong>NATO use .. Those terms approved for both <strong>DOD</strong> <strong>and</strong> NATO useare marked with an asterisk within parentheses, i.e., (*).b. Appendix A. Appendix A contains the English version<strong>of</strong> all currently approved NATO-only terms less thedefinition. The definitions for these terms may be foundin the current version <strong>of</strong> AAP-6.c. Appendix B. Appendix B contains a listing <strong>of</strong> currentabbreviations <strong>and</strong> acronyms approved for use within theDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense..f\iv
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>.7. Terminology Points <strong>of</strong> Contact_,a. Joi\t <strong>Military</strong> Terminology Group (JMTGl~(1) Office, <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Military</strong> Terminology Group•Operational Plans <strong>and</strong> InteroperabilityDirectorate, J-7, JDDChairman, <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Military</strong> Terminology Group7000 <strong>Joint</strong> Staff PentagonWashington, D.C. 20318~7000Tel: (703)· 614-6663FAX:DSN: 224-6663(703) 697-6322DSN: 227-6322(2) <strong>Military</strong> Service RepresentativesArmy:US ArmyHQDA, ODCSOPS (DAMO-FDQ)Washington, D.C. 20310-0460Tel: (703) 697-6949DSN: 227-6949FAX: (.703) 614-2896DSN: 224-2896Navy:Chief <strong>of</strong> Naval OperationsDepartment <strong>of</strong> the NavyN511EWashington, D.C. 20350-2000Tel: (703) 693-3906DSN: 223-3906FAX: (703) 614-5530DSN: 224-5530Air Force:HQ USAF /XOXD1480 Air Force, PentagonWashington, D.C. 20330-5057Tel: (703) 697-0498DSN: 227-0498FAX: (703) 697-<strong>02</strong>13DSN: 227-<strong>02</strong>13•v__ '\
.Marine Corps:Coast Guard:Doctrine DivisionTerminology Branch (C427)Marine Corps Combat Development Comm<strong>and</strong>Quantico, VA 22134-5<strong>02</strong>1Tel: (703) 640-3608/3609PSN: 278-3608/3609FAX: (703) 640-2532DSN: 278-2532US Coast Guard Headquarters(OD0-1)2100 2nd St., swWashington, D.C. 20593-0001.Tel: (2<strong>02</strong>) 267-1505FAX: (2<strong>02</strong>) 267-4278b. <strong>DOD</strong> Terminology Points <strong>of</strong> Contact0(1) OSD (Office <strong>of</strong> the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense>WHS Directives DivisionRm. 2A286, The PentagonWashington, D.C. 20301-1155Tel: (703) 697-4111DSN: 227-4111(2) <strong>Joint</strong> Staff (Washington. D.C, 20318)r\(a)(b)Manpower <strong>and</strong> Personnel Directorate (J-1)<strong>Military</strong> Secretariat1000 <strong>Joint</strong> Staff PentagonWashington, D.C. 20318-1000Tel: (703) 697-9644DSN: 227-9644Operations Directorate (J-3)Office <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Military</strong> Secretariat3000 <strong>Joint</strong> Staff PentagonWashington, D.C. 20318-3000Tel: (703) 695-0808DSN: 225-0808vi
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>L(c)(d)(e)• : 1" •• ".1;;.: .'' .:j-} . i .. ~Logistics ~irectorate (J-4)Logistic Planning Division4000 <strong>Joint</strong> Staff PentagonWashington, D.C. 20318-4000Tel: (703) 697-0595DSN: 227-0595FAX: (703) 697-2<strong>02</strong>4DSN: 227-2<strong>02</strong>4Strategic Plans <strong>and</strong> Policy Directorate (J-5}Policy Division5000 <strong>Joint</strong> Staff PentagonWashington, D.C. 20318-5000Tel: (703) 693-2742. DSN: 223-2742Comm<strong>and</strong>, Control, Communications, <strong>and</strong>Computer Systems Directorate (J-6)C4 Architecture <strong>and</strong> Integration Division6000 <strong>Joint</strong> Staff PentagonWashington, D.C. 20318-6000Tel: (703) 693-5332DSN:· 223-5332(f) Operational Plans <strong>and</strong> InteroperabilityDirectorate (J-7)7000 .<strong>Joint</strong> Staff PentagonWashington, D.C. 20318-7000(g)Tel: (703) 614-6663DSN: 224-6663FAX: (703) 697-6322DSN: 227-6322Force Structure, Resources, <strong>and</strong> AssessmentDirectorate (J-8)Office <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Military</strong> Secretariat8000 <strong>Joint</strong> Staff PentagonWashington, D.C. 20318-8000Tel: (703) 614-9764DSN: 224-9764\ '"vii1.._ \\
(h) US <strong>Military</strong> Communications-Electronics., . Board (USMCEB)Hl Washington, D.C. 20318-6100Tel: (703) 614-7924DSN: 224-7924FAX: ( 703) 693-3322DSN: 223-3322(3) Defense Agencies(a)(b)(c)(d)Defense Information Systems Agency (DISA)JIEO, ·C3I Support Division11440 Isaac Newton Square, NorthReston, VA 22090-5006Tel: (703) 487-8341DSN: 364-8341Defense Intelligence Agency (DIA)Attn: J2P-1Rm. 1C760, PentagonWashington, D.C. 20340-5037Tel: (703) 695-7380DSN: · 225-7380FAX: ( 703) 69·3-5744DSN: 223-5744Defense Logistics Agency (DLA)Attn: XAMRm. 54117Cameron StationAlex<strong>and</strong>ria, VA 22314-6100Tel: (703) 274-6234DSN: 284-6234Defense Mapping Agency (DMA)Attn: PRC8613 Lee HighwayFairfax, VA 22031-2137Tel: (703) 285-9329DSN: 356-9329FAX: (703) 285-9383DSN: 294-9383viii
f'~·(e)(f). \ ~.:. 4\ ·-; .,'; .~~ ~; ~ir · i -~~ ;·~ ;;.~ [ i, . . ,Defense Nuclear Agency (DNA)Attn: NOEAHybla Valley Federal BuildingAlex<strong>and</strong>ria, VA 22310-3398Tel: (703) 325-1031DSN: 221-1031FAX: (703) 325-2952DSN: 221-2952National Security·Agency (NSA)Central Security ServiceAttn: . N-511Rm. 2A256, PentagonWashington, D.C. 20301-1155Tel: ( 301) 688-7819DSN: 235-7819FAX: (301) 688-4448DSN: 235-4448<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>(4) Combatant Comm<strong>and</strong>s(a)US Atlantic Comm<strong>and</strong> (USACOM)Attn: J7251562 Mitscher Ave, Suite 200Norfolk, VA 23511-5100Tel: (804) 444-8626DSN: 564-8626FAX: (804) 444-6587DSN: 564-6587(b)US Central Comm<strong>and</strong> (USCENTCOM)Attn: CCJ5-0P7115 S Boundary BlvdMacDill AFB, FL 33621-5101·.Tel: (813) 830-6444DSN: 968-6444FAX: (813) 830-5917DSN: 968-5917ix
l'·'(c)(d)(e)US European Comm<strong>and</strong> (USEUCOM)Attn: CHF, ECJ5-DUnit 30400, Box 1000APO AE 09128-4209Tel: 049-711-680-5277/5278DSN: 430-5277/5278FAX: 011-49-711-680-7218DSN: 430-1218US Transportation Comm<strong>and</strong> (USTRANSCOM)Attn: TCJ5-SP508 Scott DriveScott AFB, .IL 62225-7001Tel: ( 618) 256-6895DSN: 576-6895FAX: (618) .256-2917DSN: 576-2917US Pacific Comm<strong>and</strong> (USPACOM)Attn: J34Box 64013Camp H. M. Smith, HI 96861-4013Tel: (808) 477-1164DSN: 477-1164FAX: 808-477-2851DSN: 477-2851~\(f) US Southern Comm<strong>and</strong> (USSOUTHCOM)Attn: SCJ5-PSDUnit 1150APO AA 34003-5000Tel: 011-507-82-3362/4513DSN: 282-3362/4513FAX: 011-507-82-3308DSN: 282-3308(g)US Space Comm<strong>and</strong> (USSPACECOM)Attn: J5X250 S Peterson Blvd, Suite 116Peterson AFB, CO 80914-3130Tel: (719) 554-3164DSN: 692-3164FAX: (719) 554-5493DSN: 692-5493(\I
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>(h). . : ~· .,uS S~~~i~l,j:§~~'fatioiisAttn: SOJS-07701 Tampa Point BoulevardMacDill AFB, FL 33608-6001Comm<strong>and</strong> (USSOCOM)i Tel: ( 813) 828-4185DSN: 968-4185FAX: (813) 830-3485DSN: 968-3485(i) US Strategic Comm<strong>and</strong> (USSTRATCOM)Attn: J512901 SAC Boulevard Ste 2E-18Offutt AFB, NE 68113-6500Tel: ( 4<strong>02</strong>) 294-5781DSN: 271-5781FAX: ( 4<strong>02</strong>) 294-1035DSN: 271-1035xi
SAMPLE FORMAT FOR SUBMISSIONOF PROPOSED CHANGESTo:Subject:(Designated Terminology Point <strong>of</strong> Contact--Seelist in paragraph 7, this section.)Recommendation for Changes to the "<strong>DOD</strong><strong>Dictionary</strong> <strong>of</strong> <strong>Military</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Associated</strong> <strong>Terms</strong>(<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>)"1. The following changes.are recommended for <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>:a. Change: grazing fire--Fire WR~eR-ie approximatelyparallel to the ground aRe where the center <strong>of</strong> the cone<strong>of</strong> fire does not rise above eRe-ReitRe-ef-a-maR-eeaRaiRtone meter from the ground. See also fire.Reason:(State the reason for the recommended change,<strong>and</strong> include appropriate reference to sourcematerial, if applicable.)NOTE: For proposed changes, added words areunderlined, deleted words are lined through.b. Add: lines <strong>of</strong> communications--All the routes, l<strong>and</strong>,water, <strong>and</strong> air, which connect an operating military fore~with a base <strong>of</strong> operations <strong>and</strong> along which supplies <strong>and</strong>military forces move.Reason:(State the reason for the recommended addition<strong>and</strong> include appropriate reference to sourcematerial, if applicable.)c. Delete: frustrated cargo.Reason:(State the reason for deleting the term <strong>and</strong>include appropriate reference to sourcematerial, if applicable.)2. Point <strong>of</strong> contact for this action is: ____________________ __(name <strong>and</strong> rank or title)Tel. XXX-XXXXAddress <strong>of</strong> Submitting Office:xii
.. ·. ,.~ ."-.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>••'·A-4--See Skyhawk.A-6-See Intruder.A-7-See Corsair II.A-10-See Thunderbolt D.AADC-See area air defense comm<strong>and</strong>er.ABCCC-See airborne battlefield comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>control center.abeam(*)-Bearing approximately 090 degrees or270 degrees relative; at right angles to thelongitudinal axis <strong>of</strong> a vehicle.abeam replenishment(*)-The transfer at sea <strong>of</strong>personnel <strong>and</strong>/or supplies by rigs between twoor more ships proceeding side by side.abort(*).;.. 1. To terminate a mission for anyreason other than enemy action. It may occurat any point after the beginning <strong>of</strong> the mission<strong>and</strong> prior to its completion. 2. To discontinueaircraft take<strong>of</strong>f or missile launch.abrasion(*)-In photography, a scratch or markproduced mechanically on an emulsion surfaceor film base.absolute altimeter(*)-Radio or similar apparatusthat is designed to indicate the true verticalheight <strong>of</strong> an aircraft above the terrain.absolute altitude(*)-The height <strong>of</strong> an aircraftdirectly above the surface or terrain over whichit is flying. See also altitude.absolute dud-A nuclear weapon which, whenlaunched at or emplaced on a target, fails toexplode.Aabsolute filter(*)-A filter capable <strong>of</strong> cutting <strong>of</strong>f100% by weight <strong>of</strong> solid particles greater thana stated micron size.absorbed dose(*)-The amount <strong>of</strong> energy impartedby nuclear (or ionizing) radiation to unit mass<strong>of</strong> absorbing material. The unit is the rad.AC-130-See Hercules.acceptability-Operation plan review criterion.The determination whether the contemplatedcourse <strong>of</strong> action is worth the cost in manpower,material, <strong>and</strong> time involved; is consistent withthe law <strong>of</strong> war; <strong>and</strong> militarily <strong>and</strong> politicallysupportable. See also adequacy; completeness;feasibility; suitability.·access to classified information-The ability <strong>and</strong>opportunity to obtain knowledge <strong>of</strong> classifiedinformation. Persons have access to classifiedinformation if they are permitted to gain knowledge<strong>of</strong> the information or if they are in aplace where they would be expected to gain· such knowledge. Persons do not have access toclassified information by being in a placewhere classified information is kept if securitymeasures prevent them from gaining knowledge<strong>of</strong> the information.accidental attack-An unintended attack whichoccurs without deliberate national design as adirect result <strong>of</strong> a r<strong>and</strong>om event, such as amechanical failure, a simple human error, oran unauthorized action by a subordinate.accidental war-Not to be used. See accidentalattatk.accompanyiDg supplies-Unit supplies that deploywith forces.1
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>accountability-The pbligation imposed by law orlawful order or 'regulation on an <strong>of</strong>ficer orother person for keeping accurate record <strong>of</strong>propeny, documents, or funds. The personhaving this obligation may or may not haveactual possession <strong>of</strong>. the propeny, documents,or funds. Accountability is concerned primarilywith records, while responsibility is concernedprimarily with custody, care, <strong>and</strong> satekeeping.See also responsibility.accounting line designator-A five-character codeconsisting <strong>of</strong> the target desired ground zerodesignator <strong>and</strong> the striking comm<strong>and</strong> suffix toindicate a specific nuclear strike by a specifiedweapon delivery system on a target objective tothe operation plan. Also called ALD.accreditation-In computer modeling <strong>and</strong> simulation,an <strong>of</strong>ficial detennination that a model orsimulation is acceptable for a specific purpose.See also configuration management; independentreview; validation; verification. .accuracy <strong>of</strong> fire(*)-The precision <strong>of</strong> fire expressedby the closeness <strong>of</strong> a grouping <strong>of</strong> shotsat <strong>and</strong> around the center <strong>of</strong> the target.accuracy <strong>of</strong> information-See evaluation.acknowledgment(*)-A message from the addresseeinforming the originator that his or hercommunication has been received <strong>and</strong> is understood.aclinic line-See magnetic equator.ACO-See airspace control order.acoustical surveillance-Employment <strong>of</strong> electronicdevices, including sound-recording, -receiving,or -transmitting equipment, for the collection <strong>of</strong>information.acoustic circuit(*)-A mine circuit which respondsto the acoustic field <strong>of</strong> a target. See also mine.acoustic intelligence(*)-lntelligence derived fromthe collection <strong>and</strong> processing <strong>of</strong> acoustic phenomena.acoustic jamming-The deliberate radiation orreradiation <strong>of</strong> mechanical or electroacousticsignals with the objectives <strong>of</strong> obliterating orobscuring signals which the enemy is attemptingto receive <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> deterring enemy weaponsystems. See also barrage jamming; electronicwarfare; jamming; spot jamming.acoustic mine(*)-A mine with an acoustic circuitwhich responds to the acoustic field <strong>of</strong> a shipor sweep. See also mine.acoustic minehunting(*)-The use <strong>of</strong> a sonar todetect mines or mine-like objects which may beon or protruding from the seabed, or buried ..acoustic warfare(*)-Action involving the use <strong>of</strong>underwater acoustic energy to detennine,exploit, reduce or prevent hostile use <strong>of</strong> theunderwater acoustic spectrum <strong>and</strong> actionswhich retain friendly use <strong>of</strong> the underwateracoustic spectrum. There are three divisionswithin acoustic warfare: 1. acoustic warfaresuppon measures. That aspect · <strong>of</strong> acousticwarfare involving actions to search for, intercept,locate, record <strong>and</strong> analyze radiated acousticenergy in water for purpose <strong>of</strong> exploitingsuch radiations. The use <strong>of</strong> acoustic warfaresuppon measures involves no intentional underwateracoustic emission <strong>and</strong> is generally notdetectable by the enemy. 2. acoustic warfarecountermeasures. That aspect <strong>of</strong> acousticwarfare involving actions taken to prevent orreduce an enemy's effective use <strong>of</strong> the underwateracoustic spectrum. Acoustic warfarecountermeasures involve intentional underwateracoustic emissions for deception <strong>and</strong> jamming.3. acoustic warfare counter-countermeasures.That aspect <strong>of</strong> acoustic warfare involvingactions taken to ensure friendly effective use <strong>of</strong>the underwater acoustic spectrum despite theenemy's use <strong>of</strong> underwater acoustic warfare.2
.;;,_.••..Acoustic warf~e counter-countermeasuresinvolve anti-ac<strong>of</strong>tic warfare support measures<strong>and</strong> anti-acoustidwarfare countermeasures, <strong>and</strong>may not involve4fnderwater acoustic emissions.acoustic warfare counter-countermeasures-Seeacoustic warfare Part 3.acoustic warfare countermeasures-See acousticwarfare Part 2. ·acoustic warfare support measures-See -acousticwarfare Part 1.ACP-See airspace control plan.acquire-I. When applied to acquisition radars,the process <strong>of</strong> detecting the presence <strong>and</strong>location <strong>of</strong> a target in sufficient detail to permitidentification. 2. When applied to trackingradars, the process <strong>of</strong> positioning a radar beamso that a target is in that beam to permit theeffective employment <strong>of</strong> weapons. See alsotarget acquisition.acquire (radar)-See acquire.acquisition-See collection (acquisition).action agent-In intelligence usage, one who basaccess to, <strong>and</strong> perfonns actions against, thetarget.action deferred-Tactical action on a specifictrack is being withheld for better tactical advantage.Weapons are available <strong>and</strong> commitmentis pending.•action informatio~ center-See air defense controlcenter; co~ information center.activate(*)-1. To put into existence by <strong>of</strong>ficialorder a unit, post, camp, station, base or shoreactivity which has previously been constituted<strong>and</strong> designated by name or number, or both, sothat it can be organized to function in its as-~- .~; ' ' -· . . .<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>signed capacity. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 2. To prepare foractive service a naval ship or craft which hasbeen in an inactive or reserve status. See also· commission; constitute •activation detector(*)-A device used to determineneutron flux or density by virtue <strong>of</strong> the radioactivityinduced in it as a result <strong>of</strong> neutron capture.active aircraft-Aircraft currently <strong>and</strong> activelyengaged in supporting the flying missions eitherthrough direct assigmnent to operational unitsor in the preparation for such assigmnent orreassignment through any <strong>of</strong> the logistic processes<strong>of</strong> supply, maintenance, <strong>and</strong> modification.See also aircraft.active air defense(*)-Direct defensive actiontaken to nullify or reduce the effectivenes~<strong>of</strong>hostile air action. It includes such measur asthe use <strong>of</strong> aircraft, air defense weapons, w pons not used primarily in an air defense r le,<strong>and</strong> electronic warfare. See also air defense.active communications satellite-See communicatiomsatellite.active defeose-The employment <strong>of</strong> limited <strong>of</strong>fensiveaction <strong>and</strong> counterattacks to deny a contestedarea or position to the enemy. See alsopassive defense.active duty-Full-time duty in the active militaryservice <strong>of</strong> the United States. This includesmembers <strong>of</strong> the Reserve Components servingon active duty or full-time training duty, butdoes not include full-time National Guard duty.Also called AD. See also active duty fortraining; inactive duty training.active duty for special work-A tour <strong>of</strong> activeduty fo.r . reserve personnel authorized frommilitary <strong>and</strong> reserve personnel appropriationsfor work on active or reserve componentprograms. This includes annual screening,3
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>training camp olations, training ship operations,<strong>and</strong> unit nversion to new weaponsystems when sue duties are essential. Activeduty for special work may also be authorized tosuppon study groups, training sites <strong>and</strong> exercises,shon-term projects, <strong>and</strong> doing administrativeor suppon functions. By policy, activeduty for special work tours are normally limitedto 139 days or less in one fiscal year.Tours exceeding 180 days are accountableagainst active duty end strength.active duty for trainiDg-A tour <strong>of</strong> active dutywhich is used for training members <strong>of</strong> theReserve Components to provide trained units<strong>and</strong> qualified persons to fill the needs <strong>of</strong> theArmed Forces in time <strong>of</strong> war or national emergency<strong>and</strong> such other times as the nationalsecurity requires. The member is under orderswhich provide for return to non-active statuswhen the period <strong>of</strong> active duty for training iscompleted. It includes annual training, specialtours <strong>of</strong> active duty for training, school tours,<strong>and</strong> the initial duty for training performed bynonprior service enlistees.active homing guidance(*)-A system <strong>of</strong> homingguidance wherein both the source for illuminatingthe target <strong>and</strong> the receiver for detecting theenergy reflected from the target as the result <strong>of</strong>the illumination are canied within the missile.·See also guidance.active material(*)-Material, such as plutonium<strong>and</strong> cenain isotopes <strong>of</strong> uranium, which iscapable <strong>of</strong> supponing a fiSsion chain reaction.active mine(*)-A doe to be actuated by thereflection from a fset <strong>of</strong> a signal emitted bythe mine.active status-Status <strong>of</strong> all Reserves except thoseon an inactive status list or in the RetiredReserve. Reservists in an active status maytrain for points <strong>and</strong>/or pay <strong>and</strong> may be consideredfor promotion.activity-1. A unit, organization, or installationperforming a function or mission, e.g., receptioncenter, redistribution center, naval station,naval shipyard. 2. A function or mission,e.g., recruiting, schooling. See also establishment.actual ground zero(*)-The point on the surface<strong>of</strong> the Eanh at, or venically below or above,the center <strong>of</strong> an actual nuclear detonation. Seealso desired ground zero; ground zero.actuate(•)-To operate a mine-firing mechanismby an influence or a series <strong>of</strong> influences in sucha way that all the requirements <strong>of</strong> the mechanismfor firing, or for registering a targetcount, are met.actuator(*)-A mechanism that furnishes the foirequired to displace a control surface or othcontrol element.acute radiation dose(*)-Total ionizing radiationdose received at one time <strong>and</strong> over a period soshon that biological recovery cannot occur.ACV -See air cushion vehicle.AD-See active duty.additional training assemblies-Inactive dutytraining periods authorized for selected individualsto panicipate in specialized training or insuppon <strong>of</strong> training. These are in addition tothe training periods an individual attends as apan <strong>of</strong> unit training.adequacy-Operation plan review criterion. Thedetermination whether the scope <strong>and</strong> concept <strong>of</strong>a planned operation are sufficient to accomplishthe task assigned. See also acceptability;completeness; feasibility; suitability.acijust-An order to the observer or spotter toinitiate an adjustment on a designated target.4
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>adjust fu-e(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresuppon: 1. .Al order or request to initiate anadjustment <strong>of</strong> fire. 2. A method <strong>of</strong> controltransmitted in tfte call for fire by the observeror spotter to indicate that he will control theadjustment.adjustment-See adjustment <strong>of</strong> ru-e.adjustment <strong>of</strong> ru-e(*)-Process used in artillery<strong>and</strong> naval gunfire to obtain correct bearing,range, <strong>and</strong> height <strong>of</strong> burst (if time ·fuzes areused) when engaging a target by observed frre.See also spot.administration-!. The management <strong>and</strong> execution<strong>of</strong> all military matters not included instrategy <strong>and</strong> tactics. 2. Internal management<strong>of</strong> units.administrative airlift service-The airlift servicenormally provided by specifically identifiableaircraft assigned to organizations or comm<strong>and</strong>sfor internal administration.administrative chain <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>(*)-The normalchain <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> for administration~ Seealso chain <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>; operational chain <strong>of</strong>comm<strong>and</strong>.administrative control(*)-Direction or exercise<strong>of</strong> authority over subordinate or other organiza- ·tions in respect to administrative matters suchas personnel management, supply," services,<strong>and</strong> other matters not included in the operationalmissions <strong>of</strong> the subordinate or other organizations.See alto combatant comm<strong>and</strong> (comm<strong>and</strong>authoritf); comm<strong>and</strong>; control; fullcomm<strong>and</strong>; o~tional comm<strong>and</strong> (no longerused by <strong>DOD</strong>), operational control; tacticalcontrol.administrative escort(*)-A warship or merchantship under naval control, carrying a convoyconunodore <strong>and</strong> his staff, serving as a platformfor simultaneous communication with an operationalcontrol authority <strong>and</strong> a coastal convoy.administrative l<strong>and</strong>ing-An unopposed l<strong>and</strong>inginvolving debarkation from vehicles which havebeen administratively loaded. See also administrativeloading; administrative movement;logistics over-the-shore operations.administrative lead time-The interval betweeninitiation <strong>of</strong> procurement action <strong>and</strong> letting <strong>of</strong>contract or placing <strong>of</strong> order. See also procurementlead time.administrative loading(*)-A loading systemwhich gives primary consideration to achievingmaximum utilization <strong>of</strong> troop <strong>and</strong> cargo spacewithout regard to tactical considerations.Equipment <strong>and</strong> supplies must be unloaded <strong>and</strong>soned before they can be used. ~::Jtsoloadiug. Also called commercial I~ •administrative map-A map on which is graphicallyrecorded information penaining to administrativematters, such as supply <strong>and</strong> evacuationinstallations, personnel installations, medicalfacilities, collecting points for stragglers <strong>and</strong>enemy prisoners <strong>of</strong> war, train bivouacs, service<strong>and</strong> maintenance areas, main supply roads,traffic circulation, boundaries, <strong>and</strong> other detailsnecessary to show the administrative situation.See also map.administrative mardl-See administrative movement.administrative movement(*)-A movement inwhich troops <strong>and</strong> vehicles are arranged toexpedite their movement <strong>and</strong> conserve time <strong>and</strong>energy when no enemy interference, except byair, is anticipated. (<strong>DOD</strong>) Also called administrativemardl.administrative order(*)-An order coveringtraffic, supplies, maintenance, evacuation,personnel, <strong>and</strong> other administrative details.5
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>administrative sbipl!._ing-Support shipping that iscapable <strong>of</strong> transpcfrting troops <strong>and</strong> cargo fromorigin to destination, but which cannot beloaded or unloaded without non-organic personnel<strong>and</strong>/or equipment; e.g., stevedores, piers,barges, boats. See also administrative loading;administrative movement.advance-A request from a spotter to indicate thedesire that the illuminating projectile burstearlier in relation to the subsequent bursts <strong>of</strong>high explosive projectiles. ·advanced base(*)-A base located in or near atheater <strong>of</strong> operations whose primary mission isto support military operations.advanced· fleet anchorage-A secure anchoragefor a large number <strong>of</strong> naval ships, mobilesupport units <strong>and</strong> auxiliaries located in or neara theater <strong>of</strong> operations. See emergency anchorage.advanced l<strong>and</strong>ing field(*)-An airfield, usuallyhaving minimum facilities, in or near an objectivearea. See also airfield.advanced operations base-In special operations,a small temporary base established near orwithin a joint special operations area to comm<strong>and</strong>,control, <strong>and</strong>/or support training ortactical operations. Facilities are nonnallyaustere. The base may be ashore or afloat. Ifashore, it may include an airfield or unimprovedairstrip, a pier, or an anchorage. Anadvanced operations base is nonnally controlled<strong>and</strong>/or supported W a main operations base ora forward operati~ base. Also called AOB.See also forw~ operations base; m8inoperations base. -advance · force(*)-A temporary organizationwithin the amphibious task force which precedesthe main body to the objective area. Itsfunction is to participate in preparing theobjective for the main assault by conductingsuch operations as reconnaissance, seizure <strong>of</strong>supporting positions, minesweeping, preliminarybombardment, underwater demolitions,<strong>and</strong> air support.advance guard-Detachment sent ahead <strong>of</strong> themain force to ensure its uninterrupted advance;to protect the main body against surprise; t<strong>of</strong>acilitate the advance by removing obstacles,<strong>and</strong> repairing roads <strong>and</strong> bridges; <strong>and</strong> to coverthe deployment <strong>of</strong> the main body if it is cotpmittedto action. --advance guard reserve-Second <strong>of</strong> the two mainparts <strong>of</strong> an advance guard, the other being theadvance guard support. It protects the mainforce <strong>and</strong> is itself protected by the advanceguard support. Small advance guards do nothave reserves.advance guard support-First <strong>of</strong> the two rilaifparts <strong>of</strong> an advance guard, the other being :tadvance guard reserve. It is ~de up <strong>of</strong> threesmaller elements, in order from front to rear,the advance guard point, the advance party,<strong>and</strong> the support proper. The advance guardsupport protects the advance guard reserve.advance to contact(*)-An <strong>of</strong>fensive operationdesigned to gain or reestablish contact with theenemy. See also approach march.advene weather-Weather in which militaryoperations are generally restricted or impeded.See also marginal weather.advisory area(*)-A designated area within aflight information region where air trafficadvisory service is available.Aegis-A totally integrated shipboard weaponsystem that combines computers, radars, <strong>and</strong>missiles to provide a defense umbrella forsurface shipping. The system is capable <strong>of</strong>automatically detecting, tracking, <strong>and</strong> destroy-6
••.· .•• ·.,..>r\~:<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>ing airborne, seaborne, <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>-launchedweapons. raerial picket-See aiir picket.aerial port-An airfield that has been designatedfor the sustained air movement <strong>of</strong> personnel<strong>and</strong> materiel, <strong>and</strong> to serve as an authorized portfor entrance into or departure from the countryin which located.aerial port squadron-An Air Force organizationwhich operates <strong>and</strong> provides the functionsassigned to aerial ports, including processingpersonnel <strong>and</strong> cargo, rigging for airdrop,packing parachutes, loading equipment, preparingair cargo <strong>and</strong> load plans, loading <strong>and</strong>securing aircraft, ejecting cargo for inflightdelivery, <strong>and</strong> supervising units engaged inaircraft loading <strong>and</strong> unloading operations.aerodynamic missile(*)-A missile which usesaerodynamic forces to maintain its flight path,generally employing propulsion guidance. Seealso ballistic missile; guided missile.aeromedical evacuation-The movement <strong>of</strong> patientsunder medical supervision to <strong>and</strong> betweenmedical treatment facilities by air transportation.aeromedical evacuation control center(*)-Thecontrol facility established by the comm<strong>and</strong>er<strong>of</strong> an air transport division, air force, or aircomm<strong>and</strong>. It operates in conjunction with thecomm<strong>and</strong> movement control center <strong>and</strong> coordinatesoverall medical requirements with airliftcapability. It 4o assigm medical missions tothe appropriate~ aeromedical evacuation elementsin the sys'm <strong>and</strong> monitors patient move.ment activities.aeromedical evacuation control <strong>of</strong>ficer-An<strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong> the air transport force or air comm<strong>and</strong>controlling the flow <strong>of</strong> patients by air.aeromedical evacuation system-A system whichprovides: a. control <strong>of</strong> patient movement byair transport; b. specialized medical attendants<strong>and</strong> equipment for inflight medical care; c.facilities on or in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> air strips <strong>and</strong>air bases, for the limited medical care <strong>of</strong> intransitpatients entering, en route via, or leavingthe system; <strong>and</strong> d. communication witholiginating, destination, <strong>and</strong> en route medicalfacilities concerning patient transportation.aeromedical evacuation unit-An operationalmedical organization concerned primarily withthe management <strong>and</strong>. control <strong>of</strong> patients beingtransported via an aeromedical evacuationsystem or system echelon. See also forwardaeromedical evacuation.aeronautical chart-A specialized representation<strong>of</strong> mapped features <strong>of</strong> the Earth, or some ~art<strong>of</strong> it, produced to show selected terrain, cuiEal<strong>and</strong> hydrographic features, <strong>and</strong> suppleme talinformation required for air navigation, pi otage,or for planning air operations.aeronautical information overprint(*)-Additionalinformation . which isprinted or stamped on a map or chart for thespecific purpose <strong>of</strong> air navigation.aeronautical plotting chart(*)-A chart designedfor.the graphical processes <strong>of</strong> navigation.aerospace-Of, or pertaining .to, Earth's envelope<strong>of</strong> atmosphere <strong>and</strong> the space above it; twoseparate entities considered as a single realmfor activity in launching, guidance, <strong>and</strong> control<strong>of</strong> vehicles that will travel in both entities.aerospace control operations-The employment <strong>of</strong>air forces, supported by ground <strong>and</strong> navalforces, as appropriate, to achieve militaryobjectives in vital aerospace areas. Suchoperations include destruction <strong>of</strong> enemy aerospace<strong>and</strong> surface-to-air forces, interdiction <strong>of</strong>enemy aerospace operations, protection <strong>of</strong> vital7
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>air lines <strong>of</strong> communication, <strong>and</strong> the establishment<strong>of</strong> local milit(ry superiority in areas <strong>of</strong> airoperations.aerospace defense-1. All defensive measuresdesigned to destroy attacking enemy aircraft,missiles, <strong>and</strong> space vehicles after they leave theEanh's surface, or to nullify or reduce theeffectiveness <strong>of</strong> such attacks. 2. An inclusiveterm encompassing air defense <strong>and</strong> spacedefense. See also air defense; space defense.aerospace projection operations-See l<strong>and</strong>, sea,or aerospace projection operatioos.afTiliation with the Department <strong>of</strong> Defeuse-Persons,groups <strong>of</strong> persons, or organizations are .considered to be affiliated with the Department<strong>of</strong> Defense if they are: a. employed by, orcontracting with, the Department <strong>of</strong> Defense orany activity under the jurisdiction <strong>of</strong> the Department<strong>of</strong> Defense, whether on a full-time,pan-time, or consultative basis; b. members <strong>of</strong>the Armed Forces on active duty, NationalGuard members, or those in a reserve or retiredstatus; c. residing ·on, authorized accessto, or conducting or operating any business orother function at any <strong>DOD</strong> installation orfacility; d. authorized access to defense information;e.' panicipating in other authorized<strong>DOD</strong> programs; or f. applying or being consideredfor any status described above. ·afloat support(*)-A form <strong>of</strong> logistic supponoutside the confmes <strong>of</strong> a harbor in which fuel,ammunition, <strong>and</strong> supplies are provided foroperating forces either underway or at anchor.·See also floating 'ase support.&AFSOB-See Air Folce special operatioos base.AFSOC-See Air Force special operatioos component.AFSOD-See Air Force special operatioos detachment.AFSOE-See Air Force spedal operatioos element.AFSOF-See Air Force special operatioos forces.afterbuming(*)-1. The characteristic <strong>of</strong> somerocket motors to bum irregularly for some timeafter the main burning <strong>and</strong> thrust has ceased.2. The process <strong>of</strong> fuel injection <strong>and</strong> combustionin the exhaust jet <strong>of</strong> a turbojet engine (aftor to the rear <strong>of</strong> the turbine).afterwinds-Wind currents set up in the vicinity <strong>of</strong>a nuclear explosion directed toward the burstcenter, resulting from the updraft accompanyingthe rise <strong>of</strong> the ftreball.agency(*)-ln intelligence usage, an organizationor individual engaged in collecting <strong>and</strong>/ orprocessing information. See also agent; inteufgence cycle; source. Also called collecti<strong>of</strong>agency.agent-In intelligence usage, one who is authorizedor instructed to obtain or to assist in obtaininginformation for intelligence or counterintelligencepurposes.agent authentication-The technical suppon task<strong>of</strong> providing an agent with personal documents,accoutrements, <strong>and</strong> equipment which have theappearance <strong>of</strong> authenticity as to claimed origin<strong>and</strong> which suppon <strong>and</strong> are consistent with theagent's cover story.agent net-An organization for cl<strong>and</strong>estine purposeswhich operates under the direction <strong>of</strong> aprincipal agent.age <strong>of</strong> moon(*)-The elapsed time, usually expressedin days, since the last new moon.aggressor forces-1. Forces engaged in aggressivemilitary action. 2. In the context <strong>of</strong>training exercises, the "enemy" created to addrealism in training maneuvers <strong>and</strong> exercises.f8
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>This method relfaces the less realistic system<strong>of</strong> fictional "red" <strong>and</strong> "blue" annies.fAGM-28A-See Hound Dog.AGM-45-See Shrike.AGM-53-See Condor.AGM-65-See Maverick.AGM-69-See short range attack misslle.AGM-78-See St<strong>and</strong>ard Arm.AGM-84A-See Harpoon.agonic line(*)-A line drawn on a map or chartjoining points <strong>of</strong> zero magnetic declination fora specified year date. See also magneticdeclination.agreed point(*)-A predetermined point on theground, identifiable from the air, <strong>and</strong> usedwhen aircraft assist in fire adjustment.AH-lJ-See Sea Cobra.AIM-7-See Sparrow.AIM-9-See Sidewinder.AIM-S4A-See Phoenix.air(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire support, aspotting, or an observation, by a spotter or an•observer to indiCate that a burst or group <strong>of</strong>bursts occurred -before unp· act.'i.air alert-See airborne alert; air defeuse warningconditions; alert; ground alert.air attack-1. coordinated-A combination <strong>of</strong> twoor more types <strong>of</strong> air attack (dive, glide, low-level)in one strike, using one or more types <strong>of</strong>aircraft. 2. deferred-A procedure in whichattack groups rendezvous as a single unit. It isused when attack groups are launched frommore than one station with their departure onthe mission being delayed pending furtherorders. 3. divided-A method <strong>of</strong> delivering acoordinated air attack which consists <strong>of</strong> holdingthe units in close tactical concentration up to apoint, then splitting them to attack an objectivefrom different directions.airborne(*)-1. In relation to personnel, troopsespecially trained to effect, following transportby air, an assault debarkation, either by parachutingor touchdown .. 2. In relation to equipment,pieces <strong>of</strong> equipment that have beenespecially designed for use by airborne troopsduring or after an assault debarkation. It alsodesignates some aeronautical equipment used toaccomplish a particular mission. 3. W1Jenapplied to materiel, items that form an integralpart <strong>of</strong> the aircraft. 4. The state <strong>of</strong> an fir-•craft, from the instant it becomes entirelysustained by air until it ceases to be so sustained.A lighter-than-air aircraft is not consideredto be airborne when it is attached to theground, except that moored balloons are airbornewhenever sent al<strong>of</strong>t. See also air transportableunit.airborne alert(*)-A state <strong>of</strong> aircraft readinesswherein combat-equipped aircraft are airborne<strong>and</strong> ready for immediate action. See als<strong>of</strong>ighter cover. (<strong>DOD</strong>) It is designed to reducereaction time <strong>and</strong> to increase the survivabilityfactor. See also combat air patrol; groundalert; fighter cover.airborne assault-See assault phase.airborne assault weapon-An unarmored, mobile,full-tracked gun providing a mobile antitankcapability for airborne troops. Can be airdropped.airborne battlefield comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> controlcenter-A United States Air Force aircraft9
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>equipped with cotpmunications, data link, <strong>and</strong>display equipmenf: it may be employed as anairborne comman4 post or a communications<strong>and</strong> intelligence relay facility. Also calledABCCC.airborne comm<strong>and</strong> post(*)-A suitably equippedaircraft used by the comm<strong>and</strong>er for the control<strong>of</strong> his or her forces.airborne early warning-The detection <strong>of</strong> .enemyair or surface units by radar or other equipmentcarried in an airborne vehicle, <strong>and</strong> the transmitting<strong>of</strong> a warning to friendly units.airborne early warning <strong>and</strong> control(*)-Airsurveillance <strong>and</strong> control provided by airborneearly warning aircraft which are equipped withsearch <strong>and</strong> height-fmding radar <strong>and</strong> communicationsequipment for controlling weaponsystems. See also air picket.airborne force(*)-A force composed primarily <strong>of</strong>ground <strong>and</strong> air units organized, equipped, <strong>and</strong>trained for airborne operations. See als<strong>of</strong>orce(s).airborne interception equipnent(*)-A firecontrol system, including radar equipment,installed in interceptor aircraft used to effect airinterception.airborne Uft-The total capacities expressed intenns <strong>of</strong> personnel· <strong>and</strong> cargo that are, or canbe, carried by available aircraft in one trip.airborne operation.,An operation involving theair movement into-:an objective area <strong>of</strong> combatforces <strong>and</strong> their l
:i,:~··.:.. ..<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>air cartographic camera(*)-A camera having theaccuracy <strong>and</strong> other characteristics essential forair survey or cartographic photography. Alsocalled mapping camera.air cartographic photography(*)-The taking <strong>and</strong>processing <strong>of</strong> air photographs for mapping <strong>and</strong>charting purposes.air comm<strong>and</strong>-A major subdivision <strong>of</strong> the AirForce; for operational purposes, it .nonnallyconsists <strong>of</strong> two or more air forces. See alsocomm<strong>and</strong>.air control-See air controller; air traffic controlcenter; airway; area control center; combatzone; control <strong>and</strong> reporting center; controlarea; controlled airspace; control zone;interceptor controller; tactical air controlcenter; tactical air controller; terminal controlarea.air controller(*)-An individual especially trainedfor <strong>and</strong> assigned the duty <strong>of</strong> the control (by use<strong>of</strong> radio, radar, or other means) <strong>of</strong> such aircraftas may be allotted to him for operation withinhis area. See also air traffic controller; airweapons controller; tactical air controller.air corridor(*)-A restricted air route <strong>of</strong> travelspecified for use by friendly aircraft <strong>and</strong> establishedfor the purpose <strong>of</strong> preventing friendlyaircraft from being fired on by friendly forces.aircraft-See active aircraft; inactive aircraftinventory; nonprogram aircraft; programaircraft; reserve aircraft; supporting aircraft;unit airttaft.::1aircraft arresting · barrier(*)-A device, notdependent on an aircraft hook, used to engage<strong>and</strong> absorb the forward momentum <strong>of</strong> anemergency l<strong>and</strong>ing or an aborted take<strong>of</strong>f. Seealso aircraft arresting system.aircraft arresting cable(*)-That pan <strong>of</strong> an aircraftarresting gear which spans the runwaysurface or flight deck l<strong>and</strong>ing area <strong>and</strong> isengaged by the aircraft arresting system. Alsocalled aircraft arresting wire. .aircraft arresting gear(*)-A device used toengage hook-equipped aircraft to absorb theforward momentum <strong>of</strong> a routine or emergencyl<strong>and</strong>ing or aborted take<strong>of</strong>f. See also aircraftarresting system.aircraft arresting hook(*)-A device fitted to anaircraft to engage arresting gear. See alsoaircraft arresting system.aircraft arresting system(*)-A series <strong>of</strong> componentsused to engage an aircraft <strong>and</strong> absorb theforward momentum <strong>of</strong> a routine or emergencyl<strong>and</strong>ing or an aborted take<strong>of</strong>f. See also furcraftarresting barrier; aircraft arres~gear; aircraft arresting hook.aircraft arresting wire-See aircraft arrestingcable. See also aircraft arresting system.aircraft arrestment(*)-Controlled stopping <strong>of</strong> anaircraft by external means.aircraft block speed-True airspeed in knotsunder zero wind conditions adjusted in relationto length <strong>of</strong> sortie to compensate for take<strong>of</strong>f,climbout, letdown, instrument approach, <strong>and</strong>l<strong>and</strong>ing.aircraft captain-See aircraft comm<strong>and</strong>er.aircraft comm<strong>and</strong>er(*)-The aircrew memberdesignated by competent authority as being incomm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> an aircraft <strong>and</strong> responsible for itssafe operation <strong>and</strong> accomplishment <strong>of</strong> theassigned mission.aircraft control <strong>and</strong> warning system-A systemestablished to control <strong>and</strong> report the movement<strong>of</strong> aircraft. It consists ·<strong>of</strong> observation facilities11
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>(radar, passive ~1ectronic, visual, or othermeans), control center, <strong>and</strong> necessary communications.aircraft cross-servicing(*)-Services performed onan aircraft by an organization other than that towhich the aircraft is assigned, according to anestablished operational aircraft cross-servicingrequirement, <strong>and</strong> for which there may be acharge. Aircraft cross-servicing has beendivided into two categories: a. Stage A crossservicing:The servicing <strong>of</strong> aircraft on airfields/shipswhich enables flights to be made toanother airfield/ship. The servicing includesrefueling, replenishment <strong>of</strong> fluids <strong>and</strong> gases,drag chutes (if applicable), staning facilities,<strong>and</strong> ground h<strong>and</strong>ling. b. Stage B cross-servicing:The servicing <strong>of</strong> aircraft on airfields/shipswhich enables the aircraft to beflown on an operational mission. The servicingincludes all Stage A services plus the loading <strong>of</strong>weapons <strong>and</strong>/or film, including the processing<strong>and</strong> interpretation <strong>of</strong> any exposed film from theprevious mission. See also aircraft tnmsientservicing.aircraft loading table(*)-A data sheet used bythe force unit comm<strong>and</strong>er containing informationas to the load that actually goes into eachaircraft.aircraft mission equipment(*)-Equipment thatmust be fitted to an aircraft to enable it t<strong>of</strong>ulfill a particular mission or task. Also calledaircraft role equipment.aircraft modificatio~•)-A change in the physicalcharacteristics <strong>of</strong> ~rcraft, accomplished eitherby a change in pr~uction specifications or byalteration <strong>of</strong> items already produced.aircraft monitoring <strong>and</strong> control-That equipmentinstalled in aircraft to permit monitoring <strong>and</strong>control <strong>of</strong> sating, arming, <strong>and</strong> fuzing functions<strong>of</strong> nuclear weapons or nuclear weapon systems.aircraft piracy-Any seizure or exercise <strong>of</strong> control,by force or violence or threat <strong>of</strong> force orviolence or by any other form <strong>of</strong> intimidation<strong>and</strong> with wrongful intent, <strong>of</strong> an aircraft withinthe special aircraft jurisdiction <strong>of</strong> the UnitedStates.aircraft repair-The process <strong>of</strong> restoring aircraftor aircraft material to a serviceable condition.aircraft role equipment-See aircraft missionequipment.aircraft scrambling(*)-Directing the inunediatetake<strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> aircraft from a ground alert condition<strong>of</strong> readiness.aircraft store(*)-Any device intended for internalor external carriage <strong>and</strong> mounted on aircraftsuspension <strong>and</strong> release equipment, whether cirnot the item is intended to be separated in fligl{tfrom the aircraft. Aircraft stores are classifiedin two categories as follows: a. Expendablestore-An aircraft store normally separatedfrom the aircraft in flight such as a missile,rocket, bomb, nuclear weapon, mine, torpedo,pyrotechnic device, sonobuoy, signal underwatersound device, or other similar items. b.Nonexpendable store-An aircraft store whichis not normally separated from the aircraft inflight such as a tank (fuel <strong>and</strong> spray), linesourcedisseminator, pod (refueling, thrustaugmentation, gun, electronic attack, data link,etc.), multiple rack, target, cargo drop container,drone or other similar items. See alsopayload.aircraft tiedown-Securing aircraft when parkedin the open to restrain movement due to theweather or condition <strong>of</strong> the parking area. Seealso aircraft picketing.aircraft transient servidng(*)-Services performedon an aircraft by an organization otherthan that to which the aircraft is assigned, <strong>and</strong>12
j•!.._"' . l" ',•' l' It~ : '<strong>Joint</strong><strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>for which there may be a charge.aircraft cross.Rrvicing.See alsoair defense artillery-Weapons <strong>and</strong> equipment foractively combatting air targets from the ground.-·aircraft utilization-Average numbers <strong>of</strong> hoursduring each 24-hour period that an aircraft isactually in flight.aircraft vectoring(*)-The directional control <strong>of</strong>in-flight aircraft through transmission <strong>of</strong> azimuthheadings.air cushion vehicle-A vehicle capable ·<strong>of</strong> beingoperated so that its weight, including its payload,is wholly or significantly supported on acontinuously generated cushion or "bubble" <strong>of</strong>air at higher than ambient pressure. Alsocalled ACV. (Note: NATO uses the term"ground effect machine".)air data computer-See central air data computer.air defense-All defensive measures designed todestroy attacking enemy aircraft or missiles inthe Earth's envelope <strong>of</strong> atmosphere, or tonullify or reduce the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> suchattack. See also active air defense; aerospace·defense; passive air defense.air defense action area(*)-An area <strong>and</strong> theairspace above it within which friendly aircraftor surface-to-air weapons are normally givenprecedence in operations except under specifiedconditions. See also air .defense operatioosarea.air defense area-l. overseas-A specificallydefmed airspace:for which air defense must be .planned <strong>and</strong> provided. 2. United States-Airspace<strong>of</strong> defin~ dimensions designated by theappropriate agency within which the readycontrol <strong>of</strong> airborne vehicles is required in theinterest <strong>of</strong> national security during an air defenseemergency.air defense battle zone-A volume <strong>of</strong> airspacesurrounding an air defense fire unit or defendedarea, extending to a specified altitude <strong>and</strong>range, in which the fire unit comm<strong>and</strong>er willengage <strong>and</strong> destroy targets not identified asfriendly under criteria established by higherheadquarters.air defense control center(*)-The principalinformation, communications, <strong>and</strong> operationscenter from which all aircraft, antiaircraftoperations, air defense anillery, guided missiles,<strong>and</strong> air warning functions <strong>of</strong> a specificarea <strong>of</strong> air defense responsibility are supervised<strong>and</strong> coordinated. Also called air defenseoperations center. See also combat informationcenter. ~tair defense direction center-An installationhaving the capability <strong>of</strong> performing air surveillance,interception, control, <strong>and</strong> direction <strong>of</strong>allocated air defense weapons within an assignedsector <strong>of</strong> responsibility. It may alsohave an identification capability.air defeuse division-A geographic subdivision <strong>of</strong>an air defense region. See also air defensesector.air defense early warniug-See early warning.air defense emergency-An emergency condition,declared by the Comm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, NonhAmerican Air Defense Conun<strong>and</strong>, that existswhen attack upon the continental United StateS,Alaska, Canada, or United States installations;in Greenl<strong>and</strong> by hostile aircraft or missiles isconsidered probable, is imminent, or is takingplace.air defense ground environment(*)-The network<strong>of</strong> ground radar sites <strong>and</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> controlcenters ~ithin a specific theater <strong>of</strong> operations13
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lwhich are used for the tactical control <strong>of</strong> airdefense operations.air defeuse identification zone-Airspace <strong>of</strong>defined dimensions within which the readyidentification, location, <strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> airbornevehicles are required. Also called ADIZ. Seealso air defeuse operatioDS area.air defense operations area-An area <strong>and</strong> ~eairspace above it within which procedures areestablished to minimize mutual interferencebetween air defense <strong>and</strong> other operations; itmay include designatiqn <strong>of</strong> one or more <strong>of</strong> thefollowing: air defense action area, air defensearea; air defense identification zone, <strong>and</strong>/orfirepower umbrella. See also air defenseaction area; air defense identification zone;f~.repower umbrella; positive identification<strong>and</strong> radar advisory zone.air defense operatioDS center-See air defeusecontrol center.air defense operatioos team-A team <strong>of</strong> UnitedStates Air Force ground environment personnelassigned to cenain allied air defense control<strong>and</strong> warning units/elements.air defen
. ·I;·"<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>direct delivery eliminates the traditional AirForce two step strategic <strong>and</strong> theater airlifttransshipment mission mix.air division-A unit or its headquarters, on a level<strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> above wing level, composed <strong>of</strong>two or more combat wings, ·but sometimesadapted to other organizational structures.airdrop-The unloading <strong>of</strong> personnel or materielfrom aircraft in flight. See also air~p platform;air movement; free drop; free fall;high- velocity drop; low-velocity drop.airdrop platform(*)-A base on which vehicles,cargo, or equipment ate loaded for airdrop orlow-altitude extraction. See also airdrop.air employment/allocation plan-The means bywhich subordinate comm<strong>and</strong>ers advise the jointforce comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> planned employment/allocation<strong>of</strong> organic or assigned assets,<strong>of</strong> any expected excess sonies, or <strong>of</strong> any additionalair suppon requirements.air facility-An installation from which air operationsmay be or are being conducted. See als<strong>of</strong>acility.airfield-An area prepared for the accommodation(including any buildings, installations, <strong>and</strong>equipment), l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> aircraft.See also advanced l<strong>and</strong>ing field; alternativeairfield; departure airfield; l<strong>and</strong>ing area;l<strong>and</strong>ing point; l<strong>and</strong>ing site; l<strong>and</strong>ing zone;main airfield; redeployment airfield; regroupairfield. <strong>DOD</strong> Note: In all entries involvingairfield or aerodrome, the US uses airfield,<strong>and</strong> NATO uses aerodrome. The tenns aresynonymous.airfield trafTic(*)-All traffic on the maneuveringarea <strong>of</strong> an airfield <strong>and</strong> all aircraft flying in thevicinity <strong>of</strong> an airfield~air ftre plan-A plan for integrating <strong>and</strong> coordinatingtactical air suppon <strong>of</strong> ground forces withother fire suppon.Air Force Component Headquarters-The fieldheadquaners facility <strong>of</strong> the Air Force comm<strong>and</strong>ercharged with the overall conduct <strong>of</strong> AirForce operations. It is composed <strong>of</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>section <strong>and</strong> appropriate staff elements.Air Force special operations base-That base,airstrip, or other appropriate facility that providesphysical support to Air Force specialoperations forces. The facility may be usedsolely to suppon Air Force special operationsforces or may be a portion <strong>of</strong> a larger basesupporting other operations. As a supponingfacility, it is distinct from the forces operc.tingfrom or being supponed by it. Also c.alledAFSOB. :Air Force special operations component-TheAir Force component <strong>of</strong> a joint force specialoperations component. Also called AFSOC.See also Army special operations component;Navy special operations component.Air Force special operations detachment-Asquadron-size headquarters, which could be acomposite organization composed <strong>of</strong> differentAir Force special operations assets. The detachmentis normally subordinate to an AirForce special operations component, jointspecial operations task force, or joint taskforce, depending upon size <strong>and</strong> duration <strong>of</strong> theoperation. Also called AFSOD.Air Force special operations element-An element-sizeAir Force special operations headquarters.It is normally subordinate to an AirForce special operations component or detachment,depending upon size <strong>and</strong> duration <strong>of</strong> theoperation. Also called AFSOE.Air Force special operations forces-Those active<strong>and</strong> reserve component Air Force forces desig-15
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>nated by the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense that arespecifically organized, trained, <strong>and</strong> equipped toconduct <strong>and</strong> support special operations. Alsocalled AFSOF.airframe-1. The structural components <strong>of</strong> anairplane, including the framework <strong>and</strong> skin <strong>of</strong>such parts as the fuselage, empennage, wings,l<strong>and</strong>ing gear (minus tires), <strong>and</strong> engine mounts.2. The framework, envelope, <strong>and</strong> cabin <strong>of</strong> anairship. 3. The assembled principal structuralcomponents, less propulsion system, control,electronic equipment, <strong>and</strong> payload, <strong>of</strong> a missile.air ground operations system(*)-An Army/AirForce system providing the ground comm<strong>and</strong>erwith the means for receiving, processing <strong>and</strong>forwarding the requests <strong>of</strong> subordinate groundcomm<strong>and</strong>ers for air support missions <strong>and</strong> forthe rapid dissemination <strong>of</strong> information <strong>and</strong>intelligence.airhead(*)-1. A designated area in a hostile orthreatened territory which, when seized <strong>and</strong>held, ensures the continuous air l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong>troops <strong>and</strong> materiel <strong>and</strong> provides the maneuverspace necessary for pr~jected operations.Normally it is the area seized in the assaultphase <strong>of</strong> an airborne operation. 2. A designatedlocation in an area <strong>of</strong> operations used as abase for supply <strong>and</strong> evacuation by air. See alsobeachhead; bridgehead.air intercept control common-A tactical air-togroundradio frequency, monitored by all airintercept control facilities within an area, whichis used as a backup for other discrete tacticalcontrol frequencies.air interception-To effect visual or electroniccontact by a friendly aircraft with anotheraircraft. Normally, the air intercept is conductedin the following five phases: a. climbphase-Airborne to cruising altitude. b. ma·oeuver phase-Receipt <strong>of</strong> initial vector to target16until beginning transition to attack speed <strong>and</strong>altitude. c. transition phase-Increase ordecrease <strong>of</strong> speed <strong>and</strong> altitude required for theattack. d. attack phase-Tum to attack heading,acquire target, complete attack, <strong>and</strong> tum tobreakaway heading. e. recoveryphase-Breakaway to l<strong>and</strong>ing. See also broadcastcontrolled air interception; dose controlledair interception.air intercept zone-A subdivided part <strong>of</strong> thedestruction area in which it is planned to destroyor defeat the enemy airborne threat withinterceptor aircraft. See also destruction area.air interdiction(*)-Air operations conducted tod~troy, neutralize, or delay the enemy's militarypotential before it can be brought to beareffectively against friendly forces at suchdistance from friendly forces that detailedintegration <strong>of</strong> each air mission with the fire alidmovement <strong>of</strong> friendly forces is not required.air l<strong>and</strong>ed(*)-Moved by air <strong>and</strong> disembarked, or ~\unloaded, after the aircraft has l<strong>and</strong>ed or whilea helicopter is hovering. See also air movement.air-launched ballistic missile-A ballistic missilelaunched from an airborne vehicle.air Uaison <strong>of</strong>ficer-An <strong>of</strong>ficer (aviator/pilot)attached to a ground unit who functions as theprimary advisor to the ground comm<strong>and</strong>er onair operation matters.airlift capability-The total capacity expressed interms <strong>of</strong> number <strong>of</strong> passengers <strong>and</strong>/orweight/cubic displacement <strong>of</strong> cargo that can becanied at any one time to a given destinationby available airlift. See also airlift requirement;allowable load; payload. ·airlift control center-An operations center wherethe detailed planning, coordinating, <strong>and</strong> taskingfor tactical airlift operations are accomplished.1\,
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>This is the focal point for communications <strong>and</strong>the source <strong>of</strong> control <strong>and</strong> direction for thetactical airlift forces. Also called ALCC.airlift requirement(*)-The total number <strong>of</strong> passengers<strong>and</strong>/or weight/cubic displacement <strong>of</strong>cargo required to be carried by air for a specifictask. See also airlift capability.airlift service-The performance or procurement<strong>of</strong> air transportation <strong>and</strong> services . incidentthereto required for the movement <strong>of</strong> persons,cargo, mail, or other goods.air logistic support-Support by air l<strong>and</strong>ing orairdrop, including air supply, movement <strong>of</strong>personnel, evacuation <strong>of</strong> casualties <strong>and</strong> enemyprisoners <strong>of</strong> war, <strong>and</strong> recovery <strong>of</strong> equipment<strong>and</strong> vehicles.air logistic support operation(*)-An air operation,excluding an airborne operation, conductedwithin a theater to distribute <strong>and</strong> recoverpersonnel, equipment <strong>and</strong> supplies.ai.rmiss-See near miss.air mission-See mission.air mission intelligence report-A detailed report<strong>of</strong> the results <strong>of</strong> an air mission, including acomplete intelligence account <strong>of</strong> the mission.airmobile forces(*)-The ground combat, supporting<strong>and</strong> air vehicle units required to conduct anairmobile operation.airmobile operation(*)-An operation in whichcombat forces <strong>and</strong> their equipment move aboutthe battlefield by aircraft to engage in groundcombat.airmobility(*)-A capability <strong>of</strong> airmobile forceswhich permits them to move by air whileretaining the ability to engage in ground combat.Air Mobility Comm<strong>and</strong>-The Air Force ComponentComm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> the US Transportation Comm<strong>and</strong>.Also called AMC.air movement(*)-Air transport <strong>of</strong> units, personnel,supplies <strong>and</strong> equipment including airdrops<strong>and</strong> air l<strong>and</strong>ings. See also airdrop; air l<strong>and</strong>ed;free drop; high velocity drop; low velocitydrop.air movement column-In airborne operations, thelead formation <strong>and</strong> the serials following, proceedingover the same flight path at the samealtitude.air movement table(*)-A table prepared by aground force comm<strong>and</strong>er in coordination withan air force comm<strong>and</strong>er. This form, issued asan annex to the operation order: a. Indicatesthe allocation <strong>of</strong> aircraft space to elements ·<strong>of</strong>the ground units to be airlifted; b. Designatesthe number <strong>and</strong> type <strong>of</strong> aircraft in each serial;c. Specifies the departure area, time <strong>of</strong> loading,<strong>and</strong> take<strong>of</strong>f.air/naval gunfire liaison company-An organizationcomposed <strong>of</strong> Marine <strong>and</strong> Navy personnelspecially qualified for shore control <strong>of</strong> navalgunfire <strong>and</strong> close air support. Also calledANGLICO.air observation-See air observer.air observation post-See observation post.air observer(*)-An individual whose primarymission is to observe or take photographs froman aircraft in order to adjust artillery fire orobtain military information.air observer adjustment-The correcting <strong>of</strong>gunfire from an aircraft. See also spot.air <strong>of</strong>fensive-Sustained operations by strategic<strong>and</strong>/or tactical air weapon systems againsthostile air forces or surface targets.17
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>air operations center-See tactical air controlcenter.air photographic reconnaissance(•)-The "obtaining<strong>of</strong> infonnation by air photography, dividedinto three types: a. Strategic photographicreconnaissance; b. Tactical photographicreconnaissance; <strong>and</strong> c. Survey/canographicphotography-air photography taken for survey/canographicalpurposes <strong>and</strong> to survey/cartographicst<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>of</strong> accuracy. It maybe strategic or tactical.air picket(*)-An airborne early warning aircraftpositioned primarily to detect, report, <strong>and</strong> trackapproaching enemy aircraft or missiles <strong>and</strong> tocontrol intercepts. See also alrbome earlywarning <strong>and</strong> control. Also called aerialpicket.air plot(*)-1. A continuous plot used in airnavigation <strong>of</strong> a graphic representation <strong>of</strong> trueheadings steered <strong>and</strong> air distances flown. 2. Acontinuous plot <strong>of</strong> the position <strong>of</strong> an airborneobject represented graphically to show trueheadings steered <strong>and</strong> air distances flown. 3.Within ships, a display that shows the positions<strong>and</strong> movements <strong>of</strong> an airborne object relative tothe plotting ship.airport-See airfield.air portable(*)-Denotes materiel which is suitablefor transport by an aircraft loaded internally orexternally, with no more than minor dismantling<strong>and</strong> reassembling within the capabilities <strong>of</strong>user units. This tenn must be qualified toshow the extent <strong>of</strong> air portability. See alsoload.airport surface detection equipment-Short-rangeradar displaying the airport surface. Aircraft<strong>and</strong> vehicular traffic operating on nmways,taxiways, <strong>and</strong> ramps, moving or stationary,may be observed with a high degree <strong>of</strong> resolution.airport surveillance radar-Radar displayingrange <strong>and</strong> azimuth that is normally employed ina tenninal area as an aid to approach- <strong>and</strong>departure-control.airport traffic area-Unless otherwise specificallydesignated, that airspace within a horizontalradius <strong>of</strong> five statute miles from the geographiccenter <strong>of</strong> any airport at which a control toweris operating, extending from the surface up to,but not including, an altitude <strong>of</strong> 3,000 feetabove the elevation <strong>of</strong> the airport.air position(*)-The calculated position <strong>of</strong> anaircraft assuming no wind effect.air priorities committee(*)-A committee set upto determine the priorities <strong>of</strong> passengers <strong>and</strong> ;cargo. See also air traDsport allocations ·board.air raid reportiug control sbip(*)-A ship towhich the air defense ship has delegated theduties <strong>of</strong> controlling air warning radar <strong>and</strong> airraid reporting.air reconnaissance-The acquisition <strong>of</strong> intelligenceinfonnation by employing visual observation<strong>and</strong>/or sensors in air vehicles.air reconnaissance liaison <strong>of</strong>ficer-An Army<strong>of</strong>ficer especially trained in air reconnaissance<strong>and</strong> imagery interpretation matters who isattached to a tactical air reconnaissance unit.This <strong>of</strong>ficer assists <strong>and</strong> advises the air comm<strong>and</strong>er<strong>and</strong> staff on matters concerning groundoperations <strong>and</strong> infonns the supported groundcomm<strong>and</strong>er on the status <strong>of</strong> air reconnaissancerequests.air request net-A high frequency, single sideb<strong>and</strong>,nonsecure net monitored by all tactic;air control parties (TACPs) <strong>and</strong> the air supP'operations center (ASOC) that allows imrrate requests to be transmitted from a T A.~ dt18
, ~ j I~ .; '. I<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>any Anny echelon directly to the ASOC forrapid response.air route(*)-The navigable airspace between twopoints, identified to the extent necessary for theapplication <strong>of</strong> flight rules.air route traffic control center-The principalfacility exercising en route control <strong>of</strong> aircraftoperating under instrument flight rules withinits area <strong>of</strong> jurisdiction. Approximately·26 suchcenters cover the United States <strong>and</strong> its possessions.Each has a communication capability toadjacent centers.air sovereignty-A nation's inherent right toexercise absolute control <strong>and</strong> authority over theairspace above its territory. See also air sovereigntymission.air sovereignty mission-The integrated tasks <strong>of</strong>surveillance <strong>and</strong> control, the execution <strong>of</strong>which enforces a nation's authority over itsterritorial airspace. See also air sovereignty.airspace control-see airspace control in th~combat zone.airspace control area(*)-Airspace which islaterally defined by the boundaries <strong>of</strong> the area<strong>of</strong> operations. The airspace control area maybe subdivided into airspace control sub-areas.airspace control authority(*)-The comm<strong>and</strong>erdesignated to assume overall responsibility forthe operation <strong>of</strong> the airspace control system inthe airspace contrel area... ..airspace control ooindary(*)-The lateral limits<strong>of</strong> an airspace control area, airspace controlsub-area, high density airspace control zone, orairspace restricted area.airspace control ceDter-The airspace controlauthority's primary airspace control facility,including assigned Service component, hostnation, <strong>and</strong>/or allied personnel <strong>and</strong> equipment.airspace control facility-Any <strong>of</strong> the severalService component, host nation, or alliedfacilities that provide airspace control in thecombat zone.airspace control in the combat zone-A process· used to increase combat effectiveness by promotingthe safe, efficient, <strong>and</strong> flexible use <strong>of</strong>airspace. Airspace control is provided in orderto prevent fratricide, enhance air defenseoperations, <strong>and</strong> pennit greater flexibility <strong>of</strong>operations. Airspace control does not infringeon the authority vested in comm<strong>and</strong>ers toapprove, disapprove, or deny combat operations.Also called combat airspace control;airspace control.airspace control order-An order implementihgthe airspace control plan that provides thedetails <strong>of</strong> the approved requests for airspacecontrol measures. It is published either as part<strong>of</strong> the air tasking order or as a separate document.Also called ACO.airspace control plan-The document approved bythe joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er that provides specificplanning guidance <strong>and</strong> procedures for theairspace control system for the joint force area<strong>of</strong> responsibility. Also called ACP.airspace control sector-A subelement <strong>of</strong> theairspace control area, established to facilitatethe control <strong>of</strong> the overall area. Airspace controlsector boundaries normally coincide withair defense organization subdivision boundaries .Airspace control sectors are designated inaccordance with procedures <strong>and</strong> guidancecontained in the airspace control plan in consideration<strong>of</strong> Service component, host nation, <strong>and</strong>allied airspace control capabilities <strong>and</strong> requirements.See also airspace control area.19
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>airspace control system(*)-An arrangement <strong>of</strong>those organizations, personnel, policies, procedures,<strong>and</strong> facilities required to perform airspacecontrol functions.airspace management-The coordination, integration,<strong>and</strong> regulation <strong>of</strong> the use <strong>of</strong> airspace <strong>of</strong>defined dimensions.airspace resenration-The airspace located abovean area on the surface <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong> or water,designated <strong>and</strong> set apart by Executive Order <strong>of</strong>the President or by a state, commonwealth, orterritory, over which the flight <strong>of</strong> aircraft isprohibited or restricted for the purpose <strong>of</strong>national defense or for other governmentalpurposes.airspace restrictions(*)-Special restrictive measuresapplied to segments <strong>of</strong> airspace <strong>of</strong> defmeddimensions.air space warning area-See daDger area.airspeed-The speed <strong>of</strong> an aircraft relative to itssurrounding air mass. The unqualified term"airspeed" can mean any one <strong>of</strong> the following:a. calibrated airspeed-Indicated airspeedcorrected for instrument installation error. b.equivalent airspeed-Calibrated airspeed correctedfor compressibility error. c. indicatedairspeed-The airspeed shown by an airspeedindicator. d. true airspeed-Equivalent airspeedcorrected for error due to air density(altitude <strong>and</strong> temperature).airspeed indicator~)-An...instrument whichdisplays the indi~ted airspeed <strong>of</strong> the aircraftderived from in{lits <strong>of</strong> pitot <strong>and</strong> static pressures.air spot-The correcting adjustment <strong>of</strong> gunfirebased on air observation.air staging unit(*)-A unit situated at an airfield<strong>and</strong> concerned with reception, h<strong>and</strong>ling, servic-ing, <strong>and</strong> preparation for departure <strong>of</strong> aircraft<strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> personnel <strong>and</strong> cargo.air station(*)-ln photogrammetry, the point inspace occupied by the camera lens at the moment<strong>of</strong> exposure.air strike-An attack on specific objectives byfighter, bomber, or attack aircraft on an <strong>of</strong>fensivemission. May consist <strong>of</strong> several air organizationsunder a single comm<strong>and</strong> in the air.air strike coordinator-The air representative <strong>of</strong>the force conun<strong>and</strong>er in a target area, who isresponsible for directing all aircraft in thetarget area <strong>and</strong> coordinating their efforts toachieve the most effective use <strong>of</strong> air strikingpower.air strip(*)-An unimproved surface which hisbeen adapted for take<strong>of</strong>f or l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> aircraft,usually having minimum facilities. See alsoairfield.air superiority(*)-That degree <strong>of</strong> dominance inthe air battle <strong>of</strong> one force over another whichpermits the conduct <strong>of</strong> operations by the former<strong>and</strong> its related l<strong>and</strong>, sea <strong>and</strong> air forces at agiven time <strong>and</strong> place without prohibitive interferenceby the opposing force.air supply(*)-The delivery <strong>of</strong> cargo by airdrop orair l<strong>and</strong>ing.air support(*)-All forms <strong>of</strong> support given by airforces on l<strong>and</strong> or sea. See also call mission;dose air support; immediate air support;indirect air support; preplanned air support;tactical air support.air support operations center(*)-An agency <strong>of</strong> atactical air control system collocated with acorps headquarters or an appropriate l<strong>and</strong> forceheadquarters, which coordinates <strong>and</strong> directsclose air support <strong>and</strong> other tactical air support.See also tactical air control center.20
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>•..air support radar t~-A subordinate' operationalcomponent <strong>of</strong> a tactical air control systemwhich provides · ground-controlled precisionflight path guidance <strong>and</strong> weapons release. Seealso armstrong •f L .> 4 :,"" ' • • '1.• <strong>of</strong> • • "1 'r~\_..f.,.!'air supremacy(•)-That degree <strong>of</strong> air superioritywherein the opposing air force is incapable <strong>of</strong>effective interference .air surface zone(•)-A restricted area establishedfor the purpose <strong>of</strong> preventing friendly surfacevessels <strong>and</strong> aircraft from being fired upon byfriendly forces <strong>and</strong> for pennitting antisubmarineoperations, unrestricted by the operation <strong>of</strong>friendly submarines. See also restricted area.·pan worldwide targeting requirements <strong>of</strong> theunified <strong>and</strong> specified comm<strong>and</strong>s, the <strong>Military</strong>Departments, <strong>and</strong> allied participants. It encompassesthe determination <strong>of</strong> production ·<strong>and</strong>coverage requirements, st<strong>and</strong>ardization <strong>of</strong>products, establishment <strong>of</strong> production priorities<strong>and</strong> schedules, <strong>and</strong> the production, distribution,storage, <strong>and</strong> release/exchange <strong>of</strong> productsincluded under it.Air Target Materials Program-A <strong>DOD</strong> programunder the management control <strong>of</strong> the DefenseMapping Agency established for <strong>and</strong> limited tothe production <strong>of</strong> medium- <strong>and</strong> large-scalemap, chan, <strong>and</strong> geodetic products which supairtarget mosaic-A large-scale mosaic providingphotographic coverage <strong>of</strong> an area <strong>and</strong> pennittingcomprehensive ponrayal <strong>of</strong> peninent targetdetail. These mosaics are used for intelligencestudy <strong>and</strong> in planning <strong>and</strong> briefing for airoperations.air surveillance(*)-The systematic observation <strong>of</strong>air space by electronic, visual or other means,primarily for the purpose <strong>of</strong> identifying <strong>and</strong>determining the movements <strong>of</strong> aircraft <strong>and</strong>missiles, friendly <strong>and</strong> enemy, in the air spaceunder observation. See also satellite <strong>and</strong>missile surveillance; surveillance.air surveillance <strong>of</strong>ficer(*)-An individual responsiblefor coordinating <strong>and</strong> maintaining anaccurate, current picture <strong>of</strong> the air situationwithin an assigned airspace area.air sun'ey camera-See air cartographic camera.air survey photography-see air cartographicphotography.air target chart-A display <strong>of</strong> pertinent air targetintelligence on a SpqGialized graphic base. It isdesigned prinwily J! suppon operations againstdesignated air targets by various weapon systems.f ..air termiDai-A facility on an airfield that functionsas an air transponation hub <strong>and</strong> accoiJlJmodates the loading <strong>and</strong> unloading <strong>of</strong> airlit{aircraft <strong>and</strong> the intransit processing <strong>of</strong> traffieJThe airfield may or may not be designated ~aerial pon.air-to-air pided missile(*)-An air-launchedguided missile for use against air targets. Seealso guided missile.air-to-surface guided missile(*)-An air-launchedguided missile for use against surface targets.See also guided missile.air tramc control <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>iq systems-Department<strong>of</strong> Defense facilities, personnel, <strong>and</strong>equipment (fiXed, mobile, <strong>and</strong> seaborne) withassociated avionics to provide safe, orderly,<strong>and</strong> expeditious aerospace vehicle movementsworldwide. Also called ATCALS. ·air tramc control ceoter(*)-A unit combiningthe functions <strong>of</strong> an area control center <strong>and</strong> aflight information center. See also area controlcenter; Oigbt information region.21
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lair traffic control d~ce(*)-Authorization byan air traffic contr9l authority for an aircraft toproceed under specified conditions.air traffic control fadllty-Any <strong>of</strong> the componentairspace control facilities primarily responsiblefor providing air traffic control services <strong>and</strong>, asrequired, limited tactical control services.air traffic controller-An air controller especiallytrained for <strong>and</strong> assigned to the duty <strong>of</strong> airspacemanagement <strong>and</strong> traffic control <strong>of</strong> airborneobjects. See also air controller.air traffic control service(*)-A service providedfor the purpose <strong>of</strong>: a. preventing collisions: (1)between aircraft; <strong>and</strong> (2) on the maneuveringarea between aircraft <strong>and</strong> obstructions; <strong>and</strong> b.expediting <strong>and</strong> maintaining an orderly flow <strong>of</strong>air traffic.air traffic ideatification-The use <strong>of</strong> electronicdevices, operational procedures, visual observation,<strong>and</strong>/or flight plan correlation for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> identifying <strong>and</strong> locating aircraftflying within the airspace control area.air traffic sedloa-The link between the stagingpost <strong>and</strong> the local air priority committee. . It isthe key to the efficient baDdling <strong>of</strong> passengen<strong>and</strong> cargo at a staging post. It must includeload control (including Customs <strong>and</strong> Immigrationsfacilities), freight, <strong>and</strong> mail sections.air tnmsportable mdt(*)-A unit other thanairborne, whose equipment is adapted for airmovement. See -~ airborne; airbomeoperation. ~... ~air tnmsport allo4itfo• board(*)-The jointagency responsible within the theater for theestablishment <strong>of</strong> airlift priorities <strong>and</strong> for spaceallocation <strong>of</strong> available aircraft capabilitiesallotted to the theater. See also air prioritiescommittee.air traDsported operations-The movemem byaircraft <strong>of</strong> troops <strong>and</strong> their equipment for anoperation.air transport group-A task organization <strong>of</strong>transpon aircraft units that provides air trans~n for l<strong>and</strong>ing force elements or provideslogutic suppon.air traasport liaison omcer(*)-An <strong>of</strong>ficer attachedfor air transpon liaison duties to aheadquaners or unit. See also ground liaisonomcer.air traDsport Uaison section(*)-A subunit <strong>of</strong> themovement control organization deployed toairfields <strong>and</strong> responsible for the control <strong>of</strong>service movement at the airfield in connectionwith air movement operations <strong>and</strong> exercises. .. ' fair traasport operatioas-See strategic air~ ;port operatioas; tactical air ti'BIBport opera.doas.ainray(*)-A control area or ponion there<strong>of</strong>established in the form <strong>of</strong> a corridor markedwith radio navigational aids. See also aircontrol.airways stadoa-A ground communication installationestablished, mamed, <strong>and</strong> equipped tocommunicate with aircraft in flight, as well aswith other designated airways installations, forthe purpose <strong>of</strong> expeditious <strong>and</strong> safe movements<strong>of</strong> aircraft. These swions may or may not belocated on designated airways.air weapoas controller-An individual especiallytrained for <strong>and</strong> assigned to the duty <strong>of</strong> employing<strong>and</strong> controlling air weapon systems againstairborne aDd surface objects.ALD-See accoUIItillg liDe designator; availableto-loaddate..<strong>02</strong>2
'.' ,.·''•alert(*)-1. Readiness for action, defense orprotection. 2. A warning signal <strong>of</strong> a real orthreatened danger, such as an air attack. 3.The period <strong>of</strong> time during which troops st<strong>and</strong>by in response to an alarm. 4. To forewarn;to prepare for action. See also airborne alert.(<strong>DOD</strong>) 5. A warning received by a unit or aheadquarters which forewarns <strong>of</strong> an impendingoperational mission. See also air defensewarning conditions; ground alert; warningorder.alert force-Specified forces maintained in aspecial degree <strong>of</strong> readiness.alerting service(*)-A service provided to notifyappropriate organizations regarding aircraft inneed <strong>of</strong> search <strong>and</strong> rescue aid, <strong>and</strong> assist suchorganizations as required.all available-A comm<strong>and</strong> or request to obtain thefire <strong>of</strong> all artillery able to deliver effective fireon a given target.allocation-In a general sense, distribution <strong>of</strong>limited resources ar.aong competing requirementsfor employment. Specific allocations(e.g., air sorties, nuclear weapons, forces, <strong>and</strong>transportation) ar~ described as allocation <strong>of</strong>air sorties, nuclear weapons, etc. See alsoallocation (air); allocation (nuclear); allocation(transportation); apportiomnent.allocation (air)-The translation <strong>of</strong> the apportionmentinto total numbers <strong>of</strong> sorties by aircrafttype available for each operation/task. See alsoallocation. , ~::;." --allocation (nuclearlf The apportiorunent <strong>of</strong> specificnumbers <strong>and</strong> types <strong>of</strong> nuclear weapons to acomm<strong>and</strong>er for a stated time period as a planningfactor for use in the development <strong>of</strong> warplans. (Additional authority is required for theactual deployment <strong>of</strong> allocated weapons tolocations desired by the comm<strong>and</strong>er to supportthe war plans. Expenditures <strong>of</strong> these weapons-~ :-\ . <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>are not authorized until released by properauthority.)allocation (transportation)-Apportiorunent bydesignated authority <strong>of</strong> available transportcapability to users.allotment-The temporary change <strong>of</strong> assigrunent <strong>of</strong>tactical air forces between subordinate comm<strong>and</strong>s..The authority to allot is vested in thecomm<strong>and</strong>er having combatant comm<strong>and</strong> (comm<strong>and</strong>authority). See also combatant comm<strong>and</strong>(comm<strong>and</strong> authority).all out war-Not to be used. See general war.allowable load(*)-The total load that an aircraftcan transport over a given distance, taking intoaccount weight <strong>and</strong> volume. See also airliftcapability; airlift requirement; combat load;load; payload; st<strong>and</strong>ard load. :all-purpose b<strong>and</strong>-held weapon-A lightweight,h<strong>and</strong>-held, small arms weapon capable <strong>of</strong>projecting munitions required to engage botharea- ind point-type targets.all-source intelligence-1. Intelligence products<strong>and</strong>/or organizations <strong>and</strong> activities that incorporateall sources <strong>of</strong> infonnation, including, mostfrequently, human resources intelligence,imagery intelligence, measurement <strong>and</strong> signatureintelligence, signals intelligence, <strong>and</strong> opensource data, in the production <strong>of</strong> finishedintelligence. 2. In intelligence collection, aphrase that indicates that in the satisfaction <strong>of</strong>intelligence requirements, all collection, processing,exploitation, <strong>and</strong> reporting systems <strong>and</strong>resources are identified for possible use <strong>and</strong>those most capable are tasked. See also intelligence.all-weather air defense fJ.ghter(*)-A fighteraircraft with equipment <strong>and</strong> weapons whichenable it to engage airborne targets in allweather conditions, day <strong>and</strong> night.23
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>alphabet code-See phonetic alphabet.ALSs-See naval advanced logistic support site.alternate airfield(*)-An airfield specified in theflight plan to which a flight may proceed whenit becomes inadvisable to l<strong>and</strong> at the airfield <strong>of</strong>intended l<strong>and</strong>ing. An alternate airfield may bethe airfield <strong>of</strong> departure.alternate comm<strong>and</strong> authority-One or morepredesignated <strong>of</strong>ficers empowered by the comm<strong>and</strong>erthrough predelegation <strong>of</strong> authority toact under stipulated emergency conditions inthe accomplishment <strong>of</strong> previously definedfunctions.alternate comm<strong>and</strong> post-Any location designatedby a conun<strong>and</strong>er to assume comm<strong>and</strong> postfunctions in the event the comm<strong>and</strong> post becomesinoperative. It may be partially or fullyequipped <strong>and</strong> manned or it may be the comm<strong>and</strong>post <strong>of</strong> a subordinate unit.alternate headquarters-An existing headquarters<strong>of</strong> a component or subordinate comm<strong>and</strong> whichis predesignated to assume the responsibilities<strong>and</strong> functions <strong>of</strong> another headquarters underprescribed emergency conditions.alternative airfield(*)-An airfield with minimalessential facilities for use as an emergencyl<strong>and</strong>ing ground9 or when main or redeploymentairfields are out <strong>of</strong> action, or as required fortactical flexibility. See also airfield.altimeter(*)-An i$rument which measuresvertical distance Fith respect to a referencelevel. ·altitude(*)-The vertical distance <strong>of</strong> a level, apoint or an object considered as a point9 measuredfrom mean sea level. See also absolutealtitude; critical altitude; density altitude;drop altitude; elevation; height; high alti-)tude; minimum safe altitude; pressure altitude;transition altitude; true altitude.altitude acclimatization(*)-A slow physiologicaladaptation resulting from prolonged exposure tosignificantly reduced atmospheric pressure.altitu~ chamber-See hypobaric chamber.altitude datmn(*)-The arbitrary level from whichvertical displacement is measured. The datumfor height measurement is the terrain directlybelow the aircraft or some specified datum; forpressure altitude, the level at which the atmosphericpressure is 29.92 inches <strong>of</strong> mercury(1013.2 m.bs); <strong>and</strong> for true altitude, mean sealevel. See also altitude.altitude delay(*)-5ynchronization delay intrOducedbetween the time <strong>of</strong> transmission <strong>of</strong> ~radar pulse <strong>and</strong> the start <strong>of</strong> the trace on meindicator, for the purpose <strong>of</strong> eliminating thealtitude hole on the plan position indicator-typedisplay. (\\altitude height-See altitude datum.altitude hold(*)-ln a flight control system, acontrol mode in which the barometric altitudeexisting at time <strong>of</strong> engagement is maintainedautomatically.altitude hole(*)-The blank area at the origin <strong>of</strong> aradial display, on a radar tube presentation, thecenter <strong>of</strong> the periphery <strong>of</strong> which represents thepoint on the ground immediately below theaircraft. In side-looking airborne radar, this isknown as the altitude slot.altitude separation-See vertical separation.altitude siclmess-The syndrome <strong>of</strong> depression,anorexia, nausea, vomiting, <strong>and</strong> collapse, dueto decreased atmospheric pressure, occurring inan individual exposed to an altitude beyond thatto which acclimatization has occurred.24
•(t<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>altitude slot-See altitude hole.altitude tint-See hypsometric tinting.ambulatory patient-See walking patient.AMC-See Air Mobility Comm<strong>and</strong>.ammo {plus, minus, zero)-ln air intercept, acode meaning I have amount <strong>of</strong> ammunitionindicated left (type may be specified. Forexample: ammo plus-1 have more than halfmy ammunition left. ammo minus-1 have lessthan half my ammunition left. ammo zero--1have no ammunition left.)ammunition-See munition.ammunition <strong>and</strong> toxic material openspace(*)-An area especially prepared forstorage <strong>of</strong> explosive ammunition <strong>and</strong> toxic .material. For reporting purposes, it does notinclude the surrounding area restricted forstorage because <strong>of</strong> safety distance factors. Itincludes barricades <strong>and</strong> improvised coverings.See also storage.ammunition controlled supply rate-In Armyusage, the amount <strong>of</strong> ammunition estimated tobe available to sustain operations <strong>of</strong> a designatedforce for a specified time if expenditures arecontrolled at that rate. It is expressed in terms<strong>of</strong> rounds per weapon per day for ammunitionitems fired by weapons, <strong>and</strong> in terms <strong>of</strong> units<strong>of</strong> measure per organization per day for bulkallotment ammunition items. Tactical comm<strong>and</strong>ersuse thii_rate to control expenditures <strong>of</strong>ammunition d\lting tactical operations atplanned interv~. It is issued through comm<strong>and</strong>channels at each level. It is determinedbased on consideration <strong>of</strong> the required supplyrates submitted by subordinate comm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>and</strong>ammunition assets available.ammunition lot(*)-A quantity <strong>of</strong> homogeneousammunition, identified by a unique lot number,which is manufactured, assembled, or renovatedby one producer under uniform conditions<strong>and</strong> which is expected to function in a uniformmanner.ammunition supplypoint.point-See distributionampbibious assault-The principal type <strong>of</strong> amphibiousoperation that involves establishing aforce on a hostile or potentially hostile shore.See also assault; assault phase.amphibious assault area-See l<strong>and</strong>ing area.amphibious assault l<strong>and</strong>ing-See amphibiousoperation, Part e.amphibious assault ship (general purpose)-Anaval ship designed to embark, deploy, ~dl<strong>and</strong> elements <strong>of</strong> a l<strong>and</strong>ing force in an assaultby helicopters, l<strong>and</strong>ing craft, amphibiousvehicles, <strong>and</strong> by combinations <strong>of</strong> these methods.Designated LHA.amphibious chart(*)-A special naval chart designedto meet special requirements for l<strong>and</strong>ingoperations <strong>and</strong> passive coastal defense, at ascale <strong>of</strong> 1:25,000 or larger, <strong>and</strong> showingforeshore <strong>and</strong> coastal information in greaterdetail than a combat chart.amphibious comm<strong>and</strong> ship(*)-A naval ship fromwhich a comm<strong>and</strong>er exercises control in amphibiousoperations. (<strong>DOD</strong>) Also calledLCC.amphibious construction battalion-A permanentlycommissioned naval unit, subordinate to thecomm<strong>and</strong>er, naval beach group, designed toprovide an administrative unit from whichpersonnel <strong>and</strong> equipment are formed in tacticalelements <strong>and</strong> made available to appropriatecomm<strong>and</strong>ers to operate pontoon causeways,transfer barges, warping tugs, <strong>and</strong> assault bulk25
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>fuel systems, <strong>and</strong> to meet salvage requirements<strong>of</strong> the naval beach pany.amphibious control group(*)-Personnel, ships,<strong>and</strong> craft designated to control the waterborneship-to-shore movement in an amphibiousoperation.amphibious demonstration(*)-A type <strong>of</strong> amphibiousoperation conducted for the purpose <strong>of</strong>deceiving the enemy by a show <strong>of</strong> force withthe expectation <strong>of</strong> deluding the enemy into acourse <strong>of</strong> action unfavorable to him.amphibious force(*)-1. A naval force <strong>and</strong>l<strong>and</strong>ing force, together with supporting forcesthat are trained, organized <strong>and</strong> equipped foramphibious operations. 2. In naval usage, theadministrative title <strong>of</strong> the amphibious typeconun<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> a fleet.amphibious group-A comm<strong>and</strong> within the amphibiousforce, consisting <strong>of</strong> the conun<strong>and</strong>er<strong>and</strong> staff, designed to exercise operationalcontrol <strong>of</strong> assigned units in executing all phases<strong>of</strong> a division-size amphibious operation.amphibious lift(*)-The total capacity <strong>of</strong> assaultshipping utilized in an amphibious operation,expressed in tenns <strong>of</strong> personnel, vehicles, <strong>and</strong>measurement or weight tons <strong>of</strong> supplies.amphibious objective area(*)-A geographicalarea, delineated in the initiating directive, forpurposes <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control within whichis located the objective(s) to be secured by theamphibious task fQ!ce. This area must be <strong>of</strong>· sufficient size to e!'Sure accomplishment <strong>of</strong> theamphibious task force's mission <strong>and</strong> mustprovide sufficient area for conducting necessarysea, air, <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> operations.amphibious objective study-A study designed toprovide basic intelligence data <strong>of</strong> a permanentor semipermanent nature required for planningamphibious operations. Each study deals witha specific area, the selection <strong>of</strong> which is basedon strategic location, susceptibility to seizureby amphibious means, <strong>and</strong> other considerations.amphibious operation-An attack launched fromthe sea by naval <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing forces, embarkedin ships or craft involving a l<strong>and</strong>ing on ahostile or potentially hostile shore. As anentity, the amphibious operation includes thefollowing phases: a. planning-The periodextending from issuance <strong>of</strong> the initiating directiveto embarkation. b. embarkation-Theperiod during which the forces, with theirequipment <strong>and</strong> supplies, are embarked in theassigned shipping. c. rehearsal-The periodduring which the prospective operation isrehearsed for the purpose <strong>of</strong>: (1) testing adequacy<strong>of</strong> plans, the timing <strong>of</strong> detailed operations,<strong>and</strong> the combat readiness <strong>of</strong> participatingforces; (2) ensuring that all echelons arefamiliar with plans; <strong>and</strong> (3) testing communications.d. movement-The period duringwhich various components <strong>of</strong> the amphibioustask force move from points <strong>of</strong> embarkation tothe objective area. e. assault-The periodbetween the arrival <strong>of</strong> the major assault forces<strong>of</strong> the amphibious task force in the objectivearea <strong>and</strong> the accomplishment <strong>of</strong> the amphibioustask force mission.amphibious planning-The process <strong>of</strong> planningfor an amphibious operation, distinguished bythe necessity for concurrent, parallel, <strong>and</strong>detailed planning by all participating forces;<strong>and</strong> wherein the planning pattern is cyclical innature, composed <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> analyses <strong>and</strong>judgments <strong>of</strong> operational situations, each stemmingfrom those that have preceded.amphibious raid(*)-A type <strong>of</strong> amphibious operationinvolving swift incursion into or temporaryoccupation <strong>of</strong> an objective followed by aplanned withdrawal. See also amphibiousoperation.26
.·: -.· .,'r,: <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>amphibious reconnaissance(*)-An amphibiousl<strong>and</strong>ing conducted by minor elements, normallyinvolving stealth rather than force <strong>of</strong> arms, forthe purpose <strong>of</strong> securing information, <strong>and</strong> usuallyfollowed by a planned withdrawal.amphibious reconnaissance unit-A unit organized,equipped, <strong>and</strong> trained to conduct <strong>and</strong>support amphibious reconnaissance missions.An amphibious reconnaissance unit is made up<strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong> amphibious reco~ssanceteams.amphibious shipping-Organic Navy ships specificallydesigned to transport, l<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> supportl<strong>and</strong>ing forces in amphibious assault operations<strong>and</strong> capable <strong>of</strong> being loaded or unloaded bynaval personnel without external assistance inthe amphibious objective area.amphibious squadron(*)-A tactical <strong>and</strong> administrativeorganization composed <strong>of</strong> amphibiousassault shipping to transport troops <strong>and</strong> theirequipment for an amphibious assault operation.amphibious striking forces-Forces capable <strong>of</strong>projecting military power from the sea uponadjacent l<strong>and</strong> areas for initiating <strong>and</strong>/or conductingoperations there in the face <strong>of</strong> enemyopposition.amphibious task force-The task organizationformed for the purpose <strong>of</strong> conducting an amphibiousoperation. The lmphibious task forcealways includes Navy forces <strong>and</strong> a l<strong>and</strong>ingforce, with their organic aviation, <strong>and</strong> mayinclude <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>-providedships <strong>and</strong> Air fOrce forces when appropriate.Also called A D.-amphibious tractor-see amphibious vehicle.amphibious transport dock-A ship designed totransport <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> troops, equipment, <strong>and</strong>supplies by means <strong>of</strong> embarked l<strong>and</strong>ing craft,amphibious vehicles, <strong>and</strong> helicopters. Designatedas LPD.amphibious transport group-A subdivision <strong>of</strong> anamphibious task force, composed primarily <strong>of</strong>transport ships. The size <strong>of</strong> the transport groupwill depend upon the scope <strong>of</strong> the operation.Ships <strong>of</strong> the transport group will be combatloadedto support the l<strong>and</strong>ing force scheme <strong>of</strong>maneuver ashore. A transport unit will usuallybe formed to embark troops <strong>and</strong> equipment tobe l<strong>and</strong>ed over a designated beach or to embarkall helicopter-borne troops <strong>and</strong> equipment.amphibious vehicle(*)-A wheeled or trackedvehicle capable <strong>of</strong> operating on both l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>water. See also l<strong>and</strong>ing craft; vehicle.amphibious vehicle availability table-A tabulation<strong>of</strong> the type <strong>and</strong> number <strong>of</strong> amphibiousvehicles available primarily for assault l<strong>and</strong>ings<strong>and</strong> for support <strong>of</strong> other elements <strong>of</strong> the operation.amphibious vehicle employment plan-A planshowing in tabular form the planned employment<strong>of</strong> amphibious vehicles in l<strong>and</strong>ing operations,including their employment after theinitial movement to the beach.amphibious vehicle launching area(*)-An area,in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> to seaward <strong>of</strong> the line <strong>of</strong>departure, to which l<strong>and</strong>ing ships proceed <strong>and</strong>launch amphibious vehicles.amphibious withdrawal(*)-A type <strong>of</strong> amphibiousoperation involving the extraction <strong>of</strong> forces bysea in naval ships or craft from a hostile orpotentially hostile shore. See also amphibiousoperation.amplifying report-See contact report.aoalysis(*)-ln intelligence usage, a step in theprocessing phase <strong>of</strong> the intelligence cycle inwhich infonnation is subjected to review in27
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>order to identify significant facts for subsequentinterpretation. See also intelligence cycle.anchor-See sinker.anchor cable(*)-ln air transport, a cable in anaircraft to which the parachute static lines orstrops are attached.anchored-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Amorbiting a visible orbit point."anchor Une extension kit(*)-A device fitted to anaircraft equipped with removable clamshelldoors to enable paratroopers to exit from therear.aogels-In air intercept <strong>and</strong> close air support, acode meaning aircraft altitude (in thous<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong>feet).angle <strong>of</strong> convergence(*)-The angle subtended bythe eyebase <strong>of</strong> an observer at the point <strong>of</strong>focus.angle <strong>of</strong> depression(*)-I. The angle in a verticalplane between the horizontal <strong>and</strong> a descendingline. 2. In air photography, the angle betweenthe optical axis <strong>of</strong> an obliquely mounted l.ircamera <strong>and</strong> the horizontal. Also called depressionangle. See also tilt angle.angle <strong>of</strong> safety(*)-The minimal pennissibleangular clearance, at the gun, <strong>of</strong> the path <strong>of</strong> aprojectile above the friendly troops. It is theangle <strong>of</strong> clearance corrected to ensure thesafety <strong>of</strong> the troops. See also elevation <strong>of</strong>security. ;·28..-angle <strong>of</strong> view(*)-I. The angle between two rayspassing through the perspective center (rearnodal point) <strong>of</strong> a camera lens to two oppositecomers <strong>of</strong> the format. 2. In photogrammetry,twice the angle whose tangent is one-half thelength <strong>of</strong> the diagonal <strong>of</strong> the format divided bythe calibrated focal length.angle T(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire suppon,the angle formed by the intersection <strong>of</strong> thegun-target line <strong>and</strong> the observer-target line.ANGLICO-See air/naval gunf"Jre liaison company.annex-A document appended to an operationorder or other document to make it clearer orto give further details.annotated print(*)-A photograph on whichinterpretation details are indicated by words orsymbols.annotation(*)-A marking placed on imagery ordrawings for explanatory purposes or to indicateitems or areas <strong>of</strong> special imponance.annual screening-One day <strong>of</strong> active duty fortraining required each year for IndividualReady Reserve members so the Services cankeep current on each member's physical condition,dependency status, military qualifications,civilian occupational skills, availability forservice, <strong>and</strong> other information.annual training-The minimal period <strong>of</strong> trainingreserve members must perform each year tosatisfy the training requirements associated withtheir reserve component assigrunent.antenna mine(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a contactmine fitted with antermae which, when touchedby a steel ship, sets up galvanic action to firethe mine. See also mine.antiair warfare-A US Navy/US Marine Corpstenn used to indicate that action required todestroy or reduce to an acceptable level theenemy air <strong>and</strong> missile threat. It includes suchmeasures as the use <strong>of</strong> interceptors. bombers,antiaircraft guns, surface-to-air <strong>and</strong> air-to-airmissiles, electronic attack, <strong>and</strong> destruction <strong>of</strong>the air or missile threat both before <strong>and</strong> after itis launched. Other measures which are taken!'\
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>to minimize the effects <strong>of</strong> hostile air action arecover, concealment, dispersion, deception(i~cluding electronic), <strong>and</strong> mobility. See alsocounter air.antiarmor helicopter(*)-A helicopter armedprimarily for use in the destruction <strong>of</strong> armoredtargets. Also called antitank helicopter.anticountennining device(*)-A device fitted inan influence mine designed to prevent itsa~tuation by shock.anticrop agent(*)-A living organism or chemicalused to cause disease or damage to selectedfood or industrial crops.anticrop operation(*)-The employment <strong>of</strong> anticropagents in military operations to destroy theenemy's source <strong>of</strong> selected food or industrialcrops. See also anti plant agent; herbidde.anti-G suit-A device worn by aircrew to counteractthe effects on the human body <strong>of</strong> positiveacceleration.antilift device(*)-A device arranged to detonatethe mine to which it is attached, or to detonateanother mine or charge nearby, if the mine isdisturbed.antimateriel agent(*)-A living organism orchemical used to cause deterioration <strong>of</strong>, ordamage to, selected materiel.antimateriel operation(*)-The employment <strong>of</strong>antimateriel weapons or agents in militaryoperations. ·t._.pantipersonnel miDi (l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare)-A minedesigned to cause casualties to personnel. Seealso mine.antiplant agent-A microorganism or chemicalthat will kill, disease, or damage plants. Seealso antic:rop agent; herbidde.antiradiation missUe(*)-A missile which homespassively on a radiation source. See alsoguided missile.antirecovery device(*)-ln naval mine warfare,any device in a mine designed to prevent anenemy discovering details <strong>of</strong> the working <strong>of</strong> themine mechanism.antisubmarine action(*)-An operation by one ormore antisubmarine ships or aircraft, or acombination <strong>of</strong> both, against a particular enemysubmarine.antisubmarine air close support-Air operationsfor the antisubmarine warfare protection <strong>of</strong> asupported force. These operations are normallycarried out within 80 nautical miles <strong>of</strong> theforce, but this limit may be varied at the discretion<strong>of</strong> the controlling <strong>of</strong>ficer in tacticalcomm<strong>and</strong>.antisubmarine air distant support-Antisubmarineair suppon at a distance from, but directlyrelated to, specific convoys or forces.antisubmarine air search attack unit-The designationgiven to one or more aircraft separatelyorganized as a tactical unit to search for <strong>and</strong>destroy submarines.antisubmarine barrier(*)-The line formed by aseries <strong>of</strong> static devices or mobile units arrangedfor the purpose <strong>of</strong> detecting, denying passageto, or destroying hostile submarines. See alsoantisubmarine patrol.antisubmarine operation-Operation contributingto the conduct <strong>of</strong> antisubmarine warfare.antisubmarine patrol(*)-The systematic <strong>and</strong>continuing investigation <strong>of</strong> an area or along aline to detect or hamper submarines, used whenthe direction <strong>of</strong> submarine movement can beestablished. See also antisubmarine barrier.29
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>antisubmarine rocket-A surface ship-launched,rocket-propelled, nuclear depth charge orhoming torpedo. Designated as RUR-SA.Also called ASROC.antisubmarine screen(*)-An arrangement <strong>of</strong>ships <strong>and</strong>/or aircraft for the protection <strong>of</strong> ascreened unit against attack by a submarine.antisubmarinesearch(*)-Systematicinvestigation<strong>of</strong> a particular area for the purpose <strong>of</strong> locatinga submarine known or suspected to be somewherein the area. Some types <strong>of</strong> search arealso used in locating the position <strong>of</strong> a distressincident.antisubmarine support operation(*)-An operationconducted by an antisubmarine force in thearea around a force or convoy, in areas throughwhich the force or convoy is passing, or indefense <strong>of</strong> geographic areas. Support operationsmay be completely coordinated with those<strong>of</strong> the force or convoy, or they may be independentoperations coordinated only to theextent <strong>of</strong> providing operational intelligence <strong>and</strong>information.antisubmarine torpedo-A submarine-launched,long-range, high-speed, wire-guided, deep-diving,wakeless torpedo capable <strong>of</strong> carrying anuclear warhead for use in antisubmarine <strong>and</strong>antisurface ship operations. Also called ASTOR.antisubmarine warfare(*)-Operations conductedwith the intention <strong>of</strong> denying the enemy theeffective use <strong>of</strong> s~pwines.antisubmarine warfai-e forces-Forces organizedprimarily for antisubmarine action. May becomposed <strong>of</strong> surface ships, aircraft, submarines,or any combination <strong>of</strong> these, <strong>and</strong> theirsupporting systems.antisurface air operation(*)-An air operationconducted in an air/sea environment againstenemy surface forces./'\antisweep device(*)-Any device incorporated inthe mooring <strong>of</strong> a mine or obstructor, or in themine circuits to make the sweeping <strong>of</strong> the minemore difficult. ~antisweeper mine(*)-A mine which is laid orwhose mechanism is designed or adjusted withthe specific object <strong>of</strong> damaging mine countermeasuresvessels. See also mine.antitank helicopter-See antiarmor helicopter.antitank mine(*)-A mine designed to immobilizeor destroy a tank. See also mine.antiterrorism-Defensive measures used to reducethe vulnerability <strong>of</strong> individuals <strong>and</strong> property toterrorist acts, to include limited response <strong>and</strong>contaimnent by local military forces. Alsocalled AT. See also antiterrorism awareness; /\counterterrorism; proactive measures; terrorism.antiterrorismawareness-Fundamentalknowledge<strong>of</strong> the terrorist threat <strong>and</strong> measures to reducepersonal vulnerability to terrorism. See alsoantiterrorism.antivignettiDg rllter(*)-A filter bearing a depositwhich is graduated in density to correct for theuneven illumination given by certain lenses,particularly wide angle types.antiwatching device(*)-A device fined in amoored mine which causes it to sink should itwatch, so as to prevent the position <strong>of</strong> the mineor minefield being disclosed. See also watchingmine.AO-See area <strong>of</strong> operations.AOB-See advanced operations base.30
~ ~ ,.'., <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>AOR-See area <strong>of</strong> responsibility.apogee-The point at which a missile trajectory ora satellite orbit is farthest from the center <strong>of</strong>the gravitational field <strong>of</strong> the controlling body orbodies.apparent horizon(*)-The visible line <strong>of</strong> demarcationbetween l<strong>and</strong>/sea <strong>and</strong> sky.apparent precession(*)-The apparent deflection<strong>of</strong> the gyro axis, relative to the Earth, due tothe rowing effect <strong>of</strong> the Earth <strong>and</strong> not due toany applied force. Also called apparentw<strong>and</strong>er.apparent w<strong>and</strong>er-See apparent precession.appendix-A subsidiary addition to a main paper.Details essential to the main paper but toobulky'or numerous to include therein are usuallyembodied in appendices.applicable materiel assets-That ponion <strong>of</strong> thetotal acceptable materiel assets that meets themilitary or other characteristics as defmed bythe responsible <strong>Military</strong> Service <strong>and</strong> that is inthe right condition <strong>and</strong> location to satisfy aspecific military requirement.application-!. The system or problem to whicha computer is applied. Reference is <strong>of</strong>ten madeto an application as being either <strong>of</strong> the computationaltype, wherein arithmetic computationspredominate, or <strong>of</strong> the data processing type,wherein data h<strong>and</strong>ling operations predominate.2. In the intelligence context, the direct extraction<strong>and</strong> talloliilg <strong>of</strong> information from anexisting foundation <strong>of</strong> intelligence <strong>and</strong> near realtime reponing:· It is focused on <strong>and</strong> meetsspecific, narrow requirements, normally ondem<strong>and</strong>.appHecl research-Research concerned with thepractical application <strong>of</strong> knowledge, material,<strong>and</strong>/or techniques directed toward a solution toan existent or anticipated military requirement.See also basic research; research.apportionment-In the general sense, distributionfor planning <strong>of</strong> limited resources among com--peting requirements. Specific apportionments(e.g., air sonies <strong>and</strong> forces for planning) aredescribed as apportionment <strong>of</strong> air sonies <strong>and</strong>fo~ces for planning, etc. See also allocation;apportionment (air).apportionment (air)-The determination <strong>and</strong>assignment <strong>of</strong> the total expected effon bypercentage <strong>and</strong>/or by priority that should bedevoted to the various air operations <strong>and</strong>/orgeographic areas for a given period <strong>of</strong> time.appreciations-Personal conclusions, <strong>of</strong>ficialestimates, <strong>and</strong> assumptions about anotherparty's intentions, military capabilities, <strong>and</strong>activities used in planning <strong>and</strong> decisionmaking.a. desired appreciations-Adversary personalconclusions <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial estimates, valid orinvalid, that result in adversary behaviors <strong>and</strong><strong>of</strong>ficial actions advantageous to friendly interests<strong>and</strong> objectives. b. harmful appreciations-Adversarypersonal conclusions, <strong>of</strong>ficialestimates, or assumptions, valid or invalid, thatresult in adversary behaviors <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial actionsharmful to friendly interests <strong>and</strong> objectives.approach clearance-Authorization for a pilotconducting flight in accordance with instrumentflight rules to commence an approach to anairpon.approach end <strong>of</strong> nmway(*)-That end <strong>of</strong> therunway nearest to the direction from which thefmal approach is made.approach lane(*)-An extension <strong>of</strong> a boat lanefrom the line <strong>of</strong> departure toward the transponarea. It may be terminated by marker ships,boats, or buoys.31
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>approach march(•)-Advance <strong>of</strong> a combat unitwhen direct contact with the enemy is imminent.Troops are fully or partially deployed.The approach march ends when ground contactwith the enemy is made or when the attackposition is occupied. See also advance tocontact.approach schedule(*)-The schedule which indicates,for each scheduled wave, the time <strong>of</strong>departure from the rendezvous area, from theline <strong>of</strong> depanure, <strong>and</strong> from other control points<strong>and</strong> the time <strong>of</strong> arrival at the beach.approach sequence(*)-The order in which two or· more aircraft are cleared for an approach.approach time-The time at which an aircraft isexpected to commence approach procedure.apron-A defined area, on an airfield, intended toaccommodate aircraft for purposes <strong>of</strong> loadingor unloading passengers or cargo, refueling,parking, or maintenance.architecture-A framework or structure thatportrays relationships among all the elements <strong>of</strong>the subject force, system, or activity.archive-When used in the context <strong>of</strong> deliberateplanning, the directed comm<strong>and</strong> will remove· the referenced operation plan, operation plan inconcept format, or concept sununary <strong>and</strong> anyassociated <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> ExecutionSystem automated data processing filesfrom its library <strong>of</strong> active plans. All materialwill be prepared for shipment to appropriatearchive facilities irt.accordance with <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong>5-03 .I <strong>and</strong> apprO)lriate comm<strong>and</strong> directives.See also maintairi; retain.area-See advisory area; aircraft dispersal area;aircraft marshalling area; air defense actionarea; alighting area; area control center;assembly area; caution area; closed area;concentration area; control area; danger32area; defensive coastal area; embarkation 0area; fire support area; homogeneous area;impact area; initial approach area; l<strong>and</strong>ingarea; maneuvering area; maritime area; ·~naval support area; objective area; prohibitedarea; nm-up area; signal area; stagingarea; submarine patrol area; terminal controlarea; transit area. See also zone. £>area air defense comm<strong>and</strong>er-Within a unifiedcomm<strong>and</strong>, subordinate unified comm<strong>and</strong>, orjoint task force, the comm<strong>and</strong>er will assignoverall responsibility for air defense to a singlecomm<strong>and</strong>er. Normally, this will be the componentcomm<strong>and</strong>er with the preponderance <strong>of</strong> airdefense capability <strong>and</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>, control,<strong>and</strong> communications capability to plan <strong>and</strong>execute integrated air defense operations.Representation from the other componentsinvolved will be provided, as appropriate, tothe area air defense comm<strong>and</strong>er's headquarters.Also called AADC.area assessment-The comm<strong>and</strong>er's prescribed (\collection <strong>of</strong> specific information that commencesupon employment <strong>and</strong> is a continuousoperation. It confirms, corrects, refutes, oradds to previous intelligence acquired fromarea studies <strong>and</strong> other sources prior to employment.area bombbig(*)-Bombing <strong>of</strong> a target which is ineffect a general area rather than a small orpinpoint target.area comm<strong>and</strong>(*)-A comm<strong>and</strong> which is composed<strong>of</strong> those organized elements <strong>of</strong> one ormore <strong>of</strong> the armed services, designated tooperate in a specific geographical area, whichare placed under a single comm<strong>and</strong>er. See alsocomm<strong>and</strong>; functional comm<strong>and</strong>.area control center(•)-A unit established toprovide air traffic control service to controlledflights in control areas under its jurisdiction.(",. \
See also air traffic control ceuter; rught . ~ .information region.area coordination group-A composite organization,including represenwives <strong>of</strong> local military,paramilitary, <strong>and</strong> other govenunental agencies<strong>and</strong> their US counterpans, responsible forplanning <strong>and</strong> coordinating internal defense <strong>and</strong>development operations.area damage controi(*)-Measures taken before,during, or after hostile action or natural ormanmade disasters, to reduce the probability <strong>of</strong>damage <strong>and</strong> minimize its effects. See alsodamage control; disaster control; rear areasecurity.area <strong>of</strong> iDflueace(*)-A geographical area whereina comm<strong>and</strong>er is directly capable <strong>of</strong> influencingoperations by maneuver or fire support systemsnonnally under the comm<strong>and</strong>er's comm<strong>and</strong> orcontrol.area <strong>of</strong> intelligence respoasibUity(*)-An areaallocated to a comm<strong>and</strong>er in which the comm<strong>and</strong>eris responsible for the provision <strong>of</strong>intelligence within the means at the comm<strong>and</strong>er'sdisposal. See also area <strong>of</strong> bderest; area<strong>of</strong> respormbillty.area <strong>of</strong> interest(*)-That area <strong>of</strong> concern to theconun<strong>and</strong>er, including the area <strong>of</strong> influence,areas adjacent thereto, <strong>and</strong> extending inloenemy territory to the objectives <strong>of</strong> current orplanned operations. This area also includesareas occupied by enemy forces who couldjeopardize the accomplishment <strong>of</strong> the mission.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1..<strong>02</strong>· 4-month period <strong>of</strong> the year does not exceed SOdegrees Fahrenheit. Mountain regions locatedoutside <strong>of</strong> this area are included in this category<strong>of</strong> operations provided these same temperatureconditions exist.area <strong>of</strong> operations(*)-That portion <strong>of</strong> an area <strong>of</strong>war necessary for military operations <strong>and</strong> forthe administration <strong>of</strong> such operations. Alsocalled AO.area <strong>of</strong> responsibWty(*)-1. A defined area <strong>of</strong>l<strong>and</strong> in which responsibility is specificallyassigned to the comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> the area for thedevelopment <strong>and</strong> maintenance <strong>of</strong> installations,control <strong>of</strong> movement, <strong>and</strong> the conduct <strong>of</strong> tacticaloperations involving troops under thecomm<strong>and</strong>er's control, along with parallelauthority to exercise these functions. 2. Innaval usage, a predefined area <strong>of</strong> enemy terrainfor which. supporting ships are responsible forcovering by fire on known targets or W'gets <strong>of</strong>opportunity <strong>and</strong> by observation. Also calledA OR.area <strong>of</strong> war-That area <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, sea, <strong>and</strong> air whichis, or may become, directly involved in theoperations <strong>of</strong> war.ana operatioas(*)-ln maritime usage, operationsconducted in a geographical area <strong>and</strong> notrelated to the protection <strong>of</strong> a specific force.ana orieated-Personnel or units whose organizations,mission, training, <strong>and</strong> equipping arebased on projected operational deployment to aspecific geographic or demographic area.area <strong>of</strong> miHtariiJ jfgaificaat fallout(*)-Area inwhich radioac{ive fallout affects the ability <strong>of</strong>military units CO carry out their normal mission.area <strong>of</strong> northern operatiom-A region <strong>of</strong> variablewidth in the Northern Hemisphere that liesnorth <strong>of</strong> the 50 degrees isotherm-a line alongwhich the average temperature <strong>of</strong> the warmestarea radar prediction amalysis-Radar targetintelligence study designed to provide radarsignificant data for use in the preparation <strong>of</strong>radar target predictions.area sean:b-Visual reconnaissance <strong>of</strong> limited ordefined areas.33
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>area target(*)-A target consisting <strong>of</strong> an arearather than a single point.areodesy-The branch <strong>of</strong> mathematics whichdetermines, by observation <strong>and</strong> measurement,the exact positions <strong>of</strong> points <strong>and</strong> the figures <strong>and</strong>areas <strong>of</strong> large ponions <strong>of</strong> the surface <strong>of</strong> theplanet Mars, or the shape <strong>and</strong> size <strong>of</strong> the planetMars.areodetic-Of, penaining to, or determined byareodesy.armament delivery reeonliDa-Motion picture,still photography, <strong>and</strong> video recordings showingthe delivery <strong>and</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> ordnance. Thisdiffers from reconnaissance imagery in that itrecords the act <strong>of</strong> delivery <strong>and</strong> impact <strong>and</strong>normally is done by the weapon system deliveringthe ordnance. Armament delivery recordingis used primarily for evaluating strikeeffectiveness <strong>and</strong> for combat crew training. Itis also one <strong>of</strong> the principal sources <strong>of</strong> over-the-target documentation in force employments,<strong>and</strong> may be used for public affairs purposes.armed forces-The military forces <strong>of</strong> a nation ora group <strong>of</strong> nations. See also fon:e(s).armed forces ceDSOnhip-The examination <strong>and</strong>control <strong>of</strong> personal communications to or frompersons in the Armed Forces <strong>of</strong> the UnitedStates <strong>and</strong> persons accompanying or servingwith the Anned Forces <strong>of</strong> the United Swes.See also c:eusonhip.armed forces courier-An <strong>of</strong>ficer or enlistedmember in the grade.<strong>of</strong> E-7 or above, <strong>of</strong> theUS Armed ForcesL~igned to perform AnnedForces Courier Servtce duties <strong>and</strong> identified bypossession <strong>of</strong> an Aimed Forces Courier ServiceIdentification Card (ARF-COS Form 9). Seealso courier.Armed Forces Courier Service-A joint service<strong>of</strong> the Departments <strong>of</strong> the Army, the Navy, <strong>and</strong>·the Air Force, with the Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff, USArmy, as Executive Agent. The courier serviceprovides one <strong>of</strong> the available methods forthe secure <strong>and</strong> expeditious transmission <strong>of</strong>material requiring protected h<strong>and</strong>ling by militarycourier.armed forces courier station-An Army, Navy,or Air Force activity, approved by the respectivemilitary department <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficially designatedby Headquaners, Anned Forces CourierService, for the acceptance, processing, <strong>and</strong>dispatching <strong>of</strong> Armed Forces Courier Servicematerial.Armed Forces <strong>of</strong> tbe United States-A tenn usedto denote collectively all components <strong>of</strong> theArmy, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, <strong>and</strong>Coast Guard. See also United States ArmedForces.armed belicopter(*)-A helicopter fined withweapons or weapon systems.armed mine(*)-A mine from which all safetydevices have been withdrawn <strong>and</strong>, after laying,all automatic safety features <strong>and</strong>lor armingdelays have operated. Such a mine is ready t<strong>of</strong>unction after receipt <strong>of</strong> a target signal, influence,or contact. See also mine.armed recoDD8issance-A mission with the primarypurpose <strong>of</strong> locating <strong>and</strong> attacking targets <strong>of</strong>opponunity, i.e., enemy materiel, personnel,<strong>and</strong> facilities, in assigned general areas oralong assigned ground communications routes,<strong>and</strong> not for the purpose <strong>of</strong> attacking specificbriefed targets.Armed Services Medical Regulating Office-Ajoint activity reponing directly to the Comm<strong>and</strong>erin Chief, US Transponation Comm<strong>and</strong>,the Department <strong>of</strong> Defense single manager forthe regulation <strong>of</strong> movement <strong>of</strong> Uniformed Servicespatients. The Anned Services MedicalRegulating Office authorizes transfers to medi-34(\,
' ·.. :· :.. ~ - .cal treatment facilities <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Military</strong> Departmentsor the Department <strong>of</strong> Veterans Affairs<strong>and</strong> coordinates inter-theater <strong>and</strong> inside continentalUnited States patient movement requirementswith the appropriate transponationcomponent comm<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> US TransportationComm<strong>and</strong>. Also called ASMRO.armed sweep(*)-A sweep fitted with cutters orother devices to increase its ability to cut minemoorings.arming-As applied to explosives, weapons, <strong>and</strong>ammunition, the changing from a safe conditionto a state <strong>of</strong> readiness for initiation.arming delay device(*)-A device fitted in a mineto prevent it being actuated for a preset timeafter laying.arming lanyard-See arming wire.arming pin(*)-A safety device which is insertedinto a fuze to prevent the arming cycle fromstarting until its removal.arming system-That portion <strong>of</strong> a weapon whichserves to ready (arm), safe, or re-safe (disarm)the firing system <strong>and</strong> fuzing system <strong>and</strong> whichmay actuate devices in the nuclear system.arming wire(*)-A cable, wire or lanyard routedfrom the aircraft to an expendable aircraft storein order to initiate the arming sequence for thestore upon release from the aircraft, when thearmed release condition has been
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Army Air Defense Comm<strong>and</strong> Post-The tacticalheadquarters <strong>of</strong> an Army air defense comm<strong>and</strong>er.Army air-ground system-The Anny systemwhich provides for interface between Anny <strong>and</strong>tactical air suppon agencies <strong>of</strong> other Services inthe planning, evaluating, processing, <strong>and</strong>coordinating <strong>of</strong> air suppon requirements <strong>and</strong>operations. It is composed <strong>of</strong> appropriate staffmembers, including G-2 air <strong>and</strong> G-3 ~ir personnel,<strong>and</strong> necessary communication equipment.Army base-A base or group <strong>of</strong> installations forwhich a local comm<strong>and</strong>er is responsible, consisting<strong>of</strong> facilities necessary for suppon <strong>of</strong>Anny activities including security, internallines <strong>of</strong> communication, utilities, plants <strong>and</strong>systems, <strong>and</strong> real property for which the Annyhas operating responsibility. See also basecomplex.Army corps-A tactical unit larger than a division<strong>and</strong> smaller than a field army. A corps usuallyconsists <strong>of</strong> two or more divisions together withauxiliary arms <strong>and</strong> services. See also fieldarmy.Army group-Several field armies under a designatedcomm<strong>and</strong>er.the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense that are specifically !'\organized, trained, <strong>and</strong> equipped to conduct<strong>and</strong> suppon special operations. Also calledARSOF. .~Army tactical data link 1-See tactical digitalinformation link.arresting barrier-See aircraft arresting barrier.arresting gear-See aircraft arresting gear.ARSOC-See Army special operations component.ARSOF -See Army special operations forces.artificial horizon-See attitude indicator.artillery rU'e plan table(*)-A presentation <strong>of</strong>planned targets giving data for engagement.Scheduled targets are fired in a defmite timesequence. The staning time may be on call, ata prearranged time or at the occurrence <strong>of</strong> aspecific event.artillery survey control point(*)-A point atwhich the coordinates <strong>and</strong> the altitude areknown <strong>and</strong> from which the bearings/azimuthsto a number <strong>of</strong> reference objects are alsoknown.Army service area-The territory between thecorps rear boundary <strong>and</strong> the combat zone rearboundary. Most <strong>of</strong> the Anny administrativeestablishment <strong>and</strong> service troops are usuallylocated in this area. See also rear area.Army special operations component-The Armycomponent <strong>of</strong> a joint force special operationscomponent. Also called ARSOC. See alsoAir Force special operations component;Navy special operations component.Army special operations forces-Those active <strong>and</strong>reserve component Anny forces designated by36ASMRO-See Armed Forces Medical RegulatingOffice.aspect angle-The angle between the longitudinalaxis <strong>of</strong> the target {projected rearward) <strong>and</strong> theline <strong>of</strong> sight to the interceptor measured fromthe tail <strong>of</strong> the target.ASROC-See antisubmarine rocket.assault-I. The climax <strong>of</strong> an attack, closing withthe enemy in h<strong>and</strong>-to-h<strong>and</strong> fighting. 2. In anamphibious operation, the period <strong>of</strong> time betweenthe arrival <strong>of</strong> the major assault forces <strong>of</strong>f",' \
' .' .. . ·. '~ ~ ~ . :-.:~ .~.r; ..... .the amphibious task force in the objective U:ea .<strong>and</strong> the accomplishment <strong>of</strong> the amphibious taskforce mission. 3. To make a short, violent,but well-ordered attack against a local objective,such as a gun emplacement, a fort, or amachine gun nest. 4. A phase <strong>of</strong> an airborneoperation beginning with delivery by air <strong>of</strong> theassault echelon <strong>of</strong> the force into the objectivearea <strong>and</strong> extending through attack <strong>of</strong> assaultobjectives <strong>and</strong> consolidation <strong>of</strong> the initialairhead. See also usault pbase; ~diqattack.assault aircraft(*)-A powered aircraft that movesassault troops <strong>and</strong>/or cargo into an objectivearea.assault area-In amphibious operations, that areathat includes the beach area, the boat lanes, thelines <strong>of</strong> departure, the l<strong>and</strong>ing ship areas, thetransport areas, <strong>and</strong> the fire support areas inthe immediate vicinity <strong>of</strong> the boat lanes.assault area diagram-A graphic means <strong>of</strong> showing,for amphibious operations, the beachdesignations, boat lanes, organization <strong>of</strong> theline <strong>of</strong> departure, scheduled . waves, l<strong>and</strong>ingship area, transpOrt areas, aDd the fire supportareas in the immediate . vicinity <strong>of</strong> the boatlanes.assault craft(*)-A l<strong>and</strong>ing craft or amphibiousvehicle primarily employed for laDding ttoops<strong>and</strong> equipment in the assault waves <strong>of</strong> anamphibious operation.assault craft UDit-A permanemly commissionednaval organizatioli, subordinate to the comm<strong>and</strong>er,naval- ·beach group, that containsl<strong>and</strong>ing craft aDd crews necessary to providelighterage required in an amphibious operation.assault echelon(*)-The element <strong>of</strong> a force that isscheduled for initial assault on the objectivearea.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>assault ftre-1. That tire delivered by attackingtroops as they close with the enemy. 2. Inartillery, extremely accurate, shon-range destructionfire at point wgets.assault follow-on echelon-In amphibious operations,that echelon <strong>of</strong> the assault troops, vehicles,aircraft equipment, <strong>and</strong> supplies which,though not needed to initiate the assault, isrequired to support <strong>and</strong> sustain the assault. Inorder to accomplish its purpose, it is normallyrequired in the objective area no later than fivedays after commencement <strong>of</strong> the assault l<strong>and</strong>ing.See also assault; follow-up.assault pbase(*)-1. In an amphibious operation,the period <strong>of</strong> time between the arrival <strong>of</strong> themajor assault forces <strong>of</strong> the amphibious taskforce in the objective area <strong>and</strong> the accomplishment<strong>of</strong> their mission. 2. In an airborneoperation, a phase beginning with delivery byair <strong>of</strong> the assault echelon <strong>of</strong> the force into theobjective area <strong>and</strong> extending through attack <strong>of</strong>assault objectives <strong>and</strong> consolidation <strong>of</strong> theinitial airhead. See also assault.assault scbedule-See l<strong>and</strong>ing schedule.assault sblppiq(*)-Shipping assigned to theamphibious task force <strong>and</strong> utilized for transportingassault troops, vehicles, equipment, <strong>and</strong>supplies to the objective area.aaanlt wave-See wave."Selllbly(*)-ln logistics, an item fonning aportion <strong>of</strong> an equipment, that can be provisioned<strong>and</strong> replaced as an entity <strong>and</strong> which nonnallyincorporates replaceable parts or groups <strong>of</strong>pans. See also component; part; subassembly.MSembly ancborage(*)-An anchorage intendedfor the assembly <strong>and</strong> onward routing <strong>of</strong> ships.37
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>assembly area(*)-1. An area in which a comm<strong>and</strong>is assembled preparatory to funheraction. 2. In a supply installation, the grossarea used for collecting <strong>and</strong> combining componentsinto complete units, kits, or assemblies.assessment-!. Analysis <strong>of</strong> the security, effectiveness,<strong>and</strong> potential <strong>of</strong> an existing or plannedintelligence activity. 2. Judgment <strong>of</strong> themotives, qualifications, <strong>and</strong> characteristics <strong>of</strong>present or prospective employees or "ag~ms."asset (intelligence)-Any resource-person~ group,relationship, instrument, installation, or supply-at the disposition <strong>of</strong> an intelligence organizationfor use in an operational or suppon role.Often used with a qualifying tenn such as agentasset or propag<strong>and</strong>a asset.assign(*)-1. To place units or personnel in anorganization where such placement is relativelypennanent, <strong>and</strong>/or where such organizationcontrols <strong>and</strong> administers the units or personnelfor the primary function, or greater portion <strong>of</strong>the functions, <strong>of</strong> the unit or personnel. 2. Todetail individuals to specific duties or functionswhere such duties or functions are primary<strong>and</strong>/or relatively permanent. See also attacb.associated support(*)-ln naval air operations,assistance provided by a force or unit to anotherforce or unit that is under independenttactical control, neither being subordinate to theother. See also direct support; support.assumed azimutb-The assumption <strong>of</strong> azimuthorigins as a field expedient until the requireddata are available. ~assumed grid-A grid constructed using an arbitraryscale superimposed on a map, chan, orphotograph for use in point designation withoutregard to actual geographic location. See alsopi d.assumption-A supposition on the current situationor a presupposition on the future course <strong>of</strong>events, either or both assumed to be true in theabsence <strong>of</strong> positive pro<strong>of</strong>, necessary to enablethe conun<strong>and</strong>er in the process <strong>of</strong> planning tocomplete an estimate <strong>of</strong> the situation <strong>and</strong> makea decision on the course <strong>of</strong> action.astern fueling(*)-The transfer <strong>of</strong> fuel at seaduring which the receiving ship(s) keep(s)swion astern <strong>of</strong> the delivering ship.ASTOR-See antisubmarine torpedo.asymmetrical sweep(*)-A sweep whose sweptpath under conditions <strong>of</strong> no wind or cross-tideis not equally spaced either side <strong>of</strong> the sweeper'strack.AT -see antiterrorism.ATCALS-See air· traftic control aDd l<strong>and</strong>ingsystems.A TF -see ampbibious task force.atmosphere-The air surrounding the Earth. Seealso ionosphere; stratosphere; tropopause;troposphere.atmospheric environment-The envelope <strong>of</strong> airsurrounding the Earth, including its interfaces<strong>and</strong> interactions with the Eanb' s solid or liquidsurface.at my comm<strong>and</strong>(*)-ln anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresuppon, the comm<strong>and</strong> used when it is desiredto control the exact time <strong>of</strong> delivery <strong>of</strong> fire.atomic air burst-see airburst.atomic defense-See nuclear defeme.atomic clemoUtion munition-A nuclear devicedesigned to be detonated on or below theground surface, or under water as a demolition38
• ~ jl
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>aircraft during the delivery phase <strong>of</strong> an airstrike.attack belicopter(*)-A helicopter specificallydesigned to employ various weapons to attack<strong>and</strong> destroy enemy targets.attacking-In air intercept, a term meaning, "Amcommencing attacking run with weapon indicated"(size may be given).attack origin-1. The location or so~ fromwhich an attack was initiated. 2. The nationinitiating an attack. See also attack assessmeat.attack pattern-The type <strong>and</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong>targets under attack. See also attack assessmeat;target pattern.attack position-The last position occupied by theassault echelon before crossing the line <strong>of</strong>departure. See also fol'llliq up place.attack size-The number <strong>of</strong> weapons involved inan attack. See also attack assessmeat.attack speed-The speed at which the interceptorwill maneuver during the attack phase <strong>of</strong> an airintercept.attack timiDg-The predicted or actual time <strong>of</strong>bursts, impacts, or arrival <strong>of</strong> weapons at theirintended targets.attack w81'11ing/attack assessment-Not to beused. See separate defiDitiOJLt for tacticalwarning <strong>and</strong> for ~ usessment.attenuation(*)-1. Decrease in intensity <strong>of</strong> asignal, beam, or wave as a result <strong>of</strong> absorption<strong>of</strong> energy <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> scattering out <strong>of</strong> the path <strong>of</strong> adetector, but not including the reduction due togeomeaic spreading, i.e., the inverse square <strong>of</strong>distance effect. 2. In mine warfare, the reductionin intensity <strong>of</strong> an influence as distancefrom the source increases. 3. In camouflage<strong>and</strong> concealment, the process <strong>of</strong> making anobject or surface less conspicuous by reducingits contrast to the surroundings <strong>and</strong>/or background.Also called tone down.attenuation factor(*)-The ratio <strong>of</strong> the incidentradiation dose or dose rate to the radiation doseor dose rate transmitted through a shieldingmaterial. This is the reciprocal <strong>of</strong> the transmissionfactor.attitude(*)-!. The position <strong>of</strong> a body as determinedby the inclination <strong>of</strong> the axes to someframe <strong>of</strong> reference. If not otherwise specified,this frame <strong>of</strong> reference is fixed to the Eanh.(NATO) 2. The grid bearing <strong>of</strong> the long axis<strong>of</strong> a wget area. See intelligence cycle.attitude director indicator(*)-An attitude indica~tor which displays comm<strong>and</strong> signals from theflight director computer.attitude inclicator(*)-An instrument which displaysthe attitude <strong>of</strong> the aircraft by reference tosources <strong>of</strong> infonnation which may be containedwithin the instrument or be external to it.When the sources <strong>of</strong> information are self-contained,the instrument may be referred to as anartificial horizon.attrition(*)-The reduction <strong>of</strong> the effectiveness <strong>of</strong>a force caused by loss <strong>of</strong> personnel <strong>and</strong> materiel.attrition minefleld(*)-ln naval mine warfare, afield intended primarily to cause ~ge toenemy ships. See also minefield.attrition rate(*)-A factor, normally expressed asa percentage, reflecting the degree <strong>of</strong> losses <strong>of</strong>personnel or materiel due to various causeswithin a specified period <strong>of</strong> time.attrition reserve aircraft-Aircraft procured forthe specific purpose <strong>of</strong> replacing the anticipated40
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>losses <strong>of</strong> aircraft because <strong>of</strong> peacetime <strong>and</strong>/orwanime attrition.attrition sweeping(*)-The continuous sweeping <strong>of</strong>minefields to keep the risk <strong>of</strong> mines to all shipsas low as possible.augmentation forces-Forces to be transferred tothe operational control <strong>of</strong> a supponed comm<strong>and</strong>erduring the execution <strong>of</strong> an operation.authenticate-A challenge given by YOice orelectrical means to attest to the authenticity <strong>of</strong>a message or transmission.authentication-!. A security measure designedto protect a communications system againstacceptance <strong>of</strong> a fraudulent transmission orsimulation by establishing the validity <strong>of</strong> atransmission, message, or originator. 2. Ameans <strong>of</strong> identifying individuals <strong>and</strong> verifyingtheir eligibility to receive specific categories <strong>of</strong>infonnation. 3. Evidence by proper signatureor seal that a document is genuine <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial.authenticator-A symbol or group <strong>of</strong> symbols, ora series <strong>of</strong> bits, selected or derived in a prearrangedmanner <strong>and</strong> usually insened at a predeterminedpoint within a message or transmissionfor the purpose <strong>of</strong> attesting to the validity<strong>of</strong> the message or transmission.autocode format-An abbreviated aDd fonnattedmessage header used in conjunction with theMobile Cryptologic Suppon Facility (MCSF) to-gbenergize the automatic communications relay.functions <strong>of</strong> the MCSF providing rapid exchange<strong>of</strong> data the system.'·.automated data baDdllDg-see automatic datah<strong>and</strong>ling.automatic approach <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing(*)-A controlmode in which the· aircraft's speed <strong>and</strong> flightpath are automatically controlled for approach,flare-out, <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing. See also ground controUedapproach procedure.automatic data b<strong>and</strong>ling(*)-A generalization <strong>of</strong>automatic data processing to include the aspect<strong>of</strong> data transfer.automatic data processing(*)-I. Data processinglargely performed by automatic means. 2.That branch <strong>of</strong> science <strong>and</strong> technology concernedwith methods <strong>and</strong> techniques relating todata processing largely performed by automaticmeans.automatic fllgbt control system(*)-A systemwhich includes all . equipment to control automaticallythe flight <strong>of</strong> an aircraft or missile toa path or attitude described by referencesinternal or external to the aircraft or missile. ," .automatic levelliDg-A flight control syste~feature which returns an aircraft to level flighJattitude in roll <strong>and</strong> pitch.automatic message processiDg system-Anyorganized assembly <strong>of</strong> resources <strong>and</strong> methodsused to collect, process, <strong>and</strong> distribute messageslargely by automatic means.automatic pilot-That part <strong>of</strong> an automatic flight. control system which provides attitude stabilizationwith respect to internal references.automatic resupply-A resupply mission fullyplanned before insenion <strong>of</strong> a special operationsteam into the operations area that occurs at aprearranged time <strong>and</strong> location, unless changedby the operating team after insenion. See alsoemergeocy resupply; on-call resupply.automatic search jammer(*)-An intercept receiver<strong>and</strong> jamming transmitter system whichsearches for <strong>and</strong> jams signals automaticallywhich have specific radiation characteristics.41
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Automatic Secure Voice Communicatioos Net·work-A worldwide, switched, secure voicenetwork developed to fulfill <strong>DOD</strong> long-haul,secure voice requirements. Also called AUTO- ·SEVOCOM.automatic supply-A system by which certainsupply requirements are automatically shippedor issued for a predetermined period <strong>of</strong> timewithout requisition by the using unit. It isbased upon estimated or experien~usagefactors.automatic throttle-A flight control system featurewhich actuates an aircraft throttle system basedon its own compuwion <strong>and</strong> feedback fromappropriate data sources.automatic toss(•)-In a flight control system, acontrol mode in which the toss bombing maneuver<strong>of</strong> an aircraft is controlled automatically.automatic trim-A flight control system featurewhich adjusts the trim <strong>of</strong> an aircraft in flight.Automatic Voice Network-A major subsystem <strong>of</strong>the Defense Switched Network. which replacedthe Automatic Voice Network as the principallong-haul, nonsecure voice communicationsnetwork within the Defense CommunicationsSystem. Also called AUTOVON. See alsoDefeuse Switched Network.automation-I. The implementation <strong>of</strong> processesby automatic means. 2. The conversion <strong>of</strong> aprocedure, a proceu, or equipment to automaticoperation. ~ "'autonomous operation-In air defense, the mode<strong>of</strong> operation assumed by a unit after it has lostall communications with higher echelons. Theunit conun<strong>and</strong>er assumes full responsibility forcontrol <strong>of</strong> weapons <strong>and</strong> engagement <strong>of</strong> hostilewgets.42AUTOVON-See Automatic Voice Network.A V -8-See Harrier.available payload-The passenger <strong>and</strong>/or cargocapacity expressed in weight <strong>and</strong>/or spaceavailable to the user.~~available-to-load date-A day, relative to C-day ~in a time-phased force <strong>and</strong> deployment data,that unit <strong>and</strong> nonunit equipment <strong>and</strong> forces canbegin loading on an aircraft or ship at the pon<strong>of</strong> embarkation. Also called ALD.avenue <strong>of</strong> approach-An air or ground route <strong>of</strong> anattacking force <strong>of</strong> a given size leading to itsobjective or to key terrain in its path.average speed(•)-The average distance traveledper hour. calculated over the whole journey~excluding specifically ordered halts.aviation combat element-See Marine air-groundtask force.aviation Ufe support equiJDent-5ee Ufe supportequiJDeDt.aviation medldlle(•)-The special field <strong>of</strong> medicinewhich is related to the biological <strong>and</strong>psychological problems <strong>of</strong> flight.axial route-A route running through the rear area<strong>and</strong> into the forward area. See also route.axis <strong>of</strong> advance-A line <strong>of</strong> advance assigned forpurposes <strong>of</strong> control; <strong>of</strong>ten a road or a group <strong>of</strong>roads, or a designated series <strong>of</strong> locations,extending in the direction <strong>of</strong> the enemy.j.,f\azimutb-Quantities may be expressed in positivequantities increasing in a clockwise direction,or in X. Y coordinates where south <strong>and</strong> westare negative. They may be referenced to truenorth or magnetic north depending on theparticular weapon system used.\.0/
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>azimuth angle(*)-An angle measured clockwisein the horizontal· plane between a referencedirection <strong>and</strong> any __ other line.azimuth guidance(*)-lnformation which willenable the pilot or autopilot <strong>of</strong> an aircraft t<strong>of</strong>ollow the required track.azimuth resolution(*)-The ability <strong>of</strong> radar equipmentto separate two reflectors at similarranges but different bearings from a referencepoint. Normally the minimum SeParationdistance between the reflectors is quoted <strong>and</strong>expressed as the angle subtended by the reflectorsat the reference point.-)43a
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> l-<strong>02</strong>44
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>BB-52-See Strat<strong>of</strong>ortress.background count(•)-The evidence or effect ona detector <strong>of</strong> radiation, other than that which itis desired to detect, caused by any agent. Inconnection with health protection, the backgroundcount usually includes radiations producedby naturally occurring radioactivity <strong>and</strong>cosmic rays.background radiation(*)-Nuclear (or ionizing)radiations arising from within the body <strong>and</strong>from the surroundings to which individuals arealways exposed.back order-The quantity <strong>of</strong> an item requisitionedby ordering activities that is not immediatelyavailable for issue but is recorded as a stockcommitment for future issue.back-scattering(*)-Radio wave propagation inwhich the direction <strong>of</strong> the incident <strong>and</strong> scatteredwaves, resolved along a reference direction(usually horizontal), are oppositely directed.A signal received by back-scattering is<strong>of</strong>ten referred to as "back-scatter."back tell(*)-The transfer <strong>of</strong> infonnation from ahigher to a lower echelon <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>. Seealso track telling.back-up(*)-In cartography, an image printed onthe reverse side <strong>of</strong> a map sheet already printedon one side. Also the printing <strong>of</strong> such images.backup aircraft authorization-Aircraft over <strong>and</strong>above the primary aircraft authorized to permitscheduled <strong>and</strong> unscheduled maintenance, modifications,<strong>and</strong> inspections <strong>and</strong> repair withoutreduction <strong>of</strong> aircraft available for the operationalmission. No operating resources are allocatedfor these aircraft in the Defense budget.See also primary aircraft authorization.backup aircraft inventory-The aircraft designatedto meet the backup authorization. See alsoprimary aircraft inventory.balance-A concept as applied to an arms controlmeasure that connotes: a. adjustments <strong>of</strong>armed forces <strong>and</strong> armaments in such a mannerthat one state does not obtain military advantageover other states agreeing to the measure;<strong>and</strong> b. internal adjustments by one state <strong>of</strong> itsforces in such manner as to enable it t'J copewith all aspects <strong>of</strong> remaining threat' to itssecurity in a post arms control agreement era.balanced stock(s)-1. That condition <strong>of</strong> supplywhen availability <strong>and</strong> requirements are inequilibrium for specific items. 2. An accumulation<strong>of</strong> supplies in quantities determinednecessary to meet requirements for a fiXedperiod.balance station zero-See reference datum.bale cubic capadty(*)-The space available forcargo measured in cubic feet to the inside <strong>of</strong>the cargo battens, on the frames, <strong>and</strong> to theunderside <strong>of</strong> the beams. In a general cargo <strong>of</strong>mixed commodities, the bale cubic applies.The stowage <strong>of</strong> the mixed cargo comes incontact with the cargo battens <strong>and</strong> as a generalrule does not extend to the skin <strong>of</strong> the ship.balisage(*)-The marking <strong>of</strong> a route by a system<strong>of</strong> dim beacon lights enabling vehicles to bedriven at near day-time speed, under blackoutconditions.ballistic missDe(*)-Any missile which does notrely upon aerodynamic surfaces to produce lift<strong>and</strong> consequently follows a ballistic trajectorywhen thrust is terminated. See also aerodynamicmissile; guided missUe.45
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lballistic missile early warning system-An electronicsystem for providing detection <strong>and</strong> earlywarning <strong>of</strong> attack by enemy inter-continentalballistic missiles.ballistics(*)-The science or art that deals with themotion, behavior, appearance, or modification<strong>of</strong> missiles or other vehicles acted upon bypropellants, wind, gravity, temperature, or anyother modifying substance, condition, or force.ballistic trajectory(*)-The trajectory traced afterthe propulsive force is terminated <strong>and</strong> the bodyis acted upon only by gravity <strong>and</strong> aerodynamicdrag.ballistic wind-That constant wind that would havethe same effect upon the trajectory <strong>of</strong> a bombor projectile as the wind encountered in flight.balloon barrage-See barrage, Part l.balloon reftector(*)-ln electronic warfare, aballoon-supported confusion reflector to producefraudulent echoes.b<strong>and</strong> pass-The number <strong>of</strong> cycles per secondexpressing the difference between the limitingfrequencies at which the desired fraction (usuallyhalf power) <strong>of</strong> the maximal output is obtained.Term applies to all types <strong>of</strong> amplifiers.bank angle(*)-The angle between the aircraft'snonnal axis <strong>and</strong> the Earth's vertical planecontaining the aircraft's longitudinal axis.bare base-A base having minimum essentialfacilities to house, sus~n, <strong>and</strong> support operationsto include, if required, a stabilized runway,taxiways, <strong>and</strong> aircraft parking areas. Abare base must have a source <strong>of</strong> water that canbe made potable. Other requirements to operateunder bare base conditions form a necessarypan <strong>of</strong> the force package deployed to the barebase. See also base.barometric altitude(*)-The altitude detenninedby a barometric altimeter by reference to apressure level <strong>and</strong> calculated according to thest<strong>and</strong>ard atmosphere laws. It corresponds tothe difference in altitude between the altimeterpressure level <strong>and</strong> the mean sea level pressure.barrage-I. A prearranged barrier <strong>of</strong> fire, exceptthat delivered by small anns, designed toprotect friendly troops <strong>and</strong> installations byimpeding enemy movements across defensivelines or areas. 2. A protective screen <strong>of</strong>balloons that are moored to the ground <strong>and</strong>kept at given heights to prevent or hinderoperations by enemy aircraft. This meaningalso called balloon barrage. 3. A type <strong>of</strong>electronic attack intended for simultaneousjamming over a wide area <strong>of</strong> frequency spec- ~trum. See also barrage jamming; electronic :warfare; fire.barrage fire(*)-Fire which is designed to fill avolume <strong>of</strong> space or area rather than aimedspecifically at a given target. See also fire.barrage jamming-Simultaneous electromagneticjamming over a broad b<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> frequencies.See also jamming.barrier-A coordinated series <strong>of</strong> obstacles designedor employed to channel, direct, restrict,delay, or stop the movement <strong>of</strong> an opposingforce <strong>and</strong> to impose additional losses in person-. nel, time, <strong>and</strong> equipment on the opposingforce. Barriers can exist naturally, be manmade,or a combination <strong>of</strong> both.barrier combat air patroi-Qne or more divisionsor elements <strong>of</strong> fighter aircraft employed betweena force <strong>and</strong> an obj~tive area as a barrieracross the probable direction <strong>of</strong> enemy attack.It is used as far from the force as controlconditions permit, giving added protectionagainst raids that use the most direct routes <strong>of</strong>approach. See also combat air patrol.46
·.·' :··. .;: · ~;r ' · .r • .•<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>barrier forces-Air, surface, <strong>and</strong> submarine units<strong>and</strong> their supporting systems positioned acrossthe likely courses <strong>of</strong> expected enemy transit forearly detection <strong>and</strong> providing rapid warning,blocking, <strong>and</strong> destruction <strong>of</strong> the enemy.barrier, obstacle, <strong>and</strong> mine warfare plan-Acomprehensive, coordinated plan which includesresponsibilities, general location <strong>of</strong>unspecified <strong>and</strong> specific barriers, obstacles, <strong>and</strong>minefields, special instructions, lin:titations,coordination, <strong>and</strong> completion times. The planmay designate locations <strong>of</strong> obstacle zones orbelts. It is normally prepared as an annex to acampaign plan, operation plan, or operationorder.bar scale-See graphic scale; scale.base(*)-I. A locality from which operations areprojected or supponed. 2. An area or localitycontaining installations which provide logisticor other support. See also emergency fleetoperating base; establishment. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 3.Home airfield or home carrier. See also base<strong>of</strong> operatiom; fadllty.base cluster-In base defense operations, a collection<strong>of</strong> bases, geographically grouped· formutual protection <strong>and</strong> ease <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>control.base cluster comm<strong>and</strong>er-In base defense operations,the senior <strong>of</strong>ficer in the base cluster(excluding medical <strong>of</strong>ficers, chaplains, <strong>and</strong>comm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>of</strong> transient units), with responsibilityfor cooramating the defense <strong>of</strong> baseswithin the base; cluster <strong>and</strong> for integratingdefense plans cf bases into a base clusterdefense plan. '·base cluster operatiom center-A comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>control facility that serves as the base clustercomm<strong>and</strong>er's focal point for defense <strong>and</strong> security<strong>of</strong> the base cluster.base comm<strong>and</strong>(*)-An area containing a militarybase or group <strong>of</strong> such bases organized underone comm<strong>and</strong>er. See also comm<strong>and</strong>.base comm<strong>and</strong>er-In base defense operations, the<strong>of</strong>ficer assigned to comril<strong>and</strong> a base.base complex-See Army base; installationcomplex; Marine base; naval base; naval ormarine (air) base. See also noncontiguousfacility.base defeme-The local military measures, bothnormal <strong>and</strong> emergency, required to nullify orreduce the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> enemy attacks on,or sabotage <strong>of</strong>, a base, to ensure that the maximumcapacity <strong>of</strong> its facilities is available to USforces.base defense forces-Troops assigned or attachedto a base for the primary purpose <strong>of</strong> basedefense <strong>and</strong> security, <strong>and</strong> augmentees <strong>and</strong>selectively anned personnel available to thebase comm<strong>and</strong>er for base defense from unitsperforming primary missions other than basedefense.base defense operatiom center-A comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>control facility established by the base comm<strong>and</strong>erto serve as the focal point for basesecurity <strong>and</strong> defense. It plans, directs, integrates,coordinates, <strong>and</strong> controls all base defenseefforts, <strong>and</strong> coordinates <strong>and</strong> integratesinto area security operations with the rear areaoperations center/rear tactical operations center.base defense zone-An air defense zone establishedaround an air base <strong>and</strong> limited to theengagement envelope <strong>of</strong> short-range air defenseweapons systems defending that base. Basedefense zones have specific entry, exit, <strong>and</strong>identification, friend or foe procedures established.Also called BDZ.47
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>base development(*)-The improvement or expansion<strong>of</strong> the resources <strong>and</strong> facilities <strong>of</strong> an area ora location to support military operations.base development plan--A plan for the facilities,installations, <strong>and</strong> bases required to supportmilitary operations.base element-See base UDit.base line(*)-1. (surveying) A surveyed lineestablished with more than usual care, to whichsurveys are referred for coordination <strong>and</strong>correlation. 2. (photogrammetry) The linebetween the principal points <strong>of</strong> two consecutivevertical air photographs. It is usually measuredon one photograph after the principal point <strong>of</strong>the other has been transferred. 3. (radionavigation systems) The shorter arc <strong>of</strong> the greatcircle joining two radio transmitting stations <strong>of</strong>a navigation system. 4. (triangulation) Theside <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> coordinated trianglesthe length <strong>of</strong> which is measured with prescribedaccuracy <strong>and</strong> precision <strong>and</strong> from which lengths<strong>of</strong> the other triangle sides are obtained bycomputation.base map(*)-A map or chart showing certainfundamental information, used as a base uponwhich additional data <strong>of</strong> specialized nature arecompiled or overprinted. Also, a map containingall the information from which maps showingspecialized information can be prepared.See also chart base; map.base <strong>of</strong> operations-An area or facility fromwhich a rnilitat! force begins its <strong>of</strong>fensiveoperations, to ~ch it falls back in case <strong>of</strong>reverse, <strong>and</strong> itt= which supply facilities areorganized. •·base period-That period <strong>of</strong> time for which factorswere determined for use in current planning<strong>and</strong> progranuning.base section-An area within the communicationszone in an area <strong>of</strong> operations organized toprovide logistic support to forward areas.base surge(*)-A cloud which rolls out from thebottom <strong>of</strong> the column produced by a subsurfaceburst <strong>of</strong> a nuclear weapon. For underwaterbursts, the surge is, in effect, a cloud <strong>of</strong> liquiddroplets which has the property <strong>of</strong> flowingalmost as if it were a homogeneous fluid. Forsubsurface l<strong>and</strong> bursts the surge is made up <strong>of</strong>small solid particles but still behaves like afluid.base UDit-1. Unit <strong>of</strong> organization in a tacticaloperation around which a movement or maneuveris planned <strong>and</strong> performed. 2. Base element.basic cover-coverage <strong>of</strong> any installation or area<strong>of</strong> a permanent nature with which later coveragecan be compared to discover any changesthat have taken place.basic encyclopedia-A compilation <strong>of</strong> identified ~0installations <strong>and</strong> physical areas <strong>of</strong> potentialsignificance as objectives for attack.basic intelllgence-Fundamental intelligence concerningthe general situation, resources, capabilities,<strong>and</strong> vulnerabilities <strong>of</strong> foreign countriesor areas which may be used as reference materialin the planning <strong>of</strong> operations at any level<strong>and</strong> in evaluating subsequent information relatingto the same subject.basic load(*)-The quantity <strong>of</strong> supplies required tobe on h<strong>and</strong> within, <strong>and</strong> which can be movedby, a unit or formation. It is expressed accordingto the wartime organization <strong>of</strong> the unit orformation <strong>and</strong> maintained at the prescribedlevels.basic military route network(*)-Axial, lateral,<strong>and</strong> connecting routes designated in peacetimeby the host nation to meet the anticipated48
,,1 t,. '~ : ' '<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>military movements <strong>and</strong> transport requirements,both allied <strong>and</strong> national. See also transportnetwork.basic psychological operations study-A documentwhich describes succinctly the characteristics<strong>of</strong> a country, geographical area, or regionwhich are most pertinent to psychologicaloperations, <strong>and</strong> which can serve as an immediatereference for the planning <strong>and</strong> conduct <strong>of</strong>psychological operations.basic research-Research directed toward theincrease <strong>of</strong> knowledge, the primary aim beinga greater knowledge or underst<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> thesubject under study. See also applied res~;research.basic stocks(*)-Stocks to support the execution <strong>of</strong>approved operational plans for an initial predeterminedperiod. See also stocks; sustainingstocks.basic stopping power(*)-The probability, expressedas a percentage, <strong>of</strong> a single vehiclebeing stopped by mines while attempting tocross a minefield.basic tactical organization-The conventionalorganization <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing force units for combat,involving combinations <strong>of</strong> infantry, supportingground arms, <strong>and</strong> aviation for accomplishment<strong>of</strong> missions ashore. This organizational fonnis employed as soon as possible following thel<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> the various assault components <strong>of</strong>the l<strong>and</strong>ing force~basic und~The essential things, expressedin broad~1erms, that must be done inorder to implement the comm<strong>and</strong>er's conceptsuccessfully. These may include military,diplomatic, economic, psychological, <strong>and</strong> othermeasures. See also strategic concept.basis <strong>of</strong> issue-Authority which prescribes thenumber <strong>of</strong> items to be issued to an individual,a unit, a military organization, or for a unitpiece <strong>of</strong> equipment.bathymetric contour-See depth contour.battalion l<strong>and</strong>ing team-In an amphibious operation,an infantry battalion normally reinforcedby necessary combat <strong>and</strong> service elements; thebasic unit for planning an assault l<strong>and</strong>ing. Alsocalled BLT.battery(*)-I. Tactical <strong>and</strong> administrative artilleryunit or subunit corresponding to a company orsimilar unit in other branches <strong>of</strong> the Army. 2.All guns, torpedo tubes, searchlights, or missilelaunchers <strong>of</strong> the same size or caliber or usedfor the same purpose, either installed in oneship or otherwise operating as an entity.battery center(*)-A point on the ground, thecoordinates <strong>of</strong> which are used as a referenceindicating the location <strong>of</strong> the battery in theproduction <strong>of</strong> firing data. Also called chartlocation <strong>of</strong> the battery.battery (troop) left (right)-A method <strong>of</strong> fire inwhich weapons are discharged from the left(right), one after the other, at five secondintervals.battle damage assessment-The timely <strong>and</strong> accurateestimate <strong>of</strong> damage resulting from theapplication <strong>of</strong> military force, either lethal ornon-lethal, against a predetermined objective.Battle damage assessment can be applied to theemployment <strong>of</strong> all types <strong>of</strong> weapon systems(air, ground, naval, <strong>and</strong> special forces weaponsystems) throughout the range <strong>of</strong> militaryoperations. Battle damage assessment is primarilyan intelligence responsibility withrequired inputs <strong>and</strong> coordination from theoperators. Battle damage assessment is composed<strong>of</strong> physical damage assessment, functionaldamage assessment, <strong>and</strong> target system assessment.Also called BDA. See also bombdamage assessment; combat assessment.49
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>battle damage repair(*)-Essential repair, whichmay be improvised, carried out rapidly in abattle environment in order to return damagedor disabled equipment to temporary service.battlefield coordination element-An Armyliaison provided by the Army ·componentcomm<strong>and</strong>er to the Air Operations Center(AOC) <strong>and</strong>/or to the com~nent designated bythe joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er to plan, coordinate,<strong>and</strong> deconflict air operations. The battlefieldcoordination element processes Army requestsfor tactical air support, monitors <strong>and</strong> interpretsthe l<strong>and</strong> battle situation for the · AOC, <strong>and</strong>provides the necessary interface for exchange<strong>of</strong> current intelligence <strong>and</strong> operational data.Also called BCE.battlefield illumination(*)-The lighting <strong>of</strong> thebattle area by artificial light, either visible orinvisible to the naked eye. See also artifidaldaylight; artificial moonlight; indirect illumination.battlefield psychological activities(•)-Plannedpsychological activities conducted as an integralpart <strong>of</strong> combat operations <strong>and</strong> designed to bringpsychological pressure to bear on enemy forces ·<strong>and</strong> civilians under enemy control in the battlearea, to assist in the achievement <strong>of</strong> the tacticalobjectives.battlefieldsurveillance(•)-Systematicobservation<strong>of</strong> the battle area for the purpose <strong>of</strong> providingtimely information <strong>and</strong> combat intelligence.See also surveillance....battle force-A sta$ding operational naval taskforce organizatioii-<strong>of</strong> carriers, surface combatants,<strong>and</strong> submarines assigned to numberedfleets. A battle force is subdivided into battlegroups.battle group-A st<strong>and</strong>ing naval task group consisting<strong>of</strong> a carrier or battleship, surface combatants,<strong>and</strong> submarines as assigned in directsosupport, operating in mutual support with thetask <strong>of</strong> destroying hostile submarine, surface,<strong>and</strong> air forces within the group's assigned area<strong>of</strong> responsibility <strong>and</strong> striking at targets alonghostile shore lines or projecting fire powerinl<strong>and</strong>.battle map-A map showing ground features insufficient detail for tactical use by all forces,usually at a scale <strong>of</strong> 1:25,000. See also map.battle reserves-Reserve supplies accumulated byan army, detached corps, or detached divisionin the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the battlefield, in a~dition tounit <strong>and</strong> individual reserves. See also reservesupplies.BCE-See battlefield coordination element.BDA-See battle damage assessment; bombdamage assessment.BDZ-See base defense zone.beach-1. The area extending from the shorelineinl<strong>and</strong> to a marked change in physiographicform or material, or to the line <strong>of</strong> permanentvegetation (coastline). 2. In amphibiousoperations, that portion <strong>of</strong> the shoreline designatedfor l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> a tactical organization.beach capacity(*)-An estimate, expressed interms <strong>of</strong> measurement tons, or weight tons, <strong>of</strong>cargo that may be unloaded over a designatedstrip <strong>of</strong> shore per day. See also clearancecapacity; port capacity •beach group-See naval beach group; shoreparty.beachhead-A designated area on a hostile or· potentially hostile shore that, when seized <strong>and</strong>held, ensures the continuous l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> troops<strong>and</strong> materiel, <strong>and</strong> provides maneuver spacerequisite for subsequent projected operationsashore.
.: t .· .•..' : .:.·· ~beach l<strong>and</strong>ing site-A geographic location selectedfor across-the-beach infiltration, exfiltration, orresupply operations. Also called BLS.beach marker-A sign or device used to identifya beach or cenain activities thereon for incomingwaterborne traffic. Markers may be panels,lights, buoys, or electronic devices.beadunaster-The naval <strong>of</strong>ficer in comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>the beachmaster unit <strong>of</strong> the naval beacb group.beadunaster unit-A commissioned naval unit <strong>of</strong>the naval beach group designed to provide tothe shore party a naval component known as abeach party which is capable <strong>of</strong> supporting theamphibious l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> one division (reinforced).See also beach party; shore party.beach minefield(*)-A minefield in the shallowwater approaches to a possible amphibiousl<strong>and</strong>ing beach. See also minefield.beach organization-In an amphibious operation,the planned arrangement <strong>of</strong> personnel <strong>and</strong>facilities to effect movement, supply, <strong>and</strong>evacuation across beaches <strong>and</strong> in the beach areafor support <strong>of</strong> a l<strong>and</strong>ing force.beach party-The naval component <strong>of</strong> the shoreparty. See also beadunaster unit; shoreparty.beach party comm<strong>and</strong>er-The naval <strong>of</strong>ficer incomm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> the naval component <strong>of</strong> the shoreparty.beach photographyrVertical, oblique, ground,<strong>and</strong> periscope cctVerage at varying scales toprovide information <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fshore, shore, <strong>and</strong>inl<strong>and</strong> areas. It covers terrain which providesobservation <strong>of</strong> the beaches <strong>and</strong> is primarily .concerned ·with the geological <strong>and</strong> tacticalaspects <strong>of</strong> the beach.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>beach rese"es(*)-ln an amphibious operation, anaccumulation <strong>of</strong> supplies <strong>of</strong> all classes establishedin dumps in beachhead areas. See alsorese"e supplies.beach support area-In amphibious operations,the area to the rear <strong>of</strong> a l<strong>and</strong>ing force or elementsthere<strong>of</strong>, established <strong>and</strong> operated byshore party units, which contains the facilitiesfor the unloading <strong>of</strong> troops <strong>and</strong> materiel <strong>and</strong>the support <strong>of</strong> the forces ashore; it includesfacilities for the evacuation <strong>of</strong> wounded, enemyprisoners <strong>of</strong> war, <strong>and</strong> captured materiel.beach survey-The collection <strong>of</strong> data describingthe physical characteristics <strong>of</strong> a beach; that is,an area whose boundaries are a shoreline~ acoastline, <strong>and</strong> two natural or arbitrary assignedflanks.beach width-The horizontal dimensions <strong>of</strong> thebeach measured at right angles to the shorelinefrom the line <strong>of</strong> extreme low water inl<strong>and</strong> tothe l<strong>and</strong>ward limit <strong>of</strong> the beach (the coastline).beacon-A light or electronic source which emitsa distinctive or characteristic signal used for thedetermination <strong>of</strong> bearings, courses, or location.(<strong>DOD</strong>, NATO) See crash locator beacon; fanmarker beacon; localizer; meaconing; personallocator beacon; radio beacon; submarine locatoracoustic beacon; Z marker beacon.beacon double-In air intercept, a code meaning,"Pilot select double pulse mode on your trackingbeacon."beacon <strong>of</strong>f-In air intercept, a code meaning,"Tum <strong>of</strong>f your tracking beacon."beacon on-In air intercept, a code meaning,"Tum on your tracking beacon."beam attack-In air intercept, an attack by aninterceptor aircraft attack which terminates witha heading crossing angle greater than 45 de-51
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>grees but less than 135 degrees.heading crossing angle.See alsobeam rider-A missile guided by an electronicbeam.beam width-The angle between the directions, oneither side <strong>of</strong> the axis, at which the intensity <strong>of</strong>the radio frequency field drops to one-half the ·value it has on the axis.bearing(•)-The horizontal angle at a given pointmeasured clockwise from a specific datumpoint to a second point. See also grid bearing;relative bearing; true bearing.beaten zone-The area on the ground upon whichthe cone <strong>of</strong> fire falls.beleaguered-See missing.bent-In air intercept <strong>and</strong> close air support, a codemeaning, "Equipment indicated is inoperative(temporarily or indefinitely)." Cancelled by"Okay."besieged-See missing.bilateral infrastructure(•)-lnfrastructure whichconcerns only two NATO members <strong>and</strong> isfinanced by mutual agreement between them(e.g., facilities required for the use <strong>of</strong> forces <strong>of</strong>one NATO member in the territory <strong>of</strong> another).See also infrastructure.billet-1. Shelter for troops. 2. To quartertroops. 3. A persennel position or assignmentwhich may be fil~ by one person.binary ·chemical munition(•)-A munition inwhich chemical substances, held in separatecontainers, react when mixed or combined as aresult <strong>of</strong> being fired, launched or otherwiseinitiated to produce a chemical agent. See alsomunition; chemical munition; multi-agentmunition.binding(•)-The fastening or securing <strong>of</strong> items toa movable platform called a pallet. See alsopalletized unit load.bingo-1. When originated by pilot, means, "Ihave reached minimal fuel for safe return tobase or to designated alternate." 2. Whenoriginated by controlling activity, means,"Proceed to alternate airfield or carrier asspecified."bingo field-Alternate airfield.bin storage-Storage <strong>of</strong> items <strong>of</strong> supplies <strong>and</strong>equipment in an individual compartment orsubdivision <strong>of</strong> a storage unit in less than bulkquantities. See also bulk storage; storage.biographical intelligence-That component <strong>of</strong>intelligence which deals with individual foreignpersonalities <strong>of</strong> actual or potential importance.biological agent-A microorganism that causesdisease in personnel, plants, or animals or .~causes the deterioration <strong>of</strong> materiel. See alsobiological operation; biological weapon;chemical agent.biological ammunition(•)-A type <strong>of</strong> anununition,the filler <strong>of</strong> which is primarily a biologicalagent.biological defense(•)-The methods, plans, <strong>and</strong>procedures involved in establishing <strong>and</strong> executingdefensive measures against attacks usingbiological agents.biological environment(•)-Conditions found inan area resulting from direct or persistingeffects <strong>of</strong> biological weapons.biological half-time-See half-life.biological operation(•)-Employment <strong>of</strong>biologicalagents to produce casualties in personnel or52
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>animals <strong>and</strong> damage to plants or materiel; ordefense against such employment.biological warfare-See biological operation.biological weapon(*)-An item <strong>of</strong> materiel whichprojects, disperses, or disseminates a biologicalagent including arthropod vectors.black-In intelligence h<strong>and</strong>ling, a term used incenain phrases (e.g., living black, black bordercrossing) to indicate reliance on illegal concealmentrather than on cover.black list-An <strong>of</strong>ficial counterintelligence listing <strong>of</strong>actual or potential enemy collaborators, sympathizers,intelligence suspects, <strong>and</strong> other personswhose presence menaces the security <strong>of</strong> friendlyforces.black propag<strong>and</strong>a-Propag<strong>and</strong>a which purpons toemanate from a source other than the true one.See also propag<strong>and</strong>a.blast(*)-The brief <strong>and</strong> rapid movement <strong>of</strong> air,vapor or fluid away from a center <strong>of</strong> outwardpressure, as in an explosion or in the combustion<strong>of</strong> rocket fuel; the pressure accompanyingthis movement. This term is commonly usedfor "explosion," but the two terms may bedistinguished.blast effect-Destruction <strong>of</strong> or damage to structures<strong>and</strong> personnel by the force <strong>of</strong> an explosionon or above the surface <strong>of</strong> the ground.Blast effect may be contrasted with the cratering<strong>and</strong> ground-shock effects <strong>of</strong> a projectile orcharge that goes ~ beneath the surface.blast line-A horizonial radial line on the surface. <strong>of</strong> the Earth originating at ground zero onwhich measurements <strong>of</strong> blast from an explosionare taken.blast wave-A sharply defmed wave <strong>of</strong> increasedpressure rapidly propagated through a sur-rounding medium from a center <strong>of</strong> detonationor similar disturbance.blast wave diffraction(*)-The passage around<strong>and</strong> envelopment <strong>of</strong> a structure by the nuclearblast wave.bleeding edge(*)-That edge <strong>of</strong> a map or chart onwhich cartographic detail is extended to theedge <strong>of</strong> the sheet.blind bombing zone(*)-A restricted area (air,l<strong>and</strong>, or sea) established for the purpose <strong>of</strong>permitting air operations, unrestricted by theoperations or possible attack <strong>of</strong> friendly forces.blind transmission-Any transmission <strong>of</strong> informationthat is made without expectation <strong>of</strong> acknowledgement.blip(*)-The display <strong>of</strong> a received pulse on acathode ray tube.blister agent(*)-A chemical agent which injuresthe eyes <strong>and</strong> lungs, <strong>and</strong> burns or blisters thes~. Also called vesicant agent.blocking <strong>and</strong> chocking(*)-The use <strong>of</strong> wedges orchocks to prevent the inadvertent shifting <strong>of</strong>cargo in transit.blocking position(*)-A defensive position so sitedas to deny the enemy access to a given area orto prevent his advance in a given direction.block shipment-A method <strong>of</strong> shipment <strong>of</strong> suppliesto overseas areas to provide balancedstocks or an arbitrary balanced force for aspecific number <strong>of</strong> days, e.g., shipment <strong>of</strong> 30days' supply for an average force <strong>of</strong> 10,000individuals.block stowage loading(*)-A method <strong>of</strong> loadingwhereby all cargo for a specific destination isstowed together. The purpose is to facilitaterapid <strong>of</strong>f-loading at the destination, with the53
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>least possible disturbance <strong>of</strong> cargo intended forother points. See also loading.blood agent(*)-A chemical compound, includingthe cyanide group, that affects bodily functionsby preventing the nonnal utilization <strong>of</strong> oxygenby body tissues.blood chit-A small cloth chart depicting anAmerican Flag <strong>and</strong> a statement in severallanguages to the effect that anyone assisting thebearer to safety will be rewarded.blood chit (intelligence)-See blood cbit.blow-To expose, <strong>of</strong>ten unintentionally, personnel,installations, or other elements <strong>of</strong> a cl<strong>and</strong>estineorganization or activity.blowback(*)-1. Escape, to the rear <strong>and</strong> underpressure, <strong>of</strong> gases formed during the firing <strong>of</strong>the weapon. Blowback may be caused by adefective breech mechanism, a ruptured cartridgecase, or a faulty primer. 2. Type <strong>of</strong>weapon operation in which the force <strong>of</strong> exp<strong>and</strong>inggases acting to the rear against the face <strong>of</strong>the bolt furnishes all the energy required toinitiate the complete cycle <strong>of</strong> operation. . Aweapon which employs this method <strong>of</strong> operationis characterized by the absence <strong>of</strong> any. breech-lock or bolt-lock mechanism.BLS-See beach l<strong>and</strong>iDg site.Blue Bark-US military personnel, US citizencivilian employees <strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> Defense,<strong>and</strong> the dependents <strong>of</strong> both categorieswho travel in coqpection with the death <strong>of</strong> animmediate family§ member. It also applies todesignated escorts for dependents <strong>of</strong> deceasedmilitary members. Furthermore, the term isused to designate the personal property shipment<strong>of</strong> a deceased member.blue comm<strong>and</strong>er{*)-The <strong>of</strong>ficer designated toexercise operational control over blue forcesfor a specific period during an exercise.boat diagram-In the assault phase <strong>of</strong> an amphibiousoperation, a diagram showing the positions<strong>of</strong> individuals <strong>and</strong> equipment in each boat.boat group-The basic organization <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ingcraft. One boat group is organized for eachbattalion l<strong>and</strong>ing team (or equivalent) to bel<strong>and</strong>ed in the first trip <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing craft oramphibious vehicles.boat group comm<strong>and</strong>er-An <strong>of</strong>ficer assigned tobe embarked in a control boat who is responsiblefor discipline <strong>and</strong> organization within theboat group to complete the assigned mission.boat lane(*)-A lane for amphibious assault l<strong>and</strong>ingcraft, which extends seaward from thel<strong>and</strong>ing beaches to the line <strong>of</strong> departure. Thewidth <strong>of</strong> a boat lane is determined by the length<strong>of</strong> the corresponding beach.boat space-The space <strong>and</strong> weight factor used todetermine the capacity <strong>of</strong> boats, l<strong>and</strong>ing craft,<strong>and</strong> amphibious vehicles. With respect tol<strong>and</strong>ing craft <strong>and</strong> amphibious vehicles, it isbased on the requirements <strong>of</strong> one person withindividual equipment. The person is assumedto weigh 224 pounds <strong>and</strong> to occupy 13.5 cubicfeet <strong>of</strong> space. See also man space.boattall(*)-The conical section <strong>of</strong> a ballistic bodythat progressively decreases in diameter towardthe tail to reduce overall aerodynamic drag.boat wave-See wave.bogey-An air contact which is unidentified butassumed to be enemy. (Not to be confusedwith unknown.) See also friendly; hostile.bomb damage assessment-The determination <strong>of</strong>the effect <strong>of</strong> all air attacks on targets (e.g.,54
. : ~,, ·. .l •.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>bombs, guided missiles, rockets, or strafing).Also called BDA. See also battle damageassessment; combat assessment.bomb disposal UDit-See explosive ordnancedisposal UDit.bomber-See intermediate-range bomber aircraft;long-range bomber aircraft; mediumrangebomber aircraft.bomb impact plot-A graphic representation <strong>of</strong>the target area, usually a pre-strike air photograph,on which prominent dots are plotted tomark the impact or detonation points <strong>of</strong> bombsdropped on a specific bombing attack.bombmg angle(*)-The angle between the venical<strong>and</strong> a line joining the aircraft to what would bethe point <strong>of</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> a bomb released from itat that instant.bombillg height(*)-ln air operations, the heightabove ground level at which the aircraft isflying at the moment <strong>of</strong> ordnance release.Bombing heights are classified as follows:very low: below 100 feet;low: from 100 to 2,000 feet; ·medium: from 2,000 to 10,000 feet;bigh: from 10,000 to 50,000 feet;very bigh: 50,000 feet <strong>and</strong> above.bombiDg nm(*)-ln air bombing, that pan <strong>of</strong> theflight that begins, normally from an initialpoint, with the approach to the target, includestarget acquisition, <strong>and</strong> ends normally at theweapon release ri.£int.,.bomb line--See lirf.support coordiDation line.bomb release line(*)-An imaginary line around adefended area or objective over which anaircraft should release its bomb in order toobtain a hit or hits on an area or objective.bomb release point(*)-The point in space atwhich bombs must be released to reach thedesired point <strong>of</strong> detonation.bonding(*)-In electrical engineering, the process<strong>of</strong> connecting together metal pans so that theymake low resistance electrical contact for directcurrent <strong>and</strong> lower frequency alternating currents.See also eartbing; grounding.booby trap(*)-An explosive or nonexplosivedevice or other material, deliberately placed tocause casualties when an apparently hannlessobject is disturbed or a normally safe act isperformed.booster(*)-1. A high-explosive element sufficientlysensitive so as to be actuated by smallexplosive elements in a fuze or primer <strong>and</strong>powerful enough to cause detonation <strong>of</strong> themain explosive filling. 2. An auxiliary orinitial propulsion system which travels with amissile or aircraft <strong>and</strong> which may or may notseparate from the parent craft when its impulsehas been delivered. A booster system maycontain, or consist <strong>of</strong>, one or more units.boost phase-That ponion <strong>of</strong> the flight <strong>of</strong> a ballisticmissile or space vehicle during which thebooster <strong>and</strong> sustainer engines operate. See alsomidcourse phase; reentry phase; terminalphase.border(*)-In canography, the area <strong>of</strong> a map orchan lying between the neatline <strong>and</strong> the surroundingframework.border break(*)-A canographic technique usedwhen it is required to extend a ponion <strong>of</strong> thecanographic detail <strong>of</strong> a map or chan beyondthe sheetlines into the margin.border crosser(*)-An individual, living close toa frontier, who normally has to cross thefrontier frequently for legitimate purposes.55
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lboresafe fuze(*)-Type <strong>of</strong> fuze having an interrupterin the explosive train that prevents aprojectile from exploding until after it hascleared the muzzle <strong>of</strong> a weapon. See also fuze.bottom mine(*)-A mine with negative buoyancywhich remains on the seabed. Also calledground mine. See also mine.bound(*)-1. In l<strong>and</strong> warfare, a single mo'Vement,usually from cover to cover," made by troops<strong>of</strong>ten under enemy fire. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 2. Distancecovered in one movement by a unit that isadvancing by bounds.boundary-A line which delineates surface areasfor the purpose <strong>of</strong> facilitating coordination <strong>and</strong>deconfliction <strong>of</strong> operations between adjacentunits, formations, or areas. See also airspacecontrol boundary.bouquet mine(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a minein which a number <strong>of</strong> buoyant mine cases areattached to the same sinker, so that when themooring <strong>of</strong> one mine case is cut, another minerises from the sinker to its set depth. See alsomine.BQM-34-See Firebee.bracketing(*)-A method <strong>of</strong> adjusting fire inwhich a bracket is established by obtaining anover <strong>and</strong> a short along the spotting line, <strong>and</strong>then successively splitting the bracket in halfuntil a target hit or desired bracket is obtained.branch-1. A subdi'tision <strong>of</strong> any organization. 2.A geographicall~ separate unit <strong>of</strong> an activitywhich perfonns all or part <strong>of</strong> the primaryfunctions <strong>of</strong> the parent activity on a smallerscale. Unlike an annex, a branch is not merelyan overflow addition. 3. An arm or serviee <strong>of</strong>the Army.breakaway(*)-!. The onset <strong>of</strong> a condition inwhich the shock front moves away from theexterior <strong>of</strong> the exp<strong>and</strong>ing fireball produced bythe explosion <strong>of</strong> a nuclear weapon. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 2.After completion <strong>of</strong> attack, tum to heading asdirected.break otT-In close air support, a comm<strong>and</strong> utilizedto immediately terminate an attack.break<strong>of</strong>f position(*)-The position at which aIeaver or Ieaver section breaks <strong>of</strong>f from themain convoy to proceed to a different destination.break-up(*)-1. In detection by radar, the separation<strong>of</strong> one solid return into a number <strong>of</strong> individualreturns which correspond to the variousobjects or structure groupings. This separationis contingent upon a number <strong>of</strong> factors includingrange, beam width, gain setting, object size<strong>and</strong> distance between objects. 2. In imageryinterpretation, the result <strong>of</strong> magnification orenlargement which causes the imaged item tolose its identity <strong>and</strong> the resultant presentation to f\become a r<strong>and</strong>om series <strong>of</strong> tonal impressions.Also called split-up.brevity code(*)-A code which provides no securitybut which has as its sole purpose the shortening<strong>of</strong> messages rather than the concealment<strong>of</strong> their content.bridgehead-An area <strong>of</strong> ground held or to begained on the enemy's side <strong>of</strong> an obstacle. Seealso airhead; beachhead.bridgehead line(*)-The limit <strong>of</strong> the objective areain the development <strong>of</strong> the bridgehead. See alsoobjective area.briefing(*)-The act <strong>of</strong> giving in advance specificinstructions or information.brigade-A unit usually smaller than a division towhich are attached groups <strong>and</strong>/or battalions <strong>and</strong>smaller units tailored to meet anticipated requirements.56
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lbroadcast-controlled air interception(*)-Aninterception in which the interceptor is given acontinuous broadcast <strong>of</strong> information concerningan enemy raid <strong>and</strong> effects interception withoutfurther control. See also air interception;close-controlled air interception.Bronco-A light, twin turboprop, twinseafobservation<strong>and</strong> support aircraft. May be equippedwith machine guns <strong>and</strong> light ordnance for closeair support missions. Designated as 9V-10.buffer distance(*)-ln nuclear warfare: 1. Thehorizontal distance which, when added to theradius <strong>of</strong> safety, will give the desired assurancethat the specified degree <strong>of</strong> risk will not beexceeded. The buffer distance is normallyexpressed quantitatively in multiples <strong>of</strong> thedelivery error. 2. The vertical distance whichis added to the fallout safe-height <strong>of</strong> burst inorder to determine a desired height <strong>of</strong> burstwhich will provide the desired assurance thatmilitarily significant fallout will not occur. Itis normally expressed quantitatively in multiples<strong>of</strong> the vertical error.bug-1. A concealed microphone or listeningdevice or other audiosurveillance device. 2.To install means for audiosurveillance.bugged-Room or object which contains a concealedlistening device.buildup(*)-The process <strong>of</strong> attaining prescribedstrength <strong>of</strong> units <strong>and</strong> prescribed levels <strong>of</strong> vehicles,equipment, stores, <strong>and</strong> supplies. Alsomay be applied to the means <strong>of</strong> accomplishingthis process. :--bulk cargo-That. which is generally shipped involume where the transportation conveyance isthe only external container; such as liquids,ore, or grain.bulk petrolemn product(*)-A liquid petroleumproduct transported by various means <strong>and</strong>stored in tanks or containers having an individualfill capacity greater than 250 liters.bulk storage-1. Storage in a warehouse <strong>of</strong>. supplies <strong>and</strong> equipment in large quantities,usually in original containers, as distinguishedfrom bin storage. 2. Storage <strong>of</strong> liquids, suchas petroleum products in tanks, as distinguishedfrom drum or packaged storage. See also binstorage; storage.burial-See emergency burial; group burial;trench burial. See also graves registration.burn-t. Deliberately expose the true status <strong>of</strong> aperson under cover. 2. The legitimate destruction<strong>and</strong> burning <strong>of</strong> classified material,usually accomplished by the custodian as prescribedin regulations.burned-Used to indicate that a cl<strong>and</strong>estine operatorhas been exposed to the operation (especiallyin a surveillance) or that reliability as asource· <strong>of</strong> information has been compromised.burn notice-An <strong>of</strong>ficial statement by one intelligenceagency to other agencies, domestic orforeign, that an individual or group is unreliablefor any <strong>of</strong> a variety <strong>of</strong> reasons.burnout(*)-The point in time or in the missiletrajectory when combustion <strong>of</strong> fuels in therocket engine is terminated by other thanprogrammed cut<strong>of</strong>f.burnout velocity(*)-The velocity attained by amissile at the point <strong>of</strong> burnout.burn-through range-The distance at which aspecific radar can discern targets through theexternal interference being received.buster-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Fly atmaximal continuous speed (or power)."57
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>-~ .58
C-5-See Galaxy.C-130-See Hercules.C-141-See StarUfter.Cl-protectioo-See comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control warfare.C4 systems-See comm<strong>and</strong>, control, commUDicatioas,<strong>and</strong> computer systems.CA-see combat assessment.calibrated focal leogtb(*)-An adjusted value <strong>of</strong>the equivalent focal length, so computed as toequalize the positive <strong>and</strong> negative values <strong>of</strong>distonion over the entire field used in a camera.See also focal leogtb.call fire-Fire delivered on a specific target inresponse to a request from the supported unit.See also fire.call for fire(*)-A request for fire containing datanecessary for obtaining the required fire on atarget.call mission(*)-A type <strong>of</strong> air support missionwhich is not requested sufficiently in advance<strong>of</strong> the desired time <strong>of</strong> execution to permitdetailed planning ~ briefing <strong>of</strong> pilots prior totake<strong>of</strong>f. Aircraft scheduled for this type <strong>of</strong>mission are on air~ ground, or carrier alen, <strong>and</strong>are anned with a_lrescribed load.. .:..~call sign(*)-Any -ination <strong>of</strong> characters orpronounceable words, which identifies a communicationfacility, a comm<strong>and</strong>, an authority,an activity, or a unit; used primarily for establishing<strong>and</strong> maintaining cormnunications. Seealso coUective call sip; iDdefiDite call sip;c<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0linternational call sign; net call sign; tacticalcall sign; visual call sign; voice call sign.camera uis(*)-An imaginary line through theoptical center <strong>of</strong> the lens perpendicular to thenegative photo plane.camera axis direction(*)-Direction on the horizontalplane <strong>of</strong> the optical axis <strong>of</strong> the camera atthe time <strong>of</strong> exposure. This direction is definedby its azimuth expressed in degrees in relationto true/magnetic nonh.camera calibration(*)-The detennination <strong>of</strong> thecalibrated focal length, the location <strong>of</strong> theprincipal point with respect to the fiducialmarks <strong>and</strong> the lens distonion effective in thefocal plane <strong>of</strong> the camera referred to the panicwarcalibrated focal length.camera · cycliq rate(*)-The frequency withwhich camera frames are exposed, expressed ascycles per second.camera nadir-see photo nadir.camera station (photogrammetry)-See airstation (pbotogrammetry).camouflage(*)-The use <strong>of</strong> natural or anificialnwerial on personnel, objects, or tacticalpositions with the aim <strong>of</strong> confusing, misleading,or evading the enemy. See also countersurveillaac:e.camouflage detection pbotograpby(*)-Photographyutilizing a special type <strong>of</strong>film (usually infrared) designed for the detection<strong>of</strong> camouflage. See also false color film.camouflet(*)-The resulting cavity in a deepunderground burst when there is no rupture <strong>of</strong>the surface. See also crater.59
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>camp-A group <strong>of</strong> tents, huts, or other shelter setup temporarily for troops, <strong>and</strong> more permanentthan a bivouac. A military post, temporary orpennanent, may be called a camp.campaigu-A series <strong>of</strong> related military operationsaimed at accomplishing a strategic or operationalobjective within a given time <strong>and</strong> space. ·Seealso campaign plan.campaign plan-A plan for a series <strong>of</strong> relatedmilitary operations aimed to achieve strategic<strong>and</strong> operational objectives within a given time<strong>and</strong> space. See also campaip.aanau,._ To restrict operations to a narrow zoneby use <strong>of</strong> existing or reinforcing obstacles orby fire or bombing.cancel(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire suppon,the term, "cancel," when coupled with a previousorder, other than an order for a quantity ortype <strong>of</strong> ammunition, rescinds that order.cancel check firing-The order to rescind checkfiring.cancel converge-The comm<strong>and</strong> used to rescindconverge.camdbalize(*)-To remove serviceable parts from·one· item <strong>of</strong> equipment in order to install themon another item <strong>of</strong> equipment.cannot obsene(*)-A type <strong>of</strong> fire control whichindicates that the observer or spotter will beunable to adjust fire, but believes a wget existsat the given location:.OO is <strong>of</strong> sufficient importanceto justify fiADg upon it without adjustmentor observation.CAP-see crisis action plannina.capability-The ability to execute a specifiedcourse <strong>of</strong> action. (A capability may or may notbe accompanied by an intention.)capacity load (Navy)-The maximum quantity <strong>of</strong>all supplies (ammunition; petroleum, oils, <strong>and</strong>lubricants; rations; general stores; maintenancestores; etc.) which each vessel can carry inproponions prescribed by proper authority.See also combat load (air); wartime load.c:apsule(*)-1. A sealed, pressurized cabin forextremely high altitude or space flight whichprovides an acceptable environment for man,animal, or equipment. 2. An ejectable sealedcabin having automatic devices for safe return<strong>of</strong> the occupants to the surface.captive firing(*)-A firing test <strong>of</strong> shon duration,conducted with the missile propulsion systemoperating while secured to a test st<strong>and</strong>.captured-See missiDg.c:ardiDal point effect(*)-The increased intensity<strong>of</strong> a line or group <strong>of</strong> returns on the radarscopeoccurring when the radar beam is perpendicularto the rectangular surface <strong>of</strong> a line or group <strong>of</strong>similarly aligned features in the ground pattern.caretaker status-A nonoperating condition inwhich the installations, materiel, <strong>and</strong> facilitiesare in a care <strong>and</strong> limited preservation status.Only a minimum <strong>of</strong> personnel is required tosafeguard against fire, theft, <strong>and</strong> damage fromthe elements.cargo(*)-Commodities <strong>and</strong> supplies in transit.See also air cargo; ctaqerous cargo; essentialcargo; immediately vital cargo; unwantedcargo; valuable cargo; wanted cargo. Seealso loading; chemical ammunition cargo;·flatted carp; aeneral c:argo; beavy-Uft cargo;bigh explosive carao; inflammable cargo;perishable cargo; special cargo; troop spacecargo; vebide cargo.c:argo carrier-Highly mobile, air transportable,unarmored, full-tracked cargo <strong>and</strong> logisticcarrier capable <strong>of</strong> swimming inl<strong>and</strong> waterways601\,
-' .. ~·. ;.. ' .<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>...<strong>and</strong> accompanying <strong>and</strong> resupplying self-propelledanillery weapons. Designated as M548.cargo classification (combat loading)-The division<strong>of</strong> military cargo into categories for combatloading aboard ships. See also cargo.cargo outturn message-A brief message repontransmitted within 48 hours <strong>of</strong> completion <strong>of</strong>ship discharge to advise both the <strong>Military</strong>Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> the terminal <strong>of</strong> loading <strong>of</strong>the condition <strong>of</strong> the cargo, including ~y discrepanciesin the form <strong>of</strong> overages, sbonages,or damages between cargo as manifested <strong>and</strong>cargo as checked at time <strong>of</strong> discharge.cargo outturn report-A detailed repon preparedby a discharging terminal to record discrepanciesin the form <strong>of</strong> over, sbon, <strong>and</strong> damagedcargo as manifested, <strong>and</strong> cargo checked at atime <strong>and</strong> place <strong>of</strong> discharge from ship.cargo sling(*)-A strap, chain, or other materialused to bold cargo items securely which are tobe hoisted, lowered, or suspended.cargo tie-down point-A point on military materieldesigned for attachment <strong>of</strong> various meansfor securing the item for uanspon.cargo traDsporter-A reusable metal shippingcontainer designed for worldwide surface <strong>and</strong>air movement <strong>of</strong> suitable military supplies <strong>and</strong>equipment through the cargo ttansponer service.carpet bombq(*)-'Qle progressive distribution<strong>of</strong> a mass bomb lpjd upon an area defined bydesignated bouncflrles, in such manner as toinflid damage to~ ponions there<strong>of</strong>.~carrier air group(*)-Two or more aircraft squadronsformed under one comm<strong>and</strong>er for admin-istrative <strong>and</strong> tactical control <strong>of</strong> operations froma carrier.carrier striking force(*)-A naval task forcecomposed <strong>of</strong> aircraft carriers <strong>and</strong> supponingcombatant ships capable <strong>of</strong> conducting strikeoperations.CARVER-A special operations forces acronymused. throughout the targeting <strong>and</strong> missionplanning cycle to assess mission validity <strong>and</strong>requirements. The acronym st<strong>and</strong>s for criticality,accessibility, recuperability, vulnerability,effect, <strong>and</strong> recognizability.CAS-See dose air support.ease-l. An intelligence operation in its entirety.2. Record <strong>of</strong> the development <strong>of</strong> an intelligenceoperation, including personnel, modusoper<strong>and</strong>i, <strong>and</strong> objectives.casual-see transient.casualty-Any person who is lost to the organizationby having been declared dead, duty status- whereabouts unknown, missing, ill, or injured.See also casualty category; casualtystatus; casualty type; duty status - whereaboutsUDknown; hostile casualty; nonhostilecasualty.casualty category-A term used to specificallyclassify a casualty for reponing purposes basedupon the casualty type <strong>and</strong> the casualty status.Casualty categories include killed in action,died <strong>of</strong> wounds received in action, <strong>and</strong> woundedin action. See also casualty; casualtystatus; casualty type; duty status - whereaboutsUDknown; missing.casualty receiving <strong>and</strong> treatment sbi~In amphibiousoperations, a ship designated to receive,provide ueaanent for, <strong>and</strong> transfercasualties..e61
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>casualty status-A tenn used to classify a casualtyfor reporting purposes. There are seven casualtystatuses: ( 1) deceased, (2) duty status -whereabouts unknown, (3) missing, (4) veryseriously ill or injured, (5) seriously ill orinjured, (6) incapacitating illness or injury, <strong>and</strong>(7) not seriously injured. See also casualty;casualty category; casualty 'type; deceMed;duty statm - whereabouts unknown; incapacitatiDgillness or iJVury; missing; not seriouslyiJVured; seriously ill or bQured; veryseriously ill or bQured. ·casualty type-A tenn used to identify a casualtyfor reporting purposes as either a hostile casualtyor a nonhostile casualty. See also casualty;casualty category; casualty status; hostilecasualty; nonhostile casualty.catalytic attack-An attack designed to bringabout a war between major powers through thedisguised machinations <strong>of</strong> a third power. .catalytic war-Not to be used.attack.See catalyticcatapult(•)-A structure which provides an auxiliarysource <strong>of</strong> thrust to a missile or aircraft;must combine the functions <strong>of</strong> directing <strong>and</strong>accelerating the missile during its travel on thecatapult; serves the same functions for a missileas does a gun tube for a shell.categories <strong>of</strong> data-In the context <strong>of</strong> perceptionmanagement <strong>and</strong> its constituent approaches,data obtained by adversary individuals, groups,intelligence systems,~ <strong>of</strong>ficials. Such datafall in two categO{ifS: a. information-Acompilation <strong>of</strong> dala.~vided by protected oropen sources that wmiid provide a substantiallycomplete picture <strong>of</strong> friendly intentions, capabilities,or adivities. b. indicators-Data derivedfrom open sources or from detectableactions that adversaries can piece together orinterpret to reach personal conclusions or<strong>of</strong>ficial estimates concerning friendly inten-tions, capabilities, or activities. Note: Inoperations security, actions that convey indicatorsexploitable by adversaries, but that must becanied out regardless, to plan, prepare for, <strong>and</strong>execute activities, are called "observables."See also operatiom security.CA TF-see comm<strong>and</strong>er, amphibious task force.causeway launcbing area-An area located nearthe line <strong>of</strong> depanure but clear <strong>of</strong> the approachlanes, where ships can launch pontoon causeways.CA VU-ceiling <strong>and</strong> visibility unlimited.CD-See coUDterdnlg.C-day-see times.cease enppment(•)-In air defense, a fire controlorder used to direct units to stop the firingsequence against a designated target. Guidedmissiles already in flight will continue to intercept.See also eapge; bold fire. f\cease fire-A comm<strong>and</strong> given to air defense anilleryunits to refrain from firing on, but tocontinue to track, an airborne object. Missilesalready in flight will be permitted to continueto intercept.cease loacling(•)-In anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresuppon, the comm<strong>and</strong> used during firing <strong>of</strong>two or more rounds to indicate the suspension<strong>of</strong> insening rounds into the weapon.cemna-The height above the eanh 's surface <strong>of</strong> thelowest layer <strong>of</strong> clouds or obscuration phenomenathat is reported as "broken," "overcast," or"obscured" <strong>and</strong> not classified as "thin" or"panial."celestial guidance-The guidance <strong>of</strong> a missile orother vehicle by reference to celestial bodies.See also guidance.62
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>celestial sphere(*)-An imaginary sphere <strong>of</strong> infiniteradius concentric with the Earth, on whichall celestial bodies except the Earth are imaginedto be projected.cell-Small group <strong>of</strong> individuals who ·work togetherfor cl<strong>and</strong>estine or subversive purposes.cell system-See net, chain, cell system.censorship-See armed forces censorship; dvilcensorship; field press censorship; · militarycensorship; nadonal censorship; primarycensorship; prisoner <strong>of</strong> war censorship;secondary censorship.center <strong>of</strong> burst-See mean point <strong>of</strong> impact.centers <strong>of</strong> gravity-Those characteristics, capabilities,or localities from which a military forcederives its freedom <strong>of</strong> action, physical strength,or will to fight.cendgray(*)-A unit <strong>of</strong> absorbed dose <strong>of</strong> radiation(one centigray equals one rad).central air data computer(*)-A device whichcomputes altitude, vertical speed, air speed <strong>and</strong>mach number from inputs <strong>of</strong> pitot <strong>and</strong> staticpressure <strong>and</strong> temperature.central control <strong>of</strong>ficer-The <strong>of</strong>ficer designated bythe amphibious task force comm<strong>and</strong>er for theoverall coordination <strong>of</strong> the waterborne ship-toshoremovement. The central control <strong>of</strong>ficer isembarked in the central control ship.centralized contriJI(*)-In air defense, the controlmode where~yr a higher echelon makes directtarget assignlilents to fire units. See alsodecentralized control.centrally managed item-An item <strong>of</strong> materielsubject to inventory control point (wholesalelevel) management.central procurement-The procurement <strong>of</strong> material,supplies, or services by an <strong>of</strong>ficially designatedcomm<strong>and</strong> or agency with funds specificallyprovided for such procurement for thebenefit <strong>and</strong> use <strong>of</strong> the entire component, or, inthe case <strong>of</strong> single managers, for the <strong>Military</strong>Departments as a whole.central war-Not to be used. See general war.CG-See guided missile cruiser.CH-53A-5ee Sea Stallion.chaff-Radar confusion reflectors, which consist <strong>of</strong>thin, narrow metallic strips <strong>of</strong> various lengths<strong>and</strong> frequency responses, used to reflect echoesfor confusion purposes. See also rope; ropechaff;window.chain-See net, chain, cell system.chain <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>(*)-The succession <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>ing<strong>of</strong>ficers from a superior to a subordinatethrough which comm<strong>and</strong> is exercised.Also called comm<strong>and</strong> channel. See alsoadministradve chain <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>; operadonalchain <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>.Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> StalT Instrucdon-Areplacement document for all types <strong>of</strong>correspondence containing Chairman <strong>of</strong> the<strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff (CJCS) policy <strong>and</strong> guidancethat does not involve the employment <strong>of</strong>forces. An instruction is <strong>of</strong> indefmite duration<strong>and</strong> is applicable to external agencies or boththe <strong>Joint</strong> Staff <strong>and</strong> external agencies. It remainsin effect until superseded, rescinded, orotherwise canceled. CJCS Instructions, unlikejoint publications, will not contain joint doctrine<strong>and</strong>/or joint tactics, techniques, <strong>and</strong>procedures. Also called CJCSI. See alsoguidance; joint doctrine; joint publicadon;joint tactics, tecbniques, <strong>and</strong> procedures.63
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> StatT Memor<strong>and</strong>um<strong>of</strong> Policy-A statement <strong>of</strong> policy approvedby the Chainnan <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff <strong>and</strong>issued for the guidance <strong>of</strong> the Services, the combatantcomm<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Staff. Also calledCJCS Memor<strong>and</strong>um <strong>of</strong> PoUcy.chalk comm<strong>and</strong>er(*)-The comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> alltroops embarked under one chalk number. Seealso chalk number; chalk troops.chalk number(*)-The number given to a completeload <strong>and</strong> to the transponing carrier. Seealso chalk comm<strong>and</strong>er; cbalk troops.cbalk troops(*)-A load <strong>of</strong> troops defined by aparticular chalk number. See also cbalk comm<strong>and</strong>er;chalk number.challeuge(*)-Any process carried out by one unitor person with the object <strong>of</strong> ascenaining thefriendly or hostile character or identity <strong>of</strong>another. See also countersign; password;reply.change <strong>of</strong> operational control-The date <strong>and</strong> time(Coordinated Universal Time) at which theresponsibility for operational control <strong>of</strong> a forceor unit passes from one operational controlauthority to another. Also called CHOP.channel-Used in conjunction with a predeterminedletter, number, or code word to referencea specific radio frequency.channel airlift-common-user airlift serviceprovided on a scheduled basis between twopoints. ·:.-rChaparral-A shon-range; low-altitude, surfaceto-air,Anny air defense artillery system.Designated as MIM-72. See also Sidewinder.characteristic actuation probability(*)-Theaverage probability <strong>of</strong> a mine <strong>of</strong> a given type64being actuated by one run <strong>of</strong> the sweep withinthe characteristic actuation width.characteristic actuation width(*)-The width <strong>of</strong>path over which mines can be actuated by asingle run <strong>of</strong> the sweep gear.characteristic detection probability(*)-The ratio<strong>of</strong> the number <strong>of</strong> mines detected on a singlerun to the number <strong>of</strong> mines which could havebeen detected within the characteristic detectionwidth.characteristic detection width(*)-The width <strong>of</strong>path over which mines can be detected on asingle run.characterization (evaluation)-A biographicalsketch <strong>of</strong> an individual or a statement <strong>of</strong> thenature <strong>and</strong> intent <strong>of</strong> an organization or group.charge(*)-1. The amount <strong>of</strong> propellant requiredfor a fiXed, semi-fiX,ed, or separate loadingprojectile, round or shell. It may also refer tothe quantity <strong>of</strong> explosive filling contained in abomb, mine or the like. 2. In combat engineering,a quantity <strong>of</strong> explosive, prepared fordemolition purposes.charged demolition target(*)-A demolition targeton which all charges have been placed <strong>and</strong>which is in the states <strong>of</strong> readiness, either state1 -safe, or state 2- armed. See also state <strong>of</strong>readiness - state 1 safe; state <strong>of</strong> readiness -state 2 armed.chart base(*)-A chart used as a primary sourcefor compilation or as a framework on whichnew detail is printed. Also called topographicbase. See also base map.chart index-See map index.chart location <strong>of</strong> the battery-See battery center.cbart series-See map; map series.f\,
chart sheet-See map; map sheet.~ '· : . 'I" .CHB-See Navy Cargo H<strong>and</strong>ling Battalion.check ruing(*)-ln anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresuppon. a comm<strong>and</strong> to cause a temporary haltin firing.checkout(*)-A sequence <strong>of</strong> functional, operational,<strong>and</strong> calibrational tests to determine thecondition <strong>and</strong> status <strong>of</strong> a weapon system orelement there<strong>of</strong>. ·checkpoint(*)-1. A predetermined point on thesurface <strong>of</strong> the Eanh used as a means <strong>of</strong> controllingmovement, a registration target for fireadjustment, or reference for location. 2.Center <strong>of</strong> impact; a burst center. 3. Gec>graphicallocation on l<strong>and</strong> or water above .which the position <strong>of</strong> an aircraft in flight maybe determined by observation or by electricalmeans. 4. A place where military policecheck vehicular or pedestrian traffic in order toenforce circulation control measures <strong>and</strong> otherlaws, orders, <strong>and</strong> regulations.check port/starboard-In air intercept, a term ·meaning, "Alter heading __ degrees toport/starboard momentarily for airborne radarsearch <strong>and</strong> then resume heading." ·check sweeping(*)-ln naval mine warfare, sweepingto check that no moored mines are left aftera previous clearing o~ion.chemical agent(*)-A chemical substance which isintended for use in _military operations to kill,seriously injure, :. 8r incapaciwe personnelthrough its physiological effects. Excludedfrom consideration are riot control agents,herbicides, smoke, <strong>and</strong> flame. See also biologicalagent.chemical agent cumulative action-The buildingup, within the human body, <strong>of</strong> small ineffectivedoses <strong>of</strong> cenain chemical agents to a point<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>where eventual effect is similar to one largedose.. chemical ammunition(*)-A type <strong>of</strong> ammunition,the filler <strong>of</strong> which is primarily a chemicalagent. See also cargo.chemical ammunition cargo-Cargo such as whitephosphorous munitions (shell <strong>and</strong> grenades).See also cargo.chemical, biological, <strong>and</strong> radiological operation(*)-Acollective term used only whenreferring to a combined chemical, biological,<strong>and</strong> radiological operation ..chemical defease(*)-The methods, plans <strong>and</strong>procedures involved in establishing <strong>and</strong> executingdefensive measures against attack utilizingchemical agents. See also NBC defense.chemical dose(*)-The amount <strong>of</strong> chemical agent,expressed in milligrams, that is taken or absorbedby the body.chemical enviroament(•)-conditions found in anarea resulting from direct or persisting effects<strong>of</strong> chemical weapons.chemical bom(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a minehom containing an electric battery, the electrolytefor which is in a glass tube protected by athin metal sheet. Also called Hertz Hom.chemical mollitoring(*)-The continued or periodicprocess <strong>of</strong> determining whether or not achemical agent is present. See also chemicalsurvey.chemical operatioas(*)-Employment <strong>of</strong> chemicalagents to kill, injure, or incapacitate for asignificant period <strong>of</strong> time, personnel or animals,<strong>and</strong> deny or hinder the use <strong>of</strong> areas,facilities, or material; or defense against suchemployment.65
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>chemical survey(*)-The directed effon to determinethe nature <strong>and</strong> degree <strong>of</strong> chemical hazardin an area <strong>and</strong> to delineate the perimeter <strong>of</strong> thehazard area.chemical warfare-All aspects <strong>of</strong> military operationsinvolving the employment <strong>of</strong> lethal <strong>and</strong>incapacitating munitions/agents _<strong>and</strong> tJ:le warning<strong>and</strong> protective measures associat.ed with such<strong>of</strong>fensive operations. Since riot control agents<strong>and</strong> herbicides are not considered to 'he chemicalwarfare agents, those two items will bereferred to separately or under the broader tenn"chemical," which w~ll be us~ . to ·Include alltypes <strong>of</strong> chemical munitions/age.nts cql~ectively.The term "chemical waifare weapons·" may ~used when it is desired to. reflect both lethal.<strong>and</strong> incapacitating munitions/agents <strong>of</strong> eitherchemical or biological -origin. Also calledCW. See also chemical operatioas, herbicide,riot control agent.chemical warfare &geJ~t~See chemical agent.chicks-Friendly fighter aircraft., . •rAir Force, the title is applied nonnally in thestaff on an Air Force level <strong>and</strong> above. In theNavy, the .title is ~plied only on ,tbe s¢! <strong>of</strong> acomm<strong>and</strong>er with rant <strong>of</strong> bommOdore or above.The corresponding titl~ on the staff <strong>of</strong> a comm<strong>and</strong>er<strong>of</strong> rank lower than commodore is chiefstaff <strong>of</strong>ficer' <strong>and</strong> in the organization <strong>of</strong> a singleship, executive <strong>of</strong>ficer.CHOP-5ee dumge <strong>of</strong> operational control.chrome radiation dose(*)-A do~e . <strong>of</strong> ionizingradiation received either Continuously or internpttentlyover a prolonged period <strong>of</strong> ~~e. Achronic .radiation dose ~y be high enough to-~ cause radiation sickness . aDd· death but if recei~.edat a low dose rate' a signltiC:Im ponion<strong>of</strong> th", acute ·ce~lular ~e wiU,be ·repaired.See also acute.radiatiolidose; racUation dose;radiation dose rate. · '·· ·)·. ch1iflllll(*)-The characteristic <strong>of</strong> s()me .-rockets toburn intermittently <strong>and</strong> with an irregular noise.CI..:.See coultteri.n~eac:e.Chief Army, Navy, Air Fot:ee, or Marine Corps .Censor-An <strong>of</strong>ficer appomted by .ihe conun<strong>and</strong>- .er <strong>of</strong> the Anny, Navy, Air Foree, or Marine ·Corps component <strong>of</strong> a unified comm<strong>and</strong> · tosupervise all censorship activit'~ <strong>of</strong> that Service.chief <strong>of</strong> stafT-The senior or principal member orhead <strong>of</strong> a staff, or .the ptiJlcipal assistant in astaff capacity to a person in a comm<strong>and</strong> capacity;the head or .cqntrqllh,lg member <strong>of</strong> a staff,for purposes <strong>of</strong> die 'c09rdiriation <strong>of</strong> its work; aposition, that in itself is without iDherent power ....<strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> .by ·rea5()n. o[assi~nt, except.CIC~ee combat iDformati~n center.CiNC~s required date-The orig~ date relativeto C~y, .~~ified by the combatant comm<strong>and</strong>erfor.arrivai or' forces or cargo. at the destination;shown . ill the tim~pJlase9 force <strong>and</strong> deploymentdata to assess the impact <strong>of</strong> laterarrival. Also called CRD.dpber-Any. cryptQgraphic systen;1 in whic~. arbi~~~~y.mbo~ or groups <strong>of</strong> sYmbols, represent..... ,. .. ~ts. qf .plain text <strong>of</strong> re8'11ar J~~.. usually. single letters, or ;in·.w.bicb! upits.<strong>of</strong> plain text are. rearranged, or both~,; in ··aeeo.rcWtce with cenainthat which is.· inve5ted··-ui .such a·' Position by Y:·. ·.. . ...pred~ermined ·rules.. See also· ~QSystem.., delegation to exercise conun<strong>and</strong> in another'sc:ircuit-1. An electronic path between two or66name. In the Anny <strong>and</strong> Marine Corps, the titleis applied only to the staff on a brigade ordivision level or higher. ln)p~er units, the·,.corresponding title is executive' <strong>of</strong>ficer. In the!,.. tDl()re -PQims. capabl.~ <strong>of</strong> pra.vicling. a number <strong>of</strong>;. cbannels: 2 .. A.numberQf:·eonductors conneet-
1:"" .. : .·, ": .. ';> f ...eel together for the purpose <strong>of</strong> carrying anelectrical current.cin:uitry-A complex <strong>of</strong> circuits describing interconnectionwithin or between systems.circular error probable-An indicator <strong>of</strong> thedelivery accuracy <strong>of</strong> a weapon system, used asa factor in determining probable damage to atarget. It is the radius <strong>of</strong> a circle within whichhalf <strong>of</strong> a missile's projectiles are expected t<strong>of</strong>all. Also called CEP. See also deliveryerror; deviation; dispersion error; horizontalerror.CIRVI8-Communications instructions for reportingvital intelligence sightings.dvic action-See military dvic action.dvil affairs-The activities <strong>of</strong> a comm<strong>and</strong>er thatestablish, maintain, influence, or exploit relationsbetween military forces <strong>and</strong> civil authorities,both governmental <strong>and</strong> nongovernmental,<strong>and</strong> the civilian populace in a friendly, neutral,or hostile area <strong>of</strong> operations in order to facilitatemilitary operations <strong>and</strong> consolidate operationalobjectives. Civil affairS may includeperformance by military forces <strong>of</strong> activities <strong>and</strong>functions normally the responsibility <strong>of</strong> localgovermnent. These activities may occur priorto, during, or subsequent to other militaryactions. They may also occur, if directed, inthe absence <strong>of</strong> other military operations.dvil affairs agreement-An agreement whichgoverns the relatiopship between allied armedforces located iJtt friendly country <strong>and</strong> thecivil authorities aDd people <strong>of</strong> that country.See also dvil affain.dvil ceosorship-Censorship <strong>of</strong> civilian conununications,such as messages, printed matter, <strong>and</strong>films, entering, leaving, or circulating withinareas or territories occupied or controlled byarmed forces. See also censonbip.. :; - • ~· I<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>dvil damage assessment-An appraisal <strong>of</strong> damageto a nation's population,· industry, utilities,communications, transportation, food, water,<strong>and</strong> medical resources to support planning fornational recovery. See also damage assessment.dvil defeose-All those activities <strong>and</strong> measuresdesigned or undertaken to: a. minimize theeffects upon the civilian population caused orwhich would be caused by an enemy attack onthe United States; b. deal with the immediateemergency conditions which would be createdby any such attack; <strong>and</strong> c. effectuate emergencyrepairs to, or the emergency restoration <strong>of</strong>,vital utilities <strong>and</strong> facilities destroyed or damagedby any such attack.dvil defeose emergeocy-See domestic emergendes.dvil defeme intelligence-The product resultingfrom the collection <strong>and</strong> evaluation <strong>of</strong> informationconcerning all aspects <strong>of</strong> the situation inthe United States <strong>and</strong> its territories that arepotential or actual targets <strong>of</strong> any enemy attackincluding, in the preattack phase, the emergencymeasures taken <strong>and</strong> estimates <strong>of</strong> the civilpopulations' preparedness. In the event <strong>of</strong> anactual attack, a description <strong>of</strong> conditions in theaffected area with emphasis on the extent <strong>of</strong>damage, fallout levels, <strong>and</strong> casualty <strong>and</strong> resourceestimates. The product is required bycivil <strong>and</strong> military authorities for use in theformulation <strong>of</strong> decisions, the conduct <strong>of</strong> operations,<strong>and</strong> the continuation <strong>of</strong> the planningprocesses.dvil disturbance(*)-Group acts <strong>of</strong> violence <strong>and</strong>disorder prejudicial to public law <strong>and</strong> order.See also domestic emergencies.dvil disturbance readiness conditions-Requiredconditions <strong>of</strong> preparedness to be attained bymilitary forces in preparation for deployment to67
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>an objective area in response to an actual orthreatened civil disturbance.civil disturbances-See domestic emergencies.civiliau intemee--1. A civilian who is internedduring armed conflict or occupation for securityreasons or for protection or because he hasconunitted an <strong>of</strong>fense against the detainingpower. 2. A term used to refer to personsinterned <strong>and</strong> protected in accordance with theGeneva Convention relative to the Protect~oil <strong>of</strong>Civilian Persons in Time <strong>of</strong> War, 12 August1949 (Geneva Convention). See also Prisoner<strong>of</strong> War.civilian internee camp-An installation establishedfor the internment <strong>and</strong> administration <strong>of</strong> civilianinternees.civil nuclear power-A nation which has potentialto employ nuclear technology for development<strong>of</strong> nuclear weapons but has deliberately decidedagainst doing so. See also nuclear power.civil requirements-The computed production <strong>and</strong>distribution <strong>of</strong> all types <strong>of</strong> services, supplies,<strong>and</strong> equipment during periods <strong>of</strong> armed conflictor occupation to ensure the produetive efficiency<strong>of</strong> the civilian economy <strong>and</strong> to providecivilians the treaaneru <strong>and</strong> protection to whichthey are entitled under customary <strong>and</strong> conventionalinternational law.civil reserve air fleet-A program in which theDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense uses aircraft owned bya US entity or citizen. The aircraft are allocatedby the Departrn.ebt <strong>of</strong> Transponation toaugment the militarY: airlift capability <strong>of</strong> theDepanment <strong>of</strong> Defense (<strong>DOD</strong>). These aircraftare allocated, in accordance with <strong>DOD</strong> requirements,to segments, according to their capabilities,such as Long-Range International (cargo<strong>and</strong> passenger), Shon-Range International,Domestic, Alaskan, Aeromedical, <strong>and</strong> othersegments as may be mutually agreed upon by68the Depanment <strong>of</strong> Defense <strong>and</strong> the Department<strong>of</strong> Transportation. The Civil Reserve Air Fleet(CRAF) can be incrementally activated by theDepanment <strong>of</strong> Defense in three stages in responseto defense-oriented situations, up to <strong>and</strong>including a declared national emergency orwar, to satisfy <strong>DOD</strong> airlift requirements.When activated, CRAF aircraft are under themission conuol <strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> Defensewhile · remaining a civil resource under theoperational control <strong>of</strong> the responsible US entityor citizen. Also called CRAF. a. CRAFStage I. This stage involves <strong>DOD</strong> use <strong>of</strong> civilair resources that air carriers will furnish to theDepamnent <strong>of</strong> Defense to suppon substantiallyexp<strong>and</strong>ed peacetime military airlift requirements.The Comm<strong>and</strong>er, Air Mobility Comm<strong>and</strong>,may authorize activation <strong>of</strong> this stage<strong>and</strong> assume mission control <strong>of</strong> those airliftassets committed to CRAF Stage I. b. CRAFStage U. This stage involves <strong>DOD</strong> use <strong>of</strong> civilair resources that the air carriers will furnish toDepamnent <strong>of</strong> Defense in a time <strong>of</strong> defenseairlift emergency. The Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense,or designee, may authorize activation <strong>of</strong> thisstage permitting the Comm<strong>and</strong>er, Air MobilityComm<strong>and</strong>, to assume mission conuol <strong>of</strong> thoseairlift assets committed to CRAF Stage II. c.CRAF Stage m. This stage involves <strong>DOD</strong>use <strong>of</strong> civil air resources owned by a US entityor citizen that the air carriers will furnish to theDeparuneru <strong>of</strong> Defense in a time <strong>of</strong> declarednational defense-oriented emergency or war, orwhen otherwise necessary for the nationaldefense. The aircraft in this stage are allocatedby the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Transponation to the Secretary<strong>of</strong> Defense. The Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defensemay authorize activation <strong>of</strong> this stage pennittingthe Conun<strong>and</strong>er, Air Mobility Conun<strong>and</strong>,to assume mission control <strong>of</strong> those airlift assetscommitted to CRAF Stage Ill.civil. transportation-The movement <strong>of</strong> persons,propeny, or lnail by civil facilities, <strong>and</strong> theresources (including storage, except that foragricultural <strong>and</strong> petroleum products) necessary(\
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>to accomplish the movement. (Excludes transponationoperated or controlled by the military,<strong>and</strong> petroleum <strong>and</strong> gas pipelines.)CJCSI-See Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong>Staff Instruction.CJCS Memor<strong>and</strong>um <strong>of</strong> Policy-See Chairman <strong>of</strong>the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff Memor<strong>and</strong>um <strong>of</strong>Policy.cl<strong>and</strong>estine operation-An operation sponsored orconducted by governmental deparanents oragencies in such a way as to assure secrecy orconcealment. A cl<strong>and</strong>estine operation differsfrom a coven operation in that emphasis isplaced on concealment <strong>of</strong> the operation ratherthan on concealment <strong>of</strong> identity <strong>of</strong> sponsor. Inspecial operations, an activity may be bothcoven <strong>and</strong> cl<strong>and</strong>estine <strong>and</strong> may focus equallyon operational considerations <strong>and</strong> intelligencerelatedactivities. See also coven operation;overt operation.clara-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Radarscope is clear <strong>of</strong> contacts other than thoseknown to be friendly."classification-The detennination that <strong>of</strong>ficialinformation requires, in the interests <strong>of</strong> nationalsecurity, a specific degree <strong>of</strong> protection againstunauthorized disclosure, coupled with a designationsignifying that such a detennination basbeen made. See also security classification.classification <strong>of</strong> bridges <strong>and</strong> vebides-See militaryload classification.,.classified contract-Any contract that requires orwill require access to classified information bythe contractor or the employees in the performance<strong>of</strong> the contract. (A contract may beclassified even though the contract documentitself is not classified.)classified information-<strong>of</strong>ficial information whichhas been determined to require, in the interests<strong>of</strong> national security, protection against unauthorizeddisclosure <strong>and</strong> which has been so designated.classified matter(*)-Qfficial information ormatter in any fonn or <strong>of</strong> any nature whichrequires protection in the interests <strong>of</strong> nationalsecurity. See also unclassified matter.dean aircraft-I. An aircraft in flight configuration,versus l<strong>and</strong>ing configuration, i.e., l<strong>and</strong>inggear <strong>and</strong> flaps retracted, etc. 2. An aircraftthat does not have external stores.de&DSing station-See decontamination station.dear-1. To approve or authorize, or to obtainapproval or authorization for: a. a person orpersons with regard to their actions, movements,duties, etc.; b. an object or group <strong>of</strong>objects, as equipment or supplies, with regardto quality, quantity, purpose, movement, disposition,etc.; <strong>and</strong> c. a request, with regard tocorrectness <strong>of</strong> form, validity, etc. 2. To giveone or more aircraft a clearance. 3. To givea person a security clearance. 4. To fly overan obstacle without touching it. 5. To pass adesignated point, line, or object. The end <strong>of</strong> acolumn must pass the designated feature beforethe Iauer is cleared. 6. a. To operate a gunso as to unload it or make certain no ammunitionremains; <strong>and</strong> b. to free a gun <strong>of</strong> stoppages.7. To clear an engine; to open the throttle<strong>of</strong> an idling engine to free it from carbon. 8.To clear the air to gain either temporary orpermanent air superiority or control in a give~sector.clearance capacity-An estimate expressed interms <strong>of</strong> measurement or weight tons per day<strong>of</strong> the cargo that may be transponed inl<strong>and</strong>from a beach or pon over the available means<strong>of</strong> inl<strong>and</strong> communication, including roads,railroads, <strong>and</strong> inl<strong>and</strong> waterways. The estimate69I
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>is based on an evaluation <strong>of</strong> the physical characteristics<strong>of</strong> the transponation facilities in thearea. See also beach capadty; port capadty.clearance diving(*)-The process involving theuse <strong>of</strong> divers for locating, identifying <strong>and</strong>disposing <strong>of</strong> mines~clearance rate(*)-The area which would becleared per unit time with a stated minimumpercentage clearance, using specific mine~unting<strong>and</strong>/or minesweeping procedures. ·clearing operation-An operation designed toclear or neutralize all mines <strong>and</strong> obstacles froma route or area.clearway(•)-A defined rectangular area on theground or water at the end <strong>of</strong> a runway in thedirection <strong>of</strong> take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> under control <strong>of</strong> thecompetent authority, selected or prepared as asuitable area over which an aircraft may makea ponion <strong>of</strong> its initial climb to a specifiedheight.clear weather air defense figbter(•)-A fighteraircraft with equipment <strong>and</strong> weapons whichenable it to engage airborne targets by day <strong>and</strong>by night, but in clear weather conditions only.CLF -See comm<strong>and</strong>er, l<strong>and</strong>iug force.climb mode(•)-In a flight control system, acontrol mode in which aircraft climb is automaticallycontrolled to a predetennined program.clinic-A medical treatment facility primarilyintended <strong>and</strong> appropriately staffed <strong>and</strong> equippedto provide outpatient. medical service for nonhospitaltype patients. Examination <strong>and</strong> treatmentfor emergency cases are types <strong>of</strong> servicesrendered. A clinic is also intended to performcenain nontherapeutic activities related to thehealth <strong>of</strong> the personnel served, such as physicalexaminations, immunizations, medical adminis-tration, <strong>and</strong> other preventive medical <strong>and</strong>sanitary measures necessary to support a primarymilitary mission. A clinic will be equippedwith the necessary supporting services to performthe assigned mission. A clinic may beequipped with beds (normally fewer than 25)for observation <strong>of</strong> patients awaiting transfer toa hospital <strong>and</strong> for care <strong>of</strong> cases which cannotbe cared for on an outpatient status, but whichdo not require hospitalization. Patients whoseexpected duration <strong>of</strong> illness exceeds 72 hourswill not normally occupy clinic beds for periodslonger than necessary to arrange transfer toa hospital.dock code position-The position <strong>of</strong> a target inrelation to an aircraft or ship with dead-aheadposition considered as 12 o'clock.dose air support-Air action by fixed- <strong>and</strong> rotary-wing aircraft against hostile targets which arein close proximity to friendly forces <strong>and</strong> whichrequire detailed integration <strong>of</strong> each air missionwith the fire <strong>and</strong> movement <strong>of</strong> those forces.Also called CAS. See also air interdiction;air support; immediate mission request;preplanned mission request.dose-controUed air interception(•)-An interceptionin which the interceptor is continuouslycontrolled to a position from which the targetis within visual range or radar contact. Seealso air iDtereeption; broadcast-controUedair-bden:eptiOD.dosed area(*)-A designated area in or overwhich passage <strong>of</strong> any kind is prohibited. Seealso prohibited area.dose-bold plaD-Operation plan with access tooperation plan information extremely limited tospecifically designated Worldwide <strong>Military</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System user IDs <strong>and</strong>terminal Ids during initial course <strong>of</strong> actiondevelopment before the involvement <strong>of</strong> outsidecomm<strong>and</strong>s, agencies, combatant comm<strong>and</strong>ers,70(\,
• .~··· .~·· 1<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Services, or the <strong>Joint</strong> Staff. See also Umitedaccessplan •.close support(*)-That action <strong>of</strong> the supportingforce against targets or objectives which aresufficiently near the supported force as torequire detailed integration or co-ordination <strong>of</strong>the supporting action with the fire, movement.or other actions <strong>of</strong> the supported force. Seealso direct support; general support; mutualsupport; support.dose support area-Those pans <strong>of</strong> the oceanoperating areas nearest to, but not necessarilyin. the objective area. They are assigned tonaval support carrier battle groups, surfaceaction groups, surface action units, <strong>and</strong> cenainlogistic combat service support elements.dose supportillg fire(*)-Fire placed on enemytroops, weapons, or positions which, because<strong>of</strong> their proximity, present the most immediate<strong>and</strong> serious threat to the supported unit. Seealso supportillg fire.closure-In transponation, the process <strong>of</strong> a unitarriving at a specified location. It begins whenthe first element arrives at a designated location,e.g., port <strong>of</strong> entry/port <strong>of</strong> departure,intennediate stops, or final destination, · <strong>and</strong>ends when the last element does likewise. Forthe purposes <strong>of</strong> studies <strong>and</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> postexercises, a unit is considered essentially closedafter 95 percent <strong>of</strong> its movement requirementsfor personnel <strong>and</strong> equipment are completed.closure miDefleld(*)-ln naval mine warfare, aminefield which il planned to present such athreat that wateibome shipping is preventedfrom moving. -closure shortfall-The specified movement requirementor portion there<strong>of</strong> that did not meetscheduling criteria <strong>and</strong>/or movement dates.cloud amount(*)-The proportion <strong>of</strong> sky obscuredby cloud, expressed as a fraction <strong>of</strong> sky covered.cloud chamber etTect-see condeasation cloud.cloud cover(*)-See cloud amount.cloud top height-The maximal altitude to whicha nuclear mushroom cloud rises.cluster(*)-I. Fireworks signal in which a group<strong>of</strong> stars burns at the same time. 2. Group <strong>of</strong>bombs released together. A cluster usuallyconsists <strong>of</strong> fragmentation or incendiary bombs.3. Two or more parachutes for dropping lightor heavy loads. 4. In l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare, acomponent <strong>of</strong> a pattern-laid minefield. It maybe antitank, antipersonnel or mixed. It consists<strong>of</strong> one to five mines <strong>and</strong> no more than oneantitank mine. S. Two or more engines coupledtogether so as to function as one powerunit. 6. In naval mine warfare, a number <strong>of</strong>mines laid in close proximity to each other asa pattern or coherent unit. They may be <strong>of</strong>mixed types. 7. In minehunting, designates agroup <strong>of</strong> mine-like contacts.d..ter bomb unit(*)-An aircraft store composed<strong>of</strong> a dispenser <strong>and</strong> submunitions.clutter-Permanent echoes, cloud, or other annasphericecho on radar scope; as contact hasentered scope clutter. See also radar clutter.COA-see coune <strong>of</strong> action.coalition force-A force composed <strong>of</strong> militaryelemettts <strong>of</strong> nation$ that have formed a temporaryalliance for some specific purpose.coane miDe(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a relativelyinsensitive influence mine.messemhly-With respect to exports, a cooperativearrangement (e.g., US Government or71
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>company with foreign government or company)by which fmished pans, components, assemblies,or subassemblies are provided to aneligible foreign government, internationalorganization, or commercial producer for theassembly <strong>of</strong> an end-item or system. This isnormally accomplished under the provisions <strong>of</strong>a manufacturing license agreement per the USInternational Traffic in Anns Regulation (IT AR) <strong>and</strong> could involve the implementation <strong>of</strong>a govemment-to-govenunent memor<strong>and</strong>um <strong>of</strong>underst<strong>and</strong>ing. ·coastal convoy(*)-A convoy whose voyage lies ingeneral on the continental shelf <strong>and</strong> in coastalwaters.coastal frontier-A geographic division <strong>of</strong> acoastal area, established for organization <strong>and</strong>comm<strong>and</strong> purposes in order to ensure theeffective coordination <strong>of</strong> military forces employedin military operations within the coastalfrontier area.coastal frontier defeme-The organization <strong>of</strong> theforces <strong>and</strong> materiel <strong>of</strong> the annecl forces assignedto provide security for the coastal frontiers<strong>of</strong> the continental United Swes <strong>and</strong> itsoverseas possessions.coastal refraction(*)-The change <strong>of</strong> the direction<strong>of</strong> travel <strong>of</strong> a radio ground wave as it passesfrom l<strong>and</strong> to sea or from sea to l<strong>and</strong>. Alsocalled l<strong>and</strong> effect or shoreline effect.coastal sea control-The employment <strong>of</strong> forces toensure the unimpeded use <strong>of</strong> an <strong>of</strong>fshore coastalarea by friendly forces <strong>and</strong>, as appropriate,to deny the use <strong>of</strong> the- area to enemy forces.coast-in point-The pouit <strong>of</strong> coastal penetrationheading inbound to a target or objective.coastwise traffic-Sea traffic between continentalUnited Swes ports on the Atlantic coast, Gulfcoast, <strong>and</strong> Great Lakes, or between continentalUnited States ports on the Pacific coast.cocking circuit(*)-ln mine warfare, a subsidiarycircuit which requires actuation before the maincircuits become alive.COCOM-See combatant comm<strong>and</strong> (comm<strong>and</strong>authority).code-1. Any system <strong>of</strong> communication in whicharbitrary groups <strong>of</strong> symbols represent units <strong>of</strong>plain text <strong>of</strong> varying length. Codes may beused for brevity or for security. 2. A cryptosystemin which the cryptographic equivalents(usually called "code groups") typically consisting<strong>of</strong> letters or digits (or both) in otherwisemeaningless combinations are substituted forplain text elements which are primarily words,phrases, or sentences. See also cryptosystem.code word(*)-I. A word that bas been assigneda classification <strong>and</strong> a classified meaning tosafeguard intentions <strong>and</strong> information regardinga classified plan or operation. 2. A cryptonymused to identify sensitive intelligence data.cold war-A swe <strong>of</strong> international tension whereinpolitical, economic, technological, sociological,psychological, paramilitary, <strong>and</strong> military measuressbon <strong>of</strong> ·oven armed conflict involvingregular military forces are employed to achievenational objectives.coUaboradve purcbase-A method <strong>of</strong> purchasewhereby, in buying similar commodities.buyers for two or more departments exchangeinformation concerning planned purchases inorder to minimize competition between themfor commodities in the same market. See alsopurcbase.coUapse depth(*)-The design depth, referenced tothe axis <strong>of</strong> the pressure hull, beyond which thehull structure or hull penetrations are presumed72(\\
t. •'" r,t!.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>to suffer catastrophic failure to the point <strong>of</strong>total collapse.collate-!. The grouping together <strong>of</strong> related itemsto provide a record <strong>of</strong> events <strong>and</strong> facilitatefurther processing. 2. To compare criticallytwo or more items or documents concerning thesame general subject; normally accomplished inthe processing phase in the intelligence cycle.collateral mission-A mission other than those forwhich a force is primarily organized, trained,<strong>and</strong> equipped, that the force can accomplish byvirtue <strong>of</strong> the inherent capabilities <strong>of</strong> that force.collecting point-A point designated for the assembly<strong>of</strong> personnel casualties, stragglers, disabledmateriel, salvage, etc., for further movement tocollecting stations or rear installations.collection-See intelligence cycle, Subpart b.collection (acquisition)-The obtaining <strong>of</strong> informationin any manner, including direct observation,liaison with <strong>of</strong>ficial agencies, or solicitationfrom <strong>of</strong>ficial, un<strong>of</strong>ficial, or public sources.collection agency-Any individual, organization,or unit that has access to sources <strong>of</strong> information<strong>and</strong> the capability <strong>of</strong> collecting informationfrom them. See also agency.collection coordination facility line number-Anarbitrary number assigned to contingencyintelligence reconnaissance objectives by theDefense Intelligence Agency collection coordinationfacility to facilitate all-source collection.collection management(*)-ln intelligence usage,the process <strong>of</strong> convening intelligence requirementsinto collection requirements, establishing,tasking or coordinating with appropriatecollection sources or agencies, monitoringresults <strong>and</strong> retasking, as required. See alsointelligence; intelligence cycle.collection operations management-The authoritativedirection, scheduling, <strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong>specific collection operations <strong>and</strong> associatedprocessing, exploitation, <strong>and</strong> reporting resources.Also called COM. See also collectionmanagement; collections requirements management.collection plan(*)-A plan for collecting informationfrom all available sources to meet intelligencerequirements <strong>and</strong> for transforming thoserequirements into orders <strong>and</strong> requests to appropriateagencies. See also .information; informationrequirements; intelligence cycle.collection requirement-An established intelligenceneed considered in the allocation <strong>of</strong>intelligence resources to fulfill the essentialelements <strong>of</strong> information <strong>and</strong> other intelligenceneeds <strong>of</strong> a comm<strong>and</strong>er.collection requirements management-The authoritativedevelopment <strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> collection,processing, exploitation, <strong>and</strong>/or reponingrequirements that normally result in either thedirect tasking <strong>of</strong> assets over which the collectionmanager has authority, or the generation <strong>of</strong>single-discipline tasking requests to collectionmanagement authorities at a higher, lower, orlateral echelon to accomplish the collectionmission. Also called· CRM. See also collectionmanagement; collection operationsmanagement.collective call sign(*)-Any call sign which representstwo or more facilities, comm<strong>and</strong>s, authorities,or units. The collective call sign for any<strong>of</strong> these includes the comm<strong>and</strong>er there<strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> allsubordinate comm<strong>and</strong>ers therein. See also callsign.collective nuclear, biological <strong>and</strong> chemicalprotection(*)-Protection provided to a group<strong>of</strong> individuals in a nuclear, biological <strong>and</strong>chemical environment which permits relaxation73
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong><strong>of</strong> individual nuclear,. biological <strong>and</strong> chemicalprotection.collision course interception-An interceptionwhich is accomplished by the constant heading<strong>of</strong> both aircraft.collocation(•)-The physical placement <strong>of</strong> two ormore detachments, units,. organizations, orfacilities at a specifically defmed locati
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lcombat area-A restricted area (air, l<strong>and</strong>, or sea)which is established to prevent or minimizemutual interference between friendly forcesengaged in con1bat operations. See also combatzone.combat assessment-The determination <strong>of</strong> theoverall effectiveness <strong>of</strong> force employmentduring military operations. Combat assessmentis composed <strong>of</strong> three major components, (a)battle damage assessment, (b) munitions. effectsassessment, <strong>and</strong> (c) reattack recommendation.The objective <strong>of</strong> combat assessment isto identify recommendations for the coW'Se <strong>of</strong>military operations. The J-3 is nonnally thesingle point <strong>of</strong> contact for combat assessment atthe joint force level, assisted by the joint forceJ-2. Also called CA. See also battle damageassessment; bomb damage assessment.Combat Camera-Visual information documentationcovering air, sea, <strong>and</strong> ground actions <strong>of</strong>anned forces in combat <strong>and</strong> combat supponoperations, <strong>and</strong> in related peacetime trainingactivities such as exercises, war games, <strong>and</strong>operations. See also visual iDformadon documentation.combat cargo <strong>of</strong>ficer-An embarkation <strong>of</strong>ficerassigned to major amphibious ships or navalstaffs, functioning primarily as an adviser to. <strong>and</strong> representative <strong>of</strong> the naval comm<strong>and</strong>er inmatters penaining to embarkation <strong>and</strong> debarkation<strong>of</strong> troops <strong>and</strong> their supplies <strong>and</strong> equipment.See also embarkation <strong>of</strong>ficer.combat chart(*)-A s~.al naval chan, at a scale<strong>of</strong> 1:50,000, desi~ for naval fire suppon<strong>and</strong> close air suppoi'fDuing coastal or amphibiousoperations <strong>and</strong> }{owing detailed hydrography<strong>and</strong> topography in the coastal belt. Seealso amphibious cbart.combat control team-A· team <strong>of</strong> Air Force personnelorganized, ttained, <strong>and</strong> equipped toestablish <strong>and</strong> operate navigational or tenninalguidance aids, communications, <strong>and</strong> aircraftcontrol facilities within the objective area <strong>of</strong> anairborne operation.combat engineer vehicle, full-tracked 165mmgun-An armored, tracked vehicle that providesengineer suppon to other combat elements.Vehicle is equipped with a heavy-duty boom<strong>and</strong> winch, dozer blade, <strong>and</strong> 165mm demolitiongun. It is also armed with a 7.62mm machinegun <strong>and</strong> a 50-caliber machine gun.combat forces-Those forces whose primarymissions are to panicipate in combat. See alsooperating forces.combat iDformadon-Unevaluated data, gatheredby or provided directly to the tactical comm<strong>and</strong>erwhich, due to its highly perishablenature or the criticality <strong>of</strong> the situation, cannotbe processed into tactical intelligence in time to·satisfy the user's tactical intelligence requirements.See also iDformation.combat iDformation center(*)-The agency in aship or aircraft manned <strong>and</strong> equipped to collect,display, evaluate, <strong>and</strong> disseminate tacticalinformation for the use <strong>of</strong> the embarked flag<strong>of</strong>ficer, comm<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong>ficer, <strong>and</strong> certain controlagencies. Cenain control, assistance, <strong>and</strong>coordination functions may be delegated bycomm<strong>and</strong> to the combat information center.Also called action information center; CIC.See also air defeuse control center.combat iDformation sbip-A designated shipcharged with the coordination <strong>of</strong> the intershipcombat information center functions <strong>of</strong> the .various ships in a task force so that the overallcombat information available to comm<strong>and</strong>s willincrease. This ship is normally the flagship <strong>of</strong>the task force comm<strong>and</strong>er. See llso fighterdirection aircraft; fighter direction sbip.combat intelligence-That knowledge <strong>of</strong> theenemy, weather, <strong>and</strong> geographical features75
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1..<strong>02</strong>required by a comm<strong>and</strong>er in the planning <strong>and</strong>conduct <strong>of</strong> combat operations.combat loadiDg(*)-The arrangement <strong>of</strong> personnel<strong>and</strong> the stowage <strong>of</strong> equipment <strong>and</strong> supplies ina manner designed to conform to the anticipatedtactical operation <strong>of</strong> the organization embarked.Each individual item is stowed so thatit can be unloaded at the required time. Seealso loading.combat power(*)-The total means <strong>of</strong> destructive<strong>and</strong>/or disruptive force which a <strong>Military</strong>unit/formation can apply against the opponemat a given time.combat readiness-Synonymous with operationalreadiness, with respect to missions or functionsperformed in combat.combat ready-Synonymous with operationallyready, with respect to missions or functionsperformed in combat.combat search <strong>and</strong> rescue-A specific task performedby rescue forces to effect the recovery<strong>of</strong> distressed personnel during wanime orcontingency operations. Also called CSAR.combat service support-The essential capabilities,functions, activities, <strong>and</strong> tasks necessary tosustain all elements <strong>of</strong> operating forces intheater at all levels <strong>of</strong> war. Within the national<strong>and</strong> theater logistic systems, it includes but isnot limited to that support rendered by serviceforces in ensuring the aspects <strong>of</strong> supply, maintenance,transpo~· n, health services, <strong>and</strong>other services req .•··by aviation <strong>and</strong> groundcombat troops to 't those units to accomplishtheir missionsrm combat. Combat servicesupport encompasses those activities at alllevels <strong>of</strong> war that produce sustainment to alloperating forces on the battlefield.combat service support areas-An area ashorethat is organized to contain the necessary76supplies, equipment, installations, <strong>and</strong> elementsto provide the l<strong>and</strong>ing force with combat servicesupport throughout the operation.combat service support element-See Marineair-ground task force.combat service support elements-Those elementswhose primary missions are to provide servicesupport to combat forces <strong>and</strong> which are a pan,or prepared to become a part, <strong>of</strong> a theater,comm<strong>and</strong>, or task force formed for combatoperations. See also operating forces; servicetroops; troops.combat support-Fire suppon <strong>and</strong> operationalassistance provided to combat elements. Combatsupport includes artillery, air defenseartillery, engineer, military police, signal, <strong>and</strong>military intelligence suppon.combat support.elements-Those elements whose ·primary missions are to provide combat supportto the combat forces <strong>and</strong> which are a pan, orprepared to become a part, <strong>of</strong> a theater, com- ~m<strong>and</strong>, or task force formed for combat operations.See also operatiDg forces.combat support troops-Those units or organizationswhose primary mission is to furnishoperational assistance for the combat elements.See also troops.combat surveillance-A continuous, all-weather,day-<strong>and</strong>-night, systematic watch over the battlearea to provide timely information for tacticalcombat operations.combat surveillance radar-Radar with the normalfunction <strong>of</strong> maintaining continuous watchover a combat area.combat survival(*)-Those measures to be takenby Service personnel when involuntarily separatedfrom friendly forces in combat, including~-' \
1 I .~<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>procedures relating to individual survival,evasion, escape, <strong>and</strong> conduct after capture.combatting terrorism-Actions, including antiterrorism(defensive measures taken to reducevulnerability to terrorist acts) <strong>and</strong> counterterrorism(<strong>of</strong>fensive measures taken to prevent,deter, <strong>and</strong> respond to terrorism), taken tooppose terrorism throughout the entire threatspectrum.combat trail-Interceptors in trail formation.Each interceptor behind the leader maintainsposition visually or with airborne radar.combat troops-Those units or organizationswhose primary mission is destruction <strong>of</strong> enemyforces <strong>and</strong>/ or installations. See also troops.combat vehicle-A vehicle, with or without armor,designed for a specific fighting function.Armor protection or armament mounted assupplemental equipment on noncombat vehicleswill not change the classification <strong>of</strong> such vehiclesto combat vehicles. See also vehicle.Combat Visual Information Support Center-Avisual information support facility established ata base <strong>of</strong> operations during wartime or contingencyto provide limited visual informationsupport to the base <strong>and</strong> its supported elements.Also called CVISC.combat zone-1. That area required by combatforces for the conduct <strong>of</strong> operations. 2. Theterritory forward <strong>of</strong> the Army rear area boundary.See also contbat area; communicationszone. ~:-combination circw-ft•)-In mine warfare, a firingcircuit which requires actuation by two or moreinfluences, either simultaneously or at a pre-ordainedinterval, before the circuit can function.Also called combined circuit.combination firing circuit(*)-An assemblycomprising two independent firing systems, onenon-electric <strong>and</strong> one electric, so that the firing<strong>of</strong> either system will detonate all charges. Seealso dual-firing circuit.combination influence mine(*)-A mine designedto actuate only when two or more differentinfluences are received either simultaneously orin a pre-determined order. Also called combinedinfluence mine.combination mission/level <strong>of</strong> effort-orienteditems-Items for which requirement computationsare based on the criteria used for bothlevel <strong>of</strong> effort-oriented <strong>and</strong> mission-orienteditems.combined(*)-Between two or more forces oragencies <strong>of</strong> two or more allies. (When allallies or services are not involved, the participatingnations <strong>and</strong> services shall be identified,e.g., Combined Navies.) See also joint.combined airspeed indicator(*)-An instrumentwhich displays both indicated airspeed <strong>and</strong>mach number.combined circuit-See combination circuit.combined doctrine-Fundamental principles thatguide the employment <strong>of</strong> forces <strong>of</strong> two or morenations in coordinated action toward a commonobjective. It is ratified by participating nations.See also doctrine; joint doctrine; multi-Servicedoctrine.combined force(*)-A military force composed <strong>of</strong>elements <strong>of</strong> two or more allied nations. Seealso force(s).combined influence mine-See combinationinfluence mine.combined operation(*)-An operation conductedby forces <strong>of</strong> two or more allied nations acting77
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>together for the accomplishment <strong>of</strong> a singlemission.combined rescue coordination center-See rescuecoordination center.combined staff-A staff composed <strong>of</strong> personnel <strong>of</strong>two or more allied nations. See also integral·eel staff; joint staff; parallel stafT.combined warfare-Warfare conducted by forces<strong>of</strong> two or more allied nations in coordinatedaction toward common objectives.combustor(*)-A name generally assigned to thecombination <strong>of</strong> flame holder or stabilizer •.igniter, combustion chamber, <strong>and</strong> injectionsystem <strong>of</strong> a ramjet or gas turbine.comm<strong>and</strong>-I. The authority that a comm<strong>and</strong>er inthe <strong>Military</strong> Service lawfully exercises oversubordinates by virtue <strong>of</strong> rank or assignment.Conun<strong>and</strong> includes the authority <strong>and</strong> responsibilityfor effectively using available resources<strong>and</strong> for planning the employment <strong>of</strong>, organizing,directing, coordinating, <strong>and</strong> controllingmilitary forces for the accomplishment <strong>of</strong>assigned missions. It also includes responsibilityfor health, welfare, morale, <strong>and</strong> discipline <strong>of</strong>assigned personnel. 2. An order given by acomm<strong>and</strong>er; that is, the will <strong>of</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>erexpressed for the purpose <strong>of</strong> bringing about aparticular action. 3. A unit or units, an organization,or an area under the comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> oneindividual. 4. To dominate by a field <strong>of</strong>weapon fire or by observation from a superiorposition. See als
'~.. .~'.....~·I '·~·~:"('to gather, process, analyze, display, <strong>and</strong> disseminateplanning <strong>and</strong> operational data <strong>and</strong>perform other related tasks.comm<strong>and</strong> channel-See chain <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>.comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain-The senior chaplain assignedto or designated by a comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> a staff,comm<strong>and</strong>, or unit. See also comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain<strong>of</strong> the combatant comm<strong>and</strong>; lay leaderor lay reader; religious ministry support;religious ministry support plan; religiousministry support team; Service componentcomm<strong>and</strong> chaplain.comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain <strong>of</strong> the combatant comm<strong>and</strong>.-The senior chaplain assigned to the staff <strong>of</strong>, ordesignated by, the combatant comm<strong>and</strong>er toprovide advice on religion, ethics, <strong>and</strong> morale<strong>of</strong> assigned personnel <strong>and</strong> to coordinate religiousministries within the comm<strong>and</strong>er's area<strong>of</strong> responsibility. The comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain <strong>of</strong>the combatant comm<strong>and</strong> may be supported bya staff <strong>of</strong> chaplains <strong>and</strong> enlisted religious supportpersonnel. See also comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain;lay leader or lay reader; religious ministrysupport; religious ministry support plan;religious ministry support team; Servicecomponent comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain.comm<strong>and</strong>, control, communications, <strong>and</strong> computersystems-Integrated systems <strong>of</strong> doctrine,procedures, organizational structures, personnel.equipment, facilities, <strong>and</strong> communicationsdesigned to support a comm<strong>and</strong>er's exercise <strong>of</strong>comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control, through all phases <strong>of</strong> theoperational contifuum. Also called C4 systems....:' Acomm<strong>and</strong> controlled stocks(*)-Stocks which areplaced at the disposal <strong>of</strong> a designated NATOcomm<strong>and</strong>er in order to provide him with aflexibility with which to influence the battlelogistically. "Placed at the disposal <strong>of</strong>" impliesresponsibility for storage, maintenance, accounting,rotation or turnover, physical securi-<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>ty, <strong>and</strong> subsequent transportation to a panicularbattle area.comm<strong>and</strong> destruct signai(*)-A signal used tooperate intentionally the destruction signal in amissile.comm<strong>and</strong> detonated mine(*)-A mine detonatedby remotely controlled means.comm<strong>and</strong> ejection system-See ejection systems.comm<strong>and</strong> element-See Marine air-ground taskforce.comm<strong>and</strong>er, amphibious task force-The USNavy <strong>of</strong>ficer designated in the initiating directiveas comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> the amphibious taskforce. Also called CA TF.comm<strong>and</strong>er, l<strong>and</strong>ing force-The <strong>of</strong>ficer designatedin the initiating directive for an amphibioUsoperation to comm<strong>and</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>ing force. Alsocalled CLF.comm<strong>and</strong>er(s)-See executing comm<strong>and</strong>er (nodearweapons); exercise comm<strong>and</strong>er; Major .NATO Comm<strong>and</strong>ers; national comm<strong>and</strong>er;national force comm<strong>and</strong>ers; national territorialcomm<strong>and</strong>er; releasing comm<strong>and</strong>er (nuclearweapons).comm<strong>and</strong>er's concept-See concept <strong>of</strong> operations.comm<strong>and</strong>er's estimate <strong>of</strong> the situation-A logical. process <strong>of</strong> reasoning by which a comm<strong>and</strong>erconsiders all the circumstances affecting themilitary situation <strong>and</strong> arrives at a decision as toa course <strong>of</strong> action to be taken to accomplish themission. A comm<strong>and</strong>er's estimate whichconsiders a military situation so far in thefuture as to require major assumptions is calleda comm<strong>and</strong>er's long-range estimate <strong>of</strong> thesituation. See also estimate <strong>of</strong> the situation.79
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>comm<strong>and</strong> guidance(*)-A guidance system whereinintelligence transmitted to the missile froman outside source causes the missile to traversea directed flight path.comm<strong>and</strong> heading-Heading that the controlledaircraft is directed to assume by the controlstation.comm<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong> troops-On a ship that hasembarked units, a designated <strong>of</strong>ficer, usuallythe senior embarking unit comm<strong>and</strong>er, who isresponsible for the administration, discipline,<strong>and</strong> training <strong>of</strong> all embarked units. Also calledCOT.comm<strong>and</strong> net(*)-A communications networkwhich connects an echelon <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>· withsome or all <strong>of</strong> its subordinate echelons for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control.comm<strong>and</strong> post(*)-A unit's or subunit's headquarterswhere the comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> the staff performtheir activities. In combat, a unit's orsubunit's headquarters is <strong>of</strong>ten divided intoechelons; the echelon in. which the unit orsubunit comm<strong>and</strong>er is located or from whichsuch comm<strong>and</strong>er operates is called a comm<strong>and</strong>post.comm<strong>and</strong> post exerdse(*)-An exercise in whichthe forces are simulated, involving the comm<strong>and</strong>er,his staff, <strong>and</strong> communications within<strong>and</strong> between headquarters. See also exercise;maneuver.comm<strong>and</strong> select ej~on system-See ejectionsystems.:-.~comm<strong>and</strong> speed-The speed at which the controlledaircraft is directed to fly.comm<strong>and</strong>-sponsored dependent-A dependententitled to travel to overseas comm<strong>and</strong>s atGovernment expense <strong>and</strong> endorsed by theappropriate military comm<strong>and</strong>er to be presentin a dependent's status.commercial items-Articles <strong>of</strong> supply readilyavailable from established commercial distributionsources which the Department <strong>of</strong> Defenseor inventory managers in the <strong>Military</strong> Serviceshave designated · to be obtained directly orindirectly from such sources.commercial loading-See administrative loading.commercial vehicle-A vehicle which has evolvedin the commercial market to meet civilianrequirements <strong>and</strong> which is selected from existingproduction lines for military use.commission-!. To put in or make ready forservice or use, as to commission an aircraft ora ship. 2. A written order giving a personrank <strong>and</strong> authority as an <strong>of</strong>ficer in the armedforces. 3. The rclnk <strong>and</strong> the authority givenby such an order. See also activate; constitute.(\commit-The process <strong>of</strong> committing one or moreair interceptors or surface-to-air missiles forinterception against a target track.commodity loading(*)-A method <strong>of</strong> loading inwhich various types <strong>of</strong> cargoes are loadedtogether, such as ammunition, rations, orboxed vehicles, in order that each commoditycan be discharged without disturbing the others.See also combat loading; loading.commodity- manager-An individual within theorganization <strong>of</strong> an inventory control point orother such organization assigned managementresponsibility for homogeneous grouping <strong>of</strong>materiel items.commonality-A quality that applies to materiel orsystems: a. possessing like <strong>and</strong> interchangeablecharacteristics enabling each to be utilized, oroperated <strong>and</strong> maintained, by personnel trained80
...on the others without additional specializedtramtng. b. having interchangeable repairparts <strong>and</strong>/or components. c. applying toconsumable items interchangeably equivalentwithout adjustment.common business-oriented languaie-A specificlanguage by which business data-processingprocedures may be precisely described in ast<strong>and</strong>ard form. The language is intended notonly as a means for directly presenti~g anybusiness program to any suitable computer forwhich a compiler exists, but also as a means <strong>of</strong>communicating such procedures among individuals.Commonly referred to as COBOL.common control (artillery)-Horizontal <strong>and</strong>vertical map or chan location <strong>of</strong> points in thetarget area <strong>and</strong> position area, tied in with thehorizontal <strong>and</strong> venical control in use by two ormore units. May be established by firing,survey, or combination <strong>of</strong> both, or by assumption.See also control point; field control;ground control.common infrastructure(*)-Infrastructure essentialto the training <strong>of</strong> NATO forces or to theimplementation <strong>of</strong> NATO operational planswhich, owing to its degree <strong>of</strong> common use orinterest <strong>and</strong> its ·compliance with criteria laiddown from time to time by the Nonh AtlanticCouncil, is commonly fmanced by NATOmembers. See also infrastructure.common item-1. Any item <strong>of</strong> materiel which isrequired for use by more than one activity. 2.Sometimes loose!~ .~ed to denote any consumableitem ex~tt~air pans or other technicalitems. 3. ~tern <strong>of</strong> materiel which isprocured for, o}led by (Service stock), orused by any <strong>Military</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> the Department<strong>of</strong> Defense <strong>and</strong> is also required to befurnished to a recipient country under thegrant-aid <strong>Military</strong> Assistance Program. 4.Readily available commercial items. S. Itemsused by two or more <strong>Military</strong> Services <strong>of</strong><strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>similar manufacture or fabrication that mayvary between the Services as to color or shape(as vehicles or clothing). 6. Any part orcomponent which is required in the assembly <strong>of</strong>two or more complete end-items.common servicing-That function performed byone <strong>Military</strong> Service in support <strong>of</strong> another<strong>Military</strong> Service for which reimbursement isnor required from the Service receiving suppon.See also servicing.common supplies-Those supplies common to twoor more Services.common use-Services, materials, or facilitiesprovided by a Department <strong>of</strong> Defense agencyor a <strong>Military</strong> Department on a common basisfor two or more Department <strong>of</strong> Defense agencies.common use alternatives-Systems, subsystemS,devices, components, <strong>and</strong> materials, alreadydeveloped or under development, which couldbe used to reduce the cost <strong>of</strong> new systemsacquisition <strong>and</strong> support by reducing duplication<strong>of</strong> research <strong>and</strong> development effon <strong>and</strong> bylimiting the addition <strong>of</strong> suppon base.common user airlift service-The airlift serviceprovided on a common basis for all <strong>DOD</strong>agencies <strong>and</strong>, as authorized, for other agencies<strong>of</strong> the US Government.common user item(*)-An item <strong>of</strong> an interchangeablenature which is in common use by two ormore nations or services <strong>of</strong> a nation. See alsointerchangeability.common-user tift-US Transportation Comm<strong>and</strong>controlledlift: The pool <strong>of</strong> strategic transportationassets either government owned or charteredthat are under the operational control <strong>of</strong>Air Mobility Comm<strong>and</strong>, <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>,or <strong>Military</strong> Traffic Management Comm<strong>and</strong>for the purpose <strong>of</strong> providing common-81
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>user transportation to the Department <strong>of</strong> Defenseacross the range <strong>of</strong> military operations.These assets range from common-user organicor chartered pool <strong>of</strong> common-user assets availableday-to-day to a larger pool <strong>of</strong> commonuserassets phased in from other sources.common-user miUtary l<strong>and</strong> trailsportationPoint-to-point l<strong>and</strong> transponation service operatedby a single Service for common use bytwo or more Services.common user network-A system <strong>of</strong> circuits orchannels allocated to furnish communicationpaths between switching centers to providecommunication service on a common basis toall connected stations or subscribers. It issometimes described as a General PurposeNetwork.common-user ocean termiaals-A military installation,part <strong>of</strong> a military installation, or acommercial facility operated under contract oramngement by the <strong>Military</strong> Traffic ManagementComm<strong>and</strong> which regularly provides fortwo or more Services terminal functions <strong>of</strong>receipt, transit storage or stag~, processins,<strong>and</strong> loading <strong>and</strong> unloading <strong>of</strong> passengers orcargo aboard ships.commUDication deceptioa-Use <strong>of</strong> devices, operations,<strong>and</strong> techniques with the intent <strong>of</strong> confusingor misleadins the user <strong>of</strong> a communicationslink or a navigation system.communication operation iastrucdoas-Seesipal operation iDstructio•.~-. communicatioas-A fiemod or means <strong>of</strong> conveyinsinformation o~ kind from one j,erson orplace to another. fee also telecommUDication.commUDicatio• center(*)-An agency chargedwith the responsibility for h<strong>and</strong>ling <strong>and</strong> controllingCommunications traffic. The center normallyincludes message center, transmitting,82<strong>and</strong> receiving facilities. See also telecommunicationscenter.communicatioas intelligence-Technical <strong>and</strong>intelligence infonnation derived from foreigncommunications by other than the intendedrecipients. Also called COMINT.communicatioas intelligence data base-Theaggregate <strong>of</strong> technical <strong>and</strong> intelligence infonnationderived from the interception <strong>and</strong> analysis<strong>of</strong> foreign communications (excluding press,propag<strong>and</strong>a, <strong>and</strong> public broadcast) used in thedirection <strong>and</strong> redirection <strong>of</strong> communicationsintelligence intercept, analysis, <strong>and</strong> reponingactivities.commUDications mark-An electronic indicatorused for directing attention to a particularobject or position <strong>of</strong> mutual interest within orbetween comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control systems.commUDicatioDS net(*)-An organization <strong>of</strong>stations capable <strong>of</strong> direct communications on acommon channel or frequency.commUDicatioas network-An organization <strong>of</strong>stations capable <strong>of</strong> intercommunications, butnot necessarily on the same channel.commUDications satellite(*)-An orbiting vehicle,which ~lays signals between communicationsstations. There are two types: a. ActiveCommUDicatiom Satellite-A satellite thatreceives, regenerates, <strong>and</strong> retransmits signalsbetween stations; b. Passive Communicati.Satellite-A satellite which reflects cormnunicationssignals between stations .commUDicatiom security-The protection resultinsfrom all measures designed to deny unauthorizedpersons information <strong>of</strong> value whichmight be derived from the possession <strong>and</strong> study<strong>of</strong> telecommunications, or to mislead unauthorizedpersons in their intcrprcwion <strong>of</strong> theresults <strong>of</strong> such possession <strong>and</strong> study. Also,
called COMSEC. Communications securityincludes: a. cryptosecurity; b. transmissionsecurity; c. emission security; <strong>and</strong> d. physicalsecurity <strong>of</strong> communications security materials<strong>and</strong> information. a. cryptosecurity-Thecomponent <strong>of</strong> communications security thatresults from the provision <strong>of</strong> technically soundcryptosystems <strong>and</strong> their proper use. b. transmissionsecurity-The component <strong>of</strong> communicationssecurity that results from all measuresdesigned to protect transmissions from interception<strong>and</strong> exploitation by means other thancryptanalysis. c. emission security-Thecomponent <strong>of</strong> communications security thatresults from all measures taken to deny unauthorizedpersons information <strong>of</strong> value thatmight be derived from intercept <strong>and</strong> analysis <strong>of</strong>compromising emanations from crypto-equipment<strong>and</strong> telecommunications systems. d.physical security-The component <strong>of</strong> communicationssecurity that results from all physicalmeasures necessary to safeguard classifiedequipment, material, <strong>and</strong> documents fromaccess thereto or observation there<strong>of</strong> by unauthorizedpersons.communications security equipment-Equipmentdesigned to provide security to telecommunicationsby convening information to a formunintelligible to an unauthorized interceptor <strong>and</strong>by reconvening such information to its originalform for authorized recipients, as well asequipment designed specifically to aid in, or asan essential element <strong>of</strong>, the conversion process.Communications security equipment is cryptoequipment,cryptoancillary equipment, cryptopr~uctionequfment, <strong>and</strong> authenticationequipment. ..:..~communications security material-All documents,devices, equipment, or apparatus,including cryptomaterial, used in establishingor maintaining secure communications.communications security monitoring-The act <strong>of</strong>listening to, copying, or recording transmis-',<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>sions <strong>of</strong> one's own circuits (or when speciallyagreed, e.g., in allied exercises, those <strong>of</strong> friendlyforces) to provide material for communicationssecurity analysis in order to determine thedegree <strong>of</strong> security being provided to thosetransmiSSions. In particular, the purposesinclude providing a basis for advising comm<strong>and</strong>erson the security risks resulting fromtheir transmissions, improving the security <strong>of</strong>communications, <strong>and</strong> planning <strong>and</strong> conductingmanipulative communications deception operations.communications terminal-Terminus <strong>of</strong> a communicationscircuit at which data can be eitherentered or received; located with the originatoror ultimate addressee.communications zone(*)-Rear pan <strong>of</strong> theater <strong>of</strong>operations {behind but contiguous to the comoatzone) which contains the lines <strong>of</strong> communications,establishments for supply <strong>and</strong> evacuation,<strong>and</strong> other agencies required for the immediatesupport <strong>and</strong> maintenance <strong>of</strong> the field forces.See also combat zone; rear area.community relations-The relationship betweenmilitary <strong>and</strong> civilian communities.community relations program-That comm<strong>and</strong>function which evaluates public attitudes,identifies the mission <strong>of</strong> a military organizationwith the public interest, <strong>and</strong> executes a program<strong>of</strong> action to earn public underst<strong>and</strong>ing<strong>and</strong> acceptance. Community relations programsare conducted at all levels <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>,both in the United States <strong>and</strong> overseas, by .military organizations having a communityrelations area <strong>of</strong> responsibility. Communityrelations programs include, but are not limitedto, such activities as liaison <strong>and</strong> cooperationwith associations <strong>and</strong> organizations <strong>and</strong> theirlocal affiliates at all levels; armed forces participationin international, national, regional,state, <strong>and</strong> local public events; installation openhouses <strong>and</strong> tours; embarkations in naval ships~83
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>orientation tours for distinguished civilians;people-to-people <strong>and</strong> humanitarian acts; cooperationwith government <strong>of</strong>ficials <strong>and</strong> communityleaders; <strong>and</strong> encouragement <strong>of</strong> armed forcespersonnel <strong>and</strong> their dependents to participate inactivities <strong>of</strong> local schools, churches, fraternal,social. <strong>and</strong> civic organizations, spons, <strong>and</strong>recreation programs, <strong>and</strong> other aspects <strong>of</strong>community life to the extent feasible <strong>and</strong> appropriate,regardless <strong>of</strong> where they are located.comparative cover(*)-Coverage <strong>of</strong> the same areaor object taken at different times, to show anychanges in details. See also cover.compartmentation-1. Establishment <strong>and</strong> management<strong>of</strong> an organization so that informationabout the personnel, internal organization, oractivities <strong>of</strong> one component is made available toany other component only to the extent requiredfor the perfonnance <strong>of</strong> assigned duties.2. Effects <strong>of</strong> relief <strong>and</strong> drainage upon avenues<strong>of</strong> approach so as to produce areas bounded onat least two sides by terrain features such aswoods,_ ridges, or ravines that limit observationor observed fire into the area from pointsoutside the area.Compass direction(*)-The horizontal directionexpressed as an angular distance measuredclockwise from compass north.compass north(*)-The uncorrected directionindicated by the nonh seeking end <strong>of</strong> a compassneedle. See also magnetic north.compass rose(*)--\:" graduated circle, usuallymarked in degrep, indicating directions <strong>and</strong>printed or inscribld on an appropriate medium.com~tibility(*)-Capability <strong>of</strong> two or more itemsor components <strong>of</strong> equipment or material toexist or function in the same system or environmentwithout mutual interference. See alsointerchangeability.84complaint-type investigation-A counterintelligenceinvestigation in which sabotage, espionage,treason, sedition, subversive activity, ordisaffection is suspected.completeness-Operation plan review criterion.The determination that each course <strong>of</strong> actionmust be complete <strong>and</strong> answer the questions:who, what, when, where, <strong>and</strong> how. See alsoacceptability; completeness; feasibility; suitability.complete round-A term applied to an assemblage<strong>of</strong> explosive <strong>and</strong> nonexplosive componentsdesigned to perform a specific function at thetime <strong>and</strong> under the conditions desired. Examples<strong>of</strong> complete rounds <strong>of</strong> ammunition are: a.separate loading-consisting <strong>of</strong> a primer, propellingcharge, <strong>and</strong>, except for blank ammu~ition,a projectile <strong>and</strong> a fuze. b. faxed orsemifaed-consisting <strong>of</strong> a primer, propellingcharge, cartridge case, a projectile, <strong>and</strong>, ex~twhen solid projectiles are used, a fuze. c.bomb-consisting <strong>of</strong> all component pans requiredto drop <strong>and</strong> function the bomb once. d.missile-consisting <strong>of</strong> a complete warheadsection <strong>and</strong> a missile body with its associatedcomponents <strong>and</strong> propellants. e. rocket-consisting<strong>of</strong> all components necessary to function.component(*)-ln logistics, a part or combination<strong>of</strong> partS having a specific function, which canbe installed or replaced only as an entity. Seealso assembly; part; subassembly.component (materiel)-An assembly or any combination<strong>of</strong> pans, subassemblies, <strong>and</strong> assembliesmounted together in manufacture, assembly,maintenance, or rebuild.component search <strong>and</strong> rescue controller-Thedesignated search <strong>and</strong> rescue representative <strong>of</strong>a component comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> a unified comm<strong>and</strong>who is responsible in the name <strong>of</strong> the componentcomm<strong>and</strong>er for the control <strong>of</strong> componentsearch <strong>and</strong> rescue forces committed to joint/'\:·l"
·>· ~· • . ,.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>search <strong>and</strong> rescue operations. See also search<strong>and</strong> rescue.composite air photography-Air photographsmade with a camera having one principal lens<strong>and</strong> two or more surrounding <strong>and</strong> obliquelenses. The several resulting photographs arecorrected or transformed in printing to permitassembly as verticals with the same scale.composite warfare comm<strong>and</strong>er-The <strong>of</strong>ficer intactical comm<strong>and</strong> is normally the compositewarfare comm<strong>and</strong>er. However the compositewarfare conun<strong>and</strong>er concept allows an <strong>of</strong>ficerin tactical comm<strong>and</strong> to delegate tactical comm<strong>and</strong>to the composite warfare comm<strong>and</strong>er.The composite warfare comm<strong>and</strong>er wagescombat operations to counter threats to theforce <strong>and</strong> to maintain tactical sea control withasse~ assigned; while the <strong>of</strong>ficer in tacticalcomm<strong>and</strong> retains close control <strong>of</strong> power projection<strong>and</strong> strategic sea control operations.compound helicopter(*)-A helicopter with anauxiliary propulsion system which providesthrust in excess <strong>of</strong> that which the rotor(s) alonecould produce, thereby permitting increasedforward speeds; wings may or may not beprovided to reduce the lift required from therotor system.compression chamber-See hyperbaric chamber.compromise-The known or suspected exposure <strong>of</strong>cl<strong>and</strong>estine personnel, installations, or otherassets or <strong>of</strong> classified information or material,to an unauthoriztit person.. .....compromised(*)-AAterm applied to classifiedmatter, knowledge <strong>of</strong> which has, in whole or inpart, passed to an unauthorized person orpersons, or which has been subject to risk <strong>of</strong>such passing. See also classified matter.computed air release point(*)-A computed airposition where the first paratroop or cargo itemis released to l<strong>and</strong> on a specified impact point.computer modeling-See accreditation; configurationmanagement; independent review;validation; verification.computer simulation-See accreditation; configurationmanagement; independent review;validation; verification.concealment(*)-The protection from observationor surveillance. See also camouflage; cover;screen.concentration area(*)-I. An area, usually in thetheater <strong>of</strong> operations, where troops are assembledbefore beginning active operations. 2. ~Alimited area on which a volume <strong>of</strong> gunfire· isplaced within a limited time.concept(*)-A notion or statement <strong>of</strong> an idea,expressing how something might be done oraccomplished, that may lead to an acceptedprocedure.concept <strong>of</strong> intelligence operations-A verbal orgraphic statement, in broad outline, <strong>of</strong> a J2'sassumptions or intent in regard to intelligencesupport. <strong>of</strong> an operation or series <strong>of</strong> operations.The concept <strong>of</strong> intelligence operations, whichcomplements the comm<strong>and</strong>er's concept <strong>of</strong>operations, is contained in the intelligenceannex <strong>of</strong> operation plans. The concept <strong>of</strong>intelligence operations is designed to give anoverall picture <strong>of</strong> intelligence support for jointoperations. It is included primarily for additionalclarity <strong>of</strong> purpose. See also concept <strong>of</strong>operations.concept <strong>of</strong> logistic support-A verbal or graphicstatement, in a broad outline, <strong>of</strong> how a comm<strong>and</strong>erintends to support <strong>and</strong> integrate with aconcept <strong>of</strong> operations in an operation or campaign.85
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>concept <strong>of</strong> operations-A verbal or graphic statement,in broad outline, <strong>of</strong> a comm<strong>and</strong>er'sassumptions or intent in regard to an operationor series <strong>of</strong> operations. The concept <strong>of</strong> operationsfrequently is embodied in campaign plans<strong>and</strong> operation plans; in the latter case, particularlywhen the plans cover a series <strong>of</strong> connectedoperations to be carried out simultaneouslyor in succession. The concept is designed togive an overall picture <strong>of</strong> die operatiop. It isincluded primarily for additional clarity <strong>of</strong>purpose. Also called comm<strong>and</strong>er's concept.concept plan-An operation plan in concept format.Also called CONPLAN. See also conceptsummary; operation plan.concept summary-A concept <strong>of</strong> operations in<strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution System,Volume U. Used to address <strong>Joint</strong> StrategicCapabilities Plan or other Chairman <strong>of</strong> the<strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff planning tasks in a broadersense than required by a more detailed operationplan in concept format or operation plan.See also concept plan; operation plan.condensation cloud-A mist or fog <strong>of</strong> minutewater droplets that temporarily surrounds thefireball following a nuclear (or atomic) detonationin a comparatively humid atmosphere.The expansion <strong>of</strong> the air in the negative phase<strong>of</strong> the blast wave from the explosion results ina lowering <strong>of</strong> the temperature, so that condensation<strong>of</strong> water vapor present in the air occurs<strong>and</strong> a cloud forms. The cloud is soon dispelledwhen the pressure. returns to nonnal <strong>and</strong> the airwanns up again. ~e phenomenon is similar tothat used by ph~icists in the Wilson cloudchamber <strong>and</strong> is ·sometimes called the cloudchamber effect.condensation trail-A visible cloud streak, usuallybrilliantly white in color, which trails behind amissile or other vehicle in flight under certainconditions. Also called contrail.Condor-An air-to-surface guided missile whichprovides st<strong>and</strong><strong>of</strong>f launch capability for attackaircraft. Designated as AGM-53.conducting staff-See exercise; directing staff.cone <strong>of</strong> sUenc:e(*)-An inverted cone-shaped spacedirectly over the aerial towers <strong>of</strong> some forms<strong>of</strong> radio beacons in which signals are unheardor greatly reduced in volume. See also Zmarker beacon.configuration management-In computer modeling<strong>and</strong> simulation, a discipline applying technical<strong>and</strong> administrative oversight <strong>and</strong> controlto identify <strong>and</strong> document the functional requirements<strong>and</strong> capabilities <strong>of</strong> a model or simulation<strong>and</strong> its supporting databases, control changes _tothose capabilities, <strong>and</strong> document <strong>and</strong> report thechanges. See also accreditation; independentreview; validation; verification. ·confirmation <strong>of</strong> information (intelligence)-Aninformation item is said to be confinned whenit is reponed for the second time, preferably byanother independent source whose reliability isconsidered when confirming information.confused-In air intercept, a tenn meaning, "Individualcontacts not identiftable."confusion agent-An individual who is dispatchedby the sponsor for the primary purpose <strong>of</strong>confounding the intelligence or counterintelligenceapparatus <strong>of</strong> another country rather thanfor the purpose <strong>of</strong> collecting <strong>and</strong> transmittinginformation.confusion reDector(*)-A reflector <strong>of</strong> electromagneticradiations used to create echoes for confusionpurposes. Radar confusion reflectorsinclude such devices as chaff, rope <strong>and</strong> comerreflectors.c:onnectiDg route(*)-A route connecting axial<strong>and</strong>/or lateral routes. See also route.86
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>CONPLAN-See concept plan.consecutive voyage charter-A contract by whicha commercial ship is chartered by the <strong>Military</strong>Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong> for a series <strong>of</strong> specifiedvoyages.consoi(*)-A long-range radio aid to navigation,the emissions <strong>of</strong> which, by means <strong>of</strong> their radi<strong>of</strong>requency modulation characteristics, enablebearings to be determined.console(*)-A grouping <strong>of</strong> controls, indicators, <strong>and</strong>similar electronic or mechanical equipment,used to monitor readiness <strong>of</strong>, <strong>and</strong>/or controlspecific functions <strong>of</strong>, a system, such as missilecheckout, countdown, or launch operations.consolidated vehide table-A summary <strong>of</strong> allvehicles loaded on a ship, listed by types, <strong>and</strong>showing the units to which they belong.coosolidation-The combining or merging <strong>of</strong>elements to perform a common or relatedfunction.coosolidation <strong>of</strong> posiUon(*)-Organizing <strong>and</strong>strengthening a newly captured position so thatit can be used against the enemy.constitute-To provide the legal authority for theexistence <strong>of</strong> a new unit <strong>of</strong> the Armed Services.The new unit is designated <strong>and</strong> listed, but it basno specific existence until it is activated. Seealso activate; commission.coosumable supplif$ <strong>and</strong> material-see expendablesupplies adl material.:-~consumer-Person or agency that uses informationor intelligence produced by either its own staffor other agencies.coosumer logistics-That part <strong>of</strong> logistics concerningreception <strong>of</strong> the initial product, storage,inspection, distribution, transport, maintenance(including repair <strong>and</strong> the serviceability), <strong>and</strong>disposal <strong>of</strong> materiel, <strong>and</strong> the provision <strong>of</strong>support <strong>and</strong> services. In consequence, consumerlogistics includes: materiel requirementsdetermination, follow-on support, stock control,provision or construction <strong>of</strong> facilities(excluding any materiel element <strong>and</strong> thosefacilities needed to support production logisticsactivities), movement control, codification,reliability <strong>and</strong> defect reporting, storage, transport<strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong>ling safety st<strong>and</strong>ards, <strong>and</strong> relatedtraining.CODS11Dlption rate(*)-The average quantity <strong>of</strong> anitem consumed or expended during a giventime interval, expressed in quantities by themost appropriate unit <strong>of</strong> measurement perapplicable stated basis.contact-1. In air intercept, a term meaning,"Unit bas an unevaluated target." 2. In healthservices, an unevaluated individual who isknown to have been sufficiently near an infectedindividual to have been exposed to thetransfer <strong>of</strong> infectious material.contact burst preclusion-A fuzing arrangementwhich prevents an unwanted surface burst inthe event <strong>of</strong> failure <strong>of</strong> the air burst fuze.contact lost(*)-A target tracking term used tosignify that a target believed to be still withinthe area <strong>of</strong> visual, sonar or radar coverage istemporarily lost but the termination <strong>of</strong> trackplotting is not warranted.contact mine(*)-A mine detonated by physicalcontact. See also mine.contact point(*)-1. In l<strong>and</strong> warfare, a point onthe terrain, easily identifiable, where two ormore units are required to make contact. 2. Inair operations, the position at which a missionleader makes radio contact with an air controlagency. See also check point; control point;coordinatjng point. .87
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>contact print(*)-A print made from a negative ora diapositive in direct contact with sensitizedmaterial.contact reconnaissance-Locating isolated unitsout <strong>of</strong> contact with the main force.contact report(*)-A report indicating any detection<strong>of</strong> the enemy.contain(*)-To stop, hold, or surround the forces<strong>of</strong> the enemy or to cause the enemy to centeractivity on a given front <strong>and</strong> to prevent hiswithdrawing any part <strong>of</strong> his forces for useelsewhere.container anchorage terminal(*)-A shelteredanchorage (not a port) with the appropriatefacilities for the transshipment <strong>of</strong> containerizedcargo from containerships to other vessels.contamination-!. The deposit, absorption, oradsorption <strong>of</strong> radioactive material, or <strong>of</strong> biologicalor chemical agents on or by structures,areas, personnel, or objects. See also inducedradiation; residual radiation. 2. Food <strong>and</strong>/or water made unfit for consumption by humansor animals because <strong>of</strong> the presence <strong>of</strong>environmental chemicals, radioactive elements,bacteria or organisms, the byproduct <strong>of</strong> thegrowth <strong>of</strong> bacteria or organisms, the decomposingmaterial (to include the food substanceitself), or waste in the food or water.continental United States-United States territory,including the adjac.ent territorial waters, locatedwithin North Anterica between Canada <strong>and</strong>Mexico. Also ~ CONUS.contingency-An emergency involving militaryforces caused by natural disasters, terrorists,subversives, or by required military operations.Due to the uncertainty <strong>of</strong> the situation, contingenciesrequire plans, rapid response, <strong>and</strong>special procedures to ensure the safety <strong>and</strong>88readiness <strong>of</strong> personnel, installations, <strong>and</strong> equipment.See also contingency contracting.contingency contracting-Contracting performedin support <strong>of</strong> a peacetime contingency in anoverseas location pursuant to the policies <strong>and</strong>procedures <strong>of</strong> the Federal Acquisition RegulatorySystem. See also contingency.contingency plan-A plan for major contingenciesthat can reasonably be anticipated in the principalgeographic subareas <strong>of</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>.contingency planning-The development <strong>of</strong> plansfor potential crisis involving military requirementsthat can reasonably be expected in anarea <strong>of</strong> responsibility. Contingency planningcan occur anywhere within the range <strong>of</strong> militaryoperations <strong>and</strong> may be performed deliberatelyor under crisis action conditions. Contingencyplanning for joint operations is coordinatedat the national level by assigning planningtasks <strong>and</strong> relationships among the combatantcomm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> apportioning or allocatingthem the forces <strong>and</strong> resources available toaccomplish those tasks. Comm<strong>and</strong>ers throughoutthe unified chain <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> may tasktheir staffs <strong>and</strong> subordinate comm<strong>and</strong>s withadditional contingency planning tasks beyondthose specified at the national level to providebroader contingency coverage. See also jointoperation planning.contingency planning fadllties list program-Ajoint Defense Intelligence Agency/unified <strong>and</strong>specified conun<strong>and</strong> program for the production<strong>and</strong> maintenance <strong>of</strong> current wget documentation<strong>of</strong> all countries <strong>of</strong> contingency planninginterest to US military planners.contingency retention stock-That portion <strong>of</strong> thequantity <strong>of</strong> an item excess to the approvedforce retention level for which there is nopredictable dem<strong>and</strong> or quantifiable requirement,· · <strong>and</strong> which normally would be allocated aspotential <strong>DOD</strong> excess stock, except for a!'\,
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>detennination that the quantity will be retainedfor ·possible contingencies for United Statesforces. (Category C ships, aircraft, <strong>and</strong> otheritems being retained as contingency reserve areincluded in this stratum.)contingent effects-The effects, both desirable <strong>and</strong>undesirable, which are in addition to the primaryeffects associated with a nuclear detonation.contingent zone <strong>of</strong> tiri-An area within which adesignated ground unit or fire suppon ship maybe called upon to deliver fire. See also zone <strong>of</strong>tire.continue port/starboard-In air intercept, a termmeaning, "Continue turning pan/starboard atpresent rate <strong>of</strong> turn to magnetic heading indicated,"(3 figures) or "Continue turningpan/starboard for number <strong>of</strong> degrees indicated."continuity <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>-The degree or state <strong>of</strong>being continuous in the exercise <strong>of</strong> the authorityvested in an individ~ <strong>of</strong> the armed forcesfor the direction, coordination, <strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong>military forces.continuity <strong>of</strong> operatious-The degree or state <strong>of</strong>being continuous in the conduct <strong>of</strong> functions,tasks, or duties necessary to accomplish amilitary action or mission in carrying out thenational military strategy. It includes thefunctions <strong>and</strong> duties <strong>of</strong> the conun<strong>and</strong>er, as wellas the supponing functions <strong>and</strong> duties performedby the staff <strong>and</strong> others acting under theauthority <strong>and</strong> ~ection <strong>of</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>er.kcontinuous r~re(•~ 1. Fire conducted at a normalrate without ~erruption for application <strong>of</strong>adjustment corrections or for other causes. 2.In field anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire suppon,loading <strong>and</strong> firing at a specified rate or asrapidly as possible consistent with accuracywithin the prescribed rate <strong>of</strong> fire for the weapon.Firing will continue until terminated bythe comm<strong>and</strong> end <strong>of</strong> mission or temporarilysuspended by the comm<strong>and</strong> cease loading orcheck firing.continuous illumination f~re(*)-A type <strong>of</strong> fire inwhich illuminating projectiles are fired atspecified time intervals to provide uninterruptedlighting on the target or specified area. Seealso coordinated illuminationcontinuous strip camera(*)-A camera in whichthe rllm moves continuously past a slit in thefocal plane, producing a photograph in oneunbroken length by virtue <strong>of</strong> the continuousforward motion <strong>of</strong> the aircraft.continuous strip imagery(*)-lmagery <strong>of</strong> a strip<strong>of</strong> terrain in which the image remains unbrokenthroughout its length, along the line <strong>of</strong> flight.· contour flight-See terrain flight.contour inten-al(*)-Difference in elevationbetween two adjacent contour lines.contour line(*)-A line on a map or chan connectingpoints <strong>of</strong> equal elevation.contract maintenance-The maintenance <strong>of</strong> materielperformed under contract by commercialorganizations (including prime Contractors) ona one-time or continuing basis, without distinctionas to the level <strong>of</strong> maintenance accomplished.contract termination-As used in Defense procurement,refers to the cessation or cancellation,in whole or in pan, <strong>of</strong> work under aprime contract, or a subcontract thereunder, forthe convenience <strong>of</strong>, or at the option <strong>of</strong>, thegovernment, or due to failure <strong>of</strong> the contractorto perform in accordance with the terms <strong>of</strong> thecontract (default).contrail-See condensation trail.89
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>control-1. Authority which may be less than fullcomm<strong>and</strong> exercised by a comm<strong>and</strong>er over pan<strong>of</strong> the activities <strong>of</strong> subordinate or other organizations.2. In mapping, charting, <strong>and</strong> photogranunetry,a collective term for a system <strong>of</strong>marks or objects on the Earth or on a map ora photograph, whose positions or elevations, orboth, have been or will be determined. 3.Physical or psychological pressures exenedwith the intent to assure that an agent or groupwill respond as directed~ 4. An indicatorgoverning the distribution <strong>and</strong> use <strong>of</strong> documents,information, or material. Such indicatorsare the subject <strong>of</strong> intelligence communityagreement <strong>and</strong> are specifically defined inappropriate regulations. See also administrativecontrol; operational control; tacticalcontrol.control <strong>and</strong> reporting center-An element <strong>of</strong> theUS Air Force tactical air control system,subordinate to the tactical air control center,from which radar control <strong>and</strong> warning operationsare conducted within its area <strong>of</strong> responsibility.control <strong>and</strong> reporting post-An element <strong>of</strong> theUS Air Force tactical air control system,subordinate to the control <strong>and</strong> reponing center,which provides radar control <strong>and</strong> surveillancewithin its area <strong>of</strong> responsibility.control area(*)-A controlled airspace extendiilgupwards from a specified limit above the Earth.See also airway; controlled ainpace; controlzone; terminal control area.. a:• .control grou~Pers01111el, ships, <strong>and</strong> craft designatedto control die waterborne ship-to-shoremovement.control (intelligence)-See control (<strong>DOD</strong>) Parts3 <strong>and</strong> 4.controllable mine(*)-A mine which after layingcan be controlled by the user, to the extent <strong>of</strong>90making the mine safe or live, or to fire themine. See also mine.controlled airspace(*)-An airspace <strong>of</strong> defineddimensions within which air traffic controlservice is provided to controlled flights.controUed dangerous air cargo(*)-Cargo whichis regarded as highly dangerous <strong>and</strong> which mayonly be carried by cargo aircraft operatingwithin specific safety regulations.controlled efTects nuclear weapoos-Nuclearweapons designed to achieve variation in theintensity <strong>of</strong> specific effects other than normalblast effect.controlled exen:ise(*)-An exercise characterizedby the imposition <strong>of</strong> constraints on some or all<strong>of</strong> the participating units by planning authoritieswith the principal intention <strong>of</strong> provoking types<strong>of</strong> interaction. See also free play exercise.controlled firing area-An area in which ordnancefiring is conducted under controlled conditionsso as to eliminate hazard to aircraft in flight.See also restricted area.controUed fon:es-<strong>Military</strong> or paramilitary forcesunder effective <strong>and</strong> sustained political <strong>and</strong>·military direction.controUed informatioa-1. Information conveyedto an adversary in a deception operation toevoke desired appreciations. 2. Information<strong>and</strong> indicators deliberately conveyed oi deniedto foreign targets to evoke invalid <strong>of</strong>ficialestimates that result in foreign <strong>of</strong>ficial actionsadvantageous to US interests <strong>and</strong> objectives.controlled item-see regulated item.controlled ma~A map with precise horizorual<strong>and</strong> venical ground control as a basis. Scale,. azimuth, <strong>and</strong> elevation are accurate. See alsomap.(\1:~
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>controlled mosaic(*)-A mosaic corrected forscale, rectified <strong>and</strong> laid to ground control toprovide an accurate representation <strong>of</strong> distances<strong>and</strong> direction. See also mosaic; rectification;uncontrolled mosaic.controlled passing(*)-A traffic movement procedurewhereby two lines <strong>of</strong> traffic travelling inopposite directions are enabled to traversealternately a point or section <strong>of</strong> route which cantake only one line <strong>of</strong> traffic at a time ..controlled port(*)-A harbor or anchorage atwhich entry <strong>and</strong> departure, assignment <strong>of</strong>berths, <strong>and</strong> traffic within the harbor or anchorageare controlled by military authorities.See concontrolled reprisal-Not to be used.troUed response.controlled response-The selection from a widevariety <strong>of</strong> feasible options <strong>of</strong> the one which willprovide the specific military response mostadvantageous in the circumstances.controlled route(*)-A route, the use <strong>of</strong> which issubject to traffic or movement restrictionswhich may be supervised. See also route.controlled shipping-Shipping that is controlled bythe <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>. Included in thiscategory are <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong> ships(United States Naval Ships), government-ownedships operated under a general agency agreement,<strong>and</strong> commercial ships under charter tothe <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>. See also <strong>Military</strong>Sealift COQUIWld; United States NavalShip. ~:~controlled war-Not to be used. See limited war.control <strong>of</strong> electromagnetic radiation-A nationaloperational plan to minimize the use <strong>of</strong> electromagneticradiation in the United States <strong>and</strong> itspossessions <strong>and</strong> the Panama Canal Zone in theevent <strong>of</strong> attack or inuninent threat there<strong>of</strong>, asan aid to the navigation <strong>of</strong> hostile aircraft,guided missiles, or other devices. See alsoemission control orders.control point(*)-I. A position along a route <strong>of</strong>march at which men are stationed to giveinformation <strong>and</strong> instructions for the regulation<strong>of</strong> supply or traffic. 2. A position marked bya buoy, boat, aircraft, electronic device, conspicuousterrain feature, or other identifiableobject which is given a name or number <strong>and</strong>used as an aid to navigation or control <strong>of</strong> ships,boats, or aircraft. 3. In making mosaics, apoint located by ground survey with which acorresponding point on a photograph ismatched as a check.control zone(*)-A controlled airspace extendingupwards from the surface <strong>of</strong> the Earth to aspecified upper limit. See also airway; controlarea; controlled airspace; terminal controlarea.CONUs-See continental United States.conventional forces-Those forces capable <strong>of</strong>conducting operations using nonnuclear weapons.convendonal mines-L<strong>and</strong> mines, other thannuclear or chemical, which are not designed toself-de$truCt. They are designed to be emplacedby h<strong>and</strong> or mechanical means. Conventionalmines can be buried or surface laid <strong>and</strong>are normally emplaced in a pattern to aid inrecording. See also mine.conventional planning <strong>and</strong> execution-Worldwide<strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System comm<strong>and</strong><strong>and</strong> control application s<strong>of</strong>tware <strong>and</strong> databases that are designed to suppon requirementsrelating to joint planning mobilization <strong>and</strong>deployment, including plan development,course <strong>of</strong> action development, execution planning,execution, movement monitoring, sustain-91
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>ment, <strong>and</strong> redeployment from origin to destination..conventional weapon(*)-A weapon which isneither nuclear, biological, nor chemical.converge-A request or comm<strong>and</strong> used in a callfor fire to indicate that the observer or spotterdesires a sheaf in which the planes <strong>of</strong> fireintersect at a point.converged sheaf-The lateral distribution <strong>of</strong> fire <strong>of</strong>two or more pieces so that the planes <strong>of</strong> fireintersect at a given point. See also open sheaf;parallel sheaf; sheaf; special sheaf.convergence-See convergence factor; gridconvergence; grid convergence factor; mapconvergence; true convergence.convergence factor(*)-The ratio <strong>of</strong> the anglebetween any two meridians on the chan to theiractual change <strong>of</strong> longitude. See also convergence.convergence zone-That region in the deep oceanwhere sound rays, refractured from the depths,return to the surface.conversion angle(*)-The angle between a greatcircle (orthodromic) bearing <strong>and</strong> a rhumb line(loxodromic) bearing <strong>of</strong> a point, measured at acommon origin.conversion scale(*)~Ascale indicating the relationshipbetween two different units <strong>of</strong> measurement.See also_ scale.-~convoy(*)-1. A n~ber <strong>of</strong> merchant ships ornaval auxiliaries, or both, usually esconed bywarships <strong>and</strong>/or aircraft, or a single merchantship ·or naval auxiliary under surface escort,assembled <strong>and</strong> organized for the purpose <strong>of</strong>passage together. 2. A group <strong>of</strong> vehiclesorganized for the purpose <strong>of</strong> control <strong>and</strong> orderlymovement with or without escon protection.See also coastal convoy; evacuation convoy;ocean convoy.convoy commodore(*)-A naval <strong>of</strong>ficer, or master<strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> the ships in a convoy, designated tocomm<strong>and</strong> the convoy, subject to the orders <strong>of</strong>the Officer in Tactical Comm<strong>and</strong>. If no surfaceescon is present, he takes entire comm<strong>and</strong>.convoy dispersal point(*)-The position at seawhere a convoy breaks up, each ship proceedingindependently thereafter.convoy escort(*)-1. A naval ship( s) or aircraft incompany with a convoy <strong>and</strong> responsible for itsprotection. 2. An escon to protect a convoy<strong>of</strong> vehicles from being scattered, destroyed, orcaptured. See also escort.convoy joiner-See joiner. See also joiner convoy;joiner section.convoy leaver-See Ieaver. See also Ieaver (\convoy; Ieaver section.convoy loading(*)-The loading <strong>of</strong> troop unitswith their equipment <strong>and</strong> supplies in vessels <strong>of</strong>the same movement group, but not necessarilyin the same vessel. See also loading.convoy route(*)-The specific route assigned toeach convoy by the appropriate routing authority.convoy schedule(*)-Planned convoy sailingsshowing the shipping lanes, assembly <strong>and</strong>terminal areas, scheduled speed, <strong>and</strong> sailinginterval.convoy speed(*)-For ships, the speed which theconvoy commodore orders the guide <strong>of</strong> theconvoy to make good through the water.convoy terminal area(*)-A geographical area,designated by the name <strong>of</strong> a port or anchorage92
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>on which it is centered, at which convoys orsections <strong>of</strong> convoys arrive <strong>and</strong> from which theywill be dispersed to coastal convoy systems oras independents to their final destination.convoy through escort(*)-Those ships <strong>of</strong> theclose escon which normally remain with theconvoy from its pon <strong>of</strong> assembly to its pon <strong>of</strong>arrival.convoy title(*)-A combination <strong>of</strong> le~ers <strong>and</strong>numbers that gives the port <strong>of</strong> depanure <strong>and</strong>arrival, speed, <strong>and</strong> serial number <strong>of</strong> eachconvoy.cooperative logistics-The logistic suppon provideda foreign government/agency through itspanicipation in the US Department <strong>of</strong> Defenselogistic system with reimbursement to theUnited States for suppon provided.cooperative logistics support arrangements-Thecombining term for procedural arrangements(cooperative logistics arrangements) <strong>and</strong> implementingprocedures (supplementary procedures)which together support, define, or implementcooperative logistic underst<strong>and</strong>ings between theUnited States <strong>and</strong> a friendly foreign govern~ment under peacetime conditions.coordinated draft plan(*)-A plan for which adraft plan has been coordinated with the nationsinvolved. It may be used for future planning<strong>and</strong> exercises <strong>and</strong> may be implemented duringan emergency. See also draft plan; finalplan; initial draft plan; operation plan.-coordinated ex~See JCS-coordinatedexercise. ·-• ~coordinated procurement assignee-The agencyor military Service assigned purchase responsibilityfor all Department <strong>of</strong> Defense requirements<strong>of</strong> a panicular Federal SupplyGroup/class, commodity, or item.Coordinated Universal Time-An atomic timescale that is the basis for broadcast time signals.Coordinated Universal Time (UTC)differs from International Atomic Time by anintegral number <strong>of</strong> seconds; it is maintainedwithin 0.9 seconds <strong>of</strong> UTI (see UniversalTime) by introduction <strong>of</strong> Leap Seconds. Therotational orientation <strong>of</strong> the Eanh, specified byUTl, may be obtained to an accuracy <strong>of</strong> atenth <strong>of</strong> a second by applying the UTC to the ·increment DUTl (where DUTl = UT 1 - UTC)that is broadcast in code with the time signals.Also called UTC. See also InternationalAtomic Time; Leap Second; Univenal Time;ZULU Time.coordinates(*)-Linear or angular quantities whichdesignate the position that a point occupies ina given reference frame or system. Also usedas a general term to designate the panicularkind <strong>of</strong> reference frame or system such asplane rectangular coordinates or sphericalcoordinates. See also cartesian coordinates;geographic coordinates; georef; grid coordinates.coordinating altitude-A procedural airspacecontrol method to separate ftxed- <strong>and</strong> rotarywingaircraft by determining an altitude belowwhich fixed-wing aircraft will normally not fly<strong>and</strong> above which rotary-wing aircraft normally· will not fly. · ·The coordinating altitude isnormally specified in the airspace control plan<strong>and</strong> may include a buffer zone for small altitudedeviations.coordinating authority-A comm<strong>and</strong>er or individualassigned responsibility for coordinatingspecific functions or activities involving forces<strong>of</strong> two or more Services or two or more forces<strong>of</strong> the same Service. The comm<strong>and</strong>er orindividual has the authority to require consultationbetween the agencies involved, but doesnot have the authority to compel agreement. Inthe event that essential agreement cannot be93
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>obtained, the matter shall be referred to theappointing authority.coordinating point(*)-Designated point at which,in all types <strong>of</strong> combat, adjacentunits/formations must make contact for purposes<strong>of</strong> control <strong>and</strong> coordination.coordinating review authority-An agency appointedby a Service or com~atant comm<strong>and</strong> tocoordinate with <strong>and</strong> assist the primary· reviewauthority in doctrine development, evaluation,<strong>and</strong> maintenance efforts. Each Service orcombatant comm<strong>and</strong> must assign a coordinatingreview authority. If so authorized by theappointing Service or combatant comm<strong>and</strong>,coordinating review authority comments providedto designated primary review authoritiesshould represent the position <strong>of</strong> the appointingService or combatant comm<strong>and</strong> with regard tothe publication under development. See alsojoint doctrine; joint pubUcation; joint tactics,techniques, <strong>and</strong> procedures; lead agent; jointtest pubUcation; primary review authority.coproduction-1. With respect to exports, acooperative manufacturing arrangement (e.g.,US Government. or company with foreigngovernment or company) providing for thetransfer <strong>of</strong> production infonnation that enablesan eligible foreign government, internationalorganization, or commercial producer to manufacture,in whole . or in part, an item <strong>of</strong> USdefense equipment. Such an arrangementwould include the functions <strong>of</strong> productionengineering, controlling, quality assurance, <strong>and</strong>determination <strong>of</strong> ~ource requirements. Thisis normally accomplished under the provisions<strong>of</strong> a manufacturint license agreement per theUS International Traffic in Arms Regulation. (IT AR) <strong>and</strong> could involve the implementation<strong>of</strong> a government-to-government memor<strong>and</strong>um<strong>of</strong> underst<strong>and</strong>ing. 2. A cooperative manufacturingarrangement (US Government or companywith foreign government or company)providing for the transfer <strong>of</strong> production infor-mation which enables the receiving government,international organization, or commercialproducer to manufacture, in whole or in part,an item <strong>of</strong> defense equipment. The receivingparty could be an eligible foreign government,international organization, or foreign producer;or the US Government or a US producer,d~nding on which direction the informationis to flow. A typical coproduction arrangementwould include the functions <strong>of</strong> productionengineering, controlling, quality assurance <strong>and</strong>determining <strong>of</strong> resource requirements. It mayor may not include design engineering information<strong>and</strong> critical materials production <strong>and</strong>design information.copy negative(*)-A negative produced from anoriginal not necessarily at the same scale.comer reflector(*)-1. A device, normally consisting<strong>of</strong> three metallic surfaces or screensperpendicular to one another, designed to act asa radar target or marker. 2. In radar interpretation,an object which, by means <strong>of</strong> multiplereflections from smooth surfaces, produces aradar return <strong>of</strong> greater magnitude than might beexpected from the physical size <strong>of</strong> the object.corps troops(*)-Troops assigned or attached to acorps, but not a part <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong> the divisionsthat make up the corps.correction(*)-!. In fire control, any change infiring data to bring the mean point <strong>of</strong> impact orburst closer to the target. 2. A communicationproword to indicate that an error in data hasbeen announced <strong>and</strong> that corrected data willfollow.correlation(*)-1. In air defense, the determinationthat an aircraft appearing on a radarscope,on a plotting board, or visually is the same asthat on which information is being receivedfrom another source. 2. In intelligence usage,the process which associates <strong>and</strong> combines dataon a single entity or subject from independent94
,, .observations, in order to improve the reliabilityor credibility <strong>of</strong> the information.correlation factor(•)-The ratio <strong>of</strong> a ground doserate reading to a reading taken at approximatelythe same time at survey height over the samepoint on the ground.Corsair ll-A single-seat, single turb<strong>of</strong>an engine,all-weather light attack aircraft designed tooperate from aircraft carriers, armed withcannon <strong>and</strong> capable <strong>of</strong> carrying a wide assortment<strong>of</strong> nuclear <strong>and</strong>/or conventional ordnance<strong>and</strong> advanced air-to-air <strong>and</strong> air-to-groundmissiles. Designated as A-7.cos-see critical occupational specialty.cost contract-!. A contract which provides forpayment to the contractor <strong>of</strong> allowable costs, tothe extent prescribed in the contract, incurredin performance <strong>of</strong> the contract. 2. A cost-reimbursementtype contract under which thecontractor receives no fee.cost-plus a fiXed-fee contract-A cost reimbursementtype contract which provides for thepayment <strong>of</strong> a fixed fee to the contractor. ThefiXed fee, once negotiated, does not vary withactual cost but may be adjusted as a result <strong>of</strong>any subsequent changes in the scope <strong>of</strong> work orservices to be performed under the contract.cost sharing contra~-A cost reimbursement typecontract under which the contractor receives n<strong>of</strong>ee but is reimbursed only for an agreed portion<strong>of</strong> its allowable costs.COT-See co~ <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong> troops.~countdown(•)-The step-by-step process leading toinitiation <strong>of</strong> missile testing, launching, <strong>and</strong>firing. It is performed in accordance with apre-designated time schedule.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>counter air-A US Air Force term for air operationsconducted to attain <strong>and</strong> maintain a desireddegree <strong>of</strong> air superiority by the destruction orneutralization <strong>of</strong> enemy forces. Both air <strong>of</strong>fensive<strong>and</strong> air defensive actions are involved.The former range throughout enemy territory<strong>and</strong> are generally conducted at the initiative <strong>of</strong>the friendly forces. The latter are conductedn~ or over friendly territory <strong>and</strong> are generallyreactive to the initiative <strong>of</strong> the enemy air forces.See also antiair warfare.counterattack(•)-Attack by part or all <strong>of</strong> a defendingforce against an enemy attacking force,for such specific purposes as regaining groundlost or cutting <strong>of</strong>f or destroying enemy advanceunits, <strong>and</strong> with the general objective <strong>of</strong> denyingto the enemy the attainment <strong>of</strong> his purpose inattacking. In sustained defensive operations, itis undertaken to restore the battle position <strong>and</strong>is directed at limited objectives. See alsocountermove; counterotTeusive.counterbattery fu-e(•)-Fire delivered for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> destroying or neutralizing indirectfue weapon systems.counter-Cl-See comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control warfare.counterdeception-Efforts to negate, neutralize,diminish the effects <strong>of</strong>, or gain advantage from,a foreign deception operation. Counterdeceptiondoes not include the intelligence function<strong>of</strong> identifying foreign deception operations.See also deception.counterdrug-Those active measures taken todetect, monitor, <strong>and</strong> counter the production,trafficking, <strong>and</strong> use <strong>of</strong> illegal drugs. Alsocalled CD.counterespionage-That aspect <strong>of</strong> counterintelligencedesigned to detect, destroy, neutralize,exploit, or prevent espionage activities throughidentification, penetration, manipulation, deception,<strong>and</strong> repression <strong>of</strong> individuals, groups, or95
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>organizations conducting or suspected <strong>of</strong> conductingespionage activities.counterf"~re(*)-Fire intended to destroy or neutralizeenemy weapons. (<strong>DOD</strong>) Includes counterbattery,counterbombardment, <strong>and</strong> countermortarfire. See also r~re.counterforce-The employment <strong>of</strong> strategic air <strong>and</strong>missile forces in an effort to destroy, o~ renderimpotent, selected military capabilities <strong>of</strong> anenemy force under any <strong>of</strong> the circumstances bywhich hostilities may be initiated.counterguerrilla warfare(*)-Operations <strong>and</strong>activities conducted by armed forces, paramilitaryforces, or nonmilitary agencies againstguerrillas.counterinsurgency-Those military, paramilitary,political, economic, psychological, <strong>and</strong> civicactions taken by a government to defeat insurgency.counterintelligence-Information gathered <strong>and</strong>activities conducted to protect against espionage,other intelligence activities, sabotage, orassassinations conducted by or on behalf <strong>of</strong>foreign governments or elements there<strong>of</strong>,foreign organizations, or foreign persons, orinternational terrorist activities. Also calledCI. See also counterespionage; countersabotage;. countersubversion; security; securityintelligence.countermeasures-That form <strong>of</strong> military sciencethat, by the em,loyment <strong>of</strong> devices <strong>and</strong>/ortechniques, has. as·1ts objective the impairment<strong>of</strong> the operationil effectiveness <strong>of</strong> enemyactivity. See also electronic warfare.countermilltary-See counterforce.countermine(*)-To explode the main charge in amine by the shock <strong>of</strong> a nearby explosion <strong>of</strong>another mine or independent explosive charge.The explosion <strong>of</strong> the main charge may becaused either by sympathetic detonation orthrough the explosive train <strong>and</strong>/or firing mechanism<strong>of</strong> the mine.countemdning-1. L<strong>and</strong> mine warfare-Tactics<strong>and</strong> techniques used to detect, avoid, breach,<strong>and</strong>/or neutralize enemy mines <strong>and</strong> the use <strong>of</strong>available resources to deny the enemy theopportunity to employ mines. 2. Naval minewarfare-The detonation <strong>of</strong> mines by nearbyexplosions, either accidental or deliberate.countermove(*)-An operation undertaken inreaction to or in anticipation <strong>of</strong> a move by theenemy. See also counterattack.counter<strong>of</strong>fensive-A large scale <strong>of</strong>fensive undertakenby a defending force to seize the initiativefrom the attacking force. See also counterattack.counterpreparation fire(*)-Intensiveprearrangedfll'e delivered when the imminence <strong>of</strong> theenemy attack is discovered. (<strong>DOD</strong>) It isdesigned to: break up enemy formations;disorganize the enemy's systems <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>,communications, <strong>and</strong> observation; decrease theeffectiveness <strong>of</strong> artillery preparation; <strong>and</strong>impair the enemy's <strong>of</strong>fensive spirit. See als<strong>of</strong>ire.counterreconnaissance-All measures taken toprevent hostile observation <strong>of</strong> a force, area, orplace.countersabotage-That aspect <strong>of</strong> counterintelli- ·gence designed to detect, destroy, neutralize, orprevent sabotage activities through identification,penetration, manipulation, deception, <strong>and</strong>repression <strong>of</strong> individuals, groups, or organizationsconducting or suspected <strong>of</strong> conductingsabotage activities.countersign(*)-A secret challenge <strong>and</strong> its reply.See also cballenge; password; reply.(\I96
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>countersubversion-That aspect <strong>of</strong> counterintelligencedesigned to detect, destroy, neutralize, orprevent subversive activities through the identification,exploitation, penetration, manipulation,deception, <strong>and</strong> repression <strong>of</strong> individuals,groups, or organizations conducting or suspected<strong>of</strong> conducting subversive activities.counterterrorism-Offensive measures taken toprevent, deter, <strong>and</strong> respond to terrorism. Alsocalled CT. See also antiterrorism;· combattingterrorism; terrorism.country cover diagram(*)-A small scale index,by country, depicting the existence <strong>of</strong> airphotography for planning purposes only.coup de main-A <strong>of</strong>fensive operation that capitalizeson surprise <strong>and</strong> simultaneous execution <strong>of</strong>supporting operations to achieve success in oneswift stroke.coupled mode-A flight control state in which anaircraft is controlled through the automaticflight control system by signals from guidanceequipment.Courier-A delayed repeater communicationsatellite which had the capability <strong>of</strong> storing <strong>and</strong>relaying communications using microwavefrequencies. This satellite gave a limiteddemonstration <strong>of</strong> instantaneous microwavecommunications.courier-A messenger (usually a commissioned orwarrant <strong>of</strong>ficer) responsible for the securephysical transmission <strong>and</strong> delivery <strong>of</strong> documents<strong>and</strong> matcmal. Generally referred to as acomm<strong>and</strong> or I sal courier. See also armedforces courier.course(*)-The intended direction <strong>of</strong> movement inthe horizontal plane.course <strong>of</strong> action-1. A plan that would accomplish,or is related to, the accomplishment <strong>of</strong> amtsston. 2. The scheme adopted to accomplisha task or mission. It is a product <strong>of</strong> the<strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution Systemconcept development phase. The supportedcomm<strong>and</strong>er will include a recommended course<strong>of</strong> action in the comm<strong>and</strong>er's estimate. Therecommended course <strong>of</strong> action will include theconcept <strong>of</strong> operations, evaluation <strong>of</strong> supponabilityestimates <strong>of</strong> supporting organizations, <strong>and</strong>an integrated time-phased data base <strong>of</strong> combat,combat support, <strong>and</strong> combat service supponforces <strong>and</strong> sustainment. Refinement <strong>of</strong> thisdata base will be contingent on the time availablefor course <strong>of</strong> action development. Whenapproved, the course <strong>of</strong> action becomes thebasis for the development <strong>of</strong> an operation planor operation order. Also called COA.course <strong>of</strong> action development-The phase <strong>of</strong> the<strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution Systemwithin the crisis action planning process thatprovides for the development <strong>of</strong> military responses<strong>and</strong> includes, within the limits <strong>of</strong> thetime allowed: establishing force <strong>and</strong> sustainmentrequirements with actual units; evaluatingforce, logistic, <strong>and</strong> transportation feasibility;identifying <strong>and</strong> resolving resource shortfalls;recommending resource allocations; <strong>and</strong> producinga course <strong>of</strong> action via a comm<strong>and</strong>er'sestimate that contains a concept <strong>of</strong> operations,employment concept, risk assessments, prioritizedcourses <strong>of</strong> action, <strong>and</strong> supporting databases. See also course <strong>of</strong> action; crisis actionplanning.cover(*)-1. The action by l<strong>and</strong>, air, or sea forcesto protect by <strong>of</strong>fense, defense, or threat <strong>of</strong>either or both. 2. Those measures necessaryto give protection to a person, plan, operation,formation, or installation from the enemyintelligence effort <strong>and</strong> leakage <strong>of</strong> information.3. The act <strong>of</strong> maintaining a continuous receiverwatch with transmitter calibrated <strong>and</strong> available,but not necessarily available for immediateuse. 4. Shelter or protection, either naturalor artificial. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 5. Photographs or97
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>other recorded images which show a paniculararea <strong>of</strong> ground. 6. A code meaning, "Keepfighters between force/base <strong>and</strong> contact designatedat distance stated from force/base" (e.g.,"cover bogey twenty-seven to thirty miles").coverage(*)-1. The ground area represented onimagery, photomaps, mosaics, maps~ <strong>and</strong> othergeographical presentation systems. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 2.Cover or protection, as the coverage <strong>of</strong> troopsby· supponing fire. 3. The extent to. whichintelligence information is available in respectto any specified area <strong>of</strong> interest. 4. Thesummation <strong>of</strong> the geographical areas <strong>and</strong> volumes<strong>of</strong> aerospace under surveillance. See alsocomparative cover.coverage index-One <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> overlaysshowing all photographic reconnaissance missionscov~ring the map sheet to which theoverlays refer. See also covertrace (reconnaissance).covering fu-e(•)-1. Fire used to protect troopswhen they are within range <strong>of</strong> enemy smallarms. 2. In amphibious usage, fire deliveredprior to the l<strong>and</strong>ing to cover preparatory operationssuch as underwater demolition or minesweeping.See also ft.re.covering force(•)-1. A force operating apartfrom the main force for the purpose <strong>of</strong> intercepting,engaging, delaying, disorganizing, <strong>and</strong>deceiving the enemy before he can attack theforce covered. 2. Any body or detachment <strong>of</strong>troops which provides security for a largerforce by observation, reconnaissance, attack, ordefense, or by any:COmbination <strong>of</strong> these methods.See also fo~(s).covering force area-(NATO) The area forward<strong>of</strong> the forward edge <strong>of</strong> the battle area out to theforward positions initially assigned to thecovering forces. It is here that the coveringforces execute assigned tasks.covering troops-See covering force.cover (intelligence)-See cover, Part 6.cover (military)-Actions to conceal actual friendlyintentions, capabilities, operations, <strong>and</strong> otheractivities by providing a plausible, yet erroneous,explanation <strong>of</strong> the observable.cover search(*)-In air photographic reconnaissance,the process <strong>of</strong> selection <strong>of</strong> the mostsuitable existing cover for a specific requirement.covert operation-An operation that is so planned<strong>and</strong> executed as to conceal the identity <strong>of</strong> orpermit plausible denial by the sponsor. Acoven operation differs from a cl<strong>and</strong>estineoperation in that emphasis is placed on concealment<strong>of</strong> identity <strong>of</strong> sponsor rather than onconcealment <strong>of</strong> the operation. See also cl<strong>and</strong>estineoperation;_ overt operation.covertrace(*)-One <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> overlays showingall air reconnaissance sonies covering themap sheet to which the overlays refer.crab angle(*)-The angle between the aircrafttrack or flight line <strong>and</strong> the fore <strong>and</strong> aft axis <strong>of</strong>a venical camera, which is in line with thelongitudinal axis <strong>of</strong> the aircraft.CRAF -See Civil Reserve Air Fleet.crash locator beacon(*)-An automatic emergencyradio locator beacon to help searching forceslocate a crashed aircraft. See also emergencylocator beacon; personal locator beacon.crash position indicator-See crash locatorbeacon.crater-The pit, depression, or cavity formed inthe surface <strong>of</strong> the Earth by an explosion. Itmay range from saucer shaped to conical,depending largely on the depth <strong>of</strong> burst. In the98
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>case <strong>of</strong> a deep underground burst, no rupture<strong>of</strong> the surface may occur. The resulting cavityis termed a camouflet.crater depth-The maximum depth <strong>of</strong> the cratermeasured from the deepest point <strong>of</strong> the pit tothe original ground level.cratering cbarge(*)-A charge placed at an adequatedepth to produce a crater.crater radius-The average radius <strong>of</strong> ~e cratermeasured at the level corresponding to theoriginal surface <strong>of</strong> the ground.CRD-See CINC's required date.creepiDg barrage(*)-A barrage in which the fire<strong>of</strong> all units participating remains in the samerelative position throughout <strong>and</strong> which advanc~es in steps <strong>of</strong> one line at a time.creepillg mine(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a buoyantmine held below the surface by a weight,usually in the form <strong>of</strong> a chain, which is free tocreep along the seabed under the influence <strong>of</strong>stream or current.crest(*)-A terrain feature <strong>of</strong> such altitude that itrestricts fire or observation in an area beyond,resulting in dead space, or limiting the minimumelevation, or both.crested-A repon which indicates that engagement<strong>of</strong> a target or observation <strong>of</strong> an area is notpossible because <strong>of</strong> an obstacle or interveningcrest..•Crisis action pl•natiic-The <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning<strong>and</strong> Execuii6ft System process involvingthe time-sensitifE development <strong>of</strong> joint operationplans <strong>and</strong> orders in response to an imminentcrisis. Crisis action planning followsprescribed crisis action procedures to formulate<strong>and</strong> implement an effective response within thetime frame permitted by the crisis. Also calledCAP. See also deliberate planning; <strong>Joint</strong>Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution System.critical altitude(•)-The altitude beyond which anaircraft or airbreathing guided missile ceases toperform satisfactorily. See also altitude.critical information-Specific facts about friendlyintentions, capabilities, <strong>and</strong> activities vitallyneeded by adversaries for them to plan <strong>and</strong> acteffectively so as to guarantee failure or unacceptableconsequences for friendly missionaccomplishment.critical iDtelligeace-lntelligence which is crucial<strong>and</strong> requires the immediate attention <strong>of</strong> thecomm<strong>and</strong>er. It is required to enable the comm<strong>and</strong>erto make decisions that will provide atimely <strong>and</strong> appropriate response to actions bythe potential/actual enemy. It includes but isnot limited to the following: a. strong indications<strong>of</strong> the imminent outbreak <strong>of</strong> hostilities <strong>of</strong>any type (warning <strong>of</strong> attack); b. aggression <strong>of</strong>any nature against a friendly country; c.indications or use <strong>of</strong> nuclear-biological-chemicalweapons (targets); <strong>and</strong> d. significantevents within potential enemy countries thatmay lead to modification <strong>of</strong> nuclear strikeplans.critical item-An essential item which is in shonsupply or expected to be in sbon supply for anextended period. See also critical suppHes<strong>and</strong> materials; regulated item.critical item list-Prioritized list, compiled fromcomm<strong>and</strong>ers' composite critical item lists,identifying items <strong>and</strong> weapon systems thata.4;sist Services <strong>and</strong> Defense Logistics Agency inselecting systems for production surge planning.critical joint duty assignment billet-A joint dutyassignment position for which, considering theduties <strong>and</strong> responsibilities <strong>of</strong> the position, it ishighly imponant that the assigned <strong>of</strong>ficer be99
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>panicularly trained in, <strong>and</strong> oriented toward,joint matters. Critical billets are· selected byheads <strong>of</strong> joint organizations, approved by theSecretary <strong>of</strong> Defense <strong>and</strong> documented in the<strong>Joint</strong> Duty Assignment List.critical mass-The minimum amount <strong>of</strong> fiSsionablematerial capable <strong>of</strong> supporting a chain reactionunder precisely specified conditions.critical node-An element, position, or communicationsentity whose disruption or destructionimmediately degrades the ability <strong>of</strong> a force tocomm<strong>and</strong>, control, or effectively conductcombat operations. See also target criticaldamage point.critical occupational specialty-A military occupationalspecialty selected from among thecombat anns in the Anny or equivalent militaryspecialties in the Navy, Air Force, or MarineCorps. Equivalent military specialties are thoseengaged in the operational an to attain strategicgoals in a theater <strong>of</strong> conflict through the design,organization, <strong>and</strong> conduct <strong>of</strong> campaigm<strong>and</strong> major operations. Critical occupationalspecialties are designated by the Secretary <strong>of</strong>Defense. Also called COS.critical point-1. A key geographical point orposition important to the success <strong>of</strong> an operation.2. In point <strong>of</strong> time, a crisis or a turningpoint in an operation. 3. A selected pointalong a line <strong>of</strong> march used for reference ingiving instructions. 4. A point where there isa change <strong>of</strong> direction or change in slope in aridge or stream. S. !UtY point along a route <strong>of</strong>march where inte~nce with a troop movementmay occur. ; -- l'pl'pcritical safety item-A pan, assembly, installation,or production system with one or moreessemial characteristics that, if not conformingto the design data or quality requirements,would result in an wisafe condition that couldcause loss or serious damage to the end item ormajor components, loss <strong>of</strong> control, or seriousinjury to personnel. Also called CSI.critical speed(*)-A speed or range <strong>of</strong> speedswhich a ship cannot sustain due to vibration orother similar phenomena.critical suppUes <strong>and</strong> materiel(*)-Those suppliesvital to the support <strong>of</strong> operations, which owingto various causes are in short supply or areexpected to be in short supply. See also criticalitem; regulated item.critical sustainabiBty items-Items described atNational Stock Number level <strong>of</strong> detail, byFederal Supply Class, as part <strong>of</strong> the LogisticFactors File, that significantly affect the comm<strong>and</strong>er'sability to execute an operation plan.critical zone-The area over which a bombingplane engaged in horizontal or glide bombing ·must maintain straight flight so that the bombsight can be operated properly <strong>and</strong> bombsdropped accurately.aide report-see critical intelligence.CRM-see collection requirements J1W181emellt.CI"'SSSJJI-In air intercept, a term meaning, "Passingfrom to "crossina area(*)-A number <strong>of</strong> adjacent crossingsites under the control <strong>of</strong> one comm<strong>and</strong>er.cross-loadlag (persoonel)-A system <strong>of</strong> loadingtroops so that they may be disembarked ordropped at two or more l<strong>and</strong>ing or drop zones,thereby achieving unit integrity upon delivery.See also loadfng.crossover point-That range in rhe air warfarearea at which a wget ceases to be an air interceptwget <strong>and</strong> becomes a surface-C~air missiletarget.100
: • .' ; '~ I<strong>Joint</strong><strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>cross-servicing-That function performed by one<strong>Military</strong> Service in suppon <strong>of</strong> another <strong>Military</strong>Service for which reimbursement is requiredfrom the Service receiving suppon. See alsosenicing.cross teD(*)-The transfer <strong>of</strong> information betweenfacilities at the same operational level. Seealso track telling.cruise missile-Guided missile, the major portion<strong>of</strong> whose flight path to its target is conducted atapproximately constant velocity; depends on thedynamic reaction <strong>of</strong> air for lift <strong>and</strong> upon propulsionforces to balance drag.cruising altitude(*)-A level determined by verticalmeasurement from mean sea level, maintainedduring a flight or portion there<strong>of</strong>.cruising level(*)-A level maintained during asignificant ponion <strong>of</strong> a flight. See also altitude.cryogenic liquid-Liquefied gas at very low temperature,such as liquid oxygen, nitrogen,argon.cryptanalysis-The steps <strong>and</strong> operations performedin convening encrypted messages into plaintext without initial knowledge <strong>of</strong> the key employedin the encryption.cryptochannel-A complete system <strong>of</strong> crypto-communicationsbetween two or more holders.The basic unit for naval cryptographic communication.It includes: a. the cryptographic aidsprescribed; b.~ the holders there<strong>of</strong>; c. theindicators or afher means <strong>of</strong> identification; d.the area or areas in which effective; e. thespecial purpose, if any, for which provided;<strong>and</strong> f. pertinent notes as to distribution, usage,etc. A cryptochannel is analogous to a radiocircuit.cryptographic information-All informationsignificantly descriptive <strong>of</strong> cryptographic techniques<strong>and</strong> processes or <strong>of</strong> cryptographic systems<strong>and</strong> equipment, or their functions <strong>and</strong>capabilities, <strong>and</strong> all cryptomaterial.cryptologic-Of or pertaining to cryptology.cryptology-The science which deals with hidden,disguised, or encrypted communications. Itincludes communications security <strong>and</strong> communicationsintelligence.cryptomateriai-All material, including documents,devices, equipment, <strong>and</strong> apparatus,essential to the encryption, decryption, orauthentication <strong>of</strong> telecommunications. Whenclassified, it is designated CRYPTO <strong>and</strong> subjectto special safeguards.cryptopart(*)-A division <strong>of</strong> a message as prescribedfor security reasons. The operatinginstructions for certain cryptosystems prescribethe number <strong>of</strong> groups which may be encryptedin the systems, using a single message indicator.Cryptoparts are identified in plain language.They are not to be confused withmessage parts.cryptosecurity-See communications security.cryptosystem-The associated items <strong>of</strong> cryptomaterialthat are used as a unit <strong>and</strong> provide asingle means <strong>of</strong> encryption <strong>and</strong> decryption.See also dpher; code; decrypt; encipher;encrypt.CSAR-See combat search <strong>and</strong> rescue.CSI-See critical safety item.CT -see counterterrorism.cultivation-A deliberate <strong>and</strong> calculated associationwith a person for the purpose <strong>of</strong> recruitment.101
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>obtaining information, or gaining control forthese or other purposes.culture(*)-A feature <strong>of</strong> the terrain that has beenconstructed by man. Included are such itemsas roads, buildings, <strong>and</strong> canals; boundary lines,<strong>and</strong>, in a broad sense, all names <strong>and</strong> legends ona map.curb weight-Weight <strong>of</strong> a ground vehicle includingfuel, lubricants, coolant <strong>and</strong> on-vehiclemateriel, excluding cargo <strong>and</strong> operating personnel.Current Force-The force that exists today. TheCurrent Force represents actual force structure<strong>and</strong>/or manning available to meet presentcontingencies. It is the basis for operations <strong>and</strong>contingency plans <strong>and</strong> orders. See also force;Intermediate Force Planning Level; ProgrammedForces.current intelligence-Intelligence <strong>of</strong> all types <strong>and</strong>forms <strong>of</strong> immediate interest which is usuallydisseminated without the delays necessary tocomplete evaluation or interpretation. See alsointelligence; intelligence cyde.cutoiT attack-An attack that provides a directvector from the interceptor's position to anintercept point with the target track.cut-<strong>of</strong>T velocity(*)-The velocity attained by amissile at the point <strong>of</strong> cut<strong>of</strong>f.cutout-An intermediary or device used to obviatedireCt contact between members <strong>of</strong> a cl<strong>and</strong>estineorganization.c:utter(*)-In naval mine warfare, a device fitted to ·a sweep wire to cut or part the moorings <strong>of</strong>mines or obstructors; it may also be fitted inthe mooring <strong>of</strong> a mine or obstructor to part asweep.cutting dlarge(*)-A charge which produces acutting effect in line with its plane <strong>of</strong> symme-~· .CV -See attack aircraft carrier.CVN-see attack aircraft carrier.curve <strong>of</strong> pursuit(*)-The curved path described bya fighter plane making an attack on a movingtarget while holding the proper aiming allowance.cmtody-The responsibility for the control <strong>of</strong>,transfer <strong>and</strong> movement <strong>of</strong>, <strong>and</strong> access to,weapons <strong>and</strong> components. Custody also includesthe maint~ce <strong>of</strong> accountability forweapons <strong>and</strong> cornP.!>nents.·rcustomer ship(*)-The ship in a replenishmentunit that receives the transferred personnel<strong>and</strong>/or supplies.cut-<strong>of</strong>T(*)-The deliberate shutting <strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> a reactionengine.1<strong>02</strong>
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>DDA-See direct action.DADCAP-Dawn <strong>and</strong> dusk combat air patrol.daily intelligence summary-A repon prepared inmessage form at the joint force headquartersthat provides higher, lateral, <strong>and</strong> subordinateheadquarters with a summary <strong>of</strong> all s~gnificantintelligence produced during the previous24-hour period. The "as <strong>of</strong>" time for information,content, <strong>and</strong> submission time for therepon will be as specified by the joint forcecomm<strong>and</strong>er. Also called DISUM.daily movement summary (shipping)-A tabula- ·tion <strong>of</strong> departures <strong>and</strong> arrivals <strong>of</strong> all merchantshipping {including neutrals) arriving or departingports during a 24-hour period.damage-See nuclear damage (l<strong>and</strong> warfare).damage area(*)-ln naval mine warfare, the planarea around a minesweeper inside which a mineexplosion is likely to interrupt operations.damage assessment(*)-I. The determination <strong>of</strong>the effect <strong>of</strong> attacks on targets. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 2. Adetermination <strong>of</strong> the effect <strong>of</strong> a compromise <strong>of</strong>classified information on national security. Seealso civil damage assessment; military damageassessment.damage control(*)-ln naval usage, measuresnecessary aboard ship to preserve <strong>and</strong> reestablishwatenight -integrity, stability, maneuverability,<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>fensive power; to control list <strong>and</strong>trim; to effect rapid repairs <strong>of</strong> materiel; to limitthe spread <strong>of</strong>, <strong>and</strong> provide adequate protectionfrom, fire; to limit the spread <strong>of</strong>, remove thecontamination by, <strong>and</strong> provide adequate protectionfrom, toxic agents; <strong>and</strong> to provide for care<strong>of</strong> wounded personnel. See also area damagecontrol; disaster control.damage criteria-The critical levels <strong>of</strong> variouseffects, such as blast pressure <strong>and</strong> thermalradiation, required to achieve specified levels<strong>of</strong> damage.damage estimation-A preliminary appraisal <strong>of</strong>the potential effects <strong>of</strong> an attack. See alsoattack assessment.damage radius(*)-In naval mine warfare, theaverage distance from a ship within which amine containing a given weight <strong>and</strong> type <strong>of</strong>explosive must detonate if it is to inflict aspecified amount <strong>of</strong> damage.damage threat(*)-The probability that a targetship passing once through a minefield willexplode one or more mines <strong>and</strong> sustain aspecified amount <strong>of</strong> damage.daD-To mark a position or a sea area with danbuoys.dan buoy-A temporary marker buoy used duringminesweeping operations to indicate boundaries<strong>of</strong> swept paths, swept areas, known hazards,<strong>and</strong> other locations or reference points.danger-Information in a call for fire to indicatethat friendly forces are within 600 to 1 ,500meters <strong>of</strong> the target.danger area-l. A specified area above, below,or within which there may be potential danger.(<strong>DOD</strong>, NATO) 2. In air traffic control, anairspace <strong>of</strong> defined dimensions within whichactivities dangerous to the flight <strong>of</strong> aircraft mayexist at specified times. See also closed area;prohibited area; restricted area.danger close(*)-In artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresuppon, information in a call for fire to indi-103
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> !-<strong>02</strong>cate that friendly forces are within 600 meters<strong>of</strong> the targ~t.dangerous cargo(*)-Cargo which, because <strong>of</strong> itsdangerous propenies, is subject to specialregulations for its transpon. See also cargo.dangerously exposed waters(*)-The sea areaadjacent to a severely threatened coastline.danger space-That space between the weapon <strong>and</strong>the target where the trajectory does not rise 1.8meters (the average height <strong>of</strong> a st<strong>and</strong>ing human).This includes the area encompassed bythe beaten zone. See also beaten zone.dan runner(*)-A ship running a line <strong>of</strong> danbuoys.dart-A target towed by a jet aircraft <strong>and</strong> fired atby fighter aircraft. Used for training only.data-Representation <strong>of</strong> facts. concepts, or instructionsin a formalized manner suitable for communication,interpretation. or processing byhumans or by automatic means. Any representationssuch as characters or analog quantitiesto which meaning is or might be assigned.data base-Information that is normally structured<strong>and</strong> indexed for user access <strong>and</strong> review. Databases may exist in the form <strong>of</strong> physical files(folders, documents, etc.) or fonnatted automateddata processing system data files.data block(*)-lnformation presented on air imageryrelevant to -the geographical position,altitude, attitude, ·<strong>and</strong> heading <strong>of</strong> the aircraft<strong>and</strong>, in certain cafts, administrative information<strong>and</strong> information on the sensors employed.data code-A number, letter, character, or anycombination there<strong>of</strong> used to represent a dataelement or data item. For example, the datacodes "E8," "03," <strong>and</strong> "06" might be used torepresent the data items <strong>of</strong> sergeant, captain,104<strong>and</strong> colonel under the data element "militarypersonnel grade. "data element-I. A basic unit <strong>of</strong> information builton st<strong>and</strong>ard structures having a unique meaning<strong>and</strong> distinct units or values. 2. In electronicrecordkeeping, a combination <strong>of</strong> characters orbytes referring to one separate item <strong>of</strong> information,such as name, address, or age.data item-A subunit <strong>of</strong> descriptive information orvalue classified under a data element. Forexample, the data element "military personnelgrade" contains data items such as sergeant,captain, <strong>and</strong> colonel.data link(*)-The means <strong>of</strong> connecting one locationto another for the purpose <strong>of</strong> transmitting<strong>and</strong> receiving data. See also tactical digitalinformation link.data mile-A st<strong>and</strong>ard unit <strong>of</strong> distancedate line-See intemational date line.date-time group-The date <strong>and</strong> time, expressed indigits <strong>and</strong> zone suffiX, the message was preparedfor transmission. (Expressed as sixdigits followed by the zone suffix; first pair <strong>of</strong>digits denotes the date, second pair the hours,third pair the minutes.)datum(*)-Any numerical or geometrical quantityor set <strong>of</strong> such quantities which may serve asreference or base for other quantities. Wherethe concept is geometric, the plural form is"datums" in contrast to the normal plural"data."datum (antisubmarine warfare)-A datum is thelast known position <strong>of</strong> a submarine, or suspectedsubmarine, after contact has been lost.datum dan buoy(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a danbuoy intended as . a geographic reference orr-\I~
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>J!"check, which needs to be more visible <strong>and</strong>more securely moored than a normal dan buoy.datum error (antisubmarine warfare)-An estimate<strong>of</strong> the degree <strong>of</strong> accuracy in the reponedposition <strong>of</strong> datum.datum (geodetic)-A reference surface consisting<strong>of</strong> five quantities: the latitude <strong>and</strong> longitude <strong>of</strong>an initial point, the azimuth <strong>of</strong> a line from thatpoint, <strong>and</strong> the parameters <strong>of</strong> the r-eferenceellipsoid.datum levei(*)-A surface to which elevations,heights, or depths on a map or chart are related.See also altitude.datum Point(*)-Any reference point <strong>of</strong> known orassumed coordinates from which calculation ormeasurements may be taken. See also pinpoint.datum time (antisubmarine warfare)-The datumtime is the time when contact with the submarine,or suspected submarine, was lost.day air defense fighter(*)-A fighter aircraft withequipment <strong>and</strong> weapons which enable it toengage airborne targets, but in clear weatherconditions <strong>and</strong> by day only. See also fighter.day <strong>of</strong> supply-See one day's supply.dazzle-Temporary loss <strong>of</strong> vision or a temporaryreduction in visual acuity. See also flashblindness.DD-See destroyer.D-day-See times.D-day consumption/production differentialassets-As applied to the D-to-P concept, these. assets are required ·to compensate for the inability<strong>of</strong> the production base to meet expenditure(consumption) requirements during the D-to-Pperiod. See also D-to-P concept.D-day materiel readiness gross capability-Asapplied to the D-to-P concept, this capabilityrepresents the sum <strong>of</strong> all assets on h<strong>and</strong> onD-day <strong>and</strong> the gross production capability(funded <strong>and</strong> unfunded) between D-day <strong>and</strong>P-day. When this capability equals the D-to-PMateriel Readiness Gross Requirement, requirements<strong>and</strong> capabilities are in balance. Seealso D-to-P concept.D-day pipeline assets-As applied to the D-to-Pconcept, these assets represent the sum <strong>of</strong>CONUS <strong>and</strong> overseas operating <strong>and</strong> safetylevels <strong>and</strong> intransit levels <strong>of</strong> supply. See alsoD-to-P concept.DDG-See guided missile destroyer.DD8-See dry deck shelter.DE-See directed energy.deadline-To remove a vehicle or piece <strong>of</strong> equipmentfrom operation or use for one <strong>of</strong> thefollowing reasons: a. is inoperative due todamage, malfunctioning, or necessary repairs.The tenn does not include items temporarilyremoved from use by reason <strong>of</strong> routine maintenance,<strong>and</strong> repairs that do not affect the combatcapability <strong>of</strong> the item; b. is unsafe; <strong>and</strong> c.would be damaged by further use.dead mine(*)-A mine which has been neutralized,sterilized or rendered safe. See also mine.dead space(*)-1. An area within the maximumrange <strong>of</strong> a weapon, radar, or observer, whichcannot be covered by fire or observation froma particular position because <strong>of</strong> interveningobstacles, the nature <strong>of</strong> the ground, or thecharacteristics <strong>of</strong> the trajectory, or the limitations<strong>of</strong> the pointing capabilities <strong>of</strong> the weapons.2. An area or zone which is within range105
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong><strong>of</strong> a radio transmitter, but in which a signal isnot received. 3. The volume <strong>of</strong> space above<strong>and</strong> around a gun or guided missile system intowhich it cannot frre because <strong>of</strong> mechanical orelectronic limitations.dead zone-See dead space.debarkation-The unloading <strong>of</strong> troops, equipment,or supplies from a ship or aircraft.debarkation net-A specially prepared type <strong>of</strong>cargo net employed for the debarkation <strong>of</strong>troops over the side <strong>of</strong> a ship.debarkation schedule(*)-A schedule whichprovides for the timely <strong>and</strong> orderly debarkation<strong>of</strong> troops <strong>and</strong> equipment <strong>and</strong> emergency suppliesfor the waterborne ship-to-shore movement.Decca(*)-A radio phase-comparison system whichuses a master <strong>and</strong> slave stations to establish ahyperbolic lattice <strong>and</strong> provide accurate groundposition-fixing facilities.deceased-A casualty status applicable to a personwho is either known to have died, determinedto have died on the basis <strong>of</strong> conclusive evidence,or declared to be dead on the basis <strong>of</strong> apresumptive finding <strong>of</strong> death. The recovery <strong>of</strong>remains is not a prerequisite to detennining ordeclaring a person deceased. See also casualtystatus.decentralized control(*)-ln air defense, thenormal mode whereby a higher echelon monitorsunit actions, making direct target assignmentsto units only when necessary to ensureproper fire distribution 6r to prevent engagement<strong>of</strong> friendly aircraft. See also centralizedcontrol.decentralized items-Those items <strong>of</strong> supply forwhich appropriate authority has prescribedlocal management <strong>and</strong> procurement.deception(*)-Those measures designed to misleadthe enemy by manipulation, distortion, orfalsification <strong>of</strong> evidence to induce him to reactin a manner prejudicial to his interests. Seealso counterdeception; military deception.deception meam-Methods, resources, <strong>and</strong> techniques.that can be used to convey infonnationto a foreign power. There are three categories<strong>of</strong> deception means: a. physical means-Activities<strong>and</strong> resources used to convey or denyselected information to a foreign power.(Examples: military operations, includingexercises, reconnaissance, training activities,<strong>and</strong> movement <strong>of</strong> forces; the use <strong>of</strong> dummyequipment <strong>and</strong> devices; tactics; bases, logisticactions, stockpiles, <strong>and</strong> repair activity; <strong>and</strong> test<strong>and</strong> evaluation activities.) b. technicalmeans-<strong>Military</strong> materiel resources <strong>and</strong> theirassociated operating techniques used to conveyor deny selected information to a foreign powerthrough the deliberate radiation, reradiation,alteration, absorption, or reflection <strong>of</strong> energy;the emission or suppression <strong>of</strong> chemical orbiological odors; <strong>and</strong> the emission or suppression<strong>of</strong> nuclear particles. c. administrativemeaDS-Resources, methods, <strong>and</strong> techniquesdesigned to convey or deny oral, pictorial,documentary, or other physical evidence to aforeign power.decision-In an estimate <strong>of</strong> the situation, a clear<strong>and</strong> concise statement <strong>of</strong> the line <strong>of</strong> actionintended to be followed by the comm<strong>and</strong>er asthe one most favorable to the successful accomplishment<strong>of</strong> the mission.decision altitude(*)-An altitude related to thehighest elevation in the touchdown zone, specifiedfor a glide slope approach, at which amissed-approach procedure must be initiated ifthe required visual reference has not beenestablished. See also decision height.decision height(*)-A height above the highestelevation in the touchdown zone, specified for(\106
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>,'a glide slope approach, at which a missed-approachprocedure must be initiated if the requiredvisual reference has not been established.See also decision altitude.decisive engagement-In l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> naval warfare,an engagement in which a unit is consideredfully committed <strong>and</strong> cannot maneuver or extricateitself. In the absence <strong>of</strong> outside assistance,the action must be fought to a conclusion <strong>and</strong>either won or lost with the forces at haRd.deck alert-See ground alert.declared speed(*)-The continuous speed which amaster declares his ship can maintain on aforthcoming voyage under moderate weatherconditions having due regard to her presentcondition.declassification-The determination that in theinterests <strong>of</strong> national security, classified informationno longer requires any degree <strong>of</strong> protectionagainst unauthorized disclosure, coupledwith removal or cancellation <strong>of</strong> the classificationdesignation.declassify(*)-To cancel the security classification<strong>of</strong> an item <strong>of</strong> classified matter. See also dowagrade.declination(*)-The angular distance to a body onthe celestial sphere measured north or souththrough 90 degrees from the celestial equatoralong the hour circle <strong>of</strong> the body. Comparableto latitude on the terrestrial sphere. See alsomagnetic dtdination; magnetic variation.decompression ctuq.ber-see hypobaric chamber.r •decompression sickness-A syndrome, includingbends, chokes, neurological disturbances, <strong>and</strong>collapse, resulting from exposure to reducedambient pressure <strong>and</strong> caused by gas bubbles inthe tissues, fluids, <strong>and</strong> blood vessels.decontamination(*)-The process <strong>of</strong> making anyperson, object, or area safe by absorbing,destroying, neutralizing, making harmless, orremoving, chemical or biological agents, or byremoving radioactive material clinging to oraround it.decontamination station(*)-A building or locatio.nsuitably equipped <strong>and</strong> organized wherepersonnel <strong>and</strong> materiel are cleansed <strong>of</strong> chemical,biological or radiological contaminants.decoy(*)-An imitation in any sense <strong>of</strong> a person,object, or phenomenon which is intended todeceive enemy surveillance devices or misleadenemy evaluation. Also called dmnmy.decoy ship(*)-A ship camouflaged as a noncombatantship with its armament <strong>and</strong> other fightingequipment hidden <strong>and</strong> with special provisionsfor unmasking its weapons quickly. Alsocalled Q-sbip.dec:rypt-To convert encrypted text into its equivalentplain text by means <strong>of</strong> a cryptosystem.(This does not include solution by cryptanalysis.)Note: The term decrypt covers the meanings<strong>of</strong> decipher <strong>and</strong> decode. See also cryptosystem.deep fonlillg-The ability <strong>of</strong> a self-propelled gunor ground vehicle equipped with built-in waterpro<strong>of</strong>mg<strong>and</strong>/or a special waterpro<strong>of</strong>mg kit, tonegotiate a water obstacle with its wheels ortracks in contact with the ground. See alsonotation; shallow fording.deep fonlillg capability(*)-The characteristic <strong>of</strong>self-propelled gun or ground vehicle equippedwith built-in waterpro<strong>of</strong>ing <strong>and</strong>/or a specialwaterpro<strong>of</strong>ing kit, to negotiate a water obstaclewith its wheels or tracks in contact with theground. See also sballow fording capability.1070
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>deep minefield(*)-An antisubmarine minefieldwhich is safe for surface ships to cross. Seealso minefield.deep supporting ru-e(*)-Fire directed on objectivesnot in the immediate vicinity <strong>of</strong> ourforces, for neutralizing <strong>and</strong> destroying enemyreserves <strong>and</strong> weapons, <strong>and</strong> interfering withenemy comm<strong>and</strong>, supply, communications, <strong>and</strong>observations. See also dose supporting rtre;direct supporting ftre; supporting fire •.de facto boundary(*)-An international or administrativeboundary whose existence <strong>and</strong> legalityis not recognized, but which is a practicaldivision between separate national <strong>and</strong> provincialadministering authorities.DEFCON-See defeuse readiness conditious.defector-National <strong>of</strong> a country who has escapedfrom the control <strong>of</strong> such country or who, beingoutside such jurisdiction <strong>and</strong> control, is unwillingto return thereto <strong>and</strong> is <strong>of</strong> special value toanother country.defense area(*)-For any panicular comm<strong>and</strong>, thearea extending from the forward edge <strong>of</strong> thebattle area to its rear boundary. It is here thatthe decisive defensive battle is fought.defense classification-See security classification.defense emergency-An emergency condition thatexists when: a. a major attack is made uponUS forces overseas, or on allied forces in anytheater <strong>and</strong> is confirmed by either the comm<strong>and</strong>er<strong>of</strong> a comm<strong>and</strong> established by the Secretary<strong>of</strong> Defense or~higher authority; or b. anovert attack <strong>of</strong> t.rfY type is made upon theUnited States <strong>and</strong> is confirmed either by thecomm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> a comm<strong>and</strong> established by theSecretary <strong>of</strong> Defense or higher authority.defense in depth(*)-The siting <strong>of</strong> mutually supportingdefense positions designed to absorb<strong>and</strong> progressively weaken attack, prevent initialobservations <strong>of</strong> the whole position by theenemy, <strong>and</strong> to allow the comm<strong>and</strong>er to maneu- .ver his reserve.defense intelligence production-The integration,evaluation, analysis, <strong>and</strong> interpretation <strong>of</strong>infonnation from single or multiple sourcesinto fmished intelligence for known or anticipatedmilitary <strong>and</strong> related national securityconsumer requirements.Defense Planning Guidance-This document,issued by the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense, providesfinn guidance in the form <strong>of</strong> goals, priorities,<strong>and</strong> objectives, including fiscal constraints, forthe development <strong>of</strong> the Program ObjectiveMemor<strong>and</strong>ums by the <strong>Military</strong> Depamnents<strong>and</strong> Defense agencies. Also called DPG.defeuse readiness conditions-A uniform system<strong>of</strong> progressive alert postures for use between:the Chainnan <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff <strong>and</strong>the comm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>of</strong> unified <strong>and</strong> specified comm<strong>and</strong>s<strong>and</strong> for use by the Services. Defensereadiness conditions are graduated to matchsituations <strong>of</strong> varying military severity (status <strong>of</strong>alert). Defense readiness conditions are identifiedby the short title DEFCON (5), (4), (3),(2), <strong>and</strong> (1), as appropriate. Also called DEFCON.Defeme Switched Network-The worldwideinterbase telecommunications system thatprovides end-to-end, conunon-user, <strong>and</strong> dedi·cated voice service for the Depanmenr <strong>of</strong>Defense with the capability <strong>of</strong> incorporatingdata <strong>and</strong> other traffic. It is composed <strong>of</strong> severalsubsystems, to include: the Automatic VoiceNetwork; Oahu Telephone System; DefenseCommercial Teleconununications Network. etc.It replaced the Automatic Voice Network as theprincipal long-haul, nonsecure voice communicationsnetwork within the Defense CommunicationsSystem. Also called DSN. See alsoAutomatic Voice Network.108
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>e')defensive coastal area(*)-A part <strong>of</strong> a coastal area<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> the air, l<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> water area adjacent tothe coastline within which defense operationsmay involve l<strong>and</strong>, sea, <strong>and</strong> air forces.defensive minefield(*)-1. In naval mine warfare,a minefield laid in international waters orinternational straits with the declared intention<strong>of</strong> controlling shipping in defense <strong>of</strong> sea communications.(<strong>DOD</strong>) 2. In l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare,a minefield laid in accordance with anestablished plan to prevent a penetration betweenpositions <strong>and</strong> to strengthen the defense <strong>of</strong>the positions themselves. See also minefield.defensive sea area-A sea area. usually includingthe approaches to <strong>and</strong> the waters <strong>of</strong> importantpons. harbors. bays. or sounds. for the control<strong>and</strong> protection <strong>of</strong> shipping; for the safeguarding<strong>of</strong> defense installations bordering on waters <strong>of</strong>the areas; <strong>and</strong> for provision <strong>of</strong> other securitymeasures required within the specified areas.It does not extend seaward beyond the territorialwaters. See also maritime control area.defensive zone-A belt <strong>of</strong> terrain. generally parallelto the front, which includes· two or moreorganized, or partially organized, battle positions.def"llade(*)-1. Protection from hostile observation<strong>and</strong> fire provided by an obstacle such as ahill, ridge, or bank. 2. A venical distance bywhich a position is concealed from enemyobservation. 3. To shield from enemy fire orobservation by using natural or anificial obstacles.defoUant operation~,:. The employment <strong>of</strong> defoliatingagents on ~{getated areas in suppon <strong>of</strong>military operations.defoliating agent(*)-A chemical which causestrees, shrubs, <strong>and</strong> other plants to shed theirleaves Prematurely.degaussing-The process whereby a ship's magneticfield is reduced by the use <strong>of</strong> electromagneticcoils, permanent magnets, or other means.degree <strong>of</strong> risk-As specified by the comm<strong>and</strong>er.the risk to which friendly forces may be subjectedfrom the effects <strong>of</strong> the detonation <strong>of</strong> anuclear weapon used in the attack <strong>of</strong> a close-inen~my target; acceptable degrees <strong>of</strong> risk underdiffering tactical conditions are emergency,moderate, <strong>and</strong> negligible. See also emergencyrisk (nuclear); moderate risk (nuclear);negligible risk (nuclear).de jure boundary(*)-An international or administrativeboundary whose existence <strong>and</strong> legality isrecognized.delay-A repon from the firing ship to the observeror the spotter to inform that the ship will beunable to provide the requested fire immediately.It will normally be followed by the esti~t.ied duration <strong>of</strong> the delay.delaying action-see delaying operation.delaying operation(*)-An operation in which aforce under pressure trades space for time byslowing down the enemy's momentum <strong>and</strong>inflicting maximum damage on the enemywithout, in principle, becoming decisivelyengaged.delay release siDker(*)-A sinker which holds amoored mine on the sea-bed for a pre-determinedtime after laying.delegation <strong>of</strong> authority(*)-The action by whicha comm<strong>and</strong>er assigns pan <strong>of</strong> his pr her authoritycommensurate with the assigned task to asubordinate conun<strong>and</strong>er. While ultimate responsibilitycannot be relinquished, delegation<strong>of</strong> authority carries with it the imposition <strong>of</strong> ameasure <strong>of</strong> responsibility. The extent <strong>of</strong> theauthority delegated must be clearly stated.'109
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>deliberate attack(*)-A type <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fensive actioncharacterized by preplanned coordinated employment<strong>of</strong> firepower <strong>and</strong> maneuver to closewith <strong>and</strong> destroy or capture the enemy.deliberate breaching(*)-The creation <strong>of</strong> a lanethrough a minefield or a clear route through abarrier or fonification, which is systematicallyplanned <strong>and</strong> carried out.deliberate crossing(*)-A crossing <strong>of</strong> an inl<strong>and</strong>water obstacle that requires extensive planning<strong>and</strong> detailed preparations. See also hastycrossing.deliberate defeuse(*)-A defense nonnally organizedwhen out <strong>of</strong> contact with the enemy orwhen contact with the enemy is not imminent<strong>and</strong> time for organization is available. Itnonnally includes an extensive fonified zoneincorporating pillboxes, fons, <strong>and</strong> communicationssystems. See also hasty defeme.deliberate planning-The <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning<strong>and</strong> Execution System process involving thedevelopment <strong>of</strong> joint operation plans for contingenciesidentified in joint strategic planningdocuments. Conducted principally in peacetime,deliberate planning is accomplished inprescribed cycles that complement other Depanment<strong>of</strong> Defense planning cycles <strong>and</strong> inaccordance with the fonnally established <strong>Joint</strong> ·Strategic Planning System. See also crisisaction planning; <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning<strong>and</strong> Execution System.delivering ship(*)-The. ship in a replenishmentunit that delivers the .,:tig(s).delivery error(*)-Th~~cy associated witha given weapon system resulting in a dispersion<strong>of</strong> shots about the aiming point. See alsocircular error probable; deviation; dispersion;dispersion error; horizontal error.delivery forecasts-1. Periodic estimates <strong>of</strong>contract production deliveries used as a measure<strong>of</strong> the effectiveness <strong>of</strong> production <strong>and</strong>supply availability scheduling <strong>and</strong> as a guide tocorrective actions to resolve procurement orproduction bottlenecks. 2. Estimates <strong>of</strong> deliveriesunder obligation against procurementfrom appropriated or other funds.delivery· requirements-The stipulation whichrequires that an item <strong>of</strong> material must be deliveredin the total quantity required by the daterequired <strong>and</strong>, when appropriate, overpacked asrequired.demiUtarized zone(*)-A defmed area in whichthe swioning, or concentrating <strong>of</strong> militaryforces, or the retention or establishment <strong>of</strong>military installations <strong>of</strong> any description, isprohibited.demoUtion(*)-The destruction <strong>of</strong> structures, !tfacilities, or material by use <strong>of</strong> fire, water,explosives, mechanical, or other means.demoUtlon belt-A selected l<strong>and</strong> area sown withexplosive charges, mines, <strong>and</strong> other availableobstacles to deny use <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong> to enemyoperations, <strong>and</strong> as a protection to friendlytroops. a. Primary. A continuous series <strong>of</strong>obstacles across the whole front, selected bythe division or higher conun<strong>and</strong>er. The preparation<strong>of</strong> such a belt is nonnally a priorityengineer task. b. Subsidiary. A supplementto the primary belt to give depth in front orbehind or to protect the flanks.demoUtion cbamber(*)-Space intentionally.provided in a structure for the emplacement <strong>of</strong>explosive charges.demoUtion ruing party(*)-The partY at the sitewhich is technically responsible for the demolition.See also demoUtioa ,...,.,.110
•:.·,' ....'I"·:::;:·•' . . <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>demolition guard(*)-A local force positioned toensure that a _target is not captured by an enemybefore orders are given for its demolition<strong>and</strong> before the demolition has been successfullyfired. The comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> the demolition guardis responsible for the tactical control <strong>of</strong> alltroops at the demolition site, including thedemolition firing pany. The comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> thedemolition guard is responsible for transmittingthe order to fire to the demolition firing pany.demolition kit(*)-The demolition tool kit completewith explosives. See also demolition toolkit.demolition target(*)-A target <strong>of</strong> known militaryinterest identified for possible future demolition.·See also charged demolition target;rese"ed demolition target; uncharged demolitiontarget.demolition tool kit(*)-The tools, materials <strong>and</strong>accessories <strong>of</strong> a nonexplosive nature necessaryfor preparing demolition charges. See alsodemolition kit.demonstration(*)-An attack or show <strong>of</strong> force ona front where a decision is not sought, madewith the aim <strong>of</strong> deceiving the enemy. See alsoamphibious demonstration; diversion; diversionaryattack.denial measure(*)-An action to hinder or denythe enemy the use <strong>of</strong> space, personnel, orfacilities. It may include destruction, removal,contamination, or erection <strong>of</strong> obstructions.denied area-An area under enemy or unfriendlycontrol in whictt friendly forces cannot expectto operate successfully within existing operationalconstraints <strong>and</strong> force capabilities.density(*)-The average number <strong>of</strong> mines permeter <strong>of</strong> minefield front.density altitude(*)-An atmospheric density expressedin terms <strong>of</strong> the altitude which correspondswith that density in the st<strong>and</strong>ard atmosphere.departmental intelligence-Intelligence that anydepartment or agency <strong>of</strong> the Federal Governmentrequires to execute its own mission.Department <strong>of</strong> Defense Intelligence InformationSystem-The aggregation <strong>of</strong> <strong>DOD</strong> personnel,procedures, equipment, computer programs,<strong>and</strong> supponing communications that suppon thetimely <strong>and</strong> comprehensive preparation <strong>and</strong>presentation <strong>of</strong> intelligence <strong>and</strong> intelligenceinformation to military comm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> national-leveldecisionmakers. Also called <strong>DOD</strong>IIS.Department <strong>of</strong> the Air Force-The executive pan<strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> the Air Force at the seat<strong>of</strong> government <strong>and</strong> all field headquarters,forces, reserve components, installatidns,activities, <strong>and</strong> functions under the control orsupervision <strong>of</strong> the Secretary <strong>of</strong> the Air Force.See also <strong>Military</strong> Department.Department <strong>of</strong> the Army-The executive pan <strong>of</strong>the Department <strong>of</strong> the Army at the seat <strong>of</strong>government <strong>and</strong> all field headquaners, forces,reserve components, installations, activities,<strong>and</strong> functions under the control or supervision<strong>of</strong> the Secretary <strong>of</strong> the Army. See also <strong>Military</strong>Department.Department <strong>of</strong> the Navy-The executive part <strong>of</strong>the Depanment <strong>of</strong> the Navy at th~ seat <strong>of</strong>government; the headquaners, US MarineCorps; the entire operating forces <strong>of</strong> the UnitedStates Navy, including naval aviation, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>the US Marine Corps, including the reservecomponents <strong>of</strong> such forces; all field activities,headquaners, forces, bases, installations,activities, <strong>and</strong> functions under the control orsupervision <strong>of</strong> the Secretary <strong>of</strong> the Navy; <strong>and</strong>the US Coast Guard when operating as a pan111
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong><strong>of</strong> the Navy pursuant to law. See also <strong>Military</strong>Department.departure airfield-An airfield on which troops<strong>and</strong>/or materiel are enplaned for flight. Seealso airfield.departure end(*)-That end <strong>of</strong> a runway nearestto the direction in which initial departure ismade.departure point(*)-1. A navigational checkpoint used by aircraft as a marker for settingcourse. 2. In amphibious operations, an aircontrol point at the seaward end <strong>of</strong> the helicopterapproach lane system from which helicopterwaves ·are dispatched along the selected helicopterapproach lane to the initial point.deployability · posture-The state or stage <strong>of</strong> aunit's preparedness for deployment to participatein a military operation, defined in fivelevels as follows: a. normal deployabilityposture. The unit is conducting normal activities.Comm<strong>and</strong>ers are monitoring the situationin any area <strong>of</strong> tension <strong>and</strong> reviewing plans. Novisible oven actions are being taken to increasedeployability posture. Units not at homestation report their scheduled closure time athome station or the time required to return tohome station if ordered to return before scheduledtime <strong>and</strong> desired mode <strong>of</strong> transportationare available. b. increased deployabilityposture. The unit is relieved from commitmentsnot pertaining to the mission. Personnelare recalled from training areas, pass, <strong>and</strong>leave, as require4, to meet the deploymentschedule. Preparation for deployment <strong>of</strong>equipment <strong>and</strong> supplies ' is initiated. Pre-deploymentpersonnel actions· are completed.Essential equipment <strong>and</strong> supplies located atcontinental United States (CONUS) or overseasinstallations are identified. c. advanced deployabilityposture. All essential personnel,mobility equipment, <strong>and</strong> accompanying suppliesare checked, packed, rigged for deployment,112<strong>and</strong> positioned with deploying unit. The unitremains at home station. Movement requirementsare confirmed. Airlift, sealift, <strong>and</strong>intra-CONUS transportation resources areidentified, <strong>and</strong> initial movement schedules arecompleted by the Transportation ComponentComm<strong>and</strong>s. d. marshaled deployability posture.The first increment <strong>of</strong> deploying personnel,mobility equipment, <strong>and</strong> accompanyingsupplies is marshaled at designated pons <strong>of</strong>embarkation but not loaded. Sufficient aircraftor sealift assets are positioned at, or en routeto, the port <strong>of</strong> embarkation, either to load thefirst increment or to sustain a flow, as requiredby the plan or directive being considered forexecution. Supporting airlift control elements(ALCEs), stage crews (if required), <strong>and</strong> supportpersonnel adequate to sustain the airliftflow at onload, en route, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>fload locationswill be positioned, as required. e. loadeddeployability posture. All first incremenfequipment <strong>and</strong> accompanying supplies areloaded aboard ships <strong>and</strong> prepared for departureto the designated objective area. Personnel areprepared for loading on minimum notice.Follow-on increments <strong>of</strong> cargo <strong>and</strong> personnelare en route or available to meet projected shiploading schedules. Sufficient airlift is positioned<strong>and</strong> loaded at the port <strong>of</strong> embarkation tomove the first increment or to initiate <strong>and</strong>sustain a flow, as required by the plan ordirective being considered for execution.Supporting ALCEs, stage aircrews (if required),<strong>and</strong> support personnel adequate tosustain the airlift flow at onload, en route, <strong>and</strong><strong>of</strong>fload locations are positioned, as required.deployed nuclear weapons-1. When used inconnection with the transfer <strong>of</strong> weapons betweenthe Department <strong>of</strong> Energy <strong>and</strong> the Department<strong>of</strong> Defense, this term describes thoseweapons transferred to <strong>and</strong> in the custody <strong>of</strong>the Department <strong>of</strong> Defense. 2. Those nuclearweapons specifically authorized by the <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff to be transferred to the custody1\'I,/\I
·-·,-.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong><strong>of</strong> the storage facilities, carrying or deliveryunits <strong>of</strong> the armed forces.deployment-1. In naval usage, the change froma cruising approach or contact disposition to adisposition for battle. 2. The movement <strong>of</strong>forces within areas <strong>of</strong> operation. 3. Thepositioning <strong>of</strong> forces into a formation forbattle. 4. The relocation <strong>of</strong> forces <strong>and</strong> materielto desired areas <strong>of</strong> operations. Deploymentencompasses all activities from origin orhome station through destination, specificallyincluding intra-continental United States, intertheater,<strong>and</strong> intratheater movement legs, staging,<strong>and</strong> holding areas.deployment data base-The JOPES (<strong>Joint</strong> OperationPlanning <strong>and</strong> Execution System) data basecontaining the necessary information on forces,materiel, <strong>and</strong> filler <strong>and</strong> replacement personnelmovement requirements to support execution.The data base reflects information contained inthe refined time-phased force <strong>and</strong> deploymentdata from the deliberate planning process ordeveloped during the various phases <strong>of</strong> thecrisis action planning process, <strong>and</strong> the movementschedules or tables developed by thetransportation component comm<strong>and</strong>s to supportthe deployment <strong>of</strong> required forces, personnel,<strong>and</strong> materiel. See also time-phased force <strong>and</strong>deployment data.deployment diagram-In the assault phase <strong>of</strong> anamphibious operation, a diagram showing theformation in which the boat group proceedsfrom the rendezvous area to the line <strong>of</strong> departure<strong>and</strong> the method <strong>of</strong> deployment into thel<strong>and</strong>ing formatiori ·deployment planning-Encompasses all activitiesfrom origin or home station through destination,specifically including intra-continentalUnited States, intertheater, <strong>and</strong> intratheatermovement legs, staging areas, <strong>and</strong> holdingareas.deployment preparation order-An order issuedby competent authority to move forces orprepare forces for movement (e.g., increasedeployability posture <strong>of</strong> units).depot-1. supply-An activity for the receipt,classification, storage, accounting, issue, maintenance,procurement, manufacture, assembly,research, salvage, or disposal <strong>of</strong> material. 2.personnel-An activity for the reception, processing,training, assignment, <strong>and</strong> forwarding<strong>of</strong> personnel replacements.depot maintenance-That maintenance performedon materiel requiring ·major overhaul or acomplete rebuild <strong>of</strong> parts, assemblies, subassemblies,<strong>and</strong> end-items, including the manufacture<strong>of</strong> parts, modifications, testing, <strong>and</strong>reclamation as required. Depot maintenanceserves to support lower categories <strong>of</strong> maintenanceby providing technical assistance <strong>and</strong>performing that maintenance beyond th~irresponsibility. Depot maintenance providesstocks <strong>of</strong> serviceable equipment by using moreextensive facilities for repair than are availablein lower level maintenance activities.depression angle-See angle <strong>of</strong> depression.depth(*)-In maritime/hydrographic use, thevertical distance from the plane <strong>of</strong> the hydrographicdatum to the bed <strong>of</strong> the sea, lake, orriver.depth contour(*)-A line connecting points <strong>of</strong>equal depth below the hydrographic datum.Also called bathymetric contour or depthcurve.depth curve-See depth contour.description <strong>of</strong> target(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> navalgunfire support, an element in the call for firein which the observer or spotter describes theinstallation, personnel, equipment, or activityto be taken under fire.113
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>descriptive name(*)-Written indication on maps<strong>and</strong> charts, used to specify the nature <strong>of</strong> afeature (natural or artificial) shown by a generalsymbol.desired appreciation-See appreciations.desired effects-The damage or casualties to theenemy or material which a comm<strong>and</strong>er desiresto achieve from a nuclear weapon det~nation.Damage effects on material are classified aslight, moderate, or severe. Casualty effects onpersonnel may be immediate, prompt, ordelayed.desired ground zero(*)-The point on the surface<strong>of</strong> the Earth at, or vertically below or above,the center <strong>of</strong> a planned nuclear detonation. ·Also called DGZ. See also actual groundzero; ground zero.despatch route-See dispatch route.destroy (beam)-ln air intercept, a code meaning,"The interceptor will be vectored to a st<strong>and</strong>ardbeam attack for interception <strong>and</strong> destruction <strong>of</strong>the target."destroy (cut<strong>of</strong>i)-In ail intercept, a code meaning,"Intercept <strong>and</strong> destroy. Comm<strong>and</strong> vectors willproduce a cut<strong>of</strong>f attack. "destroyed-A condition <strong>of</strong> a target so damagedthat it cannot function as intended nor berestored to a usable condition. In the case <strong>of</strong> abuilding, all vertical supports <strong>and</strong> spanningmembers are damaged . to such an extent thatnothing is salvageable. In the case <strong>of</strong> bridges,all spans must have dropped <strong>and</strong> all piers mustrequire replacement.destroyer-A high-speed warship designed tooperate <strong>of</strong>fensively with strike forces, withhunter-killer groups, <strong>and</strong> in support <strong>of</strong> amphibiousassault operations. Destroyers also operatedefensively to screen support forces <strong>and</strong> con-voys against submanne, air, <strong>and</strong> surfacethreats. Normal annament consists <strong>of</strong> 3-inch<strong>and</strong> 5-inch dual-purpose guns <strong>and</strong> variousantisubmarine warfare weapons. Designated asDD.destroy (frontal)-ln air intercept, a conun<strong>and</strong>meaning, "The interceptor will be vectored toa st<strong>and</strong>ard frontal attack for interception <strong>and</strong>destruction <strong>of</strong> the target. "destroy (stem)-ln air intercept a conun<strong>and</strong> meaning,"The interceptor will be vectored to ast<strong>and</strong>ard stem attack for interception <strong>and</strong> destruction<strong>of</strong> the target."destnlction-A type <strong>of</strong> adjustment for destroyinga given target.destruction area-An area in which it is plannedto destroy or defeat the enemy airborne threat.The area may be further subdivided into airintercept, missile (long-, medium-, <strong>and</strong> short- ~range), or antiaircraft gun zones.1\destnlc:tion fire-Fire delivered for the sole purpose<strong>of</strong> destroying material objects. See als<strong>of</strong>ire.destnlction fire mission(*)-In artillery, firedelivered for the purpose <strong>of</strong> destroying a pointtarget. See also r:are.destruction radius(*)-ln mine warfare, the maximumdistance from an exploding charge <strong>of</strong>stated size <strong>and</strong> type at which a mine will bedestroyed by sympathetic detonation <strong>of</strong> themain charge, with a stated probability <strong>of</strong> destruction,regardless <strong>of</strong> orientation.detachment(*)-1. A part <strong>of</strong> a unit separatedfrom its main organization for duty elsewhere.2. A temporary military or naval unit fonnedfrom other units or parts <strong>of</strong> units.114
-~detailed photographic report(*)-A comprehensive,analytical, intelligence repon written as aresult <strong>of</strong> the interpretation <strong>of</strong> photographyusually covering a single subject, a target,target complex, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> a detailed nature.detained-See missing.detainee-A term used to refer to any personcaptured or otherwise detained by an armedforce.detainee collecting point-A facility or otherlocation where detainees are assembled forsubsequent movement to a detainee processingstation.detainee processiag station-A facility or otherlocation where detainees are administrativelyprocessed <strong>and</strong> provided custodial care pendingdisposition <strong>and</strong> subsequent release, transfer, ormovement to a prisoner-<strong>of</strong>-war or civilianinternee camp.detecting circuit(*)-The part <strong>of</strong> a mine firingcircuit which responds to the influence <strong>of</strong> atarget.detection-!. In tactical operations, the perception<strong>of</strong> an object <strong>of</strong> possible military interest butunconfinned by recognition. 2. In surveillance,the determination <strong>and</strong> transmission by asurveillance system that an event has occurred.3. In anns control, the first step in the process<strong>of</strong> ascertaining the occurrence <strong>of</strong> a violation <strong>of</strong>an anns-control agreement.deterioration limit(•)-A.Iimit placed on a particularproduct c~ristic to define the minimumacceptable q_Uility requirement for theproduct to retain its NATO code number.deterrence-The prevention from action by fear <strong>of</strong>· the consequences. Deterrence is a state <strong>of</strong>mind brought about by the existence <strong>of</strong> acredible threat <strong>of</strong> unacceptable counteraction.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>deterrent options-A course <strong>of</strong> action, developedon the best economic, diplomatic, political, <strong>and</strong>military judgment~ designed to dissuade anadversary from a current course <strong>of</strong> action orcontemplated operations. (In constructing anoperation plan, a range <strong>of</strong> options should bepresented to effect deterrence. Each optionrequiring deployment <strong>of</strong> forces should be aseparate force module.)detonating cord(*)-A flexible fabric tube containinga high explosive designed to transmit thedetonation wave.detonator(*)-A device contauung a sensitiveexplosive intended to produce a detonationwave.detour(*)-Deviation from those parts <strong>of</strong> a routewhere movement has become difficult or im-· ·possible to ensure continuity <strong>of</strong> movement to: :the destination. The modified part <strong>of</strong> the route· iis known as a "detour." ~deviation(*)-I. The distance by which a point <strong>of</strong>. impact or burst misses the target. See alsodrcular error probable; delivery error;dispenion error; horizontal error. 2. Theangular difference between magnetic <strong>and</strong> compassheadinp.DEW-see directed-eneqy warfare.diapositive(•)-A positive photograph on a transpareDlmedium. See also tnmsparency.died <strong>of</strong> wounds received in action-A casualtycategory applicable to a hostile casualty, otherthan the victim <strong>of</strong> a terrorist activity, who dies<strong>of</strong> wounds or other injuries received in actionafter having reached a medical treatment facility.Also called DWRIA. See also casualty. category.differential ballistic wind(*)-ln bombing, ahypothetical wind equal to the difference in115
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>velocity between the ballistic wind <strong>and</strong> theactual wind at a release altitude.diffraction loading(*)-The total force which isexerted on the sides <strong>of</strong> a structure by the advancingshock front <strong>of</strong> a nuclear explosion.dip(*)-ln naval mine warfare, the amount bywhich a moored mine is carried beneath its setdepth by a current or tidal stream acting on themine casing <strong>and</strong> mooring.diplomatic authorization(*)-Authority for overflightor l<strong>and</strong>ing obtained at government-togovernmentlevel through diplomatic channels.dip needle drcuit(*)-ln naval mine warfare, amechanism which responds to a change in themagnitude <strong>of</strong> the venical component <strong>of</strong> thetotal magnetic field.direct action-Short-duration strikes <strong>and</strong> othersmall-scale <strong>of</strong>fensive actions by special operationsforces to seize, destroy, capture, recover,or inflict damage on designated personnel ormateriel. In the conduct <strong>of</strong> these operations,special operations forces may employ raid,ambush, or direct assault tactics; emplacemines <strong>and</strong> other munitions; conduct st<strong>and</strong><strong>of</strong>fattacks by fire from air, ground, or maritimeplatfonns; provide terminal guidance for precision-guidedmunitions; <strong>and</strong> conduct independentsabotage. Also called DA.direct action fuze-See impact action fuze;proximity fuze; self-destroyiq fuse; timefuze.direct air support ceaier-A subordinate operationalcomponent q( a tactical air control systemdesigned for control <strong>and</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> closeair support <strong>and</strong> other tactical air support operations,<strong>and</strong> normally collocated with fire-supponcoordination elements. See also direct airsupport center (airborne).direct air support center (airbome)-An airborneaircraft equipped with the necessary staffpersonnel, communications, <strong>and</strong> operationsfacilities to function as a direct air supportcenter. See also direct air support center.directed energy-An umbrella term covering· technologies that relate to the production <strong>of</strong> abeam <strong>of</strong> concentrated electromagnetic energy oratomic or subatomic panicles. Also called DE.See also directed-energy device; directed-energyweapon.directecHDergy device-A system using directedenergy primarily for a purpose other than as aweapon. Directed-energy devices may produceeffects that could allow the device to be used asa weapon against certain threats, for example,laser rangefinden <strong>and</strong> designators used againstsenson that are sensitive to light. See also. ·. directed energy; directed-energy weapon.directed-energy protective measures-That divilsion <strong>of</strong> directed-energy warfare involvingactions taken to protect friendly equipment,facilities, <strong>and</strong> personnel to ensure friendlyeffective uses <strong>of</strong> the electromagnetic spectrumthat are threatened by hostile directed-energyweapons <strong>and</strong> devices.directed-enei'IY warfare-<strong>Military</strong> action involvingthe use <strong>of</strong> directed-energy weapons, devices,<strong>and</strong> countenneasures to either cause directdamage or destruction <strong>of</strong> enemy equipment,facilities, <strong>and</strong> penonnel, or to determine,exploit, reduce, or prevent hostile use <strong>of</strong> theelectromagnetic spectrum through damage,destruction, <strong>and</strong> disruption. It also include$actions taken to protect friendly equipment,facilities, <strong>and</strong> penonnel <strong>and</strong> retain friendly use<strong>of</strong> the electromagnetic spectrum. Also calledDEW. See also directed energy; directed-eneJ'IYdevice; directed-energy weapon; electr.mapedc spectrum; electronic warfare.116
. ·. ' ... · .... ~ ~·directed-energy weapon-A system using directedenergy primarily as a direct means to damageor destroy enemy equipment, facilities, <strong>and</strong>personnel. See also directed energy; directedenergydevice.directed exercise-See JCS-directed exercise.direct exchange-A supply method <strong>of</strong> issuingserviceable materiel in exchange for unserviceablemateriel on an item-for-item basis.direct fire-Gunfire delivered on a target, usingthe target itself as a point <strong>of</strong> aim for either thegun or the director.direct illumination(•)-Illumination provided bydirect light from pyrotechnics or searchlights.directing staff-See exercise directing staff.direction(•)-1. In anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresupport, a term used by a spotter/observer in acall for fire to indicate the bearing <strong>of</strong> thespotting line. 2. See intelligence cycle.directional gyro indicator-An azimuth gyro witha direct display <strong>and</strong> means for setting thedatum to a specified compass heading.direction fmding-A procedure for obtainingbearings <strong>of</strong> radio frequency emitters by usinga highly directional antenna <strong>and</strong> a display uniton an intercept receiver or ancillary equipment.direction <strong>of</strong> attack-A specific direction or routethat the main attack or center <strong>of</strong> mass <strong>of</strong> theunit will follow. ~ The unit is restricted, requiredto attack a_ indicated, <strong>and</strong> is not normallyallowed to bypass the enemy. The direction<strong>of</strong> attack is used primarily in counterattacks orto ensure that supporting attacks make maximalcontribution to the main attack.directive(*)-1. A military communication inwhich policy is established or a specific action(.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> l-<strong>02</strong>is ordered. 2. A plan issued with a view toputting it into effect when so directed, or in theevent that a stated contingency arises. 3.Broadly speaking, any communication whichinitiates or governs action, conduct, or procedure.direct laying-Laying in which the sights <strong>of</strong> weapOnS are aligned directly on the target. See alsolay.direct support-A mission requiring a force tosupport another specific force <strong>and</strong> authorizingit to answer directly the supported force'srequest for assistance. See also close support;general support; mutual support; support.direct support artillery(*)-Artillery whose primarytask is to provide fire requested by ehesupported unit.direct supporting fire(*)-Fire delivered in sdpport<strong>of</strong> part <strong>of</strong> a force, as opposed to generalsupporting fire which is delivered in support <strong>of</strong>the force as a whole. See also close supportingfire; deep supporting fire; supportingfire.disafTected person-A person who is alienated orestranged from those in authority or lacksloyalty to the government; a state <strong>of</strong> mind.disarmament-The reduction <strong>of</strong> a military establishmentto some level set by internationalagreement. See also arms control; armscontrol agreement; arms control measure.disarmed mine(*)-A mine for which the armingprocedure has been reversed, rendering themine inoperative. It is safe to h<strong>and</strong>le <strong>and</strong>transport <strong>and</strong> can be rearmed by simple action.disaster control-Measures taken before, during,or after hostile action or natural or manmadedisasters to reduce the probability <strong>of</strong> damage,117
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>minimize its effects, <strong>and</strong> initiate recovery. Seealso area damage control; damage control.discriminating circuit(*)-That pan <strong>of</strong> the operatingcircuit <strong>of</strong> a sea mine which distinguishesbetween the response <strong>of</strong> the detecting circuit tothe passage <strong>of</strong> a ship <strong>and</strong> the response to otherdisturbances (e.g., influence sweep, countermining,etc.)disembarkation schedule-See debarkationschedule.disengagement-In arms control, a general termfor proposals that would result in the geographicseparation <strong>of</strong> opposing nonindigenous forceswithout directly affecting indigenous militaryforces.dispatch route(*)-In road traffic, a roadway overwhich full control, both as to priorities <strong>of</strong> use<strong>and</strong> the regulation <strong>of</strong> movement <strong>of</strong> traffic intime <strong>and</strong> space is exercised. Movement authorizationis required for its use, even by a singlevehicle. See also route.dispeusary-See clinic.dispeuser(*)-ln air annament, a container ordevice which is used to carry <strong>and</strong> releasesubmunitions. See also cluster bomb unit.dispersal-Relocation <strong>of</strong> forces for the purpose <strong>of</strong>increasing survivability. See also dispersion.dispersal airfield-An airfield, military or civil, towhich aircraft might move before H-hour oneither a temporary ~uty or permanent change <strong>of</strong>station basis <strong>and</strong> be able to conduct operations.See also airfield.dispersed movement pattem(*)-A pattern forship-to-shore movement which provides additionalseparation <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing craft both laterally<strong>and</strong> in depth. This pattern is used when nuclearweapon threat is a factor.dispersed site(*)-A site selected to reduce concentration<strong>and</strong> vulnerability by its separationfrom other military targets or a recognizedthreat area.dispersion(*)-1. A scattered pattern <strong>of</strong> hitsaround the mean point <strong>of</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> bombs <strong>and</strong>projectiles dropped or fired under identicalconditions. 2. In antiaircraft gunnery, thescattering <strong>of</strong> shots in range <strong>and</strong> deflection aboutthe mean point <strong>of</strong> explosion. 3. The spreadingor separating <strong>of</strong> troops, materiel, establishments_,or activities which are usually concentratedin limited areas to reduce vulnerability.4. In chemical <strong>and</strong> biological operations, thedissemination <strong>of</strong> agents in liquid or aerosolform. 5. In airdrop operations, the scatter <strong>of</strong>personnel <strong>and</strong>/or cargo on the drop zone. 6.In naval control <strong>of</strong> shipping, the reberthing Qfa ship in the periphery <strong>of</strong> the port area or ipthe vicinity <strong>of</strong> the port for its own protection iborder to minimize the risk <strong>of</strong> damage fromattack. See also convoy dispersal point. Seealso circular error probable; delivery error;deviation; dispersion error; horizontal error.dispersion error(*)-The distance from the point<strong>of</strong> impact or burst <strong>of</strong> a round to the mean point<strong>of</strong> impact or burst.dispersion pattern(*)-The distribution <strong>of</strong> a series<strong>of</strong> rounds fired from one weapon or group <strong>of</strong>weapons under conditions as nearly identical aspossible the points <strong>of</strong> bursts or impact beingdispersed about a point called the mean point <strong>of</strong>impact. ·displaced person(*)-A civilian who is involuntarilyoutside the national boundaries <strong>of</strong> his orher country. See also evacuee; evacuees;refugee; refugees.displacement-In air intercept, separation betweentarget <strong>and</strong> interceptor tracks established toposition the interceptor in such a manner as to118
~ ' I ' 11•, ,
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>than the main target for the purpose <strong>of</strong> drawingenemy defenses away from the main effort.See also demonstration.diversionary l<strong>and</strong>ing-An operation in whichtroops are actually l<strong>and</strong>ed for the purpose <strong>of</strong>diverting enemy reaction away from the mainl<strong>and</strong>ing.divert-1. "Proceed to divert field or carrier asspecified." 2. To change the target, ~sion,or destination <strong>of</strong> an airborne flight.diving chamber-See hyperbaric chamber.division(*)-1. A tactical unit/fonnation as follows:a. A major administrative <strong>and</strong> tacticalunit/formation which combines in itself thenecessary anns <strong>and</strong> services required for sus- ·tained combat, larger than a regiment/brigade<strong>and</strong> smaller than a corps. b. A number <strong>of</strong>naval vessels <strong>of</strong> similar type grouped togetherfor operational <strong>and</strong> administrative comm<strong>and</strong>, ora tactical unit <strong>of</strong> a naval aircraft squadron,consisting <strong>of</strong> two or more sections. c. An airdivision is an air combat organization normallyconsisting <strong>of</strong> two or more wings with appropriateservice units. The combat wings <strong>of</strong> an airdivision will normally contain similar typeunits. 2. An organizational pan <strong>of</strong> a headquartersthat h<strong>and</strong>les military matters <strong>of</strong> aparticular nature, such as personnel, intelligence,plans, <strong>and</strong> training, or supply <strong>and</strong>evacuation. 3. A number <strong>of</strong> personnel <strong>of</strong> aship's complement grouped together for operational<strong>and</strong> administrative comin<strong>and</strong>.division artillery-Anijiery that is permanently anintegral pan <strong>of</strong> a cliviSion. For tactical purposes,all artillery placed under the comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> adivision comm<strong>and</strong>er is considered divisionartillery.division sUce-See sUce.dock l<strong>and</strong>ing shi~A naval ship designed totransport <strong>and</strong> launch loaded amphibious craft<strong>and</strong> vehicles with their crews <strong>and</strong> embarkedpersonnel in amphibious assault, <strong>and</strong> to renderlimited docking <strong>and</strong> repair service to smallships <strong>and</strong> craft; <strong>and</strong> one that is capable <strong>of</strong>acting as a control ship in an amphibiousassau.t. Designated LSD.doctrine-Fundamental principles by which themilitary forces or elements there<strong>of</strong> guide theiractions in support <strong>of</strong> national objectives. It isauthoriwive but requires judgment in application.See also combined doctrine; jointdoctrine; multi-&nice doctrine.<strong>DOD</strong> lntemal AucUt Orpoizations-The AnnyAudit Agency; Naval Audit Service; Air Force 1Audit Agency; <strong>and</strong> the Office <strong>of</strong> the Assis~t'Inspector General for Auditing, Office <strong>of</strong> the~Inspector General, <strong>DOD</strong>. ~ tdoUy-Airbome data link equipment. 'dome-See spray dome.domestic air trallic-Air traffic within the continentalUnited States.domestic emerpac:ies-Emergencies affecting thepublic welfare <strong>and</strong> occurring within the 50states, District <strong>of</strong> Columbia, Commonwealth <strong>of</strong>Pueno Rico, US possessions <strong>and</strong> territories, orany political subdivision there<strong>of</strong>, as a result <strong>of</strong>enemy attack, insurrection, civil disturbance,earthquake, fire, flood, or other public disastersor equivalent emergencies that endangerlife <strong>and</strong> property or disrupt the usual process <strong>of</strong>government. The term domestic emergencyincludes any or all <strong>of</strong> the emergency conditionsdefined below: L dvU defense emergency-Adomestic emergency disaster situation resultingfrom devastation created by an enemy attack<strong>and</strong> requiring emergency operations during <strong>and</strong>following that attack. It may be proclaimed byappropriate authority in anticipation <strong>of</strong> an120
...f.!i :·attack.. b. civil disturbances-Riots, acts <strong>of</strong>violence, insurrections, unlawful obstructionsor assemblages, or :other disorders prejudicialto public law <strong>and</strong> order. The tenn civil disturbanceincludes all domestic conditions requiringor likely to require the use <strong>of</strong> Federal AnnedForces pursuant to the provisions <strong>of</strong> Chapter 15<strong>of</strong> Title 10, United States Code. c. 1111\iordisaster-Any flood, fire, hurricane, tornado,earthquake, or other catastrophe which, in thedetennination <strong>of</strong> the President, is or threatensto be <strong>of</strong> sufficient severity <strong>and</strong> masmnide towarrant disaster assistance by the FederalGovernment under <strong>Pub</strong>lic Law 606, 9lst Congress( 42 United States Code 58) to supplementthe efforts <strong>and</strong> available resources <strong>of</strong> State <strong>and</strong>local governments in alleviating the damage,hardship, or suffering caused thereby. d.natural disaster-All domestic emergenciesexcept those created as a result <strong>of</strong> enemy attackor civil disturbance.domestic intelligence-Intelligence relating toactivities or conditions within the United Statesthat threaten internal security <strong>and</strong> that mightrequire the employment <strong>of</strong> troops; <strong>and</strong> intelligence. relating to activities <strong>of</strong> · individuals oragencies potentially or actually dangerous tothe security <strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> Defense.dominant user concept-The concept that theService which is the principal consumer willhave the responsibility for performance <strong>of</strong> asupport workload for all using Services.doppler effect(*)-The phenomenon evidenced bythe change in the observed frequency <strong>of</strong> asound or radio ~~ve caused by a time rate <strong>of</strong>change in the effective length <strong>of</strong> the path <strong>of</strong>travel between ~ source <strong>and</strong> the point <strong>of</strong>observation. :..doppler radar-A radar system that differentiatesbetween fixed <strong>and</strong> moving targets by detectingthe apparent change in frequency <strong>of</strong> the reflect-')I<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>. 1 .. • ~. ~ ,; • 'ed wave due to motion <strong>of</strong> target or the observer.dormant(*)-ln mine warfare, the state <strong>of</strong> a mineduring which a time delay feature in a mineprevents it from being actuated.dose rate contour line(*)-A line on a map,diagram, or overlay joining all points at whichthe -radiation dose rate at a given time is thesame.dosimetry(*)-The measurement <strong>of</strong> radiationdoses. It applies to both the devices used(dosimeters) <strong>and</strong> to the t~hniques.double agent-Agent in contact with two opposingintelligence services, only one <strong>of</strong> which isaware <strong>of</strong> the double contact or quasi-intelligenceservices. :) .double Dow route(*)-A route <strong>of</strong> at least ~jlanes allowing two columns <strong>of</strong> vehicles tJproceed simultaneously, either in the samedirection or in opposite directions. See alsoUmited access route; single Dow route.doubtful(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire support,a term used by an observer or spotter to indicatethat he was unable to determine the differencein range between the target <strong>and</strong> a round orrounds.down(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire support: 1.A term used in a call for fire to indicate thatthe wget is at a lower altitude than the referencepoint used in identifying the target. 2. Acorrection used by an observer/spotter in timefire to indicate that a decrease in height <strong>of</strong>burst is desired.dowqrade-To determine that classified informationrequires, in the interests <strong>of</strong> national security,a lower degree <strong>of</strong> protection against unauthorizeddisclosure than currently provided,121
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>coupled with a changing <strong>of</strong> the classificationdesignation to reflect such lower degree.·gravitational <strong>and</strong> aanospherically induced , ~torques on the spinning projectile. ' \down lock(*)-A deviee for locking retractablel<strong>and</strong>ing gear in the down or extended position.DPG-See Defeuse Planning Guidance.drafter-A person who actually composes themessage for release by the originator or thereleasing <strong>of</strong>ficer. See also originator.draft plan(*)-A plan for which a draft plan hasbeen coordinated <strong>and</strong> agreed with the othermilitary headquaners <strong>and</strong> is ready for coordinationwith the nations involved, that is thosenations who would be required to take nationalactions to suppon the plan. It may be used forfuture planning <strong>and</strong> exercises <strong>and</strong> may form thebasis for an operation order to be implementedin time <strong>of</strong> emergency. See also illitial draftplan; coordinated draft plan; fiDal plaa;operation plan.drag-Force <strong>of</strong> aerodynamic resistance caused bythe violent currents behind the shock front.drag loadiog(*)-The force on an object or structuredue to transient winds accompanying thepassage <strong>of</strong> a blast wave. The drag pressure· isthe product <strong>of</strong> the dynamic pressure <strong>and</strong> thedrag coefficient which is dependent upon theshape (or geometry) <strong>of</strong> the structure or object.See also dynamic pressure.Dragoo-A manponable medium antitank weapon,consisting <strong>of</strong> a round (missile <strong>and</strong> launcher)<strong>and</strong> a tracker that pnwides antitank/assault fire<strong>of</strong> infantry plat~ level for employmentagainst tanks <strong>and</strong> ¥ point targets such asemplaced weapons or fonifications. Designatedas M-47.drift(*)-ln ballistics, a shift in projectile directiondue to gyroscopic action which results from122drift angle(*)-The angle measured in degreesbetween the heading <strong>of</strong> an aircraft or ship <strong>and</strong>the track made good.driftiog mioe(*)-A buoyant or neutrally buoyantmine, free to move under the influence <strong>of</strong>waves, wind, currem or tide.driB mine(*)-An inen filled mine or mine-likebody, used in loading, laying or dischargepractice <strong>and</strong> trials. See also mioe.drone-A l<strong>and</strong>, sea, or air vehicle that is remotelyor automatically controlled. See also remotelypDoted vebide; unmanned aerial vehide.droop stop(*)-A device to limit downward veni-t f' .cal motion <strong>of</strong> helicopter rotor blades upon rotor; :shutdown.i ldrop(*)-ln anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire suppon, acorrection used by an observer/spotter toindicate that a decrease in range along a spottingline is desired.drop altltude(*)-1be altitude above mean sealevel at which airdrop is executed. See alsoaltitude; drop helgbt.drop beiPt(•)-1be · venical diStance between thedrop zone <strong>and</strong> the aircraft. See also altitude;drop altitude.dropmuter--1. An individual qualified to prepare,perform acceptance inspection, load, lash,<strong>and</strong> eject material for airdrop. 2. An aircrewmember who, during parachute operations, willrelay any required infonnation between pilot<strong>and</strong> jumpmaster. See also air dispatcber(carp).drop messap(*)-A message dropped from anaircraft to a ground or surface unit.)(\
. ·' .,.·;drop track-In air intercept, the unit havingreporting respo~ibility for a particular track isdropping that traCk <strong>and</strong> will no longer report it.Other units holding an interest in that trackmay continue to report it.drop zone(*)-A specific area upon which airbornetroops, equipment, or supplies are airdropped.dry deck shelter-A shelter module that attachesto the hu!l <strong>of</strong> a specially configured submarineto provide the submarine with the capability tolaunch <strong>and</strong> recover special operations personnel,vehicles <strong>and</strong> equipment while submerged.The dry deck shelter provides a working envirorunentat one atmosphere for the specialoperations element during transit <strong>and</strong> hasstructural integrity to the collapse depth <strong>of</strong> thehost submarine. Also called DDS.DSN-See Defeose Switched Network.D-to-P assets required on D-elay-As applied· tOthe D-to-P concept, this asset requirementrepresents those stocks that must be physicallyavailable on D-day to meet initial allowancerequirements, to fill the wartime pipelinebetween the producers <strong>and</strong> users (even if P-day<strong>and</strong> D-day occur simultaneously), <strong>and</strong> to provideany required D-to-P consumption/productiondifferential stockage. TheD-to-P assets required on D-day are also representedas the difference between the D-to-PMateriel Readiness Gross Requirements <strong>and</strong> thecumulative sum <strong>of</strong> all production deliveriesduring the D-to-P period. See also D-to-Pconcept.D-to-P concept-A logistic planning concept bywhich the gross materiel readiness requirementin support <strong>of</strong> approved forces at planned wartimerates for conflicts <strong>of</strong> indefinite durationwill be satisfied by a balanced mix <strong>of</strong> assets onh<strong>and</strong> on D-day <strong>and</strong> assets to be gained fromproduction through P-day when the planned<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>rate <strong>of</strong> production deliveries to the users equalsthe planned wartime rate <strong>of</strong> expenditure (consumption).See also D-day consum~tionlproduCtion ditTerential assets; D-daypipeline assets; D-to-P assets required onD-day; D-to-P materiel readiness gross requirement.D-to-P materiel readiness gross requirement-Asapplied to the D-to-P concept, the gross requirementfor all supplies/materiel needed tomeet all initial pipeline <strong>and</strong> anticipated expenditure(consumption) requirements between Dday <strong>and</strong> P-day. Includes initial allowances,CONUS <strong>and</strong> overseas operating <strong>and</strong> safetylevels, intransit levels <strong>of</strong> supply, <strong>and</strong> the cumulativesum <strong>of</strong> all items expended (consumed)during the D-to-P period. See also D-to-Pconcept.dual agent-One who is simultaneously <strong>and</strong> il\dependentlyemployed by two or more int,lligenceagencies covering targets for both.dual-capable forces-Forces capable <strong>of</strong> employingdual-capable weapons.dual capable unit(*)-A nuclear certified deliveryunit capable <strong>of</strong> executing both conventional <strong>and</strong>nuclear missions.dual-ruing circuit(*)-An assembly compnsmgtwo independent firing systems, both electric orboth non-electric, so that the firing <strong>of</strong> eithersystem will detonate all charges. See alsocombination ruing circuit.dual (multi)-capable weapons-I. Weapons,weapon systems, or vehicles capable <strong>of</strong> selectiveequipage with different types or mixes <strong>of</strong>armament or firepower. 2. ·Sometimes restrictedto weapons capable <strong>of</strong> h<strong>and</strong>ling eithernuclear or non-nuclear munitions.dual (multi)-purpose weapoos-W eapons whichpossess the capability for effective application123
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>in two or more basically different militaryfunctions <strong>and</strong>/or levels <strong>of</strong> conflict.dual-purpose weapon-A weapon designed fordelivering effective fire against air or surfacetargets.dual warning phenomenology-Deriving warninginformation from two systems observing separatephysical phenomena (e.g., radar/infraredor visible light/X-ray) associated with the sameevents to attain high credibility while being lesssusceptible to false reports or spo<strong>of</strong>ing.duck-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Troubleheaded your way" (usually followed by "bogey,salvos," etc.).dud(*)-Explosive munition which has not beenarmed as intended or which has failed to explodeafter being .armed. See also absolutedud; dwarf dud; flare dud; nuclear dud.dud probability-The expected percentage <strong>of</strong>failures in a given number <strong>of</strong> firings.due in-Quantities <strong>of</strong> materiel scheduled to bereceived from vendors, repair facilities, assemblyoperation, interdepot transfers, <strong>and</strong> othersources.dummy-See decoy.dummy message(*)-A message sent for somepurpose other than its content, which mayconsist <strong>of</strong> dummy groups or may have a meaninglesstext.dummy minefield(*)-In naval mine warfare, aminefield containing no live mines <strong>and</strong> presentingonly a psychological threat.dummy run-Any simulated firing practice, particularlya dive bombing approach made withoutrelease <strong>of</strong> a bomb. Also called dry run.dump(*)-A temporary storage area, usually in theopen, for bombs, ammunition, equipment, orsupplies.duplicate negative(*)-A negative reproducedfrom negative or diapositive.durable materiel-See non-expendable supplies<strong>and</strong> materiel.Duster (antiaircraft weapon)-A self-propelled,twin 40-mm antiaircraft weapon for use againstlow-flying aircraft. Designated as M42.DUSTWUN-See duty status - whereaboutsunknown.duty status -whereabouts unknown-A transito~casualty status, applicable only to militarjpersonnel, that is used when the responsibleconun<strong>and</strong>er suspects the member may be ~casualty whose absence is involuntary, but doesnot feel sufficient evidence currently exists tomake a defmite determination <strong>of</strong> missing ordeceased. Also called DUSTWUN. See alsocasualty status.dwarf dud-A nuclear weapon that, whenlaunched at or emplaced on a target, fails toprovide a yield within a reasonable range <strong>of</strong>that which could be anticipated with normaloperation <strong>of</strong> the weapon. This constitutes adud only in a relative sense.dwell at/on(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresuppon, this term is used when fire is to continuefor an indefinite period at specified timeor on a particular target or targets.DWRIA-See died <strong>of</strong> wounds received in action.dynamic pressure(*)-Pressure resulting fromsome medium in motion, such as the air followingthe shock front <strong>of</strong> a blast wave.!~124
' .··· .. ~; .1~ 1:.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>E-2-See Hawkeye.EA-6A-See Intruder.EA-6B-See Prowler.EAD-See earliest arrival date.•.Eagle-A twin-engine supersonic, turb<strong>of</strong>an, allweathertactical fighter, capable <strong>of</strong> employinga variety <strong>of</strong> air-launched weapons in the air-to-air role. The Eagle is air refuelable <strong>and</strong> isalso capable <strong>of</strong> long-range air superioritymissions. Designated as F-15.EAL T -See earliest anticipated launch time.earliest antidpated launch time-The earliesttime expected for a special operations tacticalelement <strong>and</strong> its supporting platform to depanthe staging or marshalling area together enroute to the operations area. Also calledEALT.earliest arrival date-A day, relative to C-day,that is specified by a planner as the earliest datewhen a unit, a resupply shipment, or replacementpersonnel can be accepted at a port <strong>of</strong>debarkation during a deployment. Used withthe latest arrival data, it defmes a deliverywindow for transportation planning. Alsocalled EAD. See also latest arrival date.Early Spring-An antireconnaissance satelliteweapon system. ..early time-See span <strong>of</strong> detonation (atomicdemolition mUDition employment).early warning(*)-Early notification <strong>of</strong> the launchor approach <strong>of</strong> unknown weapons or weaponcarriers. See also attack assessment; tacticalwarning.Eearmarking <strong>of</strong> stocks(*)-The arrangement wherebynations agree, normally in peacetime, toidentify a proportion <strong>of</strong> selected items <strong>of</strong> theirwar reserve stocks to be called for by specifiedNATO comm<strong>and</strong>ers.earthing(*)-The process <strong>of</strong> making a satisfactoryelectrical connection · between the structure,including the metal skin, <strong>of</strong> an object or vehicle,<strong>and</strong> the mass <strong>of</strong> the Eanh, to ensure acommon potential with the Eanh. See alsobonding; grounding.ease turn-Decrease rate <strong>of</strong> tum.echelon(*)-I. A subdivision <strong>of</strong> a headquarters,i.e., forward echelon, rear echelon. 2. Separatelevel <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>. As compared t~ aregiment, a division is a higher echelon~ abattalion is a lower echelon. 3. A fractiori <strong>of</strong>a comm<strong>and</strong> in the direction <strong>of</strong> depth to whicha principal combat mission is assigned; i.e.,attack echelon, support echelon, reserve echelon.4. A formation in which its subdivisionsare placed one behind another, with a lateral<strong>and</strong> even spacing to the same side.echeloned displacement(*)-Movement <strong>of</strong> a unit ·from one position to another without discontinuingperformance <strong>of</strong> its primary function.(<strong>DOD</strong>) Normally, the unit divides into tw<strong>of</strong>unctional elements (base <strong>and</strong> advance); <strong>and</strong>,while the base continues to operate, the advanceelement displaces to a new site where,after it becomes operational, it is joined by· thebase element.economic action-The planned use <strong>of</strong> economicmeasures designed to influence the policies oractions <strong>of</strong> another state, e.g., to impair thewar-making potential <strong>of</strong> a hostile power or togenerate economic stability within a friendlypower.125
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>economic mobilization(*)-The process <strong>of</strong> preparingfor <strong>and</strong> carrying out such changes in theorganization <strong>and</strong> functioning <strong>of</strong> the nationaleconomy as are necessary to provide for themost effective use <strong>of</strong> resources in a nationalemergency.economic order quantity-That quantity derivedfrom a mathematical technique used to determinethe optimum (lowest) total variable costsrequired to order <strong>and</strong> hold inventory. ·economic potential(*)-The total capacity <strong>of</strong> anation to produce goods <strong>and</strong> services.economic potential for war-That share <strong>of</strong> thetotal economic capacity <strong>of</strong> a nation that can beused for the purposes <strong>of</strong> war.economic retention stock-That portion <strong>of</strong> thequantity <strong>of</strong> an item excess <strong>of</strong> the approvedforce retention level that has been determinedwill be more economical to retain for futurepeacetime issue in lieu <strong>of</strong> replacement <strong>of</strong> futureissues by procurement. To warrant economicretention, items must have a reasonably predictabledem<strong>and</strong> rate.economic warfare-Aggressive use <strong>of</strong> economicmeans to achieve national objectives.economy <strong>of</strong> force theater-Theater in which riskis accepted to allow a concentration <strong>of</strong> sufficientforce in the theater <strong>of</strong> focus. See alsotheater <strong>of</strong> focus.EEFI-See essential ~lements <strong>of</strong> friendly information.EEl-See essential elements <strong>of</strong> information.effective damage-That damage necessary torender a target element inoperative, unserviceable,nonproductive, or uninhabitable.ejection(*)-I. Escape from an aircraft by means<strong>of</strong> an independently propelled seat or capsule.2. In air armament, the process <strong>of</strong> forcefullyseparating an aircraft store from an aircraft toachieve satisfactory separation.ejection systems(*)-a. comm<strong>and</strong> ejection system-Asystem in which the pilot <strong>of</strong> an aircraftor the occupant <strong>of</strong> the other ejection seat(s)initiates ejection resulting in the automaticejection <strong>of</strong> all occupants; b. comm<strong>and</strong> selectejection system-A system permitting the optionaltransfer from one crew station to another<strong>of</strong> the control <strong>of</strong> a conun<strong>and</strong> ejection systemfor automatic ejection <strong>of</strong> all occupants; c.independent ejection system-An ejection systemwhich operates independently <strong>of</strong> otherejection systems installed in one aircraft; ~·sequenced ejection system-A system whi¢hejects the aircraft crew in sequence to ensurej asafe minimum total time <strong>of</strong> escape witho~tcollision.electrode sweep(*)-In naval mine warfare, amagnetic cable sweep in which the water formspart <strong>of</strong> the electric circuit.electro-explosive device-An explosive or pyrotechniccomponent that initiates an explosive,burning, electrical, or mechanical train <strong>and</strong> isactivated by the application <strong>of</strong> electrical energy.electromagnetic compatibility-The ability <strong>of</strong>systems, equipment, <strong>and</strong> devices that utilize theelectromagnetic spectrum to operate in theirintended operational environments withoutsuffering unacceptable degradation or causingunintentional degradation because <strong>of</strong> electromagneticradiation or response. It involves the· application <strong>of</strong> sound electromagnetic spectrummanagement; system, equipment, <strong>and</strong> devicedesign configuration that ensures interferencefreeoperation; <strong>and</strong> clear concepts <strong>and</strong> doctrinesthat maximize operational effectiveness. Alsocalled EMC. See also electromagnetic spec-126
-_.:tnun; electronic warfare; spectrum management.electromagnetic deception-The deliberate radiation,reradiation, alteration, suppression, absorption,denial, enhancement, or reflection <strong>of</strong>electromagnetic energy in a manner intended toconvey misleading infonnation to an enemy orto enemy electromagnetic-dependent weapons,thereby degrading or neutralizing the enemy'scombat capability. Among the types <strong>of</strong> electromagneticdeception are: a. IIWiipulative electromagneticdeception-Actions to eliminaterevealing, or convey misleading, electromagnetictelltale indicators that may be used byhostile forces. b. simulative electromagneticdeception-Actions to simulate friendly, notional,or actual capabilities to mislead hostileforces. c. imitative electromagnetic deception-Theintroduction <strong>of</strong> electromagneticenergy into enemy systems that imitates enemyemissions. See also electronic warfare.electromagnetic environment-The resultingproduct <strong>of</strong> the power <strong>and</strong> time distribution, invarious frequency ranges, <strong>of</strong> the radiated orconducted electromagnetic emission levels thatmay be encountered by a military force, system,or platform when performing its assignedmission in its intended operational environment.It is the sum <strong>of</strong> electromagnetic interference;electromagnetic pulse; hazards <strong>of</strong> electromagneticradiation to personnel, ordnance, <strong>and</strong>volatile materials; <strong>and</strong> natural phenomenaeffects <strong>of</strong> lightning <strong>and</strong> p-static. Also calledEME.electromagnetic environmental etTects-Theimpact <strong>of</strong> the electromagnetic environmentupon the operational capability <strong>of</strong> militaryforces, equipment, systems, <strong>and</strong> platforms. Itencompasses all electromagnetic disciplines,including electromagnetic compatibility/electromagnetic interference; electromagneticwlnerability; electromagnetic pulse; electronicprotection, hazards <strong>of</strong> electromagnetic radiation<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>to personnel, ordnance, <strong>and</strong> volatile materials;<strong>and</strong> natural phenomena effects <strong>of</strong> lightning <strong>and</strong>p-static. Also called E3.electromagnetic hardening-Action taken toprotect personnel, facilities, <strong>and</strong>/or equipmentby filtering, attenuating, grounding, bonding,<strong>and</strong>/or shielding against undesirable effects <strong>of</strong>electromagnetic energy. See also electronicwarfare.electromagneticinterfe~Any electromagneticdisturbance that interrupts, obstructs, orotherwise degrades or limits the effectiveperformance <strong>of</strong> electronics/electrical equipment.It can be induced intentionally, as insome forms <strong>of</strong> electronic warfare, or unintentionally,as a result <strong>of</strong> spurious emissions <strong>and</strong>responses, intermodulation products, <strong>and</strong> thelike. Also called EMI.electromagnetic intrusion-The intentional inSertion<strong>of</strong> electromagnetic energy into transmissionpaths in any manner, with the objective <strong>of</strong>deceiving operators or <strong>of</strong> causing confusion.See also electronic warfare.electromagnetic· jamming-The deliberate radiation,reradiation, or reflection <strong>of</strong> electromagneticenergy for the purpose <strong>of</strong> preventing orreducing an enemy's effective use <strong>of</strong> the electromagneticspectrum, <strong>and</strong> with the intent <strong>of</strong>degrading or neutralizing the enemy's combatcapability. See also electromagnetic spectnun;electronic warfare; spectrum management.electromagnetic pulse-The electromagneticradiation from a nuclear explosion caused byCompton-recoil electrons <strong>and</strong> photoelectronsfrom photons scattered in the materials <strong>of</strong> thenuclear device or in a surrounding medium.The resulting electric <strong>and</strong> magnetic fields maycouple with electrical/electronic systems toproduce damaging current <strong>and</strong> voltage surges.127
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>May also be caused by nonnuclear means.Also called EMP.electromagnetic radiation-Radiation made up <strong>of</strong>oscillating electric <strong>and</strong> magnetic fields <strong>and</strong>propagated with the speed <strong>of</strong> light. Includesgamma radiation, X-rays, ultraviolet, visible,<strong>and</strong> infrared radiation, <strong>and</strong> radar <strong>and</strong> radiowaves.electromagnetic radiation hazards-Hazardscaused by a transmitter/antenna installation thatgenerates electromagnetic radiation in thevicinity <strong>of</strong> ordnance, personnel, or fuelingoperations in excess <strong>of</strong> established safe levelsor increases the existing levels to a hazardouslevel; or a personnel, fueling, or ordnanceinstallation located in an area that is illuminatedby electromagnetic radiation at a level that ishazardous to the planned operations or occupancy.These hazards will exist when anelectromagnetic field <strong>of</strong> sufficient intensity isgenerated to: a. Induce or otherwise couplecurrents <strong>and</strong>/or voltages <strong>of</strong> magnitudes largeenough to initiate electroexplosive devices orother sensitive explosive components <strong>of</strong> weaponsystems, ordnance, or explosive devices. b.Cause harmful or injurious effects to humans<strong>and</strong> wildlife. c. · Create sparks having sufficientmagnitude to ignite flammable mixtures <strong>of</strong>materials that must be h<strong>and</strong>led in the affectedarea. Also called EMR Hazards, RADHAZ,HERO.electromagnetic spectnun-The range <strong>of</strong> frequencies<strong>of</strong> electromagnetic radiation from zero toinfinity. It is divided into 26 alphabeticallydesignated b<strong>and</strong>s. See also electronic warfare.electromagnetic vulnerability-The characteristics<strong>of</strong> a system that cause it to suffer a definitedegradation (incapability to perfonn the designatedmission) as a result <strong>of</strong> having been subjectedto a certain level <strong>of</strong> electromagneticenvironmental effects. Also called EMV.electronic attack-See electronic warfare.electronic imagery dissemination-The transmission<strong>of</strong> imagery or imagery products by anyelectronic means. This includes the followingfour categories: a. primary imagery disseminationsystem-The equipment <strong>and</strong> proceduresused in the electronic transmission <strong>and</strong> receipt<strong>of</strong> uil-exploited original or near-original qualityimagery in near-real time. b. primary imagerydissemination-The electronic transmission<strong>and</strong> receipt <strong>of</strong> unexploited original or near-originalquality imagery in near-real time througha primary imagery dissemination system. c.secondary imagery dissemination system-Theequipment <strong>and</strong> procedures used in the electronictransmission <strong>and</strong> receipt <strong>of</strong> exploited non-original quality imagery <strong>and</strong> imagery productsin other than real or near-real time. d. s~ondaryimagery dissemination-The electronictransmission <strong>and</strong> receipt <strong>of</strong> exploited nono~iginalquality imagery <strong>and</strong> imagery products ihother than real or near-real time through asecondary imagery dissemination system.electronic line <strong>of</strong> sight-The path traversed byelectromagnetic waves that is not subject toreflection or refraction by the atmosphere.electronic masking(*)-The controlled radiation <strong>of</strong>electromagnetic energy on friendly frequenciesin a manner to protect the emissions <strong>of</strong> friendlycommunications <strong>and</strong> electronic systems againstenemy electronic warfare suppon measures/signalsintelligence, without significantlydegrading the operation <strong>of</strong> friendly systems.electronic probing-Intentional radiation designedto be introduced into the devices or systems <strong>of</strong>potential enemies for the purpose <strong>of</strong> learningthe functions <strong>and</strong> operational capabilities <strong>of</strong> thedevices or systems.electronic protection-See electronic warfare.128
-.electronic reconnaissance-The detection, identification,eyaluation, <strong>and</strong> location <strong>of</strong> foreignelectromagnetic radiations emanating fromother than nuclear detonations or radioactivesources.electronics intelligence-Technical <strong>and</strong> geolocationintelligence derived from foreign non-communicationselectromagnetic radiations emanatingfrom other than nuclear detonations orradioactive sources. Also called ELINT. Seealso electronic warfare; intelligence; signalsintelligence; telemetry intelligence.electronics security-The protection resulting fromall measures designed to deny unauthorizedpersons information <strong>of</strong> value that might be.derived from their interception <strong>and</strong> study <strong>of</strong>noncommunications electromagnetic radiations,e.g., radar.electronic warfare-Any military action involvingthe use <strong>of</strong> electromagnetic <strong>and</strong> directed energyto control the electromagnetic spectrum or toattack the enemy. Also called EW. The threemajor subdivisions within electronic warfareare: electronic attack, electronic protection, <strong>and</strong>electronic warfare support. a. electronicattack-That division <strong>of</strong> electronic warfareinvolving the use <strong>of</strong> electromagnetic or directedenergy to attack personnel, facilities, or equipmentwith the intent <strong>of</strong> degrading, neutralizing,or destroying enemy combat capability. Alsocalled EA. EA includes: 1) actions taken toprevent or reduce an enemy's effective use <strong>of</strong>the electromagnetic spectrum, such as jamming<strong>and</strong> electromagnetic deception, <strong>and</strong> 2) employment<strong>of</strong> weapons that use either electromagneticor directed energy as their primary destructivemechanism (lasers, radio frequency weapons,particle beams). b. electronic protection-Thatdivision <strong>of</strong> electronic warfare involvingactions taken to protect personnel,facilities, <strong>and</strong> equipment from any effects <strong>of</strong>friendly or enemy employment <strong>of</strong> electronicwarfare that degrade, neutralize, or destroy<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>friendly combat capability. Also called EP. c.electronic warfare support-That division <strong>of</strong>electronic warfare involving actions tasked by,or under direct control <strong>of</strong>, an operationalcomm<strong>and</strong>er to search for, intercept, identify,<strong>and</strong> locate sources <strong>of</strong> intentional <strong>and</strong> unintentionalradiated electromagnetic energy for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> immediate threat recognition. Thus,electronic warfare support provides informationrequired for immediate decisions involvingelectronic warfare operations <strong>and</strong> other tacticalactions such as threat avoidance, targeting, <strong>and</strong>homing. Also called ES. Electronic warfaresupport data can be used to produce signalsintelligence (SIGINT), both communicationsintelligence (COMINT), <strong>and</strong> electronics intelligence(ELINT). See also comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>control warfare; communications intelligence;directed energy; directed-energydevice; directed-energy warfare; directed.:energyweapon; electromagnetic compatibility;electromagnetic deception; electromagn~ticbardeaillg; electromagnetic jamming; electromagneticspectrum; electronics intelligence;frequency deconfliction; signals intelligence;spectrum management; suppression <strong>of</strong> enemyair defenses.electronic warfare support-See electronic warfare.electro-optical intelligence-Intelligence other thansignals intelligence derived from the opticalmonitoring <strong>of</strong> the electromagnetic spectrumfrom ultraviolet (0. 01 micrometers) through farinfrared (1,000 micrometers). Also calledELECTRO-OPI'INT. See also intelligence;laser intelligence.electro-optics(*)-The technology associated withthose components, devices <strong>and</strong> systems whichare designed to interact between the electromagnetic(optical) <strong>and</strong> the electric (electronic)state.129
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>ELECTRO-OPTINT -See electro-optical intelligence.element <strong>of</strong> resupply-See early resupply; improvised(early) resupply; initial (early) resupply;plaDDed resupply; resupply <strong>of</strong> Europe.elements <strong>of</strong> natioD&l power-All the means thatare available for employment in the pursuit <strong>of</strong>national objectives.elevation(*)-The vertical distance <strong>of</strong> a point orlevel on or affixed to the surface <strong>of</strong> the Earthmeasured from mean sea level. See also altitude;height.elevation guidance(*)-Infonnation which willenable the pilot or autopilot <strong>of</strong> an aircraft t<strong>of</strong>ollow the required glide path.elevation tint-See hypsometric tinting.elevator-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Takealtitude indicated" (in thous<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> feet, calling<strong>of</strong>f each 5,000-fQOt increment passed through).elicitation (intelligence)-Acquisition <strong>of</strong> informationfrom a person or group in a manner thatdoes not disclose the intent <strong>of</strong> the interview orconversation. A technique <strong>of</strong> human sourceintelligence collection, generally overt, unlessthe collector is other than he purpons to be.eligible traffic-Traffic for which movementrequirements are submitted <strong>and</strong> space is assignedor allocated. Such traffic must meeteligibility requirements specified in <strong>Joint</strong> TravelRegulations for the Uniformed Services <strong>and</strong>publications <strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> Defense <strong>and</strong><strong>Military</strong> Departments governing eligibility forl<strong>and</strong>, sea, <strong>and</strong> air transportation, <strong>and</strong> be inaccordance with the guidance <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff.ELINT -See electronics intelligence.embarkation(*)-The process <strong>of</strong> putting personnel<strong>and</strong>/or vehicles <strong>and</strong> their associated stores <strong>and</strong>equipment into ships <strong>and</strong>/or aircraft. See alsoloading.embarkation <strong>and</strong> tonnage table-A consolidatedtable showing personnel <strong>and</strong> cargo, by troop ornaval units, loaded aboard a combat-loadedship ..embarkation area(*)-An area ashore, includinga group <strong>of</strong> embarkation points, in which finalpreparations for embarkation are completed <strong>and</strong>through which assigned personnel <strong>and</strong> loads forcraft <strong>and</strong> ships are called forward to embark.See also mounting area.embarkation element (unit) (group)-A tempo-. rary administrative formation <strong>of</strong> persoimel withsupplies <strong>and</strong> equipment embarking or to beembarked (combat loaded) aboard the ships <strong>of</strong> · .one transport element (unit) (group). It isdissolved upon completion <strong>of</strong> the embarkation.An embarkation element normally consists <strong>of</strong>two or more embarkation teams: a unit, <strong>of</strong> twoor more elements; <strong>and</strong> a group, <strong>of</strong> two or moreunits. See also embarkation organization;embarkation team.embarkation <strong>of</strong>ficer-An <strong>of</strong>ficer on the staff cunits <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>ing force who advises t'couun<strong>and</strong>er there<strong>of</strong> ·on matters pertainingembarkation planning <strong>and</strong> loading ships. .'also combat cargo <strong>of</strong>ficer.embarkation order(*)-An order specifying dtimes, routes, loading diagrams, <strong>and</strong> me<strong>of</strong> movement to shipside or aircraft for<strong>and</strong> their equipment. See also movtable.embarkation organization-A temporarytrative fonnation <strong>of</strong> personnel with su~equipment embarking or to be embarJbat loaded) aboard amphibious shipr(\,130;--\1
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>also embarkation element (unit) (group);embarkation team.embarkation phase-In amphibious operations,the phase which encompasses the orderlyassembly <strong>of</strong> personnel <strong>and</strong> materiel <strong>and</strong> theirsubsequent loading aboard ships <strong>and</strong>/or aircraftin a sequence designed to meet the requirements<strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>ing force concept <strong>of</strong> operationsashore.embarkation plans-The plans prepared by thel<strong>and</strong>ing force <strong>and</strong> appropriate subordinatecomm<strong>and</strong>ers containing instructions <strong>and</strong> informationconcerning the organization for embarkation,assignment to shipping, supplies <strong>and</strong>equipment to be embarked, location <strong>and</strong> assignment<strong>of</strong> embarkation areas, control <strong>and</strong> communicationarrangements, movement schedules<strong>and</strong> embarkation sequence, <strong>and</strong> additionalpertinent instructions relating to the embarkation<strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>ing force.embarkation team-A temporary administrativeformation <strong>of</strong> all personnel with supplies <strong>and</strong>equipment embarking or to be embarked (combatloaded) aboard one ship. See also embarkationelement (UDit) (group); embarkationorganization.. EMC-See electromagnetic compatibility.EMCON-See emission control.emergency anchorage(*)-An anchorage, whichmay have a limited defense organization, fornaval vessels, mobile suppon units, auxiliaries,or merchant ships. See also advanced fleetanchorage; assembly anchorage; holdinganchorage; working anchorage.emergency burial(*)-A burial, usually on thebattlefield, when conditions do not permiteither evacuation for interment in ·a cemetery orburial according to national or internationallegal regulations. See also burial.emergency locator beacon(*)-A generic term forall radio beacons used for emergency locatingpurposes. See also personal locator beacon;crash locator beacon.emergency priority-A category <strong>of</strong> immediatemission request that takes precedence over allother priorities, e.g., an enemy breakthrough.See also immediate mission request; priority<strong>of</strong> immediate mission requests.emergency relocation site-A site located wherepracticable outside a prime target area to whichall or portions <strong>of</strong> a civilian or military headquartersmay be moved. As a minimum, it ismanned to provide for the maintenance <strong>of</strong> thefacility, communications, <strong>and</strong> data base. Itshould be capable <strong>of</strong> rapid activation, <strong>of</strong> suppaningthe initial requirements <strong>of</strong> the relocatedheadquarters for a predetermined period, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>expansion to meet wartime requirements <strong>of</strong> therelocated headquarters. ·emergency resupply-A resupply mission thatoccurs based on a predetermined set <strong>of</strong> circumstances<strong>and</strong> time interval should radio contactnot be established or, once established, is lostbetween a special operations tactical element<strong>and</strong> its base. See also automatic resupply;on-call resupply.emergency risk (nuclear)-A degree <strong>of</strong> risk whereanticipated effects may cause some temporaryshock, casualties <strong>and</strong> may significantly reducethe unit's combat efficiency. See also degree<strong>of</strong> risk; moderate risk (nuclear); negligiblerisk (nuclear).emergency scramble-In a1r Intercept, a codemeaning, "Carrier(s) addressed immediatelylaunch all available fighter aircraft as combatair patrol." If all available are not required.numerals <strong>and</strong>/or type may be added.emergency substitute(*)-A product which may beused, in an emergency only, in place <strong>of</strong> another131
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>product, but only on the advice <strong>of</strong> technicallyqualified personnel <strong>of</strong> the nation using theproduct, who will specify the limitations. Seealso acceptable product; st<strong>and</strong>ardized product.emission control-The selective <strong>and</strong> controlled use<strong>of</strong> electromagnetic, acoustic, or other emittersto optimize comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control capabilitieswhile minimizing, for operations security: a.detection by enemy sensors; b. minimizemutual interference among friendly systeins;<strong>and</strong>/or c. execute a military deception plan.Also called EM CON. See also electronicwarfare.emission control orders-Orders, referred to asEMCON orders, used to authorize, control, orprohibit the use <strong>of</strong> electronic emission equipment.See also control <strong>of</strong> electromagneticradiation.emplacement(*)-I. A prepared position for oneor more weapons or pieces <strong>of</strong> equipment, for.protection against hostile fire or bombardment,<strong>and</strong> from which they can execute their tasks.2. The act <strong>of</strong> faing a gun in a prepared positionfrom which it may be fired.enabling mine countenneasures-Countenneasuresdesigned to counter mines once they havebeen laid. This includes both passive <strong>and</strong>active mine countermeasures. See also minecountermeasures.encipher-To conven plain text into unintelligibleform by means <strong>of</strong> a cipher system.encrypt-To convert plain text into unintelligibleforms by means <strong>of</strong> a cryptosystem. (Note: Theterm encrypt covers the meanings <strong>of</strong> encipher<strong>and</strong> encode.) See also cryptosystem.end item-A final combination <strong>of</strong> end products,component parts, <strong>and</strong>/or materials that is readyfor its intended use, e.g., ship, tank, mobilemachine shop, aircraft.end <strong>of</strong> mission(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresupport, an order given to tenninate firing ona specific target.endurance(*)-The time an aircraft can continueflying, or a ground vehicle or ship can continueoperating, under specified conditions, e.g.,without refueling. See also endurance distance.endurance distance(*)-Total distance that aground vehicle or ship can be self-propelled atany specified endurance speed.endurance loading-The stocking aboard ship fora period <strong>of</strong> time, normally covering the number<strong>of</strong> months between overhauls, <strong>of</strong> items with all<strong>of</strong> the following characteristics: a. low price;b. low weight <strong>and</strong> cube; c. a predictableusage rate; <strong>and</strong> d. nondeteriorative. See alsoloadiDg.enemy capabilities-Those courses <strong>of</strong> action <strong>of</strong>which the enemy is physically capable, <strong>and</strong>that, if adopted, will affect accomplishment <strong>of</strong>our mission. The term "capabilities" includesnot only the general courses <strong>of</strong> action open tothe enemy, such as attack, defense, or withdrawal,but also all the particular courses <strong>of</strong>action possible under each general course <strong>of</strong>action. "Enemy capabilities" are considered inthe light <strong>of</strong> all known factors affecting militaryoperations, including time, space, weather,terrain, <strong>and</strong> the strength <strong>and</strong> disposition <strong>of</strong>enemy forces. In strategic thinking, the capabilities<strong>of</strong> a nation represent the courses <strong>of</strong>action within the power <strong>of</strong> the nation for accomplishingits national objectives throughoutthe range <strong>of</strong> military operations.eugage(*)-ln air defense, a fire control order usedt_O direct or authorize units <strong>and</strong>/or weapon132
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>systems to fire ori~a designated target. See alsocease engagem+.; hold ru-e.. ~engagement-In air defense, an attack with gunsor air-to-air missiles by an interceptor aircraft,or the launch <strong>of</strong> an air defense missile by airdefense artillery <strong>and</strong> the missile's subsequenttravel to intercept.engagement control(*)-ln air defense, that degree<strong>of</strong> control exercised over the operational functions<strong>of</strong> an air defense unit that are related todetection, identification, engagement, <strong>and</strong>destruction <strong>of</strong> hostile targets.envelopment(*)-An <strong>of</strong>fensive maneuver in whichthe main attacking force passes around or overthe enemy's principal defensive positions tosecure objectives to the enemy's rear. See alsoturning movement.environmental services-The various combinations<strong>of</strong> scientific, technical, <strong>and</strong> advisory activities(including modification processes, i.e., theinfluence <strong>of</strong> manmade <strong>and</strong> natural factors)required to acquire, produce, <strong>and</strong> supply informationon the past, present, <strong>and</strong> future swes <strong>of</strong>space, atmospheric, oceanograf,bic, <strong>and</strong> terrestrialsurroundings for use in military planning<strong>and</strong> decisionmaking processes, or to modifythose surroundings to enhance military operations.ephemeris-A publication giving the computedplaces <strong>of</strong> the celestial bodies for each day <strong>of</strong>the year or for fer regular intervals.equipment-In logistics, all nonexpendable itemsneeded to outfit-: --- or equip an individual ororganization. See also assembly; component;part; subassembly; supplies.equipment operationally ready-The status <strong>of</strong> anitem <strong>of</strong> equipment in the possession <strong>of</strong> anoperating unit that indicates it is capable <strong>of</strong>fulfilling its intended mission <strong>and</strong> in a systemconfiguration that <strong>of</strong>fers a high assurance <strong>of</strong> aneffective, reliable, <strong>and</strong> safe perfonnance .equivalent focal length(*)-The distance measuredalong the optical axis <strong>of</strong> the lens from the rearnodal point to the plane <strong>of</strong> best average definitionover the entire field used in a camera. Seealso focal length.escalation-An increase in scope or violence <strong>of</strong> aconflict, deliberate or unpremeditated.escapee-Any person who has been physicallycaptured by the enemy <strong>and</strong> succeeds in gettingfree. See also evasion <strong>and</strong> escape.escape line-A planned route to allow personnelengaged in cl<strong>and</strong>estine activity to depan ftma site or area when possibility <strong>of</strong> compro · se. or apprehension exists.escape route-See evasion <strong>and</strong> escape route.escort(*)-1. A combatant unit(s) assigned toaccompany <strong>and</strong> protect another force or convoy.2. Aircraft assigned to protect otheraircraft during a mission. 3. An armed guardthat accompanies a convoy, a train, prisoners,etc. 4. An armed guard accompanying personsas a mark <strong>of</strong> honor. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 5. To·convoy. 6. · A member <strong>of</strong> the Armed Forcesassigned to accompany, assist, or guide anindividual or group, e.g., an escon <strong>of</strong>ficer.escort forces-Combat forces <strong>of</strong> various typesprovided to protect other forces against enemyattack.espionage-Actions directed toward the acquisition<strong>of</strong> information through cl<strong>and</strong>estine operations.espionage agaiDst the United States-Oven,coven, or cl<strong>and</strong>estine activity designed toobtain information relating to the nationaldefense with intent or reason to believe that itwill be used to the injury <strong>of</strong> the United States133
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>or to the advanta~ <strong>of</strong> a foreign nation. Forespionage crimes t~e Chapter 37 <strong>of</strong> Title 18,United States Code.essential communications traffic-Transmissions(record/voice) <strong>of</strong> any precedence which mustbe sent electrically in order for the comm<strong>and</strong>or activity concerned to avoid a serious impacton rnission accomplishment or safety or life.essential elements <strong>of</strong> friendly information-Keyquestions likely to be asked by adversary<strong>of</strong>ficials <strong>and</strong> intelligence systems about specificfriendly intentions, capabilities, <strong>and</strong> activities,so they can obtain answers critical to theiroperational effectiveness. Also called EEFI. ·essential elements <strong>of</strong> information-The critical ·items <strong>of</strong> information regarding the enemy <strong>and</strong>the environment needed by the comm<strong>and</strong>er bya particular time to relate with other availableinformation <strong>and</strong> intelligence in order to assist inreaching a logical decision. Also called EEl.essential industry-Any industry necessary to theneeds <strong>of</strong> a civilian or war economy. The termincludes the basic industries. as well as thenecessary portions <strong>of</strong> those other industries thattransform the crude basic raw materials intouseful intermediate or end products, e.g., theiron <strong>and</strong> steel industry, the food industry, <strong>and</strong>the chemical industry.essentiai secrecy-The condition achieved from thedenial <strong>of</strong> critical information to adversaries.establishment(*)-1.$ An installation, togetherwith its personnel ·.nd equipment, organized asan operating enti~ (NATO) 2. The tablesetting out the authorized numbers <strong>of</strong> men <strong>and</strong>major equipment in a unit/formations; sometimescalled "table <strong>of</strong> organization" or "table <strong>of</strong>organization-<strong>and</strong> equipment." See also activity;base; equipment.estimate-1. An analysis <strong>of</strong> a foreign situation,development, or trend that identities its majorelements, interprets the significance, <strong>and</strong>- appraisesthe future possibilities <strong>and</strong> the prospectiveresults <strong>of</strong> the various actions that might betaken. 2. An appraisal <strong>of</strong> the capabilities,wlnerabilities, <strong>and</strong> potential courses <strong>of</strong> action<strong>of</strong> a. foreign nation or combination <strong>of</strong> nations inconsequence <strong>of</strong> a specific national plan, policy,decision, or contemplated course <strong>of</strong> action. 3.An analysis <strong>of</strong> an actual or contemplated cl<strong>and</strong>estineoperation in relation to the situation inwhich it is or would be conducted in order toidentify <strong>and</strong> appraise such factors as available<strong>and</strong> needed assets <strong>and</strong> potential obstacles,accomplishments, <strong>and</strong> consequences. See alsointelligence estimate. 4. In air intercept, acode meaning, "Provide a quick estimate <strong>of</strong>~eheight/depth/range/size <strong>of</strong> d~signated contact 'or "I estimate height/depth/range/size <strong>of</strong> desi -nated contact is "evacuation-1. The process <strong>of</strong> moving any personwho is wounded, injured, or ill to <strong>and</strong>/orbetween medical treatment facilities. 2. Theclearance <strong>of</strong> personnel, animals, or materielfrom a given locality. 3. The controlledprocess <strong>of</strong> collecting, classifying, <strong>and</strong> shippingunserviceable or ab<strong>and</strong>oned materiel, UnitedStates <strong>and</strong> foreign, to appropriate reclamation,maintenance, technical intelligence, or disposalfacilities.evacuation control ship(*)-ln an amphibiousoperation, a ship designated as a control pointfor l<strong>and</strong>ing craft, amphibious vehicles, <strong>and</strong>helicopters evacuating casualties from thebeaches. Medical personnel embarked in theevacuation control ship effect distribution <strong>of</strong>casualties throughout the attack force in accordancewith ship's casualty capacities <strong>and</strong> specializedmedical facilities available, <strong>and</strong> alsoperform emergency surgery.evacuation convoy(*)-A convoy which is usedfor evacuation <strong>of</strong> dangerously exposed waters.134
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>See also evacuat;ion <strong>of</strong> dangerously exposedwaters. fl.evacuation <strong>of</strong> dangerously exposed waters(*)-Themovement <strong>of</strong> merchant ships undernaval control from severely threatened coastlines<strong>and</strong> dangerously exposed waters to saferlocalities. See also dangerously exposedwaters; severely threatened coastline.evacuation policy-I. Comm<strong>and</strong> decisiop indicatingthe length in days <strong>of</strong> the maximum period<strong>of</strong> noneffectiveness that patients may be heldwithin the comm<strong>and</strong> for treatment. Patientswho, in the opinion <strong>of</strong> responsible medical<strong>of</strong>ficers, cannot be returned to duty statuswithin the period prescribed are evacuated bythe first available means, provided the travelinvolved will not aggravate their disabilities.2. A comm<strong>and</strong> decision concerning the movement<strong>of</strong> civilians from the proximity <strong>of</strong> militaryoperations for security <strong>and</strong> safety reasons <strong>and</strong>involving the need to arrange for movement,reception, care, <strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> such individuals.3. Comm<strong>and</strong> policy concerning the evacuation<strong>of</strong> unserviceable or ab<strong>and</strong>oned materiel <strong>and</strong>including designation <strong>of</strong> channels <strong>and</strong> destinationsfor evacuated materiel, the establishment<strong>of</strong> controls <strong>and</strong> procedures, <strong>and</strong> the disselnination<strong>of</strong> condition st<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>and</strong> dispositioninstructions.evacuee-A civilian removed from a place <strong>of</strong>residence by military direction for reasons <strong>of</strong>personal security or the requirements <strong>of</strong> themilitary situation. See also displaced person;expellee; refug!:evader-Any pers~iUsolated in hostile or unfriendlyterritory who etudes capture.evaluation-In intelligence usage, appraisal <strong>of</strong> anitem <strong>of</strong> information in terms <strong>of</strong> credibility,reliability, pertinency, <strong>and</strong> accuracy. Appraisalis accomplished at several stages within theintelligence cycle with progressively differentcontexts. Initial evaluations, made by case<strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>and</strong> report <strong>of</strong>ficers, are focused uponthe reliability <strong>of</strong> the source <strong>and</strong> the accuracy <strong>of</strong>the information as judged by data available ator close to their operational levels. Laterevaluations, by intelligence analysts, are primarilyconcerned with verifying accuracy <strong>of</strong>information <strong>and</strong> may, in effect, convert informationinto intelligence. Appraisal or evaluation<strong>of</strong> items <strong>of</strong> information or intelligence isindicated by a st<strong>and</strong>ard letter-number system.The evaluation <strong>of</strong> the reliability <strong>of</strong> sources isdesignated by a letter from A through F, <strong>and</strong>the accuracy <strong>of</strong> the information is designatedby numeral 1 through 6. These are two entirelyindependent appraisals, <strong>and</strong> these separateappraisals are indicated in accordance with thesystem indicated below. Thus, informationadjudged to be "probably true" received !ma "us. ually reliable source" is designated " 2"or "B2, ~ while infonnation <strong>of</strong> which the "t thcannot be judged" received from a "us lyreliable source" is designated "B-6" or "B6."ReliabDity <strong>of</strong> SourceA-Completely reliableB-UsuaJly reliableC-Fairly reliableD-Not usually reliable£-UnreliableF-Reliability cannotbe judgedAccuracy <strong>of</strong> lnformatioaI -Confirmed by other sources2-Probably true3-Possibly true4-DoubtfulS-lmprobable6-Truth cannot be judgedSee also intelligence cycle; operational evaluation;technical evaluation.evaluation agent-That comm<strong>and</strong> or agencydesignated in the program directive. to beresponsible for the planning, coordination, <strong>and</strong>conduct <strong>of</strong> the required evaluation. The evaluationagent, normally the <strong>Joint</strong> Doctrine Center,J-7, identifies evaluation criteria <strong>and</strong> themedia to be used, develops a proposed evaluationdirective, coordinates exercise-relatedevaluation requirements with the sponsoringcomm<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> provides required evaluationreports to the Director, J-7. See also joint135
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>doctrine; joint tactip, techniques, <strong>and</strong> procedures;joint test p1~Hcation.evasion <strong>and</strong> escape(*):;. The procedures <strong>and</strong> operationswhereby military personnel <strong>and</strong> otherselected individuals are enabled to emerge froman enemy-held or hostile area to areas underfriendly control.evasion <strong>and</strong> escape intelligence-Processed informationprepared to assist personnel to escape ifcaptured by the enemy or to evade capture iflost in enemy-dominated territory.evasion <strong>and</strong> escape net-The organization withinenemy-held or hostile areas that operates toreceive, move, <strong>and</strong> exfiltrate military personnelor selected individuals to friendly control. Seealso unconventional warfare.evasion <strong>and</strong> escape route-A course <strong>of</strong> travel,preplanned or not, that an escapee or evaderuses in an attempt to depart enemy territory inorder to return to friendly lines.exaggerated stereoscopy-See hyperstereoscopy.exceptional traDsport(*)-In railway terminology, :a load whose size, weight, or preparation entailspecial difficulties vis-a-vis the facilities orequipment <strong>of</strong> even one <strong>of</strong> the railway systemsto be used.excess property-The quantity <strong>of</strong> propeny inpossession <strong>of</strong> any component <strong>of</strong> the Department<strong>of</strong> Defense that exceeds the quantity requiredor authorized for retenebn by that component........executing comm<strong>and</strong>er .~uclear weapons)-Acomm<strong>and</strong>er to whom nuclear weapons arereleased for delivery against specific targets orin accordance with approved plans. See alsocomm<strong>and</strong>er(s); releasing comm<strong>and</strong>er (nuclearweapons). ·execution planning-The phase <strong>of</strong> the crisis actionplanning process in which an approved operationplan or other National Conun<strong>and</strong> Authorities-designatedcourse <strong>of</strong> action is adjusted,refmed, <strong>and</strong> translated into an operation order.Execution planning can proceed on the basis <strong>of</strong>prior deliberate planning, or it can take placeunder. a no plan situation.exercise(*)-A military maneuver or simulatedwartime operation involving planning, preparation,<strong>and</strong> execution. It is carried out for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> training <strong>and</strong> evaluation. It may bea combined, joint, or single-Service exercise,depending on participating organizations. Seealso comm<strong>and</strong> post exercise; field exercise;maneuver.Iexercise directing staff(*)-A group <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficerswho by vinue <strong>of</strong> experience, qualifications, <strong>and</strong>a thorough knowledge <strong>of</strong> the exercise instructions,are selected to direct or control an exercise.exercise rilled mine(*)-ln naval mine warfare, amine containing an inen filling <strong>and</strong> an indicatingdevice. See also explosive rilled mine;fitted mine; mine.exercise inddent(*)-An occurrence injected bydirecting staffs into the exercise which willhave an effect on the forces being exercised, ortheir facilities, <strong>and</strong> which will require action bythe appropriate comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong>/or staff beingexercised.exercise mine(•)-ln naval mine warfare, a minesuitable for use in mine warfare exercises,fitted with visible or audible indicating devicesto show where <strong>and</strong> when it would normallyfire. See also driB mine; mine; practicemine.exercise specifications(*)-The fundamental requirementsfor an exercise, providing in advancean outline <strong>of</strong> the concept, fonn, scope,136
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>setting, aim, obj.ectives, force requirements,political implicar!l ns, analysis arrangements,<strong>and</strong> costs. ·.~exercise sponsor(*)-The comm<strong>and</strong>er who conceivesa particular exercise <strong>and</strong> orders that it beplanned <strong>and</strong> executed either by the comm<strong>and</strong>er'sstaff or by a_ subordinate headquarters.exercise study(*)-An activity which may take theform <strong>of</strong> a map exercise, a war game, a series<strong>of</strong> lectures, a discussion group, or an operationalanalysis.exercise term-A combination <strong>of</strong> two words,normally unclassified, used exclusively todesignate a test, drill, or exercise. An exerciseterm is employed to preclude the possibility <strong>of</strong>confusing exercise directives with actual operationsdirectives.extlltration-The removal <strong>of</strong> personnel or unitsfrom areas under enemy control.existence load-Consists <strong>of</strong> items other than thosein the fighting load that are required to sustainor protect the combat soldier. These itemsmay be necessary for increased personal . <strong>and</strong>environmental protection <strong>and</strong> are not normallycarried by the individual. See also figbtingload.exoatmosphere-Seeburst.nuclear exoatmosphericexpedition-A military operation conducted by anarmed force to ~mplish a specific objectivein a foreign coldffry.-,.-=~:expeditionary rorce:.An armed force organized toaccomplish a specific objective in a foreigncountry.expellee-A civilian outside the boundaries <strong>of</strong> thecountry <strong>of</strong> his or her nationality or ethnicorigin who is being forcibly repatriated to thatcountry or to a third country for political orother purposes. See also displaced person;evacuee; refugee.expendable property-Property that may beconsumed in use or loses its identity in use <strong>and</strong>may be dropped from stock record accountswhen it is issued or used.expendable supplies <strong>and</strong> material-Supplieswhich are consumed in use, such as ammunition,paint, fuel, cleaning <strong>and</strong> preserving materials,surgical dressings, drugs, medicines, etc.,or which lose their identity, such as sparepans, etc. Also called consumable supplies<strong>and</strong> material.exploder(*)-A device designed to generate anelectric current in a firing circuit after dehrrateaction by the user in order to initiat anexplosive charge or charges.exploitation(*)-1. Taking full advantage <strong>of</strong>success in battle <strong>and</strong> following up initial gains.2. Taking full advantage <strong>of</strong> any informationthat has come to h<strong>and</strong> for tactical, operational,or strategic purposes. 3. An <strong>of</strong>fensive operationthat usually follows a successful attack <strong>and</strong>is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth.exploratory bunting(*)-ln naval mine warfare, aparallel operation to search sweeping, in whicha sample <strong>of</strong> the route or area is subjected tominehunting procedures to determine the presenceor absence <strong>of</strong> mines.explosive 6lled mine(*)-ln mine warfare, a minecontaining an explosive charge but not necessarilythe firing train needed to detonate it.See also exercise filled mine; fitted mine.explosive ordnance(*)-All munitions containingexplosives, nuclear fission or fusion materials<strong>and</strong> biological <strong>and</strong> chemical agents. Thisincludes bombs <strong>and</strong> warheads; guided <strong>and</strong>ballistic missiles; artillery, mortar, rocket, <strong>and</strong>137
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>small arms amm~ion; all mines, torpedoes,<strong>and</strong> depth charges~.demolition charges; pyrotechnics;clusters <strong>and</strong> dispensers; cartridge <strong>and</strong>propellant actuated devices; electro-explosivedevices; cl<strong>and</strong>estine <strong>and</strong> improvised explosivedevices; <strong>and</strong> all similar or related items orcomponents explosive in nature.explosive ordnance disposal(*)-The detection,identification, on-site evaluation, renderingsafe, recovery, <strong>and</strong> final disposal <strong>of</strong> unexplodedexplosive ordnance. It may also includeexplosive ordnance which has become hazardousby damage or deteric · ·ion.explosive ordnance disposal incident(*)-Thesuspected or detected presence <strong>of</strong> unexplodedexplosive ordnance, or damaged explosiveordnance, which constitutes a hazard to operations,installations, personnel or material. Notincluded in this definition are the accidentalarming or other conditions that develop duringthe manufacture <strong>of</strong> high explosive material,technical service assembly operations or thelaying <strong>of</strong> mines <strong>and</strong> demolition charges.explosive ordnance disposal procedures(*)-Thoseparticular courses or modes <strong>of</strong>action taken by explosive ordnance disposal.personnel for access to, diagnosis, renderingsafe, recovery, <strong>and</strong> final disposal <strong>of</strong> explosiveordnance or any hazardous material associatedwith an explosive ordnance disposal incident.a. access procedures-Those actions taken tolocate exactly <strong>and</strong> gain access to unexplodedexplosive ordnanc.t_ b. diagnostic procedures-Thoseactitns taken to identify <strong>and</strong>evaluate unexplodal explosive ordnance. c.render safe proceclures-The portion <strong>of</strong> theexplosive ordnance disposal procedures involvingthe application <strong>of</strong> special explosive ordnancedisposal methods <strong>and</strong> tools to provide forthe interruption <strong>of</strong> functions or separation <strong>of</strong>essential components <strong>of</strong> unexploded explosiveordnance to prevent an unacceptable detonation.d. recovery procedures-Those actions138taken to recover unexploded explosive ordnance.e. tiDal disposal procedures-Thefinal disposal <strong>of</strong> explosive ordnance which mayinclude demolition or burning in place, removalto a disposal area, or other appropriate means.explosive ordnance disposal UDit-Personnel withspecial training <strong>and</strong> equipment who renderexplosive ordnance safe (such as bombs, mines,projectiles, <strong>and</strong> booby traps), make intelligencereports on such ordnance, <strong>and</strong> supervise thesafe removal there<strong>of</strong>.explosive train(*)-A succession <strong>of</strong> initiating <strong>and</strong>igniting elements arranged to cause a charge t<strong>of</strong>unction.exposure dose(*)-The exposure dose at a givipoint is a measurement <strong>of</strong> radiation in relatito its ability to produce ionization. The unitmeasurement <strong>of</strong> the exposure dose is the roegen.exposure statioo-See air station {photogrammetry).extended commUDicatioas search-In search <strong>and</strong>rescue operations, consists <strong>of</strong> . contacting allpossible sources <strong>of</strong> information on the missingcraft, including physically checking possiblelocations such as harbors, marinas, <strong>and</strong> airportramps. An extended communications search isnormally conducted after a preliminary communicationssearch has yielded no results <strong>and</strong>when the mission is upgraded to the alertphase. Also called EXCOM. See also prelim~iDary communicatious search; search <strong>and</strong>rescue incident classification, Subpart b.extent <strong>of</strong> a military exercise(*)-The scope <strong>of</strong> anexercise in relation to the involvement <strong>of</strong>NATO <strong>and</strong>/or national comm<strong>and</strong>s. See alsointer-comm<strong>and</strong> exercise; intra-comm<strong>and</strong>exercise; NATO-wide exercise; scale <strong>of</strong> anexercise.!\,(\:
, .. ,·'<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>extent <strong>of</strong> damage-The visible plan area <strong>of</strong> damageto a target ifement, usually expressed inunits <strong>of</strong> 1,000 sjlare feet, in detailed damageanalysis <strong>and</strong> in -approximate percentages inimmediate-type damage assessment reports;e.g., 50 percent structural damage.external audience-All people who are not part <strong>of</strong>the internal audience <strong>of</strong> US military members<strong>and</strong> civilian employees <strong>and</strong> their immediatefamilies. Part <strong>of</strong> the concept <strong>of</strong> "<strong>Pub</strong>lics."Includes many varied subsets that may bereferred to as "Audiences" or "<strong>Pub</strong>lics." Seealso internal audience; public.external reinforcing force(*)-A reinforcing forcewhich. is principally stationed in peacetimeoutside its intended Major NATO Comm<strong>and</strong>area <strong>of</strong> operations.extraction parachute(*)-An auxiliary parachutedesigned to release <strong>and</strong> extract <strong>and</strong> deploycargo from aircraft in flight <strong>and</strong> deploy cargoparachutes. See also gravity extraction.Iextraction zone(*)-A specified drop zone usedfor the delivery <strong>of</strong> supplies <strong>and</strong>/or equipmentby means <strong>of</strong> an extraction technique from anaircraft flying very close to the ground.139
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>...~ • --;-. 't~;'t.:,··,,.-:.::.-.;..I. ) ,(INTENTIONALLy BLANK); ~- t ....-·t~,..-~:•~140
•.j.·~F -4-See Phantom 11.F-14-See Tomcat.F -15-See Eagle.F-16-See Fighting Falcon.F-111-A twin-engine, supersonic, turb<strong>of</strong>an,all-weather tactical fighter. It is capable <strong>of</strong>employing nuclear <strong>and</strong> nonnuclear weapons. Italso has the capability for operating from veryshon, relatively unprepared air strips.FA-See feasibility assessment.F/A-18-See Hornet.fabricator-Individuals or groups who, withoutgenuine resources, invent infonnation or inflateor embroider over news for personal gain orfor political purposes.facility-A real propeny entity consisting <strong>of</strong> one ormore <strong>of</strong> the following: a building, a structure,a utility system, pavement, <strong>and</strong> underlyingl<strong>and</strong>. See also base.facsimile(*)-A system <strong>of</strong> telecommunication forthe transmission <strong>of</strong> fixed images with a view totheir reception in a pennanent form.faded-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Contacthas disappeared-tom reponing station's scope,<strong>and</strong> any positimrinfonnation given is estimated."; '2-faker-A friendly aircraft simulating a hostile inan air defense exercise.fallout(*)-The precipitation to Earth <strong>of</strong> radioactiveparticulate matter from a nuclear cloud;also applied to the paniculate matter itself.F<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>fallout contours(*)-Lines joining points whichhave the same radiation intensity that define afallout pattern, represented in terms <strong>of</strong> roentgensper hour.fallout pattern(*)-The distribution <strong>of</strong> fallout asponrayed by fallout contours.fallout prediction-An estimate, made before <strong>and</strong>immediately after a nuclear detonation, <strong>of</strong> thelocation <strong>and</strong> intensity <strong>of</strong> militarily significantquantities <strong>of</strong> radioactive fallout.fallout safe height <strong>of</strong> burst-The height <strong>of</strong> burstat or above which no militarily significantfallout will be reproduced as a result, anuclear weapon detonation. See also ty <strong>of</strong>burst.fallout wind vector plot(*)-A wind vector diagrambased on the wind structure from thesurface <strong>of</strong> the Earth to the highest altitude <strong>of</strong>interest.false origin(*)-A fixed point to the south <strong>and</strong>west <strong>of</strong> a grid zone from which grid distancesare measured eastward <strong>and</strong> northward.famished-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Haveyou any instructions for me?"fan camera photography(*)-Photography takensimultaneously by an assembly <strong>of</strong> three or morecameras systematically installed at fixed anglesrelative to each other so as to provide widelateral coverage with overlapping images. Seealso tri-camera photography.fan cameras(*)-An assembly <strong>of</strong> three or morecameras systematically disposed at fixed anglesrelative to each other so as to provide widelateral coverage with overlapping images. Seealso spUt cameras.141
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong> .- ;.'-fan marker beacon(1-A type <strong>of</strong> radio beacon,the emissions <strong>of</strong> which radiate in a vertical,fan-shaped pattern. The signal can be keyedfor identification purposes. See also radiobeacon; Z marker beacon.fann gate type operations-Operational assistance<strong>and</strong> specialized tactical training provided afriendly foreign air force by the United StatesArmed Forces to include, under certain specifiedconditions, the flying <strong>of</strong> operational missionsin combat by combined UnitedStates/foreign aircrews as a part <strong>of</strong> the trainingbeing given when such missions are beyond thecapability <strong>of</strong> the foreign air force.feasibility-operation plan review criterion. The~etennination <strong>of</strong> whether the assigned taskscould be accomplished by using availableresources. See also acceptability; adequacy;completeness; suitability.feasibility assessment-A basic target analysis thatprovides an initial determination <strong>of</strong> the viability<strong>of</strong> a proposed target for special operationsforces employment. Also called FA.feasibility test-An operation plan review criteriato determine whether or not a plan is within thecapacity <strong>of</strong> the resources that can be madeavailable. See also logistic implications test.feature(*)-In cartography, any object or configuration<strong>of</strong> ground or water represented on theface <strong>of</strong> the map or chart.-t. .,.feature line overla~-A series <strong>of</strong> overlappingair photographs wRich follow the line <strong>of</strong> aground feature, e.g., river, road, railway, etc.FEBA-See forward edge <strong>of</strong> the battle area.Federal Modal Agencies-See transportationoperating agencies. .Federal Stock Number-The Federal Stock Number<strong>of</strong> an item <strong>of</strong> supply consists <strong>of</strong> the applicable4-digit class code number from the FederalSupply Classification plus a sequentially assigned7 -digit Federal Item Identification Number.The number shall be arranged as follows:4210-196-5439. See also National StockNumber. Note: Federal Stock Numbers werereplaced by National Stock Numbers effective30 September 1974.federal supply class management-Those functions<strong>of</strong> materiel management that can best beaccomplished by Federal Supply Classification,such as cataloging, characteristic screening,st<strong>and</strong>ardization, interchangeability <strong>and</strong> substitutiongrouping, multi-item specification manage~ent, <strong>and</strong> engineering support <strong>of</strong> the foreglmg.Federal Tnmsport Agencies-See transportatiooperatiDg agencies.feet dry-1. In air operations, a code meaning, "Iam, or contact designated is, over l<strong>and</strong>." 2.In l<strong>and</strong>ing craft air cushion (LCAC) operations,a code meaning operations over l<strong>and</strong>.feet wet-1. In air operations, a code meaning, "Iam, or contact designated is, over water.". 2.In l<strong>and</strong>ing craft air cushion (LCAC) operations,a code meaning operations over water.ferret-An aircraft, ship, or vehicle especiallyequipped for the detection, location, recording,<strong>and</strong> analyzing <strong>of</strong> electromagnetic radiation .few (raid size)-ln air intercept usage, seven orfewer aircraft. See also many (raid size).FEZ-See fighter engagement zone.FF -See frigate.. .FFG-See guided missile frigate.142
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>F-hour-See times.!:FID-See foreign internal defense.field army-Administrative <strong>and</strong> tactical organizationcomposed <strong>of</strong> a headquarters, certain organicArmy troops, service suppon troops, avariable number <strong>of</strong> corps, <strong>and</strong> a variable number<strong>of</strong> divisions. See also Army corps.field artillery-Equipment, supplies, ammunition,<strong>and</strong> personnel involved in the use <strong>of</strong> cannon,rocket, or surface-to-surface missile launchers.Field artillery cannons are classified accordingto caliber as:light-120mm <strong>and</strong> less.medium-121-160mm.heavy-161-210mm.very heavy-greater than 210mm.See also direct support artillery; generalsupport artillery.field artillery observer-A person who watchesthe effects <strong>of</strong> artillery fire, adjusts the center <strong>of</strong>impact <strong>of</strong> that fire onto a target, <strong>and</strong> reports theresults to the firing agency. See also navalgunfire spotting team; spotter.field control(*)-A series <strong>of</strong> points whose relativepositions <strong>and</strong> elevations are known. Thesepositions are used in basic data in mapping <strong>and</strong>charting. N onnally, these positions are establishedby survey methods, <strong>and</strong> are sometimesreferred to as "trig control" or "trigonometricalnet(work)." See also common control (artillery);control pop; ground control......field exercise(*)-A!r exercise conducted in thefield under simulated war conditions in whichtroops <strong>and</strong> armament <strong>of</strong> one side are actuallypresent, while those <strong>of</strong> the other side may beimaginary or in outline. See also comm<strong>and</strong>post exercise.field fortifications(*)-An emplacement or shelter<strong>of</strong> a temporary nature which can be constructedwith reasonable facility by units requiring nomore than minor engineer supervisory <strong>and</strong>·equipment participation.field headquarters-See comm<strong>and</strong> post.field <strong>of</strong> fare(*)-The area which a weapon or agroup <strong>of</strong> weapons may cover effectively withfire from a given position.field <strong>of</strong> view(*)-I. In photography, the angle· between two rays passing through the perspectivecenter (rear nodal point) <strong>of</strong> a camera lensto the two opposite sides <strong>of</strong> the format. Not tobe confused with "angle <strong>of</strong> view." See alsoiangle <strong>of</strong> view. 2. The total solid angle availableto the gunner when looking through thegunsight.field <strong>of</strong> vision(*)-The total solid angle availa leto the gunner from his or her normal positi .See also field <strong>of</strong> view.field press censorship-The security review <strong>of</strong>news material subject to the jurisdiction <strong>of</strong> theAnned Forces <strong>of</strong> the United States, includingall infonnation or material intended for disseminationto the public. See also censorship.fighter controller-See air controller.fighter cover(*)-The maintenance <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong>fighter aircraft over a specified area or forcefor the purpose <strong>of</strong> repelling hostile air activities.See also airborne alert; cover.fighter direction aircraft(*)-An aircraft equipped<strong>and</strong> manned for directing fighter aircraft. Seealso combat information ship.fighter direction ship(*)-A ship equipped <strong>and</strong>manned for directing fighter aircraft operations.See also combat information ship.fighter eugagement zone-See weapon engagementzone.143
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>fighter interceptor-sic interceptor.t .J.fighter sweep(*)-An~ffensive mission by fighteraircraft to seek out <strong>and</strong> destroy enemy aircraftor targets <strong>of</strong> opportunity in an allotted area <strong>of</strong>operations.Fighting Falcon-A single engine, supersonic,turb<strong>of</strong>an, all-weather multipurpose tacticalfighter /bomber. It is capable <strong>of</strong> employingnuclear/nonnuclear weapons. Air superiority isits primary mission with air interdiction <strong>and</strong>close air suppon as secondary. An air refuelingcapability increases its flexibility. Designatedas F-16.fighting load-Consists <strong>of</strong> items <strong>of</strong> individualclothing, equipment, weapons, <strong>and</strong> ammunitionthat are carried by, <strong>and</strong> are essential to, theeffectiveness <strong>of</strong> the combat soldier <strong>and</strong> theaccomplishment <strong>of</strong> the immediate mission <strong>of</strong>the unit when the soldier is on foot. See alsoexistence load.riller-A substance carried in an ammunitioncontainer such as a projectile, mine, bomb, orgrenade. A flller may be an explosive, chemical,or inen substance.filler personnel-Individuals <strong>of</strong>suitable grade <strong>and</strong>· skill initially required to bring a unit or organizationto its authorized strength.r11m badge(*)-A photographic fllm packet to becarried by personnel, in the form <strong>of</strong> a badge,for measuring 8Jld permanently recording(usually) gamma-~ dosage.·-,:•rllter(*)-In electronicS=, a device which transmitsonly part <strong>of</strong> the incident energy <strong>and</strong> may therebychange the spectral distribution <strong>of</strong> energy: a.High pass filters transmit energy above a144certain frequency; b. Low pass fllters transmitenergy below a certain frequency; c. B<strong>and</strong>pass filters transmit energy <strong>of</strong> a certain b<strong>and</strong>-width; d. B<strong>and</strong> stop filters transmit energyoutside a specific frequency b<strong>and</strong>.rllter center-The location in an aircraft control<strong>and</strong> warning system at which information fromobservation posts is filtered for funher disseminationto air defense control centers <strong>and</strong> airdefense direction centers.FIM-43-See Redeye.FIM-92A-See Stinger.final approach(*)-That part <strong>of</strong> an instrumentapproach procedure in which alignment <strong>and</strong>ldescent for l<strong>and</strong>ing are accomplished. a. In anon-precision approach it normally begins atthe fmal approach fix or point <strong>and</strong> ends atmissed approach point or fut. b. In a precsion approach the final approach commencesthe glide path intercept point <strong>and</strong> ends atdecision height/altitude.final destination(*)-In naval control <strong>of</strong> shipping,the fmal destination <strong>of</strong> a convoy or <strong>of</strong> anindividual ship (whether in convoy or independent)irrespective <strong>of</strong> whether or not routinginstructions have been issued.fmal disposal procedures-See explosive ordnancedisposal procedures. ·final plan(*)-A plan for which drafts have beencoordinated <strong>and</strong> approved <strong>and</strong> which has beensigned by or on behalf <strong>of</strong> a competent authority.See also operation plan.final protective ftre(*)-An immediately availableprearranged barrier <strong>of</strong> frre designed to impedeenemy movement across defensive lines orareas.financial property accounting-The establishment<strong>and</strong> maintenance <strong>of</strong> propeny accounts ].n mone. tary terms; the rendition <strong>of</strong> propeny :·,:.ports inmonetary terms.(\
••rJ.re(*)-1.The comm<strong>and</strong> given to discharge aweapon(s). 2. Tt~;detonate the main explosivecharge by means,.. f a firing system. 3. Seealso barrage ru-e; call ftre; close supportingfire; concentrated ftre; counterf"tre; counterpreparationftre; covering ftre; deep supportingftre; destruction ftre; clirect ftre; directsupporting rJ.re; distributed ftre; grazing ftre;harassing rtre; indirect r~.re; interdiction ftre;neutralization tire; observed rtre; preparationftre; radar fire; registration fire; scheduledrtre; searching rtre; supporting ru-e;suppressive ru-e; unobserved fire; zone fire.ru-eball(*)-The luminous sphere <strong>of</strong> hot gaseswhich fonns a few millionths <strong>of</strong> a second afterdetonation <strong>of</strong> a nuclear weapon <strong>and</strong> immediatelystans exp<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> cooling.ftre barrage (spedfy)-An order to deliver aprearranged barrier <strong>of</strong> fire. Specification <strong>of</strong> theparticular barrage may be by code name,numbering system, unit assignment, or otherdesignated means.Firebee-A remotely controlled target drone poweredby a turbojet engine. It achieves highsubsonic speeds <strong>and</strong> is designed to be ground. launched or air launched. It is used to test,train, <strong>and</strong> evaluate weapon systems employingsurface-to-air <strong>and</strong> air-to-air missiles. Designatedas BQM-34.ru-e capabilities chart(*)-A chart, usually in theform <strong>of</strong> an overlay, showing the areas whichcan be reached by the fire <strong>of</strong> the bulk <strong>of</strong> theweapons <strong>of</strong> a uniC. ,._fire control(*)-The~ontrol <strong>of</strong> all operations inconnection with the application <strong>of</strong> fire on atarget.rtre control radar(*)-Radar used to providetarget information inputs to a weapon firecontrol system.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>rtre control system(*)-A group <strong>of</strong> interrelatedfire control equipments <strong>and</strong>/or instrumentsdesigned for use with a weapon or group <strong>of</strong>weapons.ftre coordination-See ftre support coordination.r~.re coordination area(*)-An area with specifiedrestraints into which fires in excess <strong>of</strong> thoserestraints will not be delivered without approval<strong>of</strong> the authority establishing the restraints.fire direction center(*)-That element <strong>of</strong> a comm<strong>and</strong>post, consisting <strong>of</strong> gunnery <strong>and</strong> conununicationpersonnel <strong>and</strong> equipment, by means <strong>of</strong>which the comm<strong>and</strong>er exercises fire direction<strong>and</strong>/or fire control. The fire direction centerreceives target intelligence <strong>and</strong> requests forfire, <strong>and</strong> translates them into appropriate Iedirection.ru-e for etTect(*)-1. Fire which is delivered a erthe mean point <strong>of</strong> impact or burst is within thedesired distance <strong>of</strong> the target or adjusting/rangingpoint. 2. Term in a call for fire toindicate the adjustment/ranging is satisfactory<strong>and</strong> fire for effect is desired.fire mission(*)-!. Specific assignment given toa fire unit as pan <strong>of</strong> a defmite plan. 2. Orderused to alert the weapon/battery area <strong>and</strong>indicate that the message following is a call forfrre.fire plan(*)-A tactical plan for using the weapons<strong>of</strong> a unit or formation so that their fire will becoordinated.firepower(*)-!. The amount <strong>of</strong> fire which maybe delivered by a position, unit, or weaponsystem. 2. Ability to deliver fire.firepower umbrella(*)-An area <strong>of</strong> specifieddimensions defining the boundaries <strong>of</strong> the145
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>airspace over a naJcal force at sea within whichthe fire <strong>of</strong> shipf antiaircraft weapons canendanger aircraft; <strong>and</strong> within which specialprocedures have been established for the identification<strong>and</strong> operation <strong>of</strong> friendly aircraft. Seealso air defense operatioos area.rtre storm(*)-Stationary mass fire, generally inbuilt-up urban areas, generating strong, inrushingwinds from all sideS; the winds ~eep thefires from spreading while adding fresh oxygento increase their intensity.ftre support area(*)-An appropriate maneuverarea assigned to fire support ships from whichto deliver gunfire support <strong>of</strong> an amphibiousoperation. See also naval support area.ftre support coordinating measure-A measureemployed by l<strong>and</strong> or amphibious comm<strong>and</strong>ersto facilitate the rapid engagement <strong>of</strong> targets <strong>and</strong>simultaneously provide safeguards for friendlyforces. See also ftre support coordination.ftre support coordination(*)-The planning <strong>and</strong>executing <strong>of</strong> fire so that targets are adequatelycovered by a suitable weapon or group <strong>of</strong>weapons.ftre support coordination ceoter(•)-A singlelocation in which are centralized communicationsfacilities <strong>and</strong> personnel incident to thecoordination <strong>of</strong> all fonns <strong>of</strong> fire support. Seealso supporting arms coordination center.ftre support coo~tion line(•)-A line establishedby the app,~riate ground comm<strong>and</strong>er toensure coordinat~Qll <strong>of</strong> fire not under the comm<strong>and</strong>er'scontrol t>ut which may affect currenttactical operations. The fire support coordinationline is used to coordinate fires <strong>of</strong> air,ground, or sea weapons systems using any type<strong>of</strong> ammunition against surface targets. The firesupport coordination line should follow welldefinedterrain features. The establishment <strong>of</strong>the fire support coordination line must be146coordinated with the appropriate tactical aircomm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> other supporting elements.Supporting elements may attack targets forward<strong>of</strong> the fire support coordination line withoutprior coordination with the ground force comm<strong>and</strong>erprovided the attack will not produceadverse surface effects on or to the rear <strong>of</strong> theline. Attacks against surface targets behind thisline must be coordinated with the appropriateground force comm<strong>and</strong>er. Also called FSCL.ftre support group(*)-A temporary grouping <strong>of</strong>ships under a single comm<strong>and</strong>er charged withsupporting troop operations ashore by navalgunfire. A fire support group may be furthersubdivided into fire support units <strong>and</strong> firesupport elements.fftre support station-An exact location atwithin a fire support area from which asupport ship delivers fire.rtre task-See fire mission.fire time-See span <strong>of</strong> detonation (atomic demolitionmunition employment).firing area(*)-ln a sweeper-sweep combination itis the horizontal area at the depth <strong>of</strong> a particularmine in which the mine will detonate. Thefrring area has exactly the same dimensions asthe interception area but will lie astern <strong>of</strong> itunless the mine detonates immediately whenactuated.firing chart-Map, photo map, or grid sheetshowing the relative horizontal <strong>and</strong> verticalpositions <strong>of</strong> batteries, base points, base pointlines, check points, targets, <strong>and</strong> other detailsneeded in preparing firing data.firing drcuit(*)-1. In larid operations, an electricalcircuit <strong>and</strong>/or pyrotechnic loop designed todetonate connected charges from a firing :>~int.2. In naval mine warfare, that pan <strong>of</strong> a mineef\,
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>circuit which either completes the detonatorcircuit or operate~-a ship counter.-- l-flriDg mechanism-~ee ruing circuit.firiog point(*)-That point in the firing circuitwhere the device employed to initiate thedetonation <strong>of</strong> the charges is located.ruing system(*)-ln demolition, a system composed<strong>of</strong> elements designed to fire ~e maincharge or charges.fli'St generation negative-See generation (photography).first generation positive-See generation (photography).fli'St light-The beginning <strong>of</strong> morning nautical ·twilight; i.e., when the center <strong>of</strong> the morningsun is 12 degrees below the horizon.fli'St salvo at-In naval gunfire support, a portion<strong>of</strong> a ship's message to an observer or spotter toindicate that because <strong>of</strong> proximity to troops, theship will not fire at ·the target but <strong>of</strong>fset thefirst salvo a specific distance from the target.fli'St strike-The first <strong>of</strong>fensive move <strong>of</strong> a war.(Generally associated with nuclear operations.)FISINT -See foreign iDstnunentation signalsintelligence.fiSSion(*)-The process whereby the nucleus <strong>of</strong> aheavy element spJj&s into (generally) two nuclei<strong>of</strong> lighter elemen~ with the release <strong>of</strong> substantialamounts <strong>of</strong> e¥rgy. ·fiSSion products(*)-A general term for the complexmixture <strong>of</strong> substances produced as a result<strong>of</strong> nuclear fission.rJSSion to yield ratio(*)-The ratio <strong>of</strong> the yieldderived from nuclear fission to the total yield;it is frequently expressed in percent.fitted mine(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a minecontaining an explosive charge, a primer,detonator, <strong>and</strong> firing system. See also exerciserilled mine; explosive filled mine.fiX(*)-A position determined from terrestrial,electronic, or astronomical data.fiXed ammunition(*)-Ammunition in which thecartridge case is permanently attached to theprojectile. See also ammunition.fiXed capital property-I. Assets <strong>of</strong> a permanentcharacter having continuing value. 2. As usedin military establishments, includes real es,te<strong>and</strong> equipment installed or in use, either 1inproductive plants or in field operations. Sfonymouswith fiXed assets.fued medical treatment fadlity(*)-A medicaltreatment facility which is designed to operatefor an extended period <strong>of</strong> time at a specificsite.fixed port-Water terminals with an improvednetwork <strong>of</strong> cargo-h<strong>and</strong>ling facilities designedfor the transfer <strong>of</strong> oceangoing freight. See alsoport; water terminal.fixed price incentive contract-A fixed price type<strong>of</strong> contract with provision for the adjustment <strong>of</strong>pr<strong>of</strong>it <strong>and</strong> price by a formula based on therelationship that fmal negotiated total cost bearsto negotiated target cost as adjusted by approvedchanges.fixed price type contract-A type <strong>of</strong> contract thatgenerally provides for a firm price or, underappropriate circumstances, may provide for anadjustable price for the supplies or servicesbeing procured. Fixed price contracts are <strong>of</strong>147
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>several types so disigned as to facilitate properpricing under va4'ing circumstances.fixed station patroi(*)-One in which each scoutmaintains station relative to an assigned pointon a barrier line while searching the surroundingarea. Scouts are not stationary but remainunderway <strong>and</strong> patrol near the center <strong>of</strong> theirassigned stations. A scout is a surface ship,submarine, or aircraft.fiXer network(*)-A combination <strong>of</strong> radio or radardirection-finding installations which, operatingin conjunction, are capable <strong>of</strong> plotting theposition relative to the ground <strong>of</strong> an aircraft inflight.fiXer system-See fiXer network.flag days (red or green)-Red flag days are thoseduring which movement requirements cannotbe met; green flag days are those during whichthe requisite amount or a surplus <strong>of</strong> transportationcapability exists.flag <strong>of</strong>ficer-A term applied to an <strong>of</strong>ficer holdingthe rank <strong>of</strong> general, lieutenant general, majorgeneral, or brigadier general in the US Army,Air Force or Marine Corps or admiral, viceadmiral, rear admiral or commodore in the USNavy or Coast Guard.flame field expedients-Simple, h<strong>and</strong>made devicesused to produce flame or illumination.Dame thrower(*)-~weapon that projects incendiaryfuel <strong>and</strong> has iPI'OVision for ignition <strong>of</strong> thisfuel.--~flammable cargo-See inflammable cargo.Dank guard(*)-A security element operating tothe flanl: <strong>of</strong> a moving or stationary force toprotect :t from enemy ground observation,direct f,~·e, <strong>and</strong> surprise attack.flanking attack(*)-An <strong>of</strong>fensive maneuver directedat the· flank <strong>of</strong> an enemy. See also frontalattack.Dare(*)-The change in the flight path <strong>of</strong> anaircraft so as to reduce the rate <strong>of</strong> descent fortouchdown.Dare dud-A nuclear weapon that when launchedat a target, detonates with anticipated yield butat an altitude appreciably greater than intended.This is not a dud ins<strong>of</strong>ar as yield is concerned,but it is a dud with respect to the effects on thetarget <strong>and</strong> the normal operation <strong>of</strong> the weapon.Dash blindness(*)-Impairment <strong>of</strong> vision resultingfrom an intense flash <strong>of</strong> light. It includestemporary or permanent loss <strong>of</strong> visual functi~~<strong>and</strong> may be associated with retinal burns. ralso dazzle.Dash burn(*)-A bum caused by excessive exposure(<strong>of</strong> bare skin) to thermal radiation.Dash message-A category <strong>of</strong> precedence reservedfor initial enemy contact messages or operationalcombat messages <strong>of</strong> extreme urgency.Brevity is m<strong>and</strong>atory. See also precedence.Dash ranging-Finding the position <strong>of</strong> the burst <strong>of</strong>a projectile or <strong>of</strong> an enemy gun by observingits flash.Dash report-Not to be used. See inflight report.Dash suppressor(*)-Device attached to the muzzle<strong>of</strong> the weapon which reduces the amount <strong>of</strong>visible light or flash created by burning propellantgases.Oasb-t~bmg time(•)-The time from light beingfll'St observed until the sound <strong>of</strong> the nucleardetonation is heard.Dat(*)-In photography, lacking in contrast.'148
.·,"flatted cargo-Carg
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>flight path(*)-The line connecting the successivepositions occupied, !or to be occupied, by anaircraft, missile, o~j.pace vehicle as it movesthrough air or spa~·flight plan(*)-Specified information provided toair traffic services units relative to an intendedflight or ponion <strong>of</strong> a flight <strong>of</strong> an aircraft.flight plan correlation-A means <strong>of</strong> identifyingaircraft by association with known flight p~ans.flight pr<strong>of</strong>ile(*)-The flight path <strong>of</strong> an aircraftexpressed in terms <strong>of</strong> altitude, speed, range,<strong>and</strong> maneuver.flight quarters-A ship configuration that assigns<strong>and</strong> stations personnel at critical positions toconduct safe flight operations.Oight readiness ruiDg-A missile system test <strong>of</strong>shon duration conducted with the propulsionsystem operating while the missile is secured tothe launcher. Such a test is performed todetermine the readiness <strong>of</strong> the missile system<strong>and</strong> launch facilities prior to flight test.Dight surgeon(*)-A physician specially trained inaviator medical practice whose primary duty isthe medical examination <strong>and</strong> medical care <strong>of</strong>aircrew.flight test(*)-Test <strong>of</strong> an aircraft, rocket, ~ile,or other vehicle by actual flight or launching.Flight tests are planned to achieve specific testobjectives <strong>and</strong> gain operational information.flight visibility-The averai forward horizo~distance from the cockpi~ _Qf an aircraft in flightat which prominent unliPted objects may beseen <strong>and</strong> identified by day <strong>and</strong> prominentlighted objects may be seen <strong>and</strong> identified bynight.floating base support(*)-A form <strong>of</strong> .logisticsupport in which supplies, repairs, mainte-ISOnance, <strong>and</strong> other services are provided inharbor or at an anchorage for operating forcesfrom ships.floating dump-Emergency supplies preloaded inl<strong>and</strong>ing craft, amphibious vehicles, or in l<strong>and</strong>ingships. Floating dumps are located in thevicinity <strong>of</strong> the appropriate control <strong>of</strong>ficer whodirects· their l<strong>and</strong>ing as requested by the troopcomm<strong>and</strong>er concerned.Doating mine(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a minevisible on the surface. See also drifti.Dg mine;free mine; watching mine; mine.floating reserve(*)-ln an amphibious operation,reserve troops which remain embarked untilneeded. See also general reserve.Dooder(•)-In naval mine warfare, a device fined \to a buoyant mine which, on operation after a .preset time, floods the mine case <strong>and</strong> causes itto sink to the bottom.FLOT -see forward line <strong>of</strong> own troops.ftotation(*)-The capability <strong>of</strong> a vehicle to float inwater.FLS-See Naval Forward Logistics Site.Oyfmg) at speed-In air intercept, a code meaning,"Fly at (mach _1 __) indicated air speed,"or, "My indicated air speed is L knots/mach__)."FM-see force module.FMC-see full mission capable.FMP-see Ioree module package.FMS-See foreign miUtary sales.'. ·~1\'I
..foam path-A path 9f fire extinguisher foam laidon a runway to ai.sist aircraft in an emergencyl<strong>and</strong>ing. i.FOB-See forward operations base.focal length-See calibrated foc:allengtb; equivalentfocal length; nomiDal focal length.focal plane(*)-The plane, perpendicular to theoptical axis <strong>of</strong> the lens, in which images <strong>of</strong>points in the object field <strong>of</strong> the lenS are focused.FOD-See foreign object damage.folded optics(*)-Any optical system containingreflecting components for the purpose <strong>of</strong> reducingthe physical length <strong>of</strong> the system or for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> changing the path <strong>of</strong> the opticalaxis.follow-up-In amphibious operations, the l<strong>and</strong>ing<strong>of</strong> reinforcements <strong>and</strong> stores after the assault<strong>and</strong> assault · follow-on echelons have beenl<strong>and</strong>ed. See also assault; assault follow-onechelon.follow-up echelon(*)-In air transport operations,elements moved into the objective area after theassault echelon.follow-up sbipping-8hips not originally a part <strong>of</strong>the amphibious task force but which delivertroops <strong>and</strong> supplies to the objective area afterthe assault phase has begun.force-1. An_aggr4mon <strong>of</strong> military personnel,weapon sys~vehicles <strong>and</strong> necessary support,or combination there<strong>of</strong>. 2. A majorsubdivision <strong>of</strong> a fleet.force dosure-The point in time when a supportedcomm<strong>and</strong>er determines that sufficient personnel<strong>and</strong> equipment resources are in the assignedarea <strong>of</strong> operations to carry out assigned tasks.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>force combat air patrol-A patrol <strong>of</strong> fightersmaintained over the task force to destroy enemyaircraft that threaten the force. See alsocombat air patrol •force list-A total list <strong>of</strong> forces required by anoperation plan, including assigned forces,augmentation forces, <strong>and</strong> other forces to beemployed in support <strong>of</strong> the plan.force module-A grouping <strong>of</strong> combat, combatsupport, <strong>and</strong> combat service support forces,with their accompanying supplies <strong>and</strong> therequired nonunit resupply <strong>and</strong> personnel necessaryto sustain forces for a minimum <strong>of</strong> 30days. The elements <strong>of</strong> force modules arelinked together or are uniquely identified sothat they may be extracted from or adjusted asan entity in the <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning *dExecution System data bases to enhance fl i-bility <strong>and</strong> usefulness <strong>of</strong> the operation <strong>and</strong>uring a crisis. Also called FM. See. s<strong>of</strong>orce module package.force module package-A force module with aspecific functional orientation (e.g. air superiority,close air support, reconnaissance, grounddefense) that include combat, associated combatsupport, <strong>and</strong> combat service support forces.Additionally, force module packages willcontain sustainment in a~rdance with logisticpolicy contained in <strong>Joint</strong> Strategic CapabilitiesPlan Annex B. Also called FMP. See als<strong>of</strong>orce module.force multiplier-A capability that, when added to<strong>and</strong> employed by a combat force, significantlyincreases the combat potential <strong>of</strong> that force <strong>and</strong>thus enhances the probability <strong>of</strong> successfulmission accomplishment.force protection-security program designed toprotect soldiers, civilian employees, familymembers, facilities, <strong>and</strong> equipment, in alllocations <strong>and</strong> situations, accomplished throughplanned <strong>and</strong> integrated application <strong>of</strong> combat-151
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>;.ting terrorism, ptWsical security, operationssecurity, personali-protective services, <strong>and</strong>supported by intelligence, counterintelligence,<strong>and</strong> other security programs.force rendezvous(*)-A checkpoint at whichformations <strong>of</strong> aircraft or ships join <strong>and</strong> becomepart <strong>of</strong> the main force. Also called grouprendezvous.force requirement number-An alphanumericcode used to uniquely identify force entries ina given operation plan time-phased force <strong>and</strong>deployment data. Also called FRN.airborne force; air transportedforce; ·armed forces; balanced collectiveforces; black forces; blue forces; combinedforce; covering force; forces allocated toNATO; garrison force; national forces forthe defense <strong>of</strong> the NATO area; NATO assignedforces; NATO comm<strong>and</strong> forces;NATO earmarked forces; Navy Cargo H<strong>and</strong>lingForce; orange forces; other forces forNATO; purple forces; task force; underwayreplenishment force; white forces.force(s)-S~forces in being(*)-Forces classified as being instate <strong>of</strong> readiness "A" or "B" as prescribed inthe appropriate ~ilitary Committee document.force sourcing-The identification <strong>of</strong> the actualunits, their origins, ports <strong>of</strong> embarkation, <strong>and</strong>movement characteristics to satisfy the timephasedforce requirements <strong>of</strong> a supportedcomm<strong>and</strong>er. _. tforce structure-See·-1!iJitary capability....force tabs-With reference to war plans, thestatement <strong>of</strong> time-phased deployments <strong>of</strong> majorcombat units by major comm<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> geographicalareas.force tracking-The identification <strong>of</strong> units <strong>and</strong>their specific modes <strong>of</strong> transport during movementto an objective area.fordabillty-See deep fording; shallow fording.foreign instnonentation signals intelligence-Teclmical information <strong>and</strong> intelligence informationderived from the intercept <strong>of</strong> foreigninstrumentation signals by other than the intendedrecipients. Foreign instrumentationsignals intelligence is a category <strong>of</strong> signalsintelligence. Note: Foreign instrumentationsignals include but are not limited to signalsfrom telemetry, beaconry, electronic interrogators,tracking/fusing/anning/firing comm<strong>and</strong>systems, <strong>and</strong> video data links. Also calledFISINT. See also telemetry intelligenc'signals intelligence. 1foreign intelligenc:e-lnformation relating £capabilities, intentions, <strong>and</strong> activities <strong>of</strong> foreignpowers, organizations, or persons, but notincluding counterintelligence, except for informationon international terrorist activities. Seealso intelligence.foreign internal defense-Participation by civilian<strong>and</strong> military agencies <strong>of</strong> a government in any<strong>of</strong> the action programs taken by another governmentto free <strong>and</strong> protect its society fromsubversion, lawlessness, <strong>and</strong> insurgency. Alsocalled FID. See also internal defense.foreign military sales-That portion <strong>of</strong> . UnitedStates security assistance authorized by theForeign Assistance Act <strong>of</strong> 1961, as amended,<strong>and</strong> the Arms Export Control Act <strong>of</strong> 1976, asamended. This assistance differs from the<strong>Military</strong> Assistance Program <strong>and</strong> the International<strong>Military</strong> Education <strong>and</strong> Training Programin that the recipient provides reimbursement fordefense artiCles <strong>and</strong> services transferred. Alsocalled FMS.152('\:
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>41'foreign military saiis trainees-Foreign nationalsreceiving traimnl·conducted by the Department<strong>of</strong> Defense on ..a reimbursable basis, at thecountry's request.foreign object damage-Rags, pieces <strong>of</strong> paper,line, articles <strong>of</strong> clothing, nuts, bolts, or toolsthat, when misplaced or caught by air currentsnormally found around aircraft operations (jetblast, rotor or prop wash, engine intake), causedamage to aircraft systems or weapons orinjury to personnel. Also called FOD.form lines(*)-Lines resembling contours, butrepresenting no actual elevations, which havebeen sketched from visual observation or frominadequate or unreliable map sources, to showcollectively the configuration <strong>of</strong> the terrain.forward aeromedical evacuation(*)-That phase<strong>of</strong> evacuation which provides airlift for patientsbetween points within the battlefield, from thebattlefield to the initial point <strong>of</strong> treatment, <strong>and</strong>to subsequent points <strong>of</strong> treatment within thecombat zone.format(*)-I. In photography, the size <strong>and</strong>/or·shape <strong>of</strong> a negative or <strong>of</strong> the print therefrom.2. In cartography, the shape <strong>and</strong> size <strong>of</strong> a mapor chan.formation(*)-!. An ordered arrangement <strong>of</strong>troops <strong>and</strong>/or vehicles for a specific purpose.2. An ordered arrangement <strong>of</strong> two or moreships, units, or aircraft proceeding togetherunder a comm<strong>and</strong>er.formatted message text(*)-A message text composed<strong>of</strong> several sets ordered in a specifiedsequence, each set characterized by an identifier<strong>and</strong> containing infonnation <strong>of</strong> a specifiedtype, coded <strong>and</strong> arranged in an ordered sequence<strong>of</strong> character fields in accordance withthe NATO message text formatting rules. It isdesigned to permit both manual <strong>and</strong> automatedh<strong>and</strong>ling <strong>and</strong> processing. See also free formmessage text; structured message text.formerly restricted data-Information removedfrom the Resujed Data category upon a jointdetermination b~ the Department <strong>of</strong> Energy (orantecedent agedcies) <strong>and</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Defensethat such information relates primarily tothe military utilization <strong>of</strong> atomic weapons <strong>and</strong>that such infonnation can be adequately safeguardedas classified defense information.(Section 142d, Atomic Energy Act <strong>of</strong> 1954, asamended.) See also restricted data.forward air controller-An <strong>of</strong>ficer (aviator/pilot)member <strong>of</strong> the tactical air· control party who,from a forward ground or airbOrne position,controls aircraft in close air suppon <strong>of</strong> groundtroops.tforward air control post-A highly mobile! USAir Force tactical air control system rldarfacility subordinate to the control <strong>and</strong> repolingcenter <strong>and</strong>/or post used to extend radar coverage<strong>and</strong> control in the forward combat area.forward area-An area in proximity to combat.forward arming <strong>and</strong> refueling point-A temporaryfacility, organized, equipped, <strong>and</strong> deployedby an aviation comm<strong>and</strong>er, <strong>and</strong> normallylocated in the main battle area closer to thearea <strong>of</strong> operation than the aviation unit's combatservice area, to provide fuel <strong>and</strong> ammunitionnecessary for the employment <strong>of</strong> aviationmaneuver units in combat. The forward arming<strong>and</strong> refueling point permits combat aircraftto rapidly refuel <strong>and</strong> rearm simultaneously.Also called F ARP.forward edge <strong>of</strong> the battle area(*)-The foremostlimits <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> areas in which groundcombat units are deployed, excluding the areasin which the covering or screening forces areoperating, designated to coordinate fire suppan,the positioning <strong>of</strong> forces, or the maneuver<strong>of</strong> units. Also called FEBA.153
11<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>1,!'\ .1forward line <strong>of</strong> own troops-A line which indicatesthe most forilard positions <strong>of</strong> friendlyforces in any kind;>f"·military operation at aspecific time. The .. ~rward line <strong>of</strong> own troopsnormally identifies the forward location <strong>of</strong>covering <strong>and</strong> screening forces. Also calledFLOT.forward motion compeusation-See image motioncompensation.forward oblique air photograph-Oblique photography<strong>of</strong> the terrain ahead <strong>of</strong> the aircraft.forward observer-An. observer operating withfront line troops <strong>and</strong> trained to adjust ground ornaval gunfire <strong>and</strong> pass back battlefield information.In the absence <strong>of</strong> a forward air controller,the observer may control close air supponstrikes. See also spotter.forward operations base-In special operations, abase usually located in friendly territory orafloat that is established to extend comm<strong>and</strong><strong>and</strong> control or communications or to providesuppon for training <strong>and</strong> tactical operations.Facilities may be established for temporary orlonger duration operations <strong>and</strong> may include anairfield or an unimproved airstrip, an anchorage,or a pier. A forward operations base maybe the location <strong>of</strong> special operations componentheadquaners or a smaller unit that is controlled<strong>and</strong>/or supponed by a main operations base.Also called FOB. See also advanced operationsbase; main operations base.forward tell(*)-The transfer <strong>of</strong> information to ahigher level <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>. See also tracktelliDg.four-round illumination diamond(*)-A method<strong>of</strong> distributing the fire <strong>of</strong> illumination shellswhich, by a combination <strong>of</strong> lateral spread <strong>and</strong>range spread, provides illumination <strong>of</strong> a largearea.fox away-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Missilehas fired or been released from aircraft."fragmentary order-An abbreviated fonn <strong>of</strong> anoperation order, usually issued on a day-to-daybasis, that eliminates the need for restatinginformation contained in a basic operationorder. It may be issued in sections.frame(*)-In photography, any single exposurecontained within a continuous sequence <strong>of</strong>photographs.freak-In air intercept usage, a word meaningfrequency in megacycles.freclcUe-In air intercept usage, a controlling unit.free air anomaly-The difference between observedgravity <strong>and</strong> theoretical gravity that basbeen computed for latitude <strong>and</strong> corrected forelevation <strong>of</strong> the station above or below thegeoid, by application <strong>of</strong> the normal rate <strong>of</strong>change <strong>of</strong> gravity for change <strong>of</strong> elevation, as infree air.t 1\1D 111~ 11111111111forward overlap-See overlapt-~forward recovery mission prome-A .missionpr<strong>of</strong>ile that involves the reecWery <strong>of</strong> an aircraftat a neutral/friendly forward area airfield orl<strong>and</strong>ing site.forward slope(*)-Any slope .which descendstowards the enemy.free air overpressure(*)-The unreflected pressure,in excess <strong>of</strong> the ambient atmosphericpressure, created in the air by the blast wavefrom an explosion. See also overpressure.free drop(*)-The dropping <strong>of</strong> equipmentsupplies from an aircraft without the usparachutes. See also airdrop; air moverfree fall; high velocity drop; low vdrop.Jty154
...free faD-A parachute maneuver iD which theparachute is manually activated at the discretion<strong>of</strong> the jumper or automatically at a presetaltitude. See also airdrop; air movemeat;free drop; high velocity drop; low velocitydrop.free field overpressure-;&e free air Rerplessare.free form message tatt-)-A message text withoutprescribed format arrangements. · It isintended for fast drafting as weD as manual. baDdling <strong>and</strong> processing. See also fonaattedmessap tat; structured messaae tat.free issue-Materiel provided for use or COIISUIDptionwithout charge to the fund or fuDd subdivisionthat finances the activity to which issued.free laace-ln air illtercept, • code meani"',·self-control <strong>of</strong> aircraft is bei1J1 employed.·free mlae(*)-ln mval mille warfare, a mooredmine whose mooring bas paned or been cut.free play aerdse(*)-AD exercise to teat tbecapabilities <strong>of</strong>· forces UDder sinnllated CODtiDpncyIDdlor wartime cooditioos, limited onlyby those anificialities or restrictious requiredby peacetime safety regulatioDS. See. alsocoatroDed aerdse.free rocket
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>froutr')-1. The lateral space occupied by anelement measured from the extremity <strong>of</strong> oneflarik to the exuemity <strong>of</strong> the other flaDk. 2.The direction <strong>of</strong> the enemy. 3. The line <strong>of</strong>contact <strong>of</strong> two opposing forces. 4. When acombat situation does not exist or is not assumed,the direction toward which the commaudis faced.froDtal attack
.- ..j.--gadget-Radar equi~ent. (Type <strong>of</strong> equipmentmay be indicated by a letter as listed in operationorders.) May be followed by a color toindicate state <strong>of</strong> jamming. Colors will be usedas follows: a. green-Clear <strong>of</strong> januning. b.amber-Sector partially jammed. c. red-Sectorcompletely jammed. d. blue-Completelyjammed.Galaxy-A large cargo transport aircraft poweredby four turb<strong>of</strong>an engines, capable <strong>of</strong> carryinga very large payload (including outsize cargo<strong>and</strong> personnel) into forward area air fields. Itfurther is capable <strong>of</strong> refueling in flight. DesignatedC-5.G<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>be referenced to a l<strong>and</strong>mark or intermediatemarker. See also marker.garble-An error in transmission, reception,encryption, or decryption that changes the text<strong>of</strong> a message or any portion there<strong>of</strong> in such amaimer that it is incorrect or undecryptable.garnishing{*)-ln surveillance, natural or artificialmaterial applied to an object to achieve orassist camouflage.garrison force{*)-All units assigned to a base orarea for defense, development, operation, <strong>and</strong>maintenance <strong>of</strong> facilities. See also force(s).gamma rays-High energy electromagnetic radiationemitted from atomic nuclei during a nuclearreaction. Gamma rays <strong>and</strong> very high energyX-rays differ only in origin. X-rays do notoriginate from atomic nuclei but are producedin other ways.gap{*)-An area within a minefield or obstaclebelt, free <strong>of</strong> live mines or .obstacles, whosewidth <strong>and</strong> direction will allow a friendly forceto pass through in tactical fonnation. See alsophoney minefield.gap rdler radar{*)-A radar used to supplementthe coverage <strong>of</strong> the principal radar in areaswhere coverage is inadequate.gap {imagery)-An~ space where imagery fails tomeet minimum -t.overage requirements. Thismight be a sp~ not covered by imagery or aspace where tli~- minimum specified overlapwas not obtained. See also holiday.gap marker{*)-ln l<strong>and</strong>mine warfare, markersused to indicate a minefield gap. Gap markersat the entrance to, <strong>and</strong> exit from, the gap willgate-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Flylat. maximum possible speed (or power)." (T~·bemaintained for a limited time only, depend ngon type <strong>of</strong> aircraft. Use <strong>of</strong> afterburners, r kets, etc., in accordance with local doctrine.)general agency agreement-A contract betweenthe Maritime Administration <strong>and</strong> a steamshipcompany which, as general agent, exercisesadministrative control over a governmentownedship for employment by the <strong>Military</strong>Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>. See also <strong>Military</strong> SealiftComm<strong>and</strong>.general air cargo{*)-Cargo without hazardous ordangerous properties <strong>and</strong> not requiring extraprecautions for air transport.general <strong>and</strong> complete disarmament-Reductions<strong>of</strong> armed forces <strong>and</strong> armaments by all states tolevels required for internal security <strong>and</strong> for aninternational peace force. Connotation is "totaldisarmament" by all states.general cargo-Cargo which is susceptible forloading in general, nonspecialized stowage157
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>;.areas; e.g., boxes.j-barrels, bales, crates, packages,bundles, anc!-pallets.general map-A map <strong>of</strong> small scale used forgeneral planning purposes. See also map.general military intelligence-Intelligence concerningthe ( 1) military capabilities <strong>of</strong> foreigncountries or organizations or (2) topics affectingpotential US or allied military operations,relating to the following subjects: anned forcescapabilities, including order <strong>of</strong> battle, organization,training, tactics, doctrine, strategy, <strong>and</strong>other factors bearing on military strength <strong>and</strong>effectiveness; area <strong>and</strong> terrain intelligence,including urban areas, coasts <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ingbeaches, <strong>and</strong> meteorological, oceanographic,<strong>and</strong> geological intelligence; transportation in allmodes; military materiel production <strong>and</strong> supportindustries; military <strong>and</strong> civilian C3 systems;military economics, including foreignmilitary assistance; insurgency <strong>and</strong> terrorism;military-political-sociological intelligence;location, identification, <strong>and</strong> description <strong>of</strong>military-related installations; governmentcontrol; escape <strong>and</strong> evasion; <strong>and</strong> threats <strong>and</strong>forecasts. (Excludes scientific <strong>and</strong> technicalintelligence.) Also called GMI. See alsointelligence; military intelligence.general orders-I. Permanent instructions, issuedin order form, that apply to all members <strong>of</strong> acomm<strong>and</strong>, as compared with special orders,which affect only individuals or small groups.General orders are usually concerned withmatters <strong>of</strong> policy ter administration. 2. Aseries <strong>of</strong> permaneit. guard orders that governthe duties <strong>of</strong> a semty on post.~general purcbasiDg agents-Agents who havebeen appointed in the principal overseas areas<strong>of</strong> operations to supervise, control, coordinate,negotiate, <strong>and</strong> develop the local procurement <strong>of</strong>supplies, services, <strong>and</strong> facilities by UnitedStates Armed Forces, in order that the most158effective utilization may be made <strong>of</strong> localresources <strong>and</strong> production.general quarters-A condition <strong>of</strong> readiness whennaval action is inuninent. All battle stationsare fully manned <strong>and</strong> alen; ammunition isready for instant loading; guns <strong>and</strong> guidedmissile launchers may be loaded.general rese"e(•)-Reserve <strong>of</strong> troops under thecontrol <strong>of</strong> the overall comm<strong>and</strong>er. See alsoOoating rese"e.general stafT-A group <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficers in the headquarters<strong>of</strong> Army or Marine divisions, Marinebrigades <strong>and</strong> aircraft wings, or similar or largerunits that assist their comm<strong>and</strong>ers in planning,coordinating, <strong>and</strong> supervising operations. ~general staff may consist <strong>of</strong> four or ml· principal functional sections: personnel (G-1 ,military intelligence (G-2), operationstraining (G-3), logistics (G-4), <strong>and</strong> (in Armyorganizations) civil affairs/military government(G-5). (A particular section may be added oreliminated by the comm<strong>and</strong>er, dependent uponthe need that has been demonstrated.) Thecomparable Air Force staff is found in the wing<strong>and</strong> larger units, with sections designatedPersonnel, Operations, etc. G-2 Air <strong>and</strong> G-3Air are Army <strong>of</strong>ficers assigned to G-2 or G-3at division, corps, <strong>and</strong> Army headquarters levelwho assist in planning <strong>and</strong> coordinating jointoperations <strong>of</strong> ground <strong>and</strong> air units. Navalstaffs ordinarily are not organized on theselines, but when they are, they are designatedN-1, N-2, etc. Similarly, a joint staff may bedesignated J-1, J-2, etc. In Army brigades <strong>and</strong>smaller units <strong>and</strong> in Marine Corps units smallerthan a brigade or aircraft wing, staff sectionsare designated S-1, S-2, etc., with correspondingduties; referred to as a unit staff in theArmy <strong>and</strong> as an executive staff in the MarineCorps. See also stalT.general stopping power(•)-The percentage <strong>of</strong> agroup <strong>of</strong> vehicles in battle formation likely to(\1\,
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>be stopped by miues when attempting to cross,.a minefield. J~ '· __.i. . ..general support(*J.:That support which is givento the supported force as.-a whole <strong>and</strong> not toany panicular subdivision there<strong>of</strong>. See alsoclose support; direct support; mutual support;support. ..· ·.. --·general support artillery(*)-Artillery whichexecutes the fire directed by the colllll)allder <strong>of</strong>the unit to which it organically belongs or isattached. It fires in support <strong>of</strong> the operation asa whole rather than in ·support <strong>of</strong> a specificsubordinate unit.general support-reinforcing-A tactical artillerymission. General support-reinforcing artilleryhas the mission <strong>of</strong> supporting the force as awhole <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> providing::. reinforcing fires foranother artillery unit.general support rocket system-A multiple rocketlauncher system that supplements cannonartillery by delivery <strong>of</strong> large quantities <strong>of</strong>firepower in a short time against critical,time-sensitive targets.general unloading period(*)-ln amphibiousoperations, that part <strong>of</strong> the ship-to-shore movementin which unloading is primarily logistic incharacter, <strong>and</strong> emphasizes speed <strong>and</strong> volume <strong>of</strong>unloading operations. It encompasses theunloading <strong>of</strong> units <strong>and</strong> cargo from the ships asrapidly as facilities on the beach permit. Itproceeds without regard to class, type, orpriority <strong>of</strong> cargt, as permitted by cargo h<strong>and</strong>lingfacilities dhore. See also initial unloadingperiod.-_-;_:-...·general war-Anned conflict between majorpowers in which the total resources <strong>of</strong> thebelligerents are employed, <strong>and</strong> the nationalsurvival <strong>of</strong> a major belligerent is in jeopardy.generation (photography)-The preparation <strong>of</strong>successive positive/negative reproductions froman original negative/positive (first-generation).For example, the first positive produced froman original negative is a second-generationproduct; the negative made from this positive isa third-generation product; <strong>and</strong> the next positiveor print from that negative is a fourth-generationproduct .geodetic datum-See datum (geodetic).geographic coordinates(*)-The quantities <strong>of</strong>latitude <strong>and</strong> longitude which define the position<strong>of</strong> a point on the surface <strong>of</strong> the Earth withrespect to the reference spheroid. See alsocoordinates.geographic reference points-A means <strong>of</strong>in,d' ting position, usually expressed either as do leletters or as code words that are establish inoperation orders or by other means.georef(*)-A worldwide position reference systemthat may be applied to any map or chart graduatedin latitude <strong>and</strong> longitude regardless <strong>of</strong>projection. It is a method <strong>of</strong> expressing latitude<strong>and</strong> longitude in a form suitable for rapidreporting <strong>and</strong> plotting. (This term is derivedfrom the words "The World Geographic ReferenceSystem.")glide bomb-A bomb fitted with airfoils to providelift <strong>and</strong> which is carried <strong>and</strong> released in thedirection <strong>of</strong> a target by an airplane.glide mode-In a flight control system, a controlmode in which an aircraft is automaticaliypositioned to the center <strong>of</strong> the glide slopecourse.GMI-See general military intelligence.go around mode-In an automatic flight controlsystem, a control mode which terminates an159
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>aircraft approach ~d programs a climb. Seealso overshoot. }.goldie-The tenn, peculiar to air suppon radarteam operations, indicating that the aircraftautomatic flight-control system <strong>and</strong> ground-controlbombing system are engaged <strong>and</strong> awaitingelectronic ground control conun<strong>and</strong>s.goldie lock-The tenn, peculiar to air ~upponradar team operations, indicating ground controllerhas electronic control <strong>of</strong> the aircraft.go no-go(*)-The condition or state <strong>of</strong> operability<strong>of</strong> a component or system: "go," functioningproperly; or "no-go," not functioning properly.government-owned, contract-operated shipsThose ships to which the US Government holdstitle <strong>and</strong> which the <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Conun<strong>and</strong>operates under a contract (i.e., nongovernment-manned). These ships are designated UnitedStates Naval Ships <strong>and</strong> use the prefix "USNS"with the ship name <strong>and</strong> the letter "T" as aprefix to the ship classification (e.g., T-AKR).See also <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>; UnitedStates Naval Ship.government-owned, Mllitary Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>operatedships-Those ships to which the USGovernment holds title <strong>and</strong> which the <strong>Military</strong>Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong> operates with US Government(civil service) employees. These shipsare designated United States Naval Ships <strong>and</strong>use the prefiX "USNS" with the ship name <strong>and</strong>the letter "T" as a Jpfix to the ship classification(e.g., T-AKR);::See also Mllitary SealiftComm<strong>and</strong>; U~-'tates Naval Ship.gradient drcuit(*)-In mine warfare, a circuitwhich is actuated when the rate <strong>of</strong> change, withtime, <strong>of</strong> the magnitude <strong>of</strong> the influence iswithin predetermined limits.gr<strong>and</strong> slam-All enemy aircraft originally sightedare shot down.graphic(*)-Any <strong>and</strong> all products <strong>of</strong> the canographic<strong>and</strong> photogranunetric an. A graphicmay be a map, chan, or mosaic or even a filmstrip that was produced using canographictechniques.graphic scale(*)-A graduated line by means <strong>of</strong>which distances on the map, chan, or photographmay be measured in terms <strong>of</strong> grounddistance. See also scale.grapnel(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a device fittedto a mine mooring designed to grapple thesweep wire when the mooring is cut.gratic:ule(*)-1. In cartography, a network <strong>of</strong>lines representing the Earth's parallels <strong>of</strong>jlatitude <strong>and</strong> meridians <strong>of</strong> longitude. 2. I•imagery interpretation, see reticle.gratic:ule ticks(*)-In cartography, short linindicating where selected meridians <strong>and</strong> parallelsintersect.graves registration-Supervision <strong>and</strong> execution <strong>of</strong>matters permhting to the identification, removal,<strong>and</strong> burial <strong>of</strong> the dead, <strong>and</strong> collection <strong>and</strong>processing <strong>of</strong> their effects. See also burial.gravity extraction(*)-The extraction <strong>of</strong> cargoesfrom the aircraft by influence <strong>of</strong> their ownweight. See also extraction parachute.graze(*)-ln anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire support, aspotting, or an observation, by a spotter or anobserver to indicate that all bursts occurred onimpact.grazing fire(*)-Fire approximately parallel to theground where the center <strong>of</strong> the cone <strong>of</strong> firedoes not rise above one meter from the ground.See also fire.Greenwich Mean Time-See Universal Time.Also called GMT. (NATO: See ZULU time.)160
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>grey propag<strong>and</strong>a-Propag<strong>and</strong>a that does notspecifically iden!ify any source. See alsopropag<strong>and</strong>a. _,-!-grid-1. Two sets <strong>of</strong> parallel lines intersecting atright angles <strong>and</strong> forming squares; the grid issuperimposed on maps, chans, <strong>and</strong> othersimilar representations <strong>of</strong> the Earth's surface inan accurate <strong>and</strong> consistent manner to permitidentification <strong>of</strong> ground locations with respectto other locations <strong>and</strong> the computation <strong>of</strong>direction <strong>and</strong> distance to other points. 2. Aterm used in giving the location <strong>of</strong> a geographicpoint by grid coordinates. See also militarygrid; military grid reference system.grid bearing-Bearing measured from grid north.grid convergence-The horizontal angle at a placebetween true north <strong>and</strong> grid north. It is proponionalto the longitude difference betweenthe place <strong>and</strong> the central meridian. See alsoconvergence.grid convergence factor(*)-The ratio <strong>of</strong> the gridconvergence angle to the longitude difference.In the Lamben Conical Orthomorphic projection,this ratio is constant for all charts basedon the same two st<strong>and</strong>ard parallels. See alsoconstant <strong>of</strong> the cone; convergence; gridconvergence.grid coordinates(*)-Coordinates <strong>of</strong> a grid coordinatesystem to which numbers <strong>and</strong> letters areassigned for use in designating a point on agridded map, photograph, or chan. See alsocoordinates. _t.....grid coordinate --sjstem(*)-A plane-rectangularcoordinate system usually based on, <strong>and</strong> mathematicallyadjusted to, a map projection in orderthat geographic positions (latitudes <strong>and</strong> longitudes)may be readily transformed into planecoordinates <strong>and</strong> the computations relating tothem may be made by the ordinary method <strong>of</strong>plane surveying. See also coordinates.grid interval(*)-The distance represented betweenthe lines <strong>of</strong> a grid.grid magnetic angle(*)-Angular difference indirection between grid north <strong>and</strong> magneticnorth. It is measured east or west from gridnorth. Grid magnetic angle is sometimes calledgrivation <strong>and</strong>/or grid variation.grid navigation(*)-A method <strong>of</strong> navigation usinga grid overlay for direction reference. See alsonavigational grid.grid north(*)-The northerly or zero directionindicated by the grid datum <strong>of</strong> directionalreference.grid ticks(*)-Small marks on the neatline <strong>of</strong> amap or chan indicating additional grid rfrencesystems included on that sheet. Grid lcsare sometimes shown on the interior grid 1 es<strong>of</strong> some maps for ease <strong>of</strong> referencing. _grid variation-See grid magnetic angle.grivation-See grid magnetic angle.gross error-A nuclear weapon detonation at sucha distance from the desired ground zero as tocause no nuclear damage to the target.grossly transportation feasible-A determinationmade by the supponed comm<strong>and</strong>er that a draftoperation plan can be supponed with the apportionedtransportation assets. This determinationis made by using a transportation feasibilityestimator to simulate movement <strong>of</strong> personnel<strong>and</strong> cargo from pon <strong>of</strong> embarkation to pon <strong>of</strong>debarkation within a specified time frame.gross weight(*)-1. Weight <strong>of</strong> a vehicle, fullyequipped <strong>and</strong> serviced for operation, includingthe weight <strong>of</strong> the fuel, lubricants, coolant,vehicle tools <strong>and</strong> spares, crew, personal equipment,<strong>and</strong> load. 2. Weight <strong>of</strong> a container or161
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>pallet including freJght <strong>and</strong> binding. See alsonet weight. }.ground alert(*)-That status in which aircraft onthe ground/deck are fully serviced <strong>and</strong> anned,with combat crews in readiness to take <strong>of</strong>fwithin a specified shon period <strong>of</strong> time (usually15 minutes) after receipt <strong>of</strong> a mission order.See also airborne alert; alert.ground combat element-See Marine air-lroundtask force.ground control(*)-A system <strong>of</strong> accurate measurementsused to determine the distances <strong>and</strong>directions or differences in elevation between ·points on the Earth. See also common control(artillery); control point; field control; traverse.ground control (geodetic)-See ground control.ground-controlled approach procedure(*)-Thetechnique for talking down, through the use <strong>of</strong>both surveillance <strong>and</strong> precision approach radar, -an aircraft during its approach so as to place itin a position for l<strong>and</strong>ing. See also automaticapproach <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing.ground controlled interception(*)-A techniquewhich permits control <strong>of</strong> friendly aircraft orguided missiles for the purpose <strong>of</strong> effectinginterception. See also air interception.ground fo-e-Small anns ground-to-air fire directedagainst aircraft. t--~·grounding(*)-The bon..ding <strong>of</strong> an equipment case,frame or chassis, tom object or vehicle structureto ensure a common potential. See alsobonding; earthiDg.ground liaison <strong>of</strong>ficer-An <strong>of</strong>ficer trained in<strong>of</strong>fensive air suppon activities. Ground liaison<strong>of</strong>ficers are nonnally organized into partiesunder the control <strong>of</strong> the appropriate Army162comm<strong>and</strong>er to provide liaison to Air Force <strong>and</strong>naval units engaged in training <strong>and</strong> combatoperations.ground Uaison party-An army unit consisting <strong>of</strong>a variable number <strong>of</strong> personnel responsible forliaison with a tactical air suppon agency.ground Uaison section-An army unit consisting<strong>of</strong> a variable number <strong>of</strong> army <strong>of</strong>ficers, otherranks, <strong>and</strong> vehicles responsible for army/airliaison, under control <strong>of</strong> army headquarters.ground mine-See bottom mine.ground nadir(*)-The point on the ground verticallybeneath the perspective center <strong>of</strong> thecamera lens. On a true venical photograph thifcoincides with the principal point. Jground observer center-A center to whic~ground observer teams repon <strong>and</strong> which in tumwill pass information to the appropriate control<strong>and</strong>/or reponing agency.ground observer team-Small units or detachmentsdeployed to provide information <strong>of</strong>aircraft movements over a defended area,obtained either by aural or visual means.ground position(*)-The position on the Earthvertically below an aircraft.ground readiness-That status wherein aircraft canbe armed <strong>and</strong> serviced <strong>and</strong> personnel alened totake <strong>of</strong>f within a specified length <strong>of</strong> time afterreceiving orders.ground return(*)-The reflection from the terrainas displayed <strong>and</strong>/or recorded as an image.ground signals(*)-A visual signal displayed on anairfield to give local air traffic rules informationto flight crews in the air. See also signalarea.(\I .
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>ground speed(*)-The horizontal component <strong>of</strong> thespeed <strong>of</strong> an aittraft relative to the Earth'ssurface. ..~--·ground speed mode-In a flight control system, acontrol mode in which the ground speed <strong>of</strong> anaircraft is automatically controlled to a computedvalue.ground visibility-Prevailing horizontal visibilitynear the Earth's surface as report~ by anaccredited observer.ground zero(*)-The point on the surface <strong>of</strong> theEarth at, or vertically below or above, thecenter <strong>of</strong> a planned or actual nuclear detonation.See also actual ground zero; desired_ground zero.group-1. A flexible administrative <strong>and</strong> tacticalunit composed <strong>of</strong> either two or more battalionsor two or more squadrons. The term alsoapplies ·to combat support <strong>and</strong> combat servicesupport units. 2. A number <strong>of</strong> ships <strong>and</strong>/or· aircraft, normally a subdivision <strong>of</strong> a force,assigned for a specific purpose.group burial-A burial in a common grave <strong>of</strong> twoor more individually unidentified remains. Seealso burial.group <strong>of</strong> targets(*)-Two or more targets onwhich fire is desired simultaneously. A group<strong>of</strong> targets is designated by a letter/numbercombination or a nickname.group rendezvousrA check point at which formations<strong>of</strong> the s~ type will join before proceeding.See also· farce rendezvous.;;.....-guard(*)-A security element whose primary taskis to protect the main force by fighting to gaintime, while also observing <strong>and</strong> reporting information.See also flank guard; screen.guerrilla-A combat panicipant in guerrilla warfare.See also unconventional warfare.guerrilla force-A group <strong>of</strong> irregular, predominantlyindigenous personnel organized alongmilitary lines to conduct military <strong>and</strong> paramilitaryoperations in enemy-held, hostile, ordenied territory.guerrilla warfare(*)-<strong>Military</strong> <strong>and</strong> paramilitaryoperations conducted in enemy-held or hostileterritory by irregular, predominantly indigenousforces. See also unconventional warfare.guidance-1. Policy, direction, decision, orinstruction having the effect <strong>of</strong> an order whenpromulgated by a higher echelon. 2. Theentire process by which target intelligenceinformation received by the guided miss$·1 isused to effect proper flight control to setimely direction changes for effective t · getinterception. See also active homing · dance; celestial guidance; comm<strong>and</strong> guidalice;homing guidance; inertial guidance; midcourseguidance; passive homing guidance;preset guidance; semiactive homing guidance;stellar guidance; terminal guidance;terrestrial reference guidance.guidance coverage(*)-That volume <strong>of</strong> space inwhich guidance information (azimuth <strong>and</strong>/orelevation <strong>and</strong>/or distance) is provided to aircraftto the specified performance <strong>and</strong> accuracy.This may be specified either with relationto airfield/airstrip geometry, making assumptionsabout deployment <strong>of</strong> ground equipment,or with relation to the coverage provided byindividual ground units.guidance station equipment(*)-The ground-basedportion <strong>of</strong> the missile guidance system necessaryto provide guidance during missile flight.guided missile-An unmanned vehicle movingabove the surface <strong>of</strong> the Earth whose trajectoryor flight path is capable <strong>of</strong> being altered by an163
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong> . ,.t.external or inten\u mechanism. See alsoaerodynamic missDe; ballistic missile.guided missile cruiser-A warship designed tooperate with strike <strong>and</strong> amphibious forcesagainst air, surface, <strong>and</strong> subsurface threats.Normal armaments consist <strong>of</strong> 5-inch guns, anadvanced area-defense antiair-warfare missilesystem, <strong>and</strong> antisubmarine-warfare weapons.Designated as CG.guided missile destroyer-For mission, see destroyer.This destroyer type is equipped withSt<strong>and</strong>ard guided missiles, naval guns, longrangesonar, <strong>and</strong> antisubmarine-warfare weapons,including ASROC. Designated as DDG.guided missile equipment carrier-A self-propelled,full-tracked, amphibious, air transponable,unarmored carrier for various guided missilesystems <strong>and</strong> their equipment.guided missile frigate-Equipped with St<strong>and</strong>ardmissile launchers, 5 "/54 or 76-mm gun battery,torpedoes, embarked helicopters, <strong>and</strong> towedarray sonar. Designated as FFG. S~ als<strong>of</strong>rigate.guided missile submarine-A submarine designedto have an additional capability to launchguided missile attacks. Designated as SSG <strong>and</strong>SSGN. The SSGN is nuclear powered.guide spedfication(*)-Minimum requirements tobe used as a basis (sr the evaluation <strong>of</strong> a nationalspecification ~ering a fuel, lubricant orassociated product P.Wposed for st<strong>and</strong>ardization;...·action.gull(*)-ln electronic warfare, a floating radarreflector used to simulate a surface target at seafor deceptive purposes.gun-1. A cannon with relatively long barrel,operating with relatively low angle <strong>of</strong> fire, <strong>and</strong>having a high muzzle velocity. 2. A cannonwith tube length 30 calibers or more. See alsohowitzer; mortar.gun carriage(*)-A mobile or fixed suppon for agun. It sometimes includes the elevating <strong>and</strong>traversing mechanisms. Also called carriage.guns/weapons free-In air intercept, means firemay be opened on all aircraft not recognized asfriendly.lguns/weapons tight-In air intercept, means d jnot open fire, or cease firing on any aircraft (oJon bogey specified, or in section indicated)unless target(s) known to be hostile. ,0gun-target line(*)-An imaginary straight linefrom the gun(s) to the target. See also spottingline.gun-type weapon-A device in which two or morepieces <strong>of</strong> fissionable material, each less than acritical mass, are brought together very rapidlyso as to fonn a supercritical mass that canexplode as the result <strong>of</strong> a rapidly exp<strong>and</strong>ingfission chain.gyro-magnetic compass-A directional gyroscopewhose azimuth scale is maintained in aligrunentwith the magnetic meridian by a magneticdetector unit.guinea-pig(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a ship usedto determine whether an area can be consideredsafe from influence mines under cenain conditions,or, specifically, to detonate pressuremines.164
~;_H-2-See Sea SpriJH-3-See Sea King.H<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>sections. Used in a process camera to break upa solid or continuous tone image into a pattern<strong>of</strong> small dots. See also halftone.H-46--See Sea Knight.bachuring(*)-A method <strong>of</strong> representing reliefupon a map or chart by shading in short disconnectedlines drawn in the direction <strong>of</strong> theslopes.half-life(*)-The time required for the activity <strong>of</strong>a given radioactive species to decrease to half<strong>of</strong> its initial value due to radioactive decay.The half-life is a characteristic property <strong>of</strong> eachradioactive species <strong>and</strong> is independent <strong>of</strong> itsamount or condition. The effective half-life <strong>of</strong>a given isotope is the time in which the quantityin the body will decrease to half as a result<strong>of</strong> both radioactive decay <strong>and</strong> biological elimination.half-residence time(*)-As applied to delayedfallout, it is the time required for the amount <strong>of</strong>weapon debris deposited in a particular part <strong>of</strong>the atmosphere to decrease to half <strong>of</strong> its initialvalue.half thickness(*)-Thickness <strong>of</strong> absorbing materialnecessary to reduce by one-half the intensity <strong>of</strong>radiation which passes through it.halftone(*)-Any photomechanical printing surfaceor the impression therefrom in which detail <strong>and</strong>tone values ard'Lrepresented by a series <strong>of</strong>evenly spaced :cfo'ts in varying size <strong>and</strong> shape,varying in direei_proportion to the intensity <strong>of</strong>the tones they represent. See also halftonescreen.halftone screen(*)-A series <strong>of</strong> regular spacedopaque lines on glass, crossing at right angles,producing transparent apenures between interh<strong>and</strong>over-The passing <strong>of</strong> control authority <strong>of</strong> anaircraft from one control agency to anothercontrol agency. H<strong>and</strong>over action may beaccomplished between control agencies <strong>of</strong>separate Services when conducting joint operationsor between control agencies within asingle comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control system. H<strong>and</strong>overaction is complete when the receiving controlleracknowledges assumption <strong>of</strong> control authority.h<strong>and</strong>over line(*)-A control feature, preferablyfollowing easily defined terrain features, atwhich responsibility for the conduct <strong>of</strong> co!atoperations is passed from one force to anot er.bang ftre(*)-An undesired delay in the funct ning <strong>of</strong> a firing system.harassing (air)-The attack <strong>of</strong> any target withinthe area <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> battle not connected withint~rdiction or close air support. It is designedto reduce the enemy's combat effectiveness.harassing ftre(*)-Fire designed to disturb the rest<strong>of</strong> the enemy troops, to curtail movement, <strong>and</strong>,by threat <strong>of</strong> losses, to lower morale. See als<strong>of</strong>ire.harassment-An incident in which the primaryobjective is to disrupt the activities <strong>of</strong> a unit,installation, or ship, rather than to inflictserious casualties or damage.harbor-A restricted body <strong>of</strong> water, an anchorage,or other limited coastal water area <strong>and</strong> itsmineable water approaches, from which shippingoperations are projected or supported.Generally, a harbor is part <strong>of</strong> a base, in whichcase the harbor defense force forms a compo-165
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>.nent element <strong>of</strong> tlie base defense force establishedfor the locaJ.defense <strong>of</strong> the base <strong>and</strong> Jtsincluded harbor. · •~ .harbor defeDSe(*)-The defense <strong>of</strong> a harbor oranchorage <strong>and</strong> its water approaches againstexternal threats such as: a. submarine, submarine-borne,or small surface craft attack; b.enemy minelaying operations; <strong>and</strong> c. sabotage.The defense <strong>of</strong> a harbor from guided ordropped missiles while such missiles are airborneis considered to be a pan <strong>of</strong> air defense.See also port security.hard beach-A ponion <strong>of</strong> a beach especiallyprepared with a hard surface extending into thewater, employed for the purpose <strong>of</strong> loading orunloading directly into or from l<strong>and</strong>ing ships orl<strong>and</strong>ing craft.hardened site(*)-A site, normally constructedunder rock or concrete cover, designed toprovide protection against the effects <strong>of</strong> conventionalweapons. It may also be equipped toprovide protection against the side effects <strong>of</strong> anuclear attack <strong>and</strong> against a chemical or abiological attack.hard missUe base(*)-A launching base that is. protectec:l against a nuclear explosion.hard port-Alter heading to magnetic headingindicated, turning to the pon in a tight tum(three digit group), or alter heading indicatednumber <strong>of</strong> degrees to the pon in a tight tum(one or two digit g_!!up with word "degrees").~.bardst<strong>and</strong>(*)-1. A·~-paved or stabilized areawhere vehicles are parked. 2. Open groundarea having a prepared surface <strong>and</strong> used for thestorage <strong>of</strong> materiel.hard starboard-Alter heading to magnetic headingindicated, turning to the starboard in a tighttum (three digit group), or alter heading indicatednumber <strong>of</strong> degrees to the starboard in atight tum (one or two digit group with word"degrees").hardware-1. The generic term dealing withphysical items as distinguished from its capabilityor function such as equipment, tools, implements,instruments, devices, sets, fittings,trimmings, assemblies, subassemblies, components,<strong>and</strong> parts. The term is <strong>of</strong>ten used inregard to the stage <strong>of</strong> development, as in thepassage <strong>of</strong> a device or component from thedesign stage into the hardware stage as thefmished object. 2. In data automation, thephysical equipment or devices fonning a computer<strong>and</strong> peripheral components. See alsos<strong>of</strong>tware.harmful appreciations-See appreciations. tharmonization-The process <strong>and</strong>/or results 1adjusting differences or inconsistencies to bri~significant features into agreement.Harpoon-An all-weather, anti-ship cruise missilecapable <strong>of</strong> being employed from surface ships(RGM-84), aircraft (AGM-84A) or submarines(UGM-84). The missile is turbojet powered<strong>and</strong> employs a low level cruise trajectory.Terminal guidance is active radar. A 500-pound conventional warhead is employed .Harrier-A single-engine, vectored thrust, turbojet,venical <strong>and</strong>/or shon take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>inglight attack aircraft, designed to operate froml<strong>and</strong> bases <strong>and</strong> naval vessels in a close airsuppon role. Capable <strong>of</strong> carrying a variety <strong>of</strong>conventional <strong>and</strong>/or nuclear weapons. Designatedas A V -8.hasty attack(*)-ln l<strong>and</strong> operations, an attack inwhich preparation time is traded for speed inorder to exploit an opponunity. See also. deliberate attack.166
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>hasty breaching(*)-fThe rapid creation <strong>of</strong> a routethrough a minefi\ld, barrier, or fortification byany expedient m~od.hasty breaching (l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare)-The creation<strong>of</strong> lanes through enemy minefields byexpedient methods such as blasting with demolitions,pushing rollers or disabled vehiclesthrough the minefields when the time factordoes not permit detailed reconnaissance, deliberatebreaching, or bypassing the obstacle. Seealso breaching.hasty crossing(*)-The crossing <strong>of</strong> an inl<strong>and</strong> waterobstacle using the crossing means at h<strong>and</strong> orthose readily available, <strong>and</strong> made withoutpausing for elaborate preparations. See alsodeliberate crossing.hasty defense(*)-A defense nonnally organizedwhile in contact with the enemy or when contactis imminent <strong>and</strong> time available for theorganization is limited. It is characterized byimprovement <strong>of</strong> the natural defensive strength<strong>of</strong> the terrain by utilization <strong>of</strong> foxholes, emplacements,<strong>and</strong> obstacles. See also deliberatedefense.hatch list-A list showing, for each hold section <strong>of</strong>a cargo ship, a description <strong>of</strong> the items stowed,their volume <strong>and</strong> weight, the consignee <strong>of</strong>each, <strong>and</strong> the total volume <strong>and</strong> weight <strong>of</strong> materielin the hold.havens (movillg)-See moviag haveus.Hawk-A mobile f defense artillery, surface-to-air missile SyS!c:in that provides non-nuclear,low to medium ldtitude air defense coverage forground forces. Designated as MIM-23.Hawkeye-A twin turboprop, multicrew airborneearly warning <strong>and</strong> interceptor control aircraftdesigned to operate from aircraft carriers. Itcarries a long-range radar <strong>and</strong> integrated computersystem for the detection <strong>and</strong> tracking <strong>of</strong>airborne targets at all altitudes. Designated asE-2.HC-130-See Hercules.heading-In air intercept, a code meaning, "My,or bogey's, magnetic course is "heading crossing angle-In air intercept, theangular difference between interceptor heading<strong>and</strong> target heading at the time <strong>of</strong> intercept.heading hold mode-In a flight control system, acontrol mode which automatically maintains anaircraft heading that exists at the instant <strong>of</strong>completion <strong>of</strong> a maneuver.heading indicator(*)-An instrument which displaysheading transmitted electrically froi aremote compass system.heading select feature-A flight control sy emfeature which permits selection or preselection<strong>of</strong> desired automatically controlled heading orheadings <strong>of</strong> an aircraft.heads up-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Enemygot ~ough (part or all)," or, "I am not inposition to engage target."bead-up display(*)-A display <strong>of</strong> flight, navigation,attack, or other information superimposedupon the pilot's forward field <strong>of</strong> view. Seealso horizontal situation display.heavy antitank weapon-A weapon capable <strong>of</strong>operating from ground or vehicle, used todefeat armor <strong>and</strong> other material targets.heavy artillery-see field artillery.heavy drop-A system <strong>of</strong> delivery <strong>of</strong> heavy sup- ·plies <strong>and</strong> equipment by parachute.heavy-Uft cargo-1. Any single cargo lift, weighingoverS long tons, <strong>and</strong> to be h<strong>and</strong>led aboard167
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>ship. 2. In Ma~e Corps usage, individualunits <strong>of</strong> cargo that .lxceed 800 pounds in weightor 100 cubic feet 'in volume. See also cargo.heavy-lift ship(*)-A ship specially designed <strong>and</strong>capable <strong>of</strong> loading <strong>and</strong> unloading heavy <strong>and</strong>bulky items. It has booms <strong>of</strong> sufficient capacityto accommodate a single lift <strong>of</strong> 100 tons.height-The vertical distance <strong>of</strong> an object, point,or level above the ground or other establishedreference plane. Height may be indicated asfollows:very low-Less than 500 feet.low-500 to 2,000 feet (above ground level).medium-2,000 to 25,000 feet.higb-25,000 to 50,000 feet.very high-More than 50,000 feet.height datum-See altitude datum.height delay-See altitude delay •.height hole-See altitude hole.height <strong>of</strong> burst(*)-The vertical distance from theEarth's surface or target to the point <strong>of</strong> burst.See also optimum height <strong>of</strong> burst; safe burstheight; types <strong>of</strong> burst.helicopter approach route(*)-The track or series<strong>of</strong> tracks along which helicopters move to aspecific l<strong>and</strong>ing site or l<strong>and</strong>ing zone. See alsohelicopter lane; helicopter retirement route.helicopter assault fo.JSe(*)-A task organizationcombining helicopfers, supporting units, <strong>and</strong>helicopter-borne t~p units for use in helicopter-borneassault operations.helicopter break-up point-A control point atwhich helicopters returning from a l<strong>and</strong>ingzone break formation <strong>and</strong> are released to returnto base or are dispatched for other employment.helicopter departure point-See departure point.helicopter direction center(*)-ln amphibiousoperations, the primary direct control agencyfor the helicopter group/unit comm<strong>and</strong>er operatingunder the overall control <strong>of</strong> the tacticalair control center.helicopter drop point-A designated point withina l<strong>and</strong>ing zone where helicopters are unable tol<strong>and</strong> because <strong>of</strong> the terrain, but in which theycan discharge cargo or troops while hovering.helicopter extemal air transport certificationcategories-Three categories <strong>of</strong> equipmentsuitability for helicopter external air transport(HEAT). The Services assign individual items<strong>of</strong> equipment to the appropriate categoriet,which are as follows: a. certified-Those itei·<strong>of</strong> equipment <strong>and</strong> their associated riggiprocedures which have completed a certific -tion process comprised <strong>of</strong> engineering analysis,static load testing (in accordance with applicablemilitary st<strong>and</strong>ards), validating riggingprocedures,· evaluating successful flight tests,<strong>and</strong> the issuance <strong>of</strong> a certification statement.b. suitable-Those items <strong>of</strong> equipment <strong>and</strong>their associated rigging procedures that havenot been certified, but have demonstratedacceptable static lift <strong>and</strong> flight characteristicsduring flight testing by the US Army Airborne<strong>and</strong> Special Operations Test Board. c. prohibited-Thoseitems <strong>of</strong> equipment <strong>and</strong> theirassociated rigging procedures that are prohibitedfrom helicopter external air transport asdetermined by each Service.helicopter l<strong>and</strong>ing site-A designated subdivision<strong>of</strong> a helicopter l<strong>and</strong>ing zone in which a singleflight or wave <strong>of</strong> assault helicopters l<strong>and</strong> toembark or disembark troops <strong>and</strong>/or cargo.helicopter l<strong>and</strong>ing zone-A specified ground areafor l<strong>and</strong>ing assault helicopters to embark ordisembark troops <strong>and</strong>/or cargo. A l<strong>and</strong>ingzone may contain one or more l<strong>and</strong>ing sites.168
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>helicopter lane(*)-~ safety air corridor in whichhelicopters fly f or from their destinationduring helicopt~perations. See also helicopterapproach route; helicopter retirementroute.,. helicopter retirement route(*)-The track orseries <strong>of</strong> tracks along which helicopters movefrom a specific l<strong>and</strong>ing site or l<strong>and</strong>ing zone.See also helicopter approach route; helicopterlane. ·helicopter support team(*)-A task organizationformed <strong>and</strong> equipped for employment in al<strong>and</strong>ing zone to facilitate the l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> movement<strong>of</strong> helicopter-borne troops, equipment <strong>and</strong>supplies, <strong>and</strong> to evacuate selected casualties <strong>and</strong>enemy prisoners <strong>of</strong> war.helicopter team-The combat-equipped troopslifted in one helicopter at one time.helicopter transport area-Areas to the seaward<strong>and</strong> on the flanks <strong>of</strong> the outer transport <strong>and</strong>l<strong>and</strong>ing ship areas, but preferably inside thearea screen, for launching <strong>and</strong>/or recoveringhelicopters.helicopter wave-See wave.helipad(*)-A prepared area designated <strong>and</strong> usedfor take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> helicopters. (Includestouchdown or hover point.)heliport(*)-A facility..designated for operating,basing, servicinJ!. <strong>and</strong> maintaining helicopters.herbicide-A cheRtjcal compound that will kill or·-~damage plants. =-:_ See also anticrop agent;antiplant agent.Hercules-A medium range troop <strong>and</strong> cargo transportdesigned for air-drop or airl<strong>and</strong> deliveryinto a combat zone as well as conventionalairlift. This aircraft is equipped with fourturboprop engines, <strong>and</strong> integral ramp <strong>and</strong> cargodoor. The D model is ski equipped. The Emodel has additional fuel capacity for extendedrange. Designated as C130. The inflighttanker configurations are designated KC-130<strong>and</strong> HC-130, which is also used for the aerialrescue mission. The gunship version is designatedAC-130.H-hour-See times.IUDACZ-See high-density airspace controlzone.high-A height between 25,000 <strong>and</strong> 50,000 feet.high airburst-The fallout safe height <strong>of</strong> burst fora nuclear weapon that increases damage to orcasualties on s<strong>of</strong>t targets, or reduces inducedradiation contamination at actual ground zclo.See also types <strong>of</strong> burst. fhigh altitude(*)-Conventionally, an altitude abtve10,000 meters (33,000 feet). See also altitude.high altitude bombing-Horizontal bombing withthe height <strong>of</strong> release over 15,000 feet.high altitude burst(*)-The explosion <strong>of</strong> a nuclearweapon which takes place at a height in excess<strong>of</strong> 100,000 feet (30,000 meters). See alsotypes <strong>of</strong> burst.high-altitude missile engagementweapon engagement zone.zone-Seehigh angle(*)-In artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresupport, an order or request to obtain highangle fire.high angle fu-e(*)-Fire delivered at angles <strong>of</strong>elevation greater than the elevation that corre- .sponds to the maximum range <strong>of</strong> the gun <strong>and</strong>ammunition concerned; fire, the range <strong>of</strong> whichdecreases as the angle <strong>of</strong> elevation is increased.169
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>high-density airspa~ control zone-Airspacedesignated in an ~rspace control plan or airspacecontrol ord~ in which there is a concentratedemployment <strong>of</strong> numerous <strong>and</strong> variedweapons <strong>and</strong> airspace users. A high-densityairspace control zone has defined dimensions,which usually coincide with geographicalfeatures or navigational aids. Access to ahigh-density airspace control zone is normallycontrolled by the maneuver comm<strong>and</strong>er. Themaneuver comm<strong>and</strong>er can also direct a morerestrictive weapons status within the high-densityairspace control zone. Also called HIDACZ.high explosive cargo-Cargo such as artilleryammunition, bombs, depth charges, demolitionmaterial, rockets, <strong>and</strong> missiles. See also cargo.high oblique-See oblique air photograph.high-risk personnel-Personnel who, by theirgrade, assignment, symbolic value, or relativeisolation, are likely to be attractive or accessibleterrorist targets. See also antiterrorism.high speed submarine-A submarine capable <strong>of</strong>submerged speeds <strong>of</strong> 20 knots or more.high value asset control items-Items <strong>of</strong> supplyidentified for intensive management controlunder approved inventory management techniquesdesigned to maintain an optimum inventorylevel <strong>of</strong> high investment items.called hi-value ass_t control items._ ..._Alsohigh velocity drop(*)~ drop procedure in whichthe drop velocity is- greater than 30 feet persecond (low velocity drop) <strong>and</strong> lower than freedrop velocity. See also airdrop.high-water mark-Properly, a mark left on abeach by wave wash at the preceding highwater. It does not necessarily correspond tothe high-water line. Because it can be deter-170mined by simple observation, it is frequentlyused in place <strong>of</strong> the high-water line, which canbe detennined only by a survey. When soused, it is called the high-water line.bill shading(*)-A method <strong>of</strong> representing reliefon a map by depicting the shadows that wouldbe cast by high ground if light were shiningfrom a certain direction.HIMEZ-See high-altitude missile engagementzone.hoist(*)-ln helicopters, the mechanism by whichexternal loads may be raised or lowered vertically.hold(*)-1. A cargo stowage compartment abolship. 2. To maintain or retain possession fby force, as a position or an area. 3. Inattack, to exert sufficient pressure to prevemovement or redisposition <strong>of</strong> enemy forces. 4.As applied to air traffic, to keep an aircraftwithin a specified space or location which isidentified by visual or other means in accordancewith Air-Traffic Control instructions.holdee-See tnmsient.hold fire(*)-ln air defense, an emergency orderto stop firing. Missiles already in flight mustbe prevented from intercepting, if technicallypossible.holding anchorage(*)-An anchorage where shipsmay lie: a. if the assembly or working anchorage,or port, to which they have been assignedis full; b. when delayed by enemy threats orother factors from proceeding immediately ontheir next voyage; c. when dispersed from aport to avoid the effects <strong>of</strong> a nuclear attack.See also assembly anchorage; emergencyanchorage; working anchorage.holding '&ttack(*)-An attack designed to hold theenemy in position, to deceive him as to where/'\,
...the main attack it being made, to prevent himfrom reinforcin~--the elements opposing themain attack, <strong>and</strong>/6r to cause him to commit hisreserves prematurely at an indecisive location.holding pattern mode-Automatic control <strong>of</strong> anaircraft to fly the programmed holding pattern.holding point-A geographically or electronicallydefined location used in stationing aircraft inflight in a predetermined pattern in accordancewith air traffic control clearance. See alsoorbit point.holding position(•)-A specified location on theairfield, close to the active runway <strong>and</strong> identifiedby visual means, at which the position <strong>of</strong>a taxiing aircraft is maintained in accordancewith air traffic ·control instructions.holiday-An unintentional omission in imagerycoverage <strong>of</strong> an area. See also gap (imagery).hollow cbarge(*)-A shaped charge producing adeep cylindrical hole <strong>of</strong> relatively small diameterin the direction <strong>of</strong> its axis <strong>of</strong> rotation.home recovery mission pr<strong>of</strong>ile-A mission pr<strong>of</strong>ilethat involves the recovery <strong>of</strong> an aircraft at itspermanent or temporarily assigned operatingbase.homing(*)-The technique whereby a mobilestation directs itself, or is directed, towards asource <strong>of</strong> primary or reflected energy, or to aspecified point. .~ ,_e-homing adaptor(~l~A device which, when usedwith an aircraft~Tadio receiver, produces aural<strong>and</strong>/ or visual signals which indicate the direction<strong>of</strong> a transmitting radio station with respectto the heading <strong>of</strong> the aircraft.homing guidance(*)-A system by which a missilesteers itself towards a target by means <strong>of</strong> aself-contained mechanism which is activated by<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>some distinguishing characteristics <strong>of</strong> thetarget. See also active homing guidance;guidance; passive homing guidance; semiactivehoming guidance.homing mine(•)-In naval mine warfare, a minefitted with propulsion equipment that homes onto a target. See also mine.hook-A procedure used by an air controller toelectronically direct the data processing equipment<strong>of</strong> a semi-automatic comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> controlsystem to take a specified action on a specificradar blip or symbol.horizon-In general, the apparent or visible junction<strong>of</strong> the Earth <strong>and</strong> sky, as seen from anyspecific position. Also called the apparent,visible, or local horizon. A horizontal pltnepassing through a point <strong>of</strong> vision or perspectivecenter. The apparent or visible horizon ppproximatesthe true horizon only when \hepoint <strong>of</strong> vision is very close to sea level.horizontal action mine(•)-ln l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare,a mine designed to produce a destructive effectin a plane approximately parallel to the ground.horizontal error(*)-The error in range, deflection,or in radius, which a weapon may beexpected to exceed as <strong>of</strong>ten as not. Horizontalerror <strong>of</strong> weapons making a nearly verticalapproach to the target is described in terms <strong>of</strong>circular error probable. Horizontal error <strong>of</strong>weapons producing elliptical dispersion patternis expressed in terms <strong>of</strong> probable error. Seealso circular error probable; delivery error;deviation; dispersion error.horizontal loading(*)-Loading <strong>of</strong> items <strong>of</strong> likecharacter in horizontal layers throughout theholds <strong>of</strong> a ship. See also loading.horizontal situation display(*)-An electronicallygenerated display on which navigation information<strong>and</strong> stored mission <strong>and</strong> procedural data can171
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>..be presented. Raqlr infonnation <strong>and</strong> televisionpicture can also bl displayed either as a mapoverlay or as a separate image. See alsohead-up display.horizontal situation indicator(*)-An instrumentwhich may display bearing <strong>and</strong> distance to anavigation aid, magnetic heading, track/course<strong>and</strong> track/course deviation.horizontal stowage-The lateral distribution <strong>of</strong>unit equipment or categories <strong>of</strong> supplies so thatthey can be unloaded simultaneously from twoor more holds.hom(*)-In naval mine warfare, a projection fromthe mine shell <strong>of</strong> some contact mines which,when broken or bent by contact, causes themine to fire.Hornet-A twin-engine supersonic, fighter/attackaircraft. The C (single-seat) <strong>and</strong> D (dual-seat)models have an all-weather intercept, identify<strong>and</strong> destroy capability. The Hornet is equippedwith an electronic self-protection jammer, <strong>and</strong>is both air-to-air <strong>and</strong> air-to-ground capable. Itis designed to operate from both l<strong>and</strong> bases <strong>and</strong>aircraft carriers. Designated as F/A-18.hospital-A medical treatment facility capable <strong>of</strong>providing inpatient care. It is appropriatelystaffed <strong>and</strong> equipped to provide diagnostic <strong>and</strong>therapeutic services, as well as the necessarysupponing services required to perform itsassigned mission <strong>and</strong> functions. A hospitalmay, in addition, :}lischarge the functions <strong>of</strong> aclinic. ~-·~hostage-A person held as a pledge that certaintenns or agreements will be kept. (The taking<strong>of</strong> hostages is forbidden under the GenevaConventions, 1949.)host country-A nation in which representatives ororganizations <strong>of</strong> another state are present .because <strong>of</strong> government invitation <strong>and</strong>/or internationalagreement.hostile-A contact positively identified as enemy.See also bogey; friendly.hostile acts-Basic rules established by higherauthority for defining <strong>and</strong> recognizing hostileacts by aircraft, submarines, surface units, <strong>and</strong>ground forces will be promulgated by thecomm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>of</strong> unified or specified conun<strong>and</strong>s,<strong>and</strong> by other appropriate comm<strong>and</strong>ers when soauthorized.hostile casualty-A person who is the victim <strong>of</strong> aterrorist activity or who becomes a casualty "inaction." "In action" characterizes the casualtyas having been the direct result <strong>of</strong> hosti~action, sustained in combat or relating theretd,or sustained going to or returning from ~combat mission provided that the occurren~was directly related to hostile action. Included .are persons killed or wounded mistakenly oraccidentally by friendly fire directed at a hostileforce or what is thought to be a hostile force.However, not to be considered as sustained inaction <strong>and</strong> not to be interpreted as hostilecasualties are injuries or death due to theelements, self-inflicted wounds, combat fatigue,<strong>and</strong> except in unusual cases, wounds or deathinflicted by a friendly force while the individualis in an absent-without-leave, desener, ordropped-from-rolls status or is voluntarilyabsent from a place <strong>of</strong> duty. See also casualty;casualty type; nonhostile casualty.hostile environment-See operational environment.hostile track(*)-The classification assigned to atrack which, based upon established criteria, isdetermined to be an enemy threat.host nation(*)-A nation which receives the forces<strong>and</strong>/or supplies <strong>of</strong> allied nations <strong>and</strong>/or NATO.'~172
·•organizations to be located on, to operate in, orto transit througl{ ·its territory.:-e.~host nation assistance-See host nation support.host nation support-Civil <strong>and</strong>/or military assistancerendered by a nation to foreign forceswithin its territory during peacetime, crises oremergencies, or war based on agreementsmutually concluded between nations.hot photo interpretation report-A preliminaryunformatted report <strong>of</strong> significant informationfrom tactical reconnaissance imagery dispatchedprior to compilation <strong>of</strong> the Initial Photo InterpretationReport. It should pertain to a singleobjective, event, or activity <strong>of</strong> significantinterest to justify immediate reporting. Alsocalled HOTPHOTOREP.HOTPHOTOREP-See hot photo interpretationreport.hot report-Not to be used. See <strong>Joint</strong> TacticalAir Reconnaissance/Surveillance MissionReport.hot spot(*)-Region in a contaminated area inwhich the level <strong>of</strong> radioactive contamination isconsiderably greater than in neighboring regionsin the area.Hound Dog-A turbojet-propelled, air-to-surfacemissile designed to be carried externally on theB-52. It is equipped with a nuclear warhead<strong>and</strong> can be launched for either high or lowaltitude attacks·}gainst enemy targets, supplementingthe intr"'rnally carried firepower <strong>of</strong> theB-52. Designa~ as AGM-288.hovering(*)-A self-sustaining maneuver wherebya fixed, or nearly fixed, position is maintainedrelative to a spot on the surface <strong>of</strong> the Earth orunderwater.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>hovering ceiling(*)-The highest altitude at whichthe helicopter is capable <strong>of</strong> hovering in st<strong>and</strong>ardatmosphere. It is usually stated in tw<strong>of</strong>igures: hovering in ground effect <strong>and</strong> hoveringout <strong>of</strong> ground effect.howitzer-1.. A cannon which combines certaincharacteristics <strong>of</strong> guns <strong>and</strong> mortars. Thehowitzer delivers projectiles with mediumvelocities, either by low or high trajectories.2. Normally a cannon with a tube length <strong>of</strong> 20to 30 calibers; however, the tube length canexceed 30 calibers <strong>and</strong> still be considered ahowitzer when the high angle fire zoningsolution pennits range overlap between charges.See also gun; mortar.Huey-See Iroquois.- human intelligence(*)-A category <strong>of</strong> intellig~cederived from information collected <strong>and</strong> proiidedby human sources. Also called IRJMirh.humanitarian <strong>and</strong> civic assistance-Assistance tothe local populace provided by predominantlyUS forces in conjunction with military operations<strong>and</strong> exercises. This assistance is specificallyauthorized by title 10, United StatesCode, section 401, <strong>and</strong> funded under separateauthorities. Assistance provided under theseprovisions is limited to (1) medical, dental, <strong>and</strong>veterinary care provided in rural areas <strong>of</strong> acountry; (2) construction <strong>of</strong> rudimentary surfacetransportation systems; (3) well drilling<strong>and</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> basic sanitation facilities;<strong>and</strong> ( 4) rudimentary construction <strong>and</strong> repair <strong>of</strong>public facilities. Assistance must fulfill unittraining requirements that incidentally createhumanitarian benefit to the local populace. Seealso humanitarian assistance.humanitarian assistance-Programs conducted torelieve or reduce the results <strong>of</strong> natural ormanmade disasters or other endemic conditionssuch as human pain, disease, hunger, or privationthat might present a serious threat to life173
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>..or that can result io...-great damage to or loss <strong>of</strong>propeny. Humanifirian assistance provided byUS forces is limited in scope <strong>and</strong> duration.The assistance provided is designed to supplementor complement the effons <strong>of</strong> the hostnation civil a~thorities or agencies that mayhave the primary responsibility for providinghumanitarian assistance.human resources intelligence-The intelligenceinformation derived from the intelligencecollection discipline that uses human beings asboth sources <strong>and</strong> collectors, <strong>and</strong> where thehuman being is the primary collection instrument.Also called HUMINT.HUMINT -See human· resources intelligence.hung weapons-Those weapons or stores on anaircraft that the pilot has attempted to drop orfire but could not because <strong>of</strong> a malfunction <strong>of</strong>the weapon, rack or launcher, or aircraft release<strong>and</strong> control system.hunter track(*)-ln naval mine warfare, the trackto be followed by the hunter (or sweeper) to· ensure that the hunting (or sweeping) gearpasses over the lap track.hydr<strong>of</strong>oll patrol craft-A patrol combatant, missile,fast surface patrol craft, capable <strong>of</strong> quickreaction <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>fensive operations against majorenemy surface combatants. Designated asPHM.hydrogen bomb-See--daermonuclear weapon.-c-....hydrographic chart(~-A nautical chart showingdepths <strong>of</strong> water, nan!re <strong>of</strong> bottom, contours <strong>of</strong>bottom <strong>and</strong> coastline, <strong>and</strong> tides <strong>and</strong> currents ina given sea or sea <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> area.hydrographic reconnaissance-Reconnaissance <strong>of</strong>an area <strong>of</strong> water to determine depths, beachgradients, the nature <strong>of</strong> the ·bottom, <strong>and</strong> thelocation <strong>of</strong> coral reefs, rocks, shoals, <strong>and</strong>manmade obstacles.hydrographic section (beach party)-A section <strong>of</strong>a beach pany whose duties are to clear thebeach <strong>of</strong> damaged boats, conduct hydrographicreconnaissance, assist in removing underwaterobstructions, act as stretcher bearers, <strong>and</strong>furnish relief boat crews.hydrography(*)-The science which deals with themeasurements <strong>and</strong> description <strong>of</strong> the physicalfeatures <strong>of</strong> the oceans, seas, lakes, rivers, <strong>and</strong>their adjoining coastal areas, with particularreference to their use for navigational purposes.hyperbaric cbamber(*)-A chamber used toinduce an increase in ambient pressure 3fwould occur in descending below sea level, i4a water or air environment. It is the only typt<strong>of</strong> chamber suitable for use in the treabnent 01'decompression sickness in flying or diving.Also called compression chamber; divingchamber; recompression chamber.hyperboUc oavigation system(*)-A radio navigationsystem which enables the position <strong>of</strong> anaircraft equipped with a suitable receiver to befixed by two or more intersecting hyperbolicposition lines. The system employs either atime difference measurement <strong>of</strong> pulse transmissionsor a phase difference measurement <strong>of</strong>phase-locked continuous wave transmissions.See also Decca; loran.hyperfocal distance(*)-The distance from thelens to the nearest object in focus when the lensis focused at infinity.hypergoUc fuel(*)-Fuel which will spontaneouslyignite with an oxidizer, such as aniline withfuming nitric acid. It is used as the propulsionagent in certain missile systems.I~174
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>•hypersonic(*)-Of gr penaining to speeds equalto, or in exces~~ <strong>of</strong>, five times the speed <strong>of</strong>sound. See als~peed <strong>of</strong> sound •hyperstereoscopy(*)-Stereoscopic viewing inwhich the relief effect is noticeably exaggerated,caused by the extension <strong>of</strong> the camera base.Also called exaggerated stereoscopy.hypobaric chamber(*)-A chamber used to inducea decrease in ambient pressure as would occurin ascending to altitude. This type <strong>of</strong> chamberis primarily used for training <strong>and</strong> experimentalpurposes. Also called altitude chamber;decompression chamber.hypsometric tinting(*)-A method <strong>of</strong> showingrelief on maps <strong>and</strong> chans by coloring in differentshades those pans which lie between selectedlevels. Sometimes referred to as elevationtint; altitude tint; layer tint.tI'-~~-e-.-..-~175
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>(INTENTIONALLY BLANK)tt'176
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lIIFF-see ldeatificatlon, friend or foe.mAD-See intemal defease <strong>and</strong> developmeat.idelltificatiou-1. The process <strong>of</strong> determining thefriendly or hostile character <strong>of</strong> an unknowndetected contact. 2. In arms conttol, the.process <strong>of</strong> detennining which nation is responsiblefor the detected violations <strong>of</strong> any ·armscontrol measure. 3. In groUDd combat operations,discrimination between recognizableobjects as being friendly or enemy, or the namethat belongs to the object as a member <strong>of</strong> aclass.idelltific:adoa, friead or foe(*)-A system usingelectromagnetic transmissions to which equipmentcarried by friendly forces automaticallyrespcmds, for example, by emitting pulses,.thereby distinguishing tbems~Jves from enemyforces. Also called IFF.ldelltification Friead or Foe penoaal ideatlfierThe discrete Identification Friend or Foe codeassigned to a particular aircraft, ship, or othervehicle for identification by electronic means.ldelltification, friead or foe/selective a-.mcatioDfeature JiiiN*dw es The directives thatgovern the use <strong>of</strong> identification, friend or foeselective identification feature equipmellt. Seealso ldelltification, friead or foe.ldeatlfication IIIIUleUVer-A maneuver performedfor identification ~·ideatify-A code meaning, "Identify the coritactdesignated by my meaDS at your disposal. •See also idelltification, ncopitiOD.ideatity-5ee identification; recopition.IDT -see iDactive duty trainiDg.igloo space-Area in an earth-covered structure <strong>of</strong>concrete <strong>and</strong>/or steel designed for the storage<strong>of</strong> a!DIDIJDition <strong>and</strong> explosives. See also stor·age.igniter(•)-A device designed to produce a flameor flash which is used to initiate an explosivetrain.I go-A code meaning, "I am leaving my pattollmissionin minutes. • See alsoI stay.m-see iDcapadtatiDg IIIDess or lqjury.Wnmination by diffusion-See indirect WumiDaticm.Wqmtnatton by reflection-See bldirect WumiDatiOD.image format-Actual size <strong>of</strong> negative, scope, orother medium on which image is produced.image motioa compea.sationr')-Movementimeationally imparted to film at such a rate asto compensate for the forward motion <strong>of</strong> an airor space vehicle when photographing groundobjects.imageryr')-Collectively, the representations <strong>of</strong>objects reproduced electronically or by opticalmeaDS on film, electronic display devices, orother media.imagery coUateral(•)-The reference materialswhich support the imagery interprewion function.177
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-Glimagery correlatioa(*~ The mutual relationshipbetween the different signatures on imageryfrom different types <strong>of</strong> sensors in termS <strong>of</strong>position <strong>and</strong> the physical cbaracteristics signi·fiecl.imagery data rec:ordllla(*~ The traDspOSq <strong>of</strong>_information relating to the airborne vehicle 8Ddseasor, such as speed, height, tili·, position, <strong>and</strong>time, to the matrix block on the sensor recordat the moment <strong>of</strong> image acquisition.imagery exploitatioa(•~ The cycle <strong>of</strong> processing<strong>and</strong> printing imagery to the positive or negativestate, assembly into imagery packs, identification,interpretation, mensuration, informationextraction, the preparation <strong>of</strong> reports, 8Dd thedissemination <strong>of</strong> information.lmaaery iJitelllamce-lnteUigeDCe derived fromtbc exploitation <strong>of</strong> collection by visual photography,infrared sensors, lasers, electro-optics,aad radar sensors such as symbetic apenureradar wherein images <strong>of</strong> objects are reproducedoptically or electronically on film. electtoDicdisplay devices, or other media. Also calledIMINT. See also iDtelllpDce; photop-apbiciDtelligeaee.imagery illterpretadoa(*)-1. The praceas <strong>of</strong>location, recopition. ideDdficadcm. IDd description<strong>of</strong> objects, activities, IJid terrainrepresented on imagery. (NATO) 2. 1beextraction <strong>of</strong> information from photograph$ orother recorded images. ·imagery iuterpretatioa key(1')-ADy diagram.chart, table, list, or set <strong>of</strong> examples, ere.,which is used to aid imagery interpreters in therapid identification <strong>of</strong> objects visible on imagery.imagery pack(*)-An assembly <strong>of</strong> tbe recordsfrom different imagery sensors covering acommon target area.imagery sortie(*)-One flight by one aircraft forthe purpose <strong>of</strong> recording air imagery.IMC-See illstrummt meteorological coaditioas.IMINT -see tmaaery iDtelligeace.imitative electromagnetic decepdoa-See electro- -n. mapettc deception. ·lmanedhate air support(*~Air suppon to meetspecific requests which arise duriDg the course<strong>of</strong> a battle <strong>and</strong> which by their nature cannot beplanned in advauce. See also air. support.immediatedecoatamiaatioa(*~Decontaminationcarried out by individuals upon coming contaminaled,to save life <strong>and</strong> minimi7e casualties.This may iDclude decootamjnation <strong>of</strong> someperscma1 clotbing IDdlor equipment. See alsoc~ec:oatamtnation, opentioaal decoatamju.tioa, thoroup decoat•mination.immediate destjnatioa(*~ The next destination <strong>of</strong> t\a ship or amvoy, irrelpective <strong>of</strong> whedler orIDOt onward routiDg instruc:tions bave beenissued to it.immediately .ttal caqo(*)-A cargo alreadyloaded which tbe consignee country regards asiiiiiiWiiatety vital for the prosecution <strong>of</strong> the waror for JWioDII survival, DOtWitbst<strong>and</strong>ing therisk to die ship. If the cargo is canied in aship <strong>of</strong> another Dllion. then tbat aation mustagree to the delivery <strong>of</strong> the cargo. The use <strong>of</strong>this term is limited to the period <strong>of</strong> implementation<strong>of</strong> the shippiDg movement policy. Seealso caJ'IO.immediate messap-A category <strong>of</strong> precedencereserved for messages relating to situations dwgravely affect the security <strong>of</strong> national/allied·forces or populace aDd that require immediatedelivery to the addressee(s). See also precedence.178
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>immediate mission ~uest-A request for an airstrike on a target_~hich, by its nature, couldnot be identifie&-~ufficiently in advance topennit detailed mission coordination <strong>and</strong> planning.See also preplanned mission request.immediate mission request (reconnajssance)-Arequest for a mission on a target which, by itsnature, could not be identified sufficiently inadvance to pennit detailed mission coordination<strong>and</strong> planning.immediate nuclear support-Nuclear support tomeet specific requests which arise during thecourse <strong>of</strong> a battle, <strong>and</strong> which, by their nature,cannot be planned in advance. See also preplannednuclear support; nuclear support.immediate operational readiness-Those operationsdirectly related to the assumption <strong>of</strong> analen or quick-reaction posture. Typical operationsinclude strip alert, airbornealen/indoctrination, no-notice launch <strong>of</strong> an alenforce, <strong>and</strong> the maintenance <strong>of</strong> missiles in analen configuration. See also nuclear weaponexercise; nuclear weapon maneuver.impact action fuze(*)-A fuze that is set in actionby the striking <strong>of</strong> a projectile or bomb againstan object, e.g.~ percussion fuze, contact fuze.Synonymous with direct action fuze. See als<strong>of</strong>uze.impact area-An area having designated boundarieswithin the limits <strong>of</strong> which all ordnancewill detonate or impact.-~impact point-see p8Iiu <strong>of</strong> impact.---~impact. pressure(*)-. The difference between pi totpressure <strong>and</strong> static pressure.implementation-Procedures governing the mobilization<strong>of</strong> the force <strong>and</strong> the deployment, employment,<strong>and</strong> sustainment <strong>of</strong> military opera-tions in response to execution orders issued bythe National Comm<strong>and</strong> Authorities.implementation planning-Operational planningassociated with the conduct <strong>of</strong> a continuingoperation, campaign, or war to attain definedobjectives. At the national level, it includesthe development <strong>of</strong> strategy <strong>and</strong> the assignment<strong>of</strong> strategic tasks to the combatant comm<strong>and</strong>ers.At the theater level, it includes the development<strong>of</strong> campaign plans to attain assignedobjectives <strong>and</strong> the preparation <strong>of</strong> operationplans <strong>and</strong> operation orders to prosecute thecampaign. At lower levels, implementationplanning prepares for the execution <strong>of</strong> assignedtasks or logistic missions. See · also jointoperation planning.implosion weapon-A weapon in which a queani<strong>of</strong> fissionable material, less than a critical sat ordinary pressure, has its volume sudde ·reduced by compression (a step accomplishby using chemical explosives) so that it becomessupercritical, producing a nuclear explosion.imprest fund-A cash fund <strong>of</strong> a fiXed amountestablished through an advance <strong>of</strong> funds, withoutappropriation change, to an authorizedimprest fund cashier to effect immediate cashpayments <strong>of</strong> relatively small amounts for authorizedpurchases· <strong>of</strong> supplies <strong>and</strong> nonpersonalservices.imprint(*)-Brief note in the margin <strong>of</strong> a mapgiving all or some <strong>of</strong> the following: date <strong>of</strong>publication, printing, name <strong>of</strong> publisher, printer,place <strong>of</strong> publication, number <strong>of</strong> copiesprinted, <strong>and</strong> related information.improved conventional munitions-Munitionscharacterized by the delivery <strong>of</strong> two or moreantipersonnel or antimateriel <strong>and</strong>/or antiarmorsubmunitions by an artillery warhead or projectile.179
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>improvised early resilpply(*)-The onward move-·•ment <strong>of</strong> commodities which are available onl<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> which :-can be readily loaded intoships. See also element <strong>of</strong> resupply.improvised explosive device(*)-A device placedor fabricated in an improvised manner incorporatingdestructive, lethal, noxious, pyrotechnic,or incendiary chemicals <strong>and</strong> designed to destroy,incapacitate, harass, or distract.. It mayincorporate military stores, but is nonnallydevised from nonmilitary components.improvised mine-A mine fabricated from availablematerials at or near its point <strong>of</strong> use.improvised nuclear device-A device incorporatingradioactive materials qesigned to result inthe dispersal <strong>of</strong> radioactive material or in theformation <strong>of</strong> nuclear-yield reaction. Suchdevices may be fabricated in a completelyimprovised manner or may be an improvisedmodification to a US or foreign nuclear weapon.Also called IND.inactive aircraft inventory-Aircraft in storage orbailment <strong>and</strong>/or government-furnished equipmenton loan or lease outside <strong>of</strong> the Defenseestablishment or otherwise not available to the<strong>Military</strong> Services.inactive duty training-Authorized training performedby a member <strong>of</strong> a Reserve componentnot on active duty or active duty for training<strong>and</strong> consisting <strong>of</strong> regularly scheduled unittraining assembijes, additional training assemblies,periods <strong>of</strong>;ippropriate duty or equivalenttraining, <strong>and</strong> illy special additional dutiesauthorized for Reserve component personnel bythe Secretary concerned, <strong>and</strong> performed bythem in connection with the prescribed activities<strong>of</strong> the organization in which they areassigned with or without pay. Does not includework or study associated with correspondencecourses. Also called IDT. See also activeduty for training.180inactive status-Status <strong>of</strong> reserve members on aninactive status list <strong>of</strong> a reserve component orassigned to the Inactive Army National Guard.Those in an inactive status may not train forpoints or pay, <strong>and</strong> may not be considered forpromotion.inbound traffic-Traffic ongmating in an areaoutside continental United States destined for ormoving in the general direction <strong>of</strong> continentalUnited States.incapacitating agent-An agent that producestemporary physiological or mental effects, orboth, which will render individuals incapable <strong>of</strong>concened effon in the performance <strong>of</strong> theirassigned duties.incapacitating illness or iJ\iury-The casualtystatus <strong>of</strong> a person whose illness or inj~.ryrequires hospitalization but medical authotftydoes not classify as very seriously ill or injuredor seriously ill or injured <strong>and</strong> the illness orinjury makes the person physically or mentallyunable to communicate with the next <strong>of</strong> kin.Also called m. See also casualty status.incentive type contract-A contract that may be <strong>of</strong>either a fiXed price or cost reimbursementnature, with a special provision for adjustment<strong>of</strong> the fiXed price or fee. It provides for. atentative target price <strong>and</strong> a maximum price ormaximum fee, with price or fee adjustmentafter completion <strong>of</strong> the contract for the purpose<strong>of</strong> establishing a final price or fee based on thecontractor's actual costs plus a sliding scale <strong>of</strong>pr<strong>of</strong>it or fee that varies inversely with the costbut which in no event shall permit the finalprice or fee to exceed the maximum price orfee stated in the contract. See also cost contract;fixed price type contract.incident classification-See search <strong>and</strong> rescueincident classification.~\
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>incident control po;..t-A designated point closeto a terrorist inci4ent where crisis managementforces will rendezvous <strong>and</strong> establish controlcapability before initiating a tactical reaction.See also antiterrorism.incidents-Brief clashes or other military disturbancesgenerally <strong>of</strong> a transitory nature <strong>and</strong> notinvolving protracted hostilities.inclination angle-See pitch angle.IND-See improvised nuclear device.indefmite call sign(*)-A call sign which does notrepresent a specific facility, comm<strong>and</strong>, authority,activity, or unit, but which may representany one or any group <strong>of</strong> these. See also callsign.indermite delivery type contract-A type <strong>of</strong>contract used for procurements where the exacttime <strong>of</strong> delivery is not known at time <strong>of</strong> contracting.independent(*)-A merchant ship under navalcontrol sailed singly <strong>and</strong> unescorted by a warship.See also military independent.independent ejection system-See ejection systems.independent mine(*)-A mine which is not controlledby the user after laying. See also mine.independent reviel!-In computer modeling <strong>and</strong>simulation, a reldew performed by competent,objective revie~rs who are independent <strong>of</strong> themodel developeC. · Independent review includeseither (a) a detailed verification <strong>and</strong>/or validation<strong>of</strong> the model or simulation; or (b) anexamination <strong>of</strong> the verification <strong>and</strong>/or validationperformed by the model or simulationdeveloper. See also accreditation; configurationr nagement; validation; verification. .indicated airspeed-See airspeed.indicated airspeed bold mode-In a flight controlsystem, a control mode in which desired indicatedairspeed <strong>of</strong> an aircraft is maintainedautomatically.air intercept, a code meaning,"Contact speed, by plot, is "indi~ting-Inindications <strong>and</strong> warning-Those intelligenceactivities intended to detect <strong>and</strong> report time-sensitive intelligence information on foreigndevelopments that could involve a threat to theUnited States or ·allied military, political, oreconomic interests or to US citizens abroad. Itincludes forewarning <strong>of</strong> enemy actions orintentions; the imminence <strong>of</strong> hostilities; insurgency;nuclear/non-nuclear attack on the UntedStates, its overseas forces, or allied nati
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Illumination by diffusion: Illumination <strong>of</strong> an~.area beneath <strong>and</strong>--~,o the flanks <strong>of</strong> a slightlyelevated searchliglK or <strong>of</strong> pyrotechnic illuminants,by the light scattered from atmosphericparticles. b. Wumination by reflection:Illumination <strong>of</strong> an area by reflecting light fromlow cloud. Either or both <strong>of</strong> these effects arepresent when a searchlight is used in defiladeor with its beam spread to maximum width.indirect laying(*)-Aiming a gun either by sightingat a fixed object, called the aiming point,instead <strong>of</strong> the target or by using a means <strong>of</strong>pointing other than a sight, such as a gundirector, when the target cannot be seen fromthe gun position.individual equipment-Referring to method <strong>of</strong>use, signifies personal clothing <strong>and</strong> equipment,for the personal use <strong>of</strong> the individual. See alsoequipment.individual mobilization augmentee-An individualreservist attending drills who receives training<strong>and</strong> is preassigned to an active componentorganization, a Selective Service System, or aFederal Emergency Management Agency billetthat must be filled on, or shortly after, mobilization.Individual mobilization augmenteestrain on a part-time basis with these organizationsto prepare for mobilization. Inactive dutytraining for individual mobilization augmenteesis decided by component policy <strong>and</strong> can varyfrom 0 to 48 drills a year.individual mobilization augmentee detachment-An administrativ&nit organized to train <strong>and</strong>manage individ~tnobilization augmentees.individual protective equipment(*)-In nuclear,biological <strong>and</strong> chemical warfare, the personalclothing <strong>and</strong> equipment required to protect anindividual from biological <strong>and</strong> chemical hazards<strong>and</strong> some nuclear effects.individual ready reservist-A member <strong>of</strong> theReady Reserve not assigned to the SelectedReserve <strong>and</strong> not on active duty.individual reserves-The supplies carried on asoldier. animal, or vehicle for individual use inan emergency. See also reserve supplies.individual sponsored dependent-A dependentnot entitled to travel to the overseas comm<strong>and</strong>at Government expense or who enters thecomm<strong>and</strong> without endorsement <strong>of</strong> the appropriateoverseas comm<strong>and</strong>er.induced environment-Any manmade or equipment-madeenvironment which directly orindirectly affects the perfonnance <strong>of</strong> man ormateriel.induced precession(*)-A precession resultilfrom a torque deliberately applied to a gyro~finduced radiation(*)-Radiation produced as aresult <strong>of</strong> exposure to radioactive materials,particularly the capture <strong>of</strong> neutrons. See alsocontamination; initial radiation; residual.radiation; residual radioactivity.induction c:ircuit(*)-ln naval mine warfare, acircuit actuated by the rate <strong>of</strong> change in amagnetic field due to the movement <strong>of</strong> the shipor the changing current in the sweep.industrial mobilization-The transformation <strong>of</strong>industry from its peacetime activity to theindustrial program necessary to support thenational military objectives. It includes themobilization <strong>of</strong> materials, labor. capital, productionfacilities, <strong>and</strong> contributory items <strong>and</strong>services essential to the industrial program.See also mobilization.industrial preparedness-The state <strong>of</strong> preparedness<strong>of</strong> industry to produce essential materiel tosupport the .national military objectives.182
illcbBtrial preparedness ·program-Plans, actions,or measures .for the ttansformation <strong>of</strong> theindustrial base, both government-owned <strong>and</strong>civilian-owned, from its peacetime activity tothe emergency program necessary to supporttbe national military objectives. It includesiDdustrial preparedness measures such as modernization,expansion, <strong>and</strong> preservation <strong>of</strong> theproduction facilities <strong>and</strong> contributory items audservices for planning with indusuy.iDcbBtrial property-As distinpished froDi militaryproperty, means any contractor acquired orgovernment-furnished property, iDcluding. materials, special tooling, <strong>and</strong> industrial facilities,furnished or acquired in the performauce<strong>of</strong> a contract or subcontract......<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>iDfiltration-1. The movement through or into anarea or territory occupied by either friendly orenemy troops or organizations. The movementis made, either by small groups or by individuals,at extended or irregular intervals. Whenused in connection with the enemy, it inferstbat contact is avoided. 2. In intelligenceusage, placing an agent or other person in awget area in hostile territory. Usually involvescrossing a frontier or other guarded line.Methods <strong>of</strong> infiltration are: black (cl<strong>and</strong>estine);grey (through legal crossing point but underfalse documentation); white Oegal).inflammable cargo-Cargo such as drummedgasoline <strong>and</strong> oils. See also cargo.inftipt pha•e-The flight <strong>of</strong> a missile or spaceindustrial readiness-See iDcbBtrial prepared- vehicle from launch to detonation or impact .iDert fllliq
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>porting, a person who bas provided specificinformation aDd is cited as a source.illformatioa(*)-1. Unprocessed data <strong>of</strong> everydescription which may be used in the production<strong>of</strong> intelligence. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 2. The meaningtbat a human assigns to data by means <strong>of</strong> theJcnown conventions used in their representation.See also combat illformatioa; iDtellipDcecycle.iDformatiou bos(*)-A space on an annotatedoverlay, mosaic, ~. etc., which is used foridentification, reference, aDd scale information.See also refereuce box.iDformatioa proeessiag-See intelligence cycle.iDformatioa report-Repon used to forward rawinformation collected to fulfill intelligencerequiremems.iDformatioa requirements(*)-1bose items <strong>of</strong>information regarding the enemy <strong>and</strong> bis enviroameutwhich aced to be collected aud p~cessed in order to meet the intelligence requirements<strong>of</strong> a comm<strong>and</strong>er. See also priorityildelligeDce requiremeats.iDformer-Person who imemionally disclOses topolice or to a security service informationabout persons or activities considered suspect,usually for a financial reward.iDfrared film-Film carrying an emulsion especiallyseusitive to •near-infrared. • Used to photographthrough haze, because <strong>of</strong> the penetratingpower <strong>of</strong> infrared light; aDd in camouflagedetection to distiDguish between living vegetation<strong>and</strong> dead vegetation or ~cial greenpigmem.iDfrared imaiery-That imagery produced as aresult <strong>of</strong> sensing electromagnetic radiationsemitted or reflected from a giv~ wget surfacein the infrared position <strong>of</strong> the electromagneticspectrum (approximately 0.72 to 1,000 microns).iDfr<strong>and</strong> liDescaD system(•)-A passive airborneinfrared ·recording system which scans ~rossthe ground beneath the flight path, addingsuccessive lines to the record as the vehicleadvances along the flight path.iDfrared photography-Photography employing anoptical system <strong>and</strong> direct image recording onfilm sensitive to near-infrared wavelength(infrared film). Note: Not to be confused withinfrared imagery.iDfr<strong>and</strong> ndiatiou(*)-Radiation emitted or reflectedin the infrared ponion <strong>of</strong> the electromagnetic.spectrum.iDfrastructure(*)-A term generally applicable toall fixed <strong>and</strong> permanent installations, fabrica- .tious, or facilities for the suppon <strong>and</strong> conuol <strong>of</strong>military forces. See also bilateral iDfrastructure;common iDfnstructili'e; uatioDal infra- (\stractare.iDitial acdYe duty lor t:raiJdDa-Buic militarytraining aDd teclmical skill training required forall accessious. For nonprior service maleenlistees, between the ages <strong>of</strong> 18 1/2 <strong>and</strong> 26,initial active duty for training sball be not lesstban 12 weeks IDd start ins<strong>of</strong>ar as practicalwithin 270 days after enlistment. Initial activeduty for trainiDg for all other enlistees <strong>and</strong>iDductees sball be prescribed by the Secretaryconcerned aDd stan ins<strong>of</strong>ar as practical within360 days <strong>of</strong> entry into the Service, except intime <strong>of</strong> war or national emergency declared byCongress or the President wben basic trainingsball be not less than 12 weeks or its equivalent.Reservists may not be assigned to activeduty on l<strong>and</strong> outside the United States or itsterritories <strong>and</strong> possessions until basic trainingbas been completed.184
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1..<strong>02</strong>initial approacb(*)-a. That pan <strong>of</strong> an instrumentapproach procedure in which the ~ basdeparted an initial approach fix or point <strong>and</strong> ismaneuvering to enter the intermediate or finalapproach. It ends at the intermediate fix orpoint or, where no intermediate segmem isestablished, at the final approach .fix or point.b. That pan <strong>of</strong> a visual approach <strong>of</strong> an aircraftimmediately prior to anival over the airfield <strong>of</strong>destination, or over the reporting point fromwhich the final approach to the airfield iscommenced.illitial approach area(*)-An area <strong>of</strong> definedwidth lying between the last prectding navigationalfix or dead reckoning position <strong>and</strong> eitherthe facility to be used for making an instrumentapproach or a point associated with such afacility that is used for demarcating the termination<strong>of</strong> initial approach.iDitial assessmem-An assessment tbat provides abasic determination <strong>of</strong> the- viability <strong>of</strong> theinfiltration <strong>and</strong> exfilttation ponion <strong>of</strong> a proposedspecial operations forces mission. Alsocalled lA.ioitial contact report-See contact report.iDitial draft plan(*)-A plan which bas beendrafted 8Dd coordinated by the origiuatiDaheadquarters, <strong>and</strong> is ready for external coordinationwith other · miliwy headquarters. Itcannot be directly implemented by the issuingcomm<strong>and</strong>er, but it may form the basis for anoperation order issued by the comm<strong>and</strong>er in theevent <strong>of</strong> an emergency. See also draft plan;coordinated draft plan; fiDa1 plan; operationplan.iDitial early resupply(*)-The onwud movement<strong>of</strong> ships which are already loaded with cargoeswhich will serve the requiremems after D-day.This includes such shipping evacuation frommajor pons/major water terminals <strong>and</strong> subsequentlydispersed to secondary pons/alternatewater terminals <strong>and</strong> anchorages.elemeDt <strong>of</strong> resupply.See alsoiDitial mtry into <strong>Military</strong> Serrice-Entty for thefirst time into military status (active duty orreserve) by induction, enlistment, or appointmentin any Service <strong>of</strong> the Armed Forces <strong>of</strong>the United Swes. Appointment may be as acommissioned or warrant <strong>of</strong>ficer; as a cadet ormidshipman at the Service academy <strong>of</strong> one <strong>of</strong>the armed forces; or as a midshipman, USNaval Reserve, for US Naval Reserve Officers'Training Corps training at a civilian institution.iaitial issues-The issue <strong>of</strong> materiel not previouslyfurnished to an individual or organization,including new inductees <strong>and</strong> newly activatedorganizations, <strong>and</strong> the issue <strong>of</strong> newly authorizeditems <strong>of</strong> materiel.iDitial operatioaal capability-The first attainment<strong>of</strong> the capability to employ effectively a weapon,item <strong>of</strong> equipment, or system <strong>of</strong> approvedspecific characteristics, <strong>and</strong> which is manned oroperated by an adequately trained, equipped,8Dd supported military unit or force. Alsocalled IOC.iDltial plitb sweepiDg(*)-ln naval mine warfare,initial sweeping to clear a path through a minedarea dangerous to the following mine sweepers.See also precursor sweepillg.iDltial photo interpretation report-A first-phaseinterpretation repon, subsequent to the <strong>Joint</strong>Tactical Air Reconnaissance/SurveillanceMission Report, presenting the results <strong>of</strong> theinitial readout <strong>of</strong> new imagery to answer thespecific requirements for which the missionwas requested.iDitial poiDt-1. The first point at which a movingtarget is located on a plotting board. 2. Awell-defined point, easily distinguishable visually<strong>and</strong>/or electronically, used as a staning pointfor the bomb run to the target. 3. air-185
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1..<strong>02</strong>bome-A point close to the l<strong>and</strong>ing area whereserials (troop canier air formations) make finalalterations in course to pass over individualdrop or l<strong>and</strong>ing zones. 4. helicopter-An aircontrol point in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>ing zonefrom which individual flights <strong>of</strong> helicopters aredirected to their prescribed ]atvling sites. S.Arty designated place at which a column orelement there<strong>of</strong> is formed by the successiveanival <strong>of</strong> its various subdivisions, aDd comesunder the control <strong>of</strong> the ~ orderingthe move. See also target approadl polllt.iaitial programmed iDterpretation repolt(*)-Ast<strong>and</strong>ardized imagery interpretation reportproviding information on programmed missionobjectives or other vital intelligence informationwhich can be readily identified near theseobjectives, <strong>and</strong> which has not been reponedelsewhere. Also called IPIR.iDitial pronsloDIDg-The process <strong>of</strong> determiniDgthe range <strong>and</strong> quantity <strong>of</strong> items (i.e., spares<strong>and</strong> repair pans, special tools, test equipment,<strong>and</strong> suppon equipment) required to suppon aDdmaintain an item for an initial period <strong>of</strong> service.Its phases include the identification <strong>of</strong>items <strong>of</strong> supply, the establisbmellt <strong>of</strong> data forcatalog, technical manual, aDd allowance listpreparation, <strong>and</strong> the preparation <strong>of</strong> iDstructiODSto assure delivery <strong>of</strong> necessuy suppon itemswith related end articles.iDitial radiation(*)-The radiation, esseatiallyneutrons <strong>and</strong> gamma rays, resultiug from anuclear bunt <strong>and</strong> emitted from .the fireballwithin one minute after burst. See also IDclw:edradiation; ·residual radiatiOD.iaitial reserves-In an amphibious operatiODS,those supplies which normally are unloadedimmediately following the assault waves;usually the supplies for the use <strong>of</strong> the beachorganization, battalion l<strong>and</strong>ing teams, <strong>and</strong> otherelements <strong>of</strong> regimental combat teams for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> initiating aDd sustaining combat186until higher supply installations are established.See. also reserve supplies.illltial respoDSe fon:e-The first unit, usuallymilitary police, on the scene <strong>of</strong> a terroristincicleut. See also aDdterrorism.bdtlal aaloacting period(*)-ln amphibious operations,tbal pan <strong>of</strong> the ship-tO-shore movementin which UDloadiDg is primarily tactical incharacter <strong>and</strong> must be instantly responsive tol<strong>and</strong>ing force requirements. All elementsintended to l<strong>and</strong> during this period are serialized.See also geoeraiUDioading period.bdtlal Yedor-The iilitial comm<strong>and</strong> beading to beusumed by an interceptor after it bas beencommitted to intercept an airborne object.bdtlal •elocity-5ee muzzle •elodty.bdtlatiDg dbedite-An order to tbe CQ1111118Dder,amphibious task force, to CODduct an amphibious~on. It is issued by the unifiedCQ1111118Dder, subuDified COD1IDIDder, Servicecomponent comm<strong>and</strong>er, or joint force commaDderdelegated overall responsibility for theoperation.bdtiatiOD <strong>of</strong> .. uewemeat adiOD-1bat point intime when tbe approved document requestiDgprocuremeat aDd citiDg fuads is forwarded tothe procuriDg activity. See also procmtmeatlead time.lqfury-A term comprising such collditions asfracaures, WOUDds, spraiDs, atraiDs, clislocatiODS,CODCUSSions, aDd compressioDS. Inaddition, it includes conditions resulting fromexttemes <strong>of</strong> temperature or prolonged exposure.Acute poisonings, except those due tocontami!UitecJ food, resultiDg from exposure toa toxic or poisonous substance are also classedas injuries. See also battle casualty; casualty;Donbattle casualty; WOUDded.I ~I.·
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>illl<strong>and</strong> search <strong>and</strong> rescue region-The inl<strong>and</strong>areas <strong>of</strong> continental United States, exceptwaters under the jurisdiction <strong>of</strong> the UnitedStates. See also search <strong>and</strong> rescue region.bmer tnmsport area-In amphibious operations,an area as close to the l<strong>and</strong>ing beach as depth<strong>of</strong> water, navigational hazards, boat traffic, <strong>and</strong>. enemy action permit, to which ttansports maymove to expedite unloading. ·See also outertnmsport area; tnmsport ...iD-plac.e fon:e-1. A NATO assigned forcewhich, in peacetime, is principally sWioned inthe designated combat zone <strong>of</strong> the NATOcomm<strong>and</strong> to which it is committed. 2. Forcewithin a combatant COIIIIIWlder's area <strong>of</strong> responsibility<strong>and</strong> under the combatant comm<strong>and</strong>er'scombatant comm<strong>and</strong> (comm<strong>and</strong>authority).iashore patroi(•)-A naval defense pattol operatinggenerally within a naval defense coastalarea aod comprising all elemems <strong>of</strong> harbordefenses, the coastal lookout system, pattolcraft supporting bases, aircraft, IDd CoastGuard statioas.illspedicm-ln arms CODtrol, physical process <strong>of</strong>· cleterminiDg compliaDce with arms controlmeasures.iDstallaticm-A grouping <strong>of</strong> facilities, located inthe same vicinity, which support panicularfunctions. Installations may be elements. <strong>of</strong> abase • .See also bate; base compls.jnstpllatfon comm<strong>and</strong>er-The ludividual responsiblefor all operations performed by an installation.See also IUititeiTOrism; base C011111181ld. er; iDstallatiOD.iDstallation complex-In the Air Force, a combination<strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> facilities comprised <strong>of</strong> amain installation <strong>and</strong> its noncontiguous properties(auxiliary air fields, annexes <strong>and</strong> missilefields) which provide direct support to or aresupported by that installation. Installationcomplexes may comprise two or more properties,e.g., a major installation, a minor installation,or a support site, each with its associatedannex(es) or support propeny(ies). See alsoIIU\Jor iDstallation; minor iDstallation; su~port site.instructional aiine(•)-An inert mine used forinstruction <strong>and</strong> normally sectionalized for thispurpose. See also inert mine.instrument approach procedure(•)-A series <strong>of</strong>predetermined maneuvers for the orderlytraDSfer <strong>of</strong> an aircraft under instrument flightconditions from the beginning <strong>of</strong> the initialapproach to a l<strong>and</strong>ing or to a point from whicha l<strong>and</strong>ing may be made visually or the missedapproach procedure is initiated.instrument Dight(•)-Flight in which the path <strong>and</strong>attitude <strong>of</strong> the aircraft are conuolled solely byreference to instruments.instrumeat l<strong>and</strong>iDa system(•)-A system <strong>of</strong> radionavigation intended to assist aircraft in l<strong>and</strong>ingwhich provides lateral aDd vertical guidance,which may include indications <strong>of</strong> distance fromthe optimum point <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing.lastrumeat meteorolopcal conditioas-Meteorologicalconditions expressed in terms <strong>of</strong> visibility,distance from cloud, <strong>and</strong> ceiling; less thanminimums specified for visual meteorologicalCODditions. Also called JMC. See also visualmeteorological conditiom.in support
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>in support <strong>of</strong>(•)-Assisting or protecting anotherformation, unit, or organization while remainingunder original control.illsurpDc:y
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>laser intelligencef measurement <strong>and</strong> signatureintelligence;~edical intelligence; merchantintelligen~; military intelligence;national intelligence; nuclear intelligence;open source intelligence; operational intelligence;photographic intelligence; politicalintelligence; radar intelligence; radiationintelligence; scientific <strong>and</strong> technical intelligence;security intelligence; strategic intelligence;tactical intelligence; target intelligence;technical intelligence; technical operationalintelligence; telemetry intelligence;ierrain intelligence; unintentional radiationintelligence.intelligence annex-A supporting document <strong>of</strong> anoperation plan or order that provides detailedinformation on the enemy situation, assignment<strong>of</strong> intelligence tasks, <strong>and</strong> intelligence administrativeprocedures.intelligence collection plan-A plan for gatheringinformation from all available sources to meetan intelligence requirement. Specifically, alogical plan for transforming the essentialelements <strong>of</strong> information into orders or requeststo sources within a required time limit. Seealso intelligence cycle.intelligence contingency funds-Appropriatedfu~ds to be used for intelligence activities whenthe use <strong>of</strong> other funds is not applicable orwould either jeopardize or impede the mission<strong>of</strong> the intelligence unit.intelligence cycle-Tbe steps by which informationis convened intcBntelligence <strong>and</strong> made availableto users. ~ere are five steps in the cycle:a. planning .<strong>and</strong>- direction-Determination <strong>of</strong>intelligence requirements, preparation <strong>of</strong> acollection plan, issuance <strong>of</strong> orders <strong>and</strong> requeststo information collection agencies, <strong>and</strong> a continuouscheck on the productivity <strong>of</strong> collectionagencies. b. collection-Acquisition <strong>of</strong> information<strong>and</strong> the provision <strong>of</strong> this information toprocessing <strong>and</strong>/or production elements. c.processing-Conversion <strong>of</strong> collected informationinto a fonn suitable to the production <strong>of</strong>intelligence. d. production-Conversion <strong>of</strong>information into intelligence through the integration,analysis, evaluation, <strong>and</strong> interpretation<strong>of</strong> all source data <strong>and</strong> the preparation <strong>of</strong> intelligenceproducts in support <strong>of</strong> known or anticipateduser requirements. e.disSemination-Conveyance <strong>of</strong> intelligence tousers in a suitable fonn.intelligence data base-The sum <strong>of</strong> holdings <strong>of</strong>intelligence data <strong>and</strong> finished intelligenceproducts at a given organization.intelligence data h<strong>and</strong>ling systems-Informationsystems that process <strong>and</strong> manipulate raw information<strong>and</strong> intelligence data as required. Theyare characterized by the application <strong>of</strong> generalpurpose computers, peripheral equipment, ldautomated storage <strong>and</strong> retrieval equipment ordocuments <strong>and</strong> photographs. While automat nis a distinguishing characteristic <strong>of</strong> intelligencedata h<strong>and</strong>ling systems, individual system componentsmay be either automated or manuallyoperated.intelligence doctrine-Fundamental principles thatguide the preparation <strong>and</strong> subsequent .provision<strong>of</strong> intelligence to a comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> staff to aidin planning <strong>and</strong> conducting military operations.See also doctrine; joint doctrine; joint intelligencedoctrine.intelligence estimate(*)-The appraisal, expressedin writing or orally, <strong>of</strong> available intelligencerelating to a specific situation or condition witha view to determining the courses <strong>of</strong> actionopen to the enemy or potential enemy <strong>and</strong> theorder <strong>of</strong> probability <strong>of</strong> their adoption.intelligence journal-A chronological log <strong>of</strong>intelligence activities covering a stated period,usually 24 hours. It is an index <strong>of</strong> reports <strong>and</strong>messages that have been received <strong>and</strong> transmitted,<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> important events that have oc-189
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>curred, <strong>and</strong> acti$ taken. The journal is apermanent <strong>and</strong> O~!=ial record.intelligence operations-The variety <strong>of</strong> intelligencetasks that are carried out by variousintelligence organizations <strong>and</strong> activities. Predominantly,it refers to either intelligencecollection or intelligence production activities.When used in the context <strong>of</strong> intelligence collectionactivities, intelligence operations refer tocollection, processing, exploitation, <strong>and</strong> reporting<strong>of</strong> infonnation. When used in the context<strong>of</strong> intelligence production activities, it refers tocollation, integration, interpretation, <strong>and</strong> analysis,leading to the dissemination <strong>of</strong> a finishedproduct.intelligence preparation <strong>of</strong> the battlrspace-Ananalytical methodology employed to reduceuncertainties concerning the enemy, environment,<strong>and</strong> terrain for all types <strong>of</strong> operations.Intelligence preparation <strong>of</strong> the battlespacebuilds an extensive data base for each potentialarea in which a unit may be required to operate.The data base is then analyzed in detail todetermine the impact <strong>of</strong> the enemy, environment,<strong>and</strong> terrain on operations <strong>and</strong> presents itin graphic form. Intelligence preparation <strong>of</strong> thebattles pace is a continuing process. Also calledIPB.intelligence-related activities-I. Those activitiesoutside the consolidated defense intelligenceprogram which: a. Respond to operationalcomm<strong>and</strong>ers' tasking for time-sensitive informationon forei8!l: entities; b. Respond tonational intellig~ community tasking <strong>of</strong>systems whose primary mission is support tooperating forces; C. · Train personnel for intelligenceduties; d. Provide an intelligence reserve;or e. Are devoted to research <strong>and</strong>development <strong>of</strong> intelligence or related capabilities.2. Specifically excluded are programswhich are so closely integrated with a weaponsystem that their primary function is to provideimmediate-use targeting data.intelligence report-A specific report <strong>of</strong> information,usually on a single item, made at anylevel <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> in tacti~ operations <strong>and</strong>disseminated as rapidly as possible in keepingwith the timeliness <strong>of</strong> the information. Alsoca]led INTREP.intelligence reporting-The preparation <strong>and</strong> conveyance<strong>of</strong> infonnation by any means. Morecommonly, the term is restricted to reports asthey are prepared by the collector <strong>and</strong> as theyare transmitted by the collector to the latter'sheadquarters <strong>and</strong> by this component <strong>of</strong> theintelligence structure to one or more intelligence-producingcomponents. Thus, even inthis limited sense, reporting embraces bothcollection <strong>and</strong> dissemination. The term isapplied to normal <strong>and</strong> specialist intelligenFreports. See also normal intelligence repo,;specialist intelligence reports.intelligence requirement-Any subject, general orspecific, upon which there is a need for thecollection <strong>of</strong> infonnation, or the production <strong>of</strong>intelligence. See also essential elements <strong>of</strong>information; priority intelligence . requirements.intelligence subject code-A system <strong>of</strong> subject <strong>and</strong>area references to index the information containedin intelligence reports as required by ageneral intelligence document reference service.intelligence summary-A specific repon providinga summary <strong>of</strong> items <strong>of</strong> intelligence at frequentintervals. See also intelligence.intelligence system-Any formal or informalsystem to manage data gathering, to obtain <strong>and</strong>process the data, to interpret the data, <strong>and</strong> toprovide reasoned judgments to decisionmakersas a basis for action.· The term is not limitedto intelligence organizations or services butincludes any system, in all its parts, that accomplishesthe listed tasks.1/\o.>.!190
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>intensity factor(*)-A multiplying factor used inplanning activitief to evaluate the foreseeableintensity or the $~cific nature <strong>of</strong> an operationin a given area for a given period <strong>of</strong> time. Itis applied to the st<strong>and</strong>ard day <strong>of</strong> supply inorder to calculate the combat day <strong>of</strong> supply.intensity mine circuit(*)-A circuit whose actuationis dependent on the field strength reachinga level differing by some pre-set minimumfrom that experienced by the mine when noships are in the vicinity.intensive management-The continuous processby which the supported <strong>and</strong> supporting comm<strong>and</strong>ers,the Services, transportation componentcomm<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> appropriate Defenseagencies ensure that movement data in the <strong>Joint</strong>Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution Systemtime-phased force <strong>and</strong> deployment data for theinitial days <strong>of</strong> deployment <strong>and</strong>/or mobilizationare current to support immediate execution.intention-An aim or design (as distinct fromcapability) to execute a specified course <strong>of</strong>action.intercepting search(*)-A type <strong>of</strong> search designedto intercept an enemy whose previous positionis known <strong>and</strong> the limits <strong>of</strong> whose subsequentcourse <strong>and</strong> speed can be assumed ..interceptor(*)-A manned aircraft utilized foridentification <strong>and</strong>/or engagement <strong>of</strong> airborneobjects.intercept point(*)4ite point to which an airbornevehicle is vectored or guided to complete aninterception .. -~ •intercept rec:eiver(*)-A receiver designed todetect <strong>and</strong> provide visual <strong>and</strong>/or aural indication<strong>of</strong> electromagnetic emissions occurringwithin the particular portion <strong>of</strong> the electro-magneticspectrum to which it is tuned.interchangeability(*)-A condition which existswhen two or more items possess such functional<strong>and</strong> physical characteristics as to be equivalentin performance <strong>and</strong> durability, <strong>and</strong> arecapable <strong>of</strong> being exchanged one for the otherwithout alteration <strong>of</strong> the items themselves, or<strong>of</strong> adjoining items, except for adjustment, <strong>and</strong>without selection for fit <strong>and</strong> performance. Seealso compatibility.inter-chart relationship diagram(*)-A diagramon a map or chart showing names <strong>and</strong>/ornumbers <strong>of</strong> adjacent sheets in the same orrelated series. Also called index to adjoiningsheets. See also map index.intercoastal traffic-Sea traffic between Atlantic,Gulf, <strong>and</strong> Great Lakes continental United Statespons <strong>and</strong> Pacific continental United Stfesports.Jintercom-A telephone apparatus by means J <strong>of</strong>which personnel can talk to each other withinan aircraft, tank, ship, or activity.interconnection-The linking together <strong>of</strong> interoperablesystems.intercontinental ballistic missile-A ballisticmissile with a range capability from about3,000 to 8,000 nautical miles.intercount dormant period(*)-ln naval minewarfare, the period after the actuation <strong>of</strong> a shipcounter before it is ready to receive anotheractuation.interdepartmental/agency support-Provision <strong>of</strong>logistic <strong>and</strong>/or administrative support in servicesor materiel by one or more <strong>Military</strong> Servicesto one or more departments or agencies <strong>of</strong> theUnited States Government (other than military)with or without reimbursement. See alsointernational logistic support; inter-Servicesupport; support.191
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>interdepartmental in~lligence-lntegrated departmentalintelligence· that is required by departments<strong>and</strong> agenci$ <strong>of</strong> the United States Governmentfor the execution <strong>of</strong> their missions butwhich transcends the exclusive competence <strong>of</strong>a single depanment or agency to produce.interdiction-An action to divert, disrupt, delay,or destroy the enemy's surface military potentialbefore it can be used effectively againstfriendly forces. See also air interdiction.interface-A boundary or point common to two ormore similar or dissimilar comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> controlsystems, sub-systems, or other entitiesagainst which or at which necessary inforrilationflow takes place.interim rmancing-Advance payments, partialpayments, loans, discounts, advances, <strong>and</strong>commitments in connection therewith; <strong>and</strong>guarantees <strong>of</strong> loans, discounts, advances, _<strong>and</strong>commitments in connection therewith; <strong>and</strong> anyother type <strong>of</strong> financing necessary for bothperfonnance <strong>and</strong> tennination <strong>of</strong> contracts.interim JTIDS message specification-See tacticaldigital information link.interim overhaul-An availability for the accomplishment<strong>of</strong> necessary repairs <strong>and</strong> urgent·alterations at a naval shipyard or other shorebasedrepair activity, normally scheduledhalfway through the established regular overhaulcycle.inter-look dormant ~od(*)-ln mine warfare,the time interval after each look in a multi-lookmine, during whi~ .the firing mechanism willnot register.intermediate approach(*)-That part <strong>of</strong> an instrumentapproach procedure in which aircraftconfiguration, speed <strong>and</strong> positioning adjustmentsare made. It blends the initial approachsegment into the final approach segment. It192begins at the intermediate ftx or point <strong>and</strong> endsat the final approach fix or point.Intermediate Force Planning Level-The forcelevel established during Planning Force developmentto depict the buildup from the CurrentForce to the Planning Force. The IntermediateForce Planning Level is insufficient to carryout ·strategy with a reasonable assurance <strong>of</strong>success <strong>and</strong> consequently cannot be referred toas the Planning Force. See also CurrentForce; force; Programmed Forces.intermediate maintenance (field)-That maintenancewhich is the responsibility <strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> performedby designated maintenance activities fordirect support <strong>of</strong> using organizations. Itsphases nonnally consist <strong>of</strong>: a. calibratio~repair, or replacement <strong>of</strong> damaged or unseviceable parts, components, or assemblies; .the emergency manufacture <strong>of</strong> nonavailabpans; <strong>and</strong> c. providing technical assistance tousing organizations.intermediate marker (l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare)(*)-Amarker, natural, artificial or specially installed,which . is used as a point <strong>of</strong> reference betweenthe l<strong>and</strong>mark <strong>and</strong> the minefield. See alsomarker (l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare).intermediate objective(*)-ln l<strong>and</strong> warfare, anarea or feature between the line <strong>of</strong> departure<strong>and</strong> an objective which must be seized <strong>and</strong>/orheld.intermediate-range ballistic missile-A ballisticmissile with a range capability from about1,500 to 3,000 nautical miles.intermediate-range bomber aircraft-A bomberdesigned for a tactical operating radius <strong>of</strong>between 1,000 to 2,500 nautical miles at designgross weight <strong>and</strong> design bomb load.(~-~''
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>iDtermiuent arming dmce(•)-A device includedin a mine so that it will be anned only at settimes.iDtermltteDt Wnmtnation(*)-A type <strong>of</strong> fire inwhich illuminating projectiles are fired atirregular intervals.interual audience-US military members <strong>and</strong>civilian employees <strong>and</strong> their immediate families.One <strong>of</strong> the audiences comprising theconcept <strong>of</strong> "<strong>Pub</strong>lics." See also extemal audience;public.intemal defense <strong>and</strong> development-The full range<strong>of</strong> measures taken by a nation to promote itsgrowth aDd to protect itself from subversion,lawlessness, <strong>and</strong> insurgency. It focuses onbuilding viable institutions (political, economic,social, <strong>and</strong> military) tbat respond to the needs<strong>of</strong> society. Also called IDAD. See also foreipiatemal defease.iDteraal racliation(*)-Nuclear radiation (alpha<strong>and</strong> beta particles <strong>and</strong> gamma radiation) resultingfrom radioactive substaDces in the body.iatemal security-The state <strong>of</strong> law aad orderprevailing within a Dation.bltematioaal arms c:oJdral orpnl?atioa-ADappropriately constituted orpnization ~lished to supervise <strong>and</strong> verify the implementation<strong>of</strong> arms control measures.·latematicmal Atomic Time-The time referencescale established by the Bureau Imematioualdes Poids et Mesurr:s on the basis <strong>of</strong> atomicclock readings from various laboratories arouadthe world. Also called TAl.bltemational call sip(•)-A call sign assigued inaccordance with the provisions <strong>of</strong> the InternationalTelecommunications Union to idemify aradio station. The nationality <strong>of</strong> the radiostation is identified by the ~ or tbe first twocharacters. (When used in visual signaling,international call signs are referred to as "signalletters.") See also aill sign.international cooperative logistics(*)-Cooperation<strong>and</strong> mutual suppon .in thefield <strong>of</strong> logistics through the coordination <strong>of</strong>policies, plans, procedures, development activities,<strong>and</strong> the common supply <strong>and</strong> exchange <strong>of</strong>goods· <strong>and</strong> services arranged on the basis <strong>of</strong>bilateral <strong>and</strong> multilateral agreements withappropriate cost reimbursement provisions.intematioaal date tiDe(•)-The line coincidingapproximately with the anti-meridian <strong>of</strong> Greenwich,modified to avoid cenain habitable l<strong>and</strong>.In crossing this line there is a date change <strong>of</strong>ODe day. Also called elate line.intematioaal identification code(•)-In railwayterminology. a code which identifies a militarytrain from point <strong>of</strong> origin to final destination.The code consists <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> figures, letters,or symbols indicating the priority, country <strong>of</strong>origin, day <strong>of</strong> departure, riitional identificationcode number, aDd country <strong>of</strong> destination <strong>of</strong> thetrain.bderaationalloacliDg page (GIC)(*)-The loadinggauge upon which intemational railwayagreements are based. A load whose dimensiCRLtfall within tbe limits <strong>of</strong> this gauge maymove without restriction on most <strong>of</strong> the railways<strong>of</strong> Continental Western Europe. GIC isan abbreviation for "gabarit international dechargement," fonnerly called PPI.iatematioaallogistics-Tbe negotiating, planning,aDd implementation <strong>of</strong> supponing logisticsarrangements between nations, their forces, <strong>and</strong>agencies. It includes furnishing logistic suppon(major end items, materiel, <strong>and</strong>/or services) to,or receiving logistic suppon from, one or morefriendly foreign governments, internationalorganizations, or military forces, with orwithout reimbursement. It also includes plan-193
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>Ding <strong>and</strong> actions related to the intermeshing <strong>of</strong>a significant element,· activity, or· component <strong>of</strong>the military logistics systems or procedures <strong>of</strong>the United Swes with those <strong>of</strong> one or moreforeign governments, international organiD·tions, or military forces on a temporary orpennanent basis. It includes planning <strong>and</strong>actions related to the utilization <strong>of</strong> UnitedSwes logistics policies, systems, aDd/or procedures.to meet requirements <strong>of</strong> cme or moreforeign govermnents, international organizations,or forces.iDteraatioD81 logistic support-The provision <strong>of</strong>military logistic suppon by one panicipatingnation to one or more panicipating nations,either with or without reimbursement. See alsoIDterdepartmeatal/ageac:y support; inter-Serncesupport; support.lnterDatioDBI military educatiOD aad trabdDiFormal or informal instruction provided t<strong>of</strong>oreign military students, units, 8Dd forces ona nonreimbursable (grant) basis by <strong>of</strong>fices oremployee: <strong>of</strong> the United States, comract teclmi-: ciaDs, me.: contractors. IDstruction may includecorrespondence courses; technical, educationalor informational publications; 8Dd media <strong>of</strong> allkinds. See also Uaited States <strong>Military</strong> SernceFunded Foreip 1'raiJdDc.IDtel'llatioD81 PeKe Force-An appropriatelyconstituted organization established for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> preserviDg world peace.iDtemed-See mlssiag.iDterocular distaDce-The distance between thecenters <strong>of</strong> rotation <strong>of</strong> the eyeballs <strong>of</strong> an individualor between the oculars <strong>of</strong> optical iDstrumems.iDteroperabWty(*)-1. 1be ability <strong>of</strong> systems,units or forces to provide services to <strong>and</strong> acceptservices from other systems, units, or forces<strong>and</strong> to use the services so exchanged to enable194them to operate effectively together. (<strong>DOD</strong>)2. The condition achieved among communications-electronicssystems or items <strong>of</strong> connnunications-electronicsequipment when informationor services can be exchanged directly <strong>and</strong>satisfactorily between them <strong>and</strong>/or their users.The degree <strong>of</strong> interoperability should be definedwhen referring to specific cases.illteroperatloa-Tbe use <strong>of</strong> interoperable systems,units, or forces.interphone-See intercom.iaterpretabWty(•)-Suitability <strong>of</strong> imagery forinterpretation with respeCt to answering adequatelyrequirements on a given type· <strong>of</strong> targetin terms <strong>of</strong> quality <strong>and</strong> scale. Lpoor-Imageryis unsuitable .for interpretation to answeradequately requirements on a given type <strong>of</strong>target. b. fair-Imagery is suitable for inter·prewion to answer requirements on a giventype <strong>of</strong> target but with only average detail. c.aood-lmagery is sUitable for interpretation toanswer requirements on a given type <strong>of</strong> W'getin considerable detail. d. acelleat-lmageryis suitable for interpretation to answer requirememson a given type <strong>of</strong> target in completedetail.· bderpretadoa-A stage iD the imelligence c.ycle inwbicb the sipificauce <strong>of</strong> information is judgediD relation to ·the current body <strong>of</strong> knowledge.blterroptioa (iDtelligeace)-Systematic effon toprocure information by direct questioning <strong>of</strong> aperson UDder tbe control <strong>of</strong> the questioner.lllter-Serrice educatfoa-<strong>Military</strong> education whichis provided by one Service to members <strong>of</strong>another Service. See also mWtary eduaatioa;miUtary tralldDg.bder-Serric:e support-Action by one <strong>Military</strong>Service or element there<strong>of</strong> to provide logistic<strong>and</strong>/or administrative suppon to another Mili-0
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>tary Service or element there<strong>of</strong>. Such actioncan be recurring or nonrecurring in characteron an installation, area, or worldwide basis.See also interdepartmental/agency support;intenlational logistic support; support.inter-5ervice trainillg-Miliwy training which isprovided by one Service to members <strong>of</strong> anotherService. See also military education; militarytrainiDg.intertheater-Between theaters or between thecontinental United States <strong>and</strong> theaters. See alsointertheater traffic.intertheater traffic-Traffic between theatersexclusive <strong>of</strong> that between the continemaJ UnitedStates 8lld theaters.iDterval(*)-1. The space between adjacent groups<strong>of</strong> ships or boats measured in any directionbetween the corresponding ships or boats ·ineach group. 2. The space between adjacemiDdividuals, ground vehicles, or units in aformation · dw are placed side by side, measuredabreast. 3. The space between adjacentaircraft measured from front to rear in units <strong>of</strong>time or distance. 4. The time lapse betweenphotographic exposures. S. At battery right orleft, an interval ordered in secouds is the timebetween one gun firing <strong>and</strong> the next mm. firing.Five seconds is tbe staDdard interval. 6. Atrounds <strong>of</strong> fire for effect the interval is the timein seconds between successive rouDds fromeach gun.interview fmtelligence)-To gather informationfrom a person who is aware that information isbeing given although there is ignorance <strong>of</strong> thetrue connection <strong>and</strong> purposes <strong>of</strong> the interviewer.Generally overt unless the collector is otherthan purponed to be.in the dark-In air intercept, a code meaning,"Not visible on my scope."intracoastal sealift-Shipping used primarily forthe carriage <strong>of</strong> personnel <strong>and</strong>/or cargo along acoast or into river pons to support operationswithin a given area.intra-comm<strong>and</strong> exerdse(*)-An exercise whichinvolves an identified part <strong>of</strong> one Major NATOComm<strong>and</strong> or subordinate comm<strong>and</strong>.iDtnmslt aeromedical evacuation fadBty-Amedical facility, on or in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> an airbase, that provides limited medical care forintransit patients awaiting air transportation.This type <strong>of</strong> medical facility is provided toobtain effective utilization <strong>of</strong> transport airliftwithin operating schedules. It includes "remainovernight" facilities, intransit facilities at aerialports <strong>of</strong> embarkation <strong>and</strong> debarkation, <strong>and</strong>casualty staging facilities in an overseas combatarea. See also aeromedical evacuation UDit.intraDsit inventory-That materiel in the militarydistribution system that is in the process <strong>of</strong>movement from point <strong>of</strong> receipt from procurement<strong>and</strong> production (either contractor's plantor first destination, depending upon point <strong>of</strong>delivery) aDd between points <strong>of</strong> storage <strong>and</strong>distribution.intraDsit stock-see iDtraDsit iDveatory.bHraaslt visibility-The capability provided to atheater combatant comm<strong>and</strong>er to have visibility<strong>of</strong> UDits, personnel, <strong>and</strong> cargo while in traDsitthrough the Defense Transponation System.IDtratheater-Witbin a theater. See also intratheatertraffic.iDtratbeater traffic-Traffic within a theater.latruder-A twin-engine, turbojet, two-place,long-range, all-weather, aircraft carrier-based,low-altitude attack aircraft, possessing anintegrated attack-navigation <strong>and</strong> central digitalcomputer system to locate, track, <strong>and</strong> destroy195
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lsmall moving targets, <strong>and</strong> large fixed targets.The armament system eonsists <strong>of</strong> an assortment<strong>of</strong> nuclear <strong>and</strong>/or non-nuclear weapons, Sidewinder,Harpoon, napalm, <strong>and</strong> all. st<strong>and</strong>ardNavy rockets. This aircraft can be air refueled.Designated as A4.IDtrucler(-)-An individual, unit, or weaponsystem, in or near an operational or exercisearea, which presents the threat <strong>of</strong> intelligencegathering or disruptive activity.iDtruder operation(•)-An <strong>of</strong>fensive operation byday or night over enemy territory with theprimary object <strong>of</strong> destroying enemy aircraft inthe vicinity <strong>of</strong> their bases.illtrusioD-See electromagnetic intrusion.invasion curreucy-See military currency. ·.blvmtory coDtrol(•)-Tbat phase <strong>of</strong> militarylogistics which includes managma. catalogma.requirements determinations, procurement,distribution, overhaul, <strong>and</strong> disposal <strong>of</strong> materiel.Synonymous with materiel control, materielmanagement, inventory managemem, <strong>and</strong>supply management.iDvmtory coDtrol point-An organizational unit oractivity within a <strong>DOD</strong> supply system . tbat is· assigned the primary responsibility for themateriel management <strong>of</strong> a group <strong>of</strong> items eitherfor a panicular Service or for the DefenseDepartment as a whole. Materiel inventorymanagement includes catalogiug direction,requirements computation, procurement direction,distribution management, disposal direction,<strong>and</strong>, generally, rebuild direction.illveatory 1118J181eD1eDt-See inventory control.illventory managers-See illventory coatrolpoint.iDverter(•)-In electrical engineering, a device forconverting ·direct current into alternating current.See also redifier.illvestigatloa-A duly authorized, systematized~detailed examination or inquiry to uncover facts<strong>and</strong> determine the truth <strong>of</strong> a matter. This mayinclude collecting, processing, reponing,storing, recording, analyzing, evaluating-,producing, <strong>and</strong> disseminating the authorizedinformation.iDvestmeDt costs-Those program costs requiredbeyond the development phase to introduce intooperational use a new capability; to procureinitial, additional, or replacement equipment foroperational forces; or to provide for majormodifications <strong>of</strong> an existing capability. Theyexclude research, development, test <strong>and</strong> evaluation,military personnel, <strong>and</strong> Operation <strong>and</strong>Maintenance appropriation costs.ionization(*)-The process <strong>of</strong> producma ions bythe removal <strong>of</strong> electrons from, or the addition<strong>of</strong> electrons to, atoms or molecules.ionosphere-That pan <strong>of</strong> the aanosphere, extendinsfrom about 70 to 500 kilometers, in whichions <strong>and</strong> free electrons exist in sufficient quantitiesto reflect electromagnetic waves.IPIR-See initial programmed interpretatioDreport.IPL-See integrated priority list.Iroquois-A light sinsle-rotor helicopter used forcargo/personnel transpon <strong>and</strong> attack helicoptersuppon. Some versions are armed with machineguns <strong>and</strong> light air-to-ground rockets.Designated as UB-1. Also called Buey.196
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>irregular forces-Aened individuals or groups&. -who are not meJ¥bers <strong>of</strong> the regular armedforces, police, or ~ther internal security forces.irregular outer edge(*)-In l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare,short mine rows or strips laid in an irregularmanner in front <strong>of</strong> a minefield facing theenemy to deceive the enemy as to the type orextent <strong>of</strong> the minefield. Generally, the irregularouter edge will only be used in minefieldswith buried mines.isodose rate line-See dose rate contour line.isotopes-Forms <strong>of</strong> the same element havingidentical chemical properties but differing intheir atomic masses due to different numbers <strong>of</strong>neutrons in their respective nuclei <strong>and</strong> in theirnuclear properties.issue priority designator-See priority designator.II stay-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Amremaining with you on patrol/mission __ _hours. " See also I go.item manager-An individual within the organization<strong>of</strong> an inventory control point or other suchorganization assigned management responsibilityfor one or more specific items <strong>of</strong> materiel.197
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> l-D2r-\-~Ir~~'jjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjjj
..;·_,.ttljamming-See banige jamming; electronicattack; electromagnetic jamming; selectivejamming; spot jamming.j-axis-A vertical axis in a system <strong>of</strong> rectangularcoordinates; that line on which distances aboveor below (north or south) the reference line aremarked, especially on a map, chart or graph.JCMEC-See joint captured materiel exploitationcenter.JDA-See joint duty assignment.JDAL-See <strong>Joint</strong> Duty Assignment List.JDISS-See joint deployable intelligence supportsystem.jet advisory service-The service provided certaincivil aircraft while operating within radar <strong>and</strong>nonradar jet advisory areas. Within radar jetadvisory areas, civil aircraft receiving thisservice are provided radar flight following,radar traffic information, <strong>and</strong> vectors aroundobserved traffic. In nonradar jet advisoryareas, civil aircraft receiving this service areafforded st<strong>and</strong>ard instrument flight rules separationfrom all other aircraft known to airtraffic control to be operating within theseareas.jet conventional low-altitude bombing system-Amaneuver used bY jet aircraft to l<strong>of</strong>t conventionalordnance :ey means <strong>of</strong> a low-altitudebombing system.-jet propulsion-Reaction propulsion in which thepropulsion unit obtains oxygen from the air, asdistinguished from rocket propulsion in whichthe unit carries . its own oxygen-producingmaterial. In connection with aircraft propulsion,the term refers to a gasoline or other fuelJ<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>turbine jet unit that discharges hot gasthrough a tail pipe <strong>and</strong> a nozzle whichprovides a thrust that propels the aircraft.See also rocket propulsion.jet stream-A narrow b<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> high velocity windin the upper troposphere or in the stratosphere.jettison-The selective release <strong>of</strong> stores from anaircraft other than normal attack.jettisoned mines(*)-Mines which are laid asquickly as possible in order to empty the minelayer<strong>of</strong> mines, without regard to their conditionor relative positions.JEZ-See joint engagement zone.JF ACC-See joint force air componentm<strong>and</strong>er.JFC-See joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er.JFLCC-See joint force l<strong>and</strong> component comm<strong>and</strong>er.JFMCC-See joint force maritime componentcomm<strong>and</strong>er.JFSOCC-See joint force special operationscomponent comm<strong>and</strong>er.nc-see joint intelligence ~ter.JIF -See joint interrogation vehicle.JMEM-80-See <strong>Joint</strong> Munitions EtTectivenessManual.Special Operations.JMFU-See joint force meteorological <strong>and</strong>oceanographic forecast unit.199
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>JMO-See joint fo.-cf .. meteorological <strong>and</strong> oceanographic<strong>of</strong>ficer.~-JMP-See joint manpower program.joiner(*)-An independent merchant ship sailed tojoin a convoy. See also joiner convoy; joinersection.joiner convoy(*)-A convoy sailed to join themain convoy. See also joiner; joiner section.joiner section(*)-A joiner or joiner convoy, afterrendezvous, <strong>and</strong> while maneuvering to integratewith the main convoy.joint(*)-Connotes activities, operations, organizations,etc., in which elements <strong>of</strong> more than oneService <strong>of</strong> the same nation panicipate. (Whenall Services are not involved, the panicipatingServices shall be identified, e.g., <strong>Joint</strong> AnnyNavy.) See also combined.joint activities reporting to the Chairman,JCS-Activities or agencies that receive directguidance from the Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs<strong>of</strong> Staff or his designated <strong>Joint</strong> Staff agent, <strong>and</strong>which have joint manpower programs separatefrom the <strong>Joint</strong> Staff <strong>and</strong> unified comm<strong>and</strong>organizations. See also activity; joint; jointstaff.joint administrative publication-<strong>Pub</strong>lication <strong>of</strong>joint interest dealing with administrative mattersprepared under the cognizance <strong>of</strong> <strong>Joint</strong>Staff directorates ~ applicable to the <strong>Military</strong>Depanments, combatant comm<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> otherauthorized agencies. It is authenticated by theSecretary <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Staff "For the Chairman<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff" <strong>and</strong> distributedthrough Service channels. A joint administrativereference category administrative publicationwill be approved by the Director <strong>of</strong> the<strong>Joint</strong> Staff <strong>and</strong> is applicable only to the <strong>Joint</strong>Staff. All other joint administrative publicationswill be approved by the Chairman <strong>of</strong> the<strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff. See also joint publication.joint airborne training-Training operations orexercises involving airborne <strong>and</strong> appropriatetroop carrier units. This training includes: a.air delivery <strong>of</strong> personnel <strong>and</strong> equipment; b.assault operations by airborne troops <strong>and</strong>/or airtransponable units; c. loading exercises <strong>and</strong>local orientation fights <strong>of</strong> shon duration; <strong>and</strong> d.maneuvers/exercises as agreed upon by Servicesconcerned <strong>and</strong>/or as authorized by the <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff.joint amphibious operation(*)-An amphibiousoperation conducted by significant elements <strong>of</strong>two or more Services.joint amphibious task force-A temporary gro~ting <strong>of</strong> units <strong>of</strong> two or more Services under asingle comm<strong>and</strong>er, organized for the purpo e<strong>of</strong> engaging in an amphibious l<strong>and</strong>ing forassault on hostile shores.joint base-For purposes <strong>of</strong> base defense operations,a joint base is a locality from whichoperations <strong>of</strong> two or more ~f the Anned Forces<strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong> Defense are projected orsupponed <strong>and</strong> which is manned by significantelements <strong>of</strong> two or more Services or in whichsignificant elements <strong>of</strong> two or more· Servicesare located.joint captured materiel exploitation center-Physicallocation for deriving intelligence informationfrom captured enemy materiel. It is normallysubordinate to the joint force/J-2. Alsocalled JCMEC.joint communications network-The aggregation<strong>of</strong> all the joint communications systems in atheater. The joint communications networkincludes the <strong>Joint</strong> Multi-channel Trunking <strong>and</strong>Switching System <strong>and</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>· Control Communications System(s).200
•joint deployable intelligence support system-Atransportable wodcstation <strong>and</strong> communicationssuite that electro~~ally extends a joint intelligencecenter to a joint task force or othertactical user. Also called JDISS.joint deployment community-Those headquarters,comm<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> agencies involved in thetraining, preparation, movement, reception,employment, support, <strong>and</strong> sustainment <strong>of</strong>military forces assigned or committed to atheater <strong>of</strong> operations or objective area. Thejoint deployment community usually consists <strong>of</strong>the <strong>Joint</strong> Staff, Services, certain Service majorcomm<strong>and</strong>s (including the Service wholesalelogistic comm<strong>and</strong>s), unified <strong>and</strong> specifiedcomm<strong>and</strong>s (<strong>and</strong> their Service component comm<strong>and</strong>s),transportation operating agencies, jointtask forces (as applicable), Defense LogisticsAgency, <strong>and</strong> other Defense agencies (e.g.,Defense Intelligence Agency) as may be appropriateto a given scenario. Also called JDC.joint deployment system-A system that consists<strong>of</strong> personnel, procedures, directives, conununicationssystems, <strong>and</strong> electronic data processingsystems to directly support time-sensitiveplanning <strong>and</strong> execution, <strong>and</strong> to complementpeacetime deliberate planning. Also calledJDS.joint doctrine-Fundamental principles that guidethe employment <strong>of</strong> forces <strong>of</strong> two or moreServices in coordinated action toward a commonobjective. It will be promulgated by theChairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff, in coordinationwith th~mbatant comm<strong>and</strong>s, Services,<strong>and</strong> <strong>Joint</strong> Stall. See also Cbairman <strong>of</strong> the<strong>Joint</strong> Cbiefs <strong>of</strong>-Staff IDstruction; combineddoctrine; doctrine; guidance; joint publication;joint tactics, techniques, <strong>and</strong> procedures;joint test publication; multi-Servicedoctrine.<strong>Joint</strong> Doctrine Working Party-A forum toinclude representatives <strong>of</strong> the Services <strong>and</strong><strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>combatant comm<strong>and</strong>s with the purpose <strong>of</strong>systematic addressal <strong>of</strong> joint doctrine <strong>and</strong> jointtactics, techniques, <strong>and</strong> procedures (JTTP)issues such as project proposal examination,project scope development, project validation,<strong>and</strong> lead agent recommendation. The <strong>Joint</strong>Doctrine Working Party meets under the sponsorship<strong>of</strong> the Director, Operational Plans <strong>and</strong>Interoperability (J-7). See also joint doctrine;joint publication; joint tactics, techniques,<strong>and</strong> procedures; joint test publication.joint duty assignment-An assignment to a designatedposition in a multi-Service, joint ormultinational comm<strong>and</strong> or activity that isinvolved in the integrated employment orsupport <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>, sea, <strong>and</strong> air forces <strong>of</strong> atleast two <strong>of</strong> the three <strong>Military</strong> Depanments.Such involvement includes, but is not limifedto, matters relating to national military strEegy,joint doctrine <strong>and</strong> policy, strategic p -ning, contingency planning, <strong>and</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> . dcontrol <strong>of</strong> combat operations under a unified orspecified comm<strong>and</strong>. Also called JDA.<strong>Joint</strong> Duty Assignment List-Positions designatedas joint duty assignments are reflected in alist approved by the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense<strong>and</strong> maintained by the <strong>Joint</strong> Staff. The <strong>Joint</strong>Duty Assignment List is reflected in the <strong>Joint</strong>Duty Assignment Management InfonnationSystem. Also called JDAL.joint engagement zone-See weapon engagementzone.joint force-A general term applied to a forcecomposed <strong>of</strong> significant elements, assigned orattached, <strong>of</strong> the Army, the Navy or the MarineCorps, <strong>and</strong> the Air Force, or two or more <strong>of</strong>these Services, operating under a single comm<strong>and</strong>erauthorized to exercise operationalcontrol. See also joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er.joint force air component comm<strong>and</strong>er-The jointforce air component comm<strong>and</strong>er derives au-201
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>thority from the joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er whohas the authority to exercise operational control,assign misSions, direct coordinationamong subordinate comm<strong>and</strong>ers, redirect <strong>and</strong>organize forces to ensure unity <strong>of</strong> effort in theaccomplishment <strong>of</strong> the overall mission. Thejoint force comm<strong>and</strong>er will normally designatea joint force air component comm<strong>and</strong>er. Thejoint force air component comm<strong>and</strong>er's responsibilitieswill be assigned by the joint forcecomm<strong>and</strong>er (normally these would include, butnot be limited to, planning, coordination,allocation, <strong>and</strong> tasking based on the joint forcecomm<strong>and</strong>er's apportionment decision). Usingthe joint force conun<strong>and</strong>er's guidance <strong>and</strong>authority, <strong>and</strong> in coordination with other Servicecomponent comm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> other assignedor supporting comm<strong>and</strong>ers, the jointforce air component comm<strong>and</strong>er will recommendto the joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er apportionment<strong>of</strong> air sorties to various missions orgeographic areas. Also called JFACC. Seealso joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er.joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er-A general tenn appliedto a comm<strong>and</strong>er authorized to exercise combatantcomm<strong>and</strong> (comm<strong>and</strong> authority) or operationalcontrol over a joint force. Also calledJFC. See also joint force.joint force l<strong>and</strong> component comm<strong>and</strong>er-Thecomm<strong>and</strong>er within a unified comm<strong>and</strong>, subordinateunified comm<strong>and</strong>, or joint task forceresponsible to the establishing comm<strong>and</strong>er formaking recommendations on the proper employment<strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> lerces, planning <strong>and</strong> coordinatingl<strong>and</strong> operatiOns, or accomplishing suchoperational missions as may be assigned. Thejoint force l<strong>and</strong> component comm<strong>and</strong>er is giventhe authority necessary to accomplish missions<strong>and</strong> tasks assigned by the establishing comm<strong>and</strong>er.The joint force l<strong>and</strong> componentcomm<strong>and</strong>er will normally be the comm<strong>and</strong>erwith the preponderance <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> forces <strong>and</strong> therequisite comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control capabilities.Also called JFLCC.joint force maritime component comm<strong>and</strong>erThe conun<strong>and</strong>er within a unified comm<strong>and</strong>,subordinate unified comm<strong>and</strong>, or joint taskforce responsible to the establishing comm<strong>and</strong>erfor making recommendations on the properemployment <strong>of</strong> maritime forces <strong>and</strong> assets,planning <strong>and</strong> coordinating maritime operations,or accomplishing such operational missions asmay be assigned. The joint force maritimecomponent comm<strong>and</strong>er is given the authoritynecessary to accomplish missions <strong>and</strong> tasksassigned by the establishing comm<strong>and</strong>er. Thejoint force maritime component comm<strong>and</strong>erwill normally be the comm<strong>and</strong>er with thepreponderance <strong>of</strong> maritime forces <strong>and</strong> therequisite comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control capabilities.Also called JFMCC.tjoint force meteorological <strong>and</strong> oceanograp~forecast unit-A flexible, transportable, joinsupported collective <strong>of</strong> meteorologicaloceanographic personnel <strong>and</strong> equipment fonnedto provide the joint task force comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong>joint force meteorological <strong>and</strong> oceanographic<strong>of</strong>ficer with full meteorological <strong>and</strong> oceanographicservices. Also called JMFU.joint force meteorological <strong>and</strong> oceanographic<strong>of</strong>ficer-Officer designated to provide directmeteorological <strong>and</strong> oceanographic support tothe joint task force comm<strong>and</strong>er. Also calledJMO.joint force special operations component comm<strong>and</strong>er-Thecomm<strong>and</strong>er within a unifiedcomm<strong>and</strong>, subordinate unified comm<strong>and</strong>, orjoint task force responsible to the establishingcomm<strong>and</strong>er for making recommendations onthe proper employment <strong>of</strong> special operationsforces <strong>and</strong> assets, planning <strong>and</strong> coordinatingspecial operations, or accomplishing suchoperational missions as may be assigned. Thejoint force special operations component comm<strong>and</strong>eris given the authority necessary toaccomplish missions <strong>and</strong> tasks assigned by theestablishing comm<strong>and</strong>er. The joint force/~I2<strong>02</strong>
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>special operations ~component comm<strong>and</strong>er willnormally be the Q()mm<strong>and</strong>er with the preponderance<strong>of</strong> speci4. operations forces <strong>and</strong> therequisite comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control capabilities.Also called JFSOCC.joint intelligence-Intelligence produced by elements<strong>of</strong> more than one Service <strong>of</strong> the samenation.joint intelligence architecture-A dynamic, flexiblestructure that consists <strong>of</strong> the National<strong>Military</strong> <strong>Joint</strong> Intelligence Center, the theaterjoint intelligence centers, <strong>and</strong> subordinate jointforce joint intelligence centers. This architectureencompasses automated data processingequipment capabilities, communications <strong>and</strong>information flow requirements, <strong>and</strong> responsibilitiesto provide theater <strong>and</strong> tactical comm<strong>and</strong>erswith the full range <strong>of</strong> intelligence required forplanning <strong>and</strong> conducting operations.joint intelligence center-The intelligence center<strong>of</strong> the joint force headquarters. The jointintelligence center is responsible for providing<strong>and</strong> producing the intelligence required tosupport the joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> staff,components, task forces <strong>and</strong> elements, <strong>and</strong> thenational intelligence community. Also callednc. See also joint intelligence architecture.joint intelligence doctrine-Fundamental principlesthat guide the preparation <strong>of</strong> intelligence<strong>and</strong> the subsequent provision <strong>of</strong> intelligence tosupport military forces <strong>of</strong> two or more Servicesemployed in coordinated action. See alsointelligence doqrine.joint intelligence -liaison element-A liaisonelement provided· by the Central IntelligenceAgency in support <strong>of</strong> a unified conun<strong>and</strong> orjoint task force.joint interrogation facility-Physical location forsystematic interrogation <strong>of</strong> enemy prisoners <strong>of</strong>war to derive tactical intelligence in support <strong>of</strong>the joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er. It is normallysubordinate to the joint intelligence center.Also called JIF.joint logistics-The art <strong>and</strong> science <strong>of</strong> planning<strong>and</strong> carrying out, by a joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er<strong>and</strong> staff, logistic operations to support theprotection, movement, maneuver, firepower,antl sustainment <strong>of</strong> operating forces <strong>of</strong> two ormore Services <strong>of</strong> the same nation.joint manpower program-The document whichreflects an activity's mission, functions, organization,current <strong>and</strong> projected manpower needs,<strong>and</strong>, when applicable, its required mobilizationaugmentation. A recommended joint manpowerprogram also identifies <strong>and</strong> justifies anychanges proposed by the comm<strong>and</strong>er/director<strong>of</strong> a joint activity for the next five fiscal years.Also called JMP.tjoint matters-Matters relating to the integra J ·employment <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, sea, <strong>and</strong> air forces, ~eluding matters relating to national militarystrategy, strategic <strong>and</strong> contingency planning,<strong>and</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> combat operationsunder a unified comm<strong>and</strong>.joint movement center-The center established tocoordinate the employment <strong>of</strong> all means <strong>of</strong>transportation (including that provided by alliesor host nations) to support the concept <strong>of</strong>operations. This coordination is accomplishedthrough establishment <strong>of</strong> transportation policieswithin the assigned area <strong>of</strong> responsibility,consistent with relative urgency <strong>of</strong> need, port<strong>and</strong> terminal capabilities, transportation assetavailability, <strong>and</strong> priorities set by a joint forcecomm<strong>and</strong>er.joint multi-channel tn•nking <strong>and</strong> switchingsystem-That composite multi-channel trunking<strong>and</strong> switching system formed from assets <strong>of</strong> theServices, the Defense Communications System,other available systems, <strong>and</strong>/or assets controlledby the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff to provide203
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>an operationally rt$t>onsive, survivable communicationsystem,:-· preferably in a mobile/transportable/recoverableconfiguration,forthe joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er in an area <strong>of</strong> operations.<strong>Joint</strong> Munitions Effectiveness Manual-specialOperations-A publication providing a single,comprehensive source <strong>of</strong> information coveringweapon effectiveness, selection, <strong>and</strong> requirementsfor special operations munitions. Inaddition, the closely related fields <strong>of</strong> weaponcharacteristics <strong>and</strong> effects, wget characteristics,<strong>and</strong> wget vulnerability are treated inlimited detail required by the mission planner.Although emphasis is placed on weapons thatare currently in the inventory, information is .also included for some weapons not immediatelyavailable but projected for the near future.Also called JMEM-80.joint nuclear accident coordinating center-Acombined Defense Nuclear Agency <strong>and</strong> Department<strong>of</strong> Energy centralized agency for exchanging<strong>and</strong> maintaining information concernedwith radiological assistance capabilities<strong>and</strong> coordinating assistance activities, whencalled upon, in connection with accidentsinvolving radioactive materials.joint operational intelligence agency-An intelligenceagency in which the efforts <strong>of</strong> two ormore Services are integrated to furnish thatoperational intelligence essential to the comm<strong>and</strong>er<strong>of</strong> a joint force <strong>and</strong> to supplement thatavailable to subcJiiiinate forces <strong>of</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>.The agency may or may not be part <strong>of</strong>such joint force ccimm<strong>and</strong>er's staff.joint operational planning process-A coordinated<strong>Joint</strong> Staff procedure used by a comm<strong>and</strong>erto determine the best method <strong>of</strong> accomplishingassigned tasks <strong>and</strong> to direct the action necessaryto accomplish the mission.204joint operation planning-<strong>Joint</strong> operation planningactivities exclusively associated with the preparation<strong>of</strong> operation plans, operation plans inconcept format, <strong>and</strong> operation orders (otherthan the Single Integrated Operation Plan) forthe conduct <strong>of</strong> military operations by the combatantcomm<strong>and</strong>ers in response to requirementsestablished by the Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs<strong>of</strong> Staff.As such, joint operation planningincludes contingency planning, executionplanning, <strong>and</strong> implementation planning. <strong>Joint</strong>operation planning is performed in accordancewith formally established planning <strong>and</strong> executionprocedures. See also contingency planDiDg; execution planning; implementationplanning; <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong>Execution System.t<strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution s~tem-A continuously evolving system thatbeing developed through the integration denhancement <strong>of</strong> earlier planning <strong>and</strong> executionsystems: <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning System <strong>and</strong><strong>Joint</strong> Deployment System. It provides thefoundation for conventional comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>control by national- <strong>and</strong> theater-level comm<strong>and</strong>ers<strong>and</strong> their staffs. It is designed to satisfytheir information needs in the conduct <strong>of</strong> jointplanning <strong>and</strong> operations. <strong>Joint</strong> OperationPlanning <strong>and</strong> Execution System (JOPES) includesjoint operation planning policies, procedures,<strong>and</strong> reponing structures supponed bycommunications <strong>and</strong> automated data processingsystems. JOPES is used to monitor, plan, <strong>and</strong>execute mobilization, deployment, employment,<strong>and</strong> sustainment activities associated with jointoperations. Also called JOPES. See alsojoint operation planning.joint operations area-That ponion <strong>of</strong> an area <strong>of</strong>conflict in which a joint force comm<strong>and</strong>erconducts military operations pursuant to anassigned mission <strong>and</strong> the administration incidentto such military operations. Also calledJOA.;~I(\
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>joint operations ceater-A jointly manned facility<strong>of</strong> a joint forci: comm<strong>and</strong>er's headquartersestablished for'~- planning, monitoring, <strong>and</strong>guiding the execution <strong>of</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>er'sdecisions. Also called JOC.joint publication-<strong>Pub</strong>lication <strong>of</strong> joint interestprepared under the cognizance <strong>of</strong> <strong>Joint</strong> Staffdirectorates <strong>and</strong> applicable to the <strong>Military</strong>Departments, combatant comm<strong>and</strong>s, <strong>and</strong> otherauthorized agencies. It is approv~ by theChainnan <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff, in coordinationwith the combatant comm<strong>and</strong>s, Services,<strong>and</strong> <strong>Joint</strong> Staff. Also called JP. See alsoChairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> StafT Instruction;guidance; joint administrativepublication; joint doctrine; joint tactics,techniques, <strong>and</strong> procedures; joint test publication.joint purchase-A method <strong>of</strong> purchase wherebypurchases <strong>of</strong> a particular commodity for two ormore departments are made by an activityestablished, staffed, <strong>and</strong> financed by themjointly for that purpose. See also purchase.joint rear area-A specific l<strong>and</strong> area within a jointforce comm<strong>and</strong>er's area <strong>of</strong> operations designatedto facilitate protection <strong>and</strong> operation <strong>of</strong>installations <strong>and</strong> forces supporting the jointforce.joint rear area coordinator-The <strong>of</strong>ficer withresponsibility for coordinating the overallsecurity <strong>of</strong> the joint rear area in accordancewith joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er directives <strong>and</strong>priorities in Qfder to assist in providing asecure enviromlient to facilitate sustainment,host nation support, infrastructure development,<strong>and</strong> movements <strong>of</strong> the joint force. The jointrear area coordinator also coordinates intelligencesupport <strong>and</strong> ensures that area managementis practiced with due consideration ·forsecurity requirements. Also called JRAC.joint rear area operations-Those operations inthe unified <strong>and</strong> joint rear area that facilitateprotection or support <strong>of</strong> the joint force.joint rear tactical operations center-A jointoperations cell tailored to assist the joint reararea coordinator in meeting mission responsibilities.Also called JRTOC.joint rescue coordination center-See rescuecoordination center.joint servicing-That function performed by ajointly staffed <strong>and</strong> financed activity in support<strong>of</strong> two or more <strong>Military</strong> Services. See alsoservicing.joint special operations air component comm<strong>and</strong>er-Thecomm<strong>and</strong>er within the joint,rcespecial operations comm<strong>and</strong> responsibl forplanning <strong>and</strong> executing joint special air o rations<strong>and</strong> for coordinating <strong>and</strong> deconfli ingsuch operations with conventional nonspecialoperations air activities. The joint specialoperations air component comm<strong>and</strong>er normallywill be the comm<strong>and</strong>er with the preponderance<strong>of</strong> assets <strong>and</strong>/or greatest ability to plan, coordinate,allocate, task, control, <strong>and</strong> support theassigned joint special operations aviation assets.The joint special operations air componentcomm<strong>and</strong>er may be directly subordinate to thejoint force special operations component comm<strong>and</strong>eror to any nonspecial operations componentor joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er as directed.Also called JSOACC. See also special operationscomponent comm<strong>and</strong>er.joint special operations area-A restricted area <strong>of</strong>l<strong>and</strong>, sea, <strong>and</strong> airspace assigned by a joint forcecomm<strong>and</strong>er to the comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> a joint specialoperations force to conduct special operationsactivities. The comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> joint specialoperations forces may further assign a specificarea or sector within the joint special operationsarea to a subordinate comm<strong>and</strong>er formission execution. The scope <strong>and</strong> duration <strong>of</strong>205
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>the special operatiqns forces' mission, friendly<strong>and</strong> hostile situa~on, <strong>and</strong> politico-militaryconsiderations all influence the number, composition,<strong>and</strong> sequencing <strong>of</strong> special operationsforces deployed into a joint special operationsarea. It may be limited in size to accommodatea discrete direct action mission or may beextensive enough to allow a continuing broadrange <strong>of</strong> unconventional warfare operations.Also called JSOA.joint special operations task force-A joint taskforce composed <strong>of</strong> special operations units frommore than one Service, formed to carry out aspecific special operation or prosecute specialoperations in support <strong>of</strong> a theater campaign orother operations. The joint special operationstask force may have conventional nonspecialoperations units assigned or attached to supportthe conduct <strong>of</strong> specific missions. Also calledJSOTF.<strong>Joint</strong> Specialty Officer/joint specialist-An <strong>of</strong>ficeron the active duty list who is particularlytrained in, <strong>and</strong> oriented toward, joint matters.Also called JSO.<strong>Joint</strong> Specialty Officer nominee-An <strong>of</strong>ficer whohas completed a program <strong>of</strong> <strong>Joint</strong> Pr<strong>of</strong>essional<strong>Military</strong> Education (JPME), or an <strong>of</strong>ficer whohas a critical occupational specialty tour. Ineither instance, the <strong>of</strong>ficer has been designatedas a <strong>Joint</strong> Specialty Officer nominee by the<strong>Military</strong> Department concerned.joint staff-1. The sfPf <strong>of</strong> a comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> aunified or specifieO"comm<strong>and</strong>, or <strong>of</strong> a joint taskforce, which includ~ members from the severalServices comprising the force. These membersshould be assigned in such a manner as toensure that the comm<strong>and</strong>er underst<strong>and</strong>s thetactics, techniques, capabilities, needs, <strong>and</strong>limitations <strong>of</strong> the component parts <strong>of</strong> the force.Positions on the staff should be divided so thatService representation <strong>and</strong> influence generallyreflect the Service composition <strong>of</strong> the force. 2.206<strong>Joint</strong> StafT. The staff under the Chairman <strong>of</strong>the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff as provided for in theNational Security Act <strong>of</strong> 1947, as amended bythe <strong>DOD</strong> Reorganization Act <strong>of</strong> 1986. The<strong>Joint</strong> Staff assists the Chairman, <strong>and</strong> subject tothe authority, direction, <strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> theChairman, the other members <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff <strong>and</strong> the Vice Chairman incarrying out their responsibilities. See alsostafT.<strong>Joint</strong> StafT doctrine sponsor-The sponsor for ajoint doctrine or joint tactics, techniques, <strong>and</strong>procedures (JITP) project. Each joint doctrineor JITP project will be assigned a <strong>Joint</strong> Staffdoctrine sponsor. The <strong>Joint</strong> Staff doctrinesponsor will assist the lead agent <strong>and</strong> primaryreview authority as requested <strong>and</strong> directeclThe <strong>Joint</strong> Staff doctrine sponsor will coordi3the draft document with the <strong>Joint</strong> Staff anprovide <strong>Joint</strong> Staff comments <strong>and</strong> recommendations to the primary review authority. See alsojoint doctrine; joint tactics, techniques, <strong>and</strong>procedures.<strong>Joint</strong> Strategic Planning System-The primarymeans by which the Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff, in consultation with the othermembers <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff <strong>and</strong> thecombatant comm<strong>and</strong>ers, carries out his statutoryresponsibilities to assist the President <strong>and</strong>Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense in providing strategicdirection to the Armed Forces; prepares strategicplans; prepares <strong>and</strong> reviews contingencyplans; advises the President <strong>and</strong> Secretary <strong>of</strong>Defense on requirements, programs, <strong>and</strong> budgets;<strong>and</strong> provides net assessment on the capabilities<strong>of</strong> the Armed Forces <strong>of</strong> the UnitedStates <strong>and</strong> its allies as compared with those <strong>of</strong>· their potential adversaries. Also called JSPS.joint suppression <strong>of</strong> enemy air defenses-A broadterm that includes all suppression <strong>of</strong> enemy airdefenses activities provided by one component<strong>of</strong> the joint force in support <strong>of</strong> another. Alsor\
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>called J-SEAD. See also air defense suppression;suppressi~·. <strong>of</strong> enemy air defenses.joint table <strong>of</strong> allowances-A document whichauthorizes end-items <strong>of</strong> materiel for unitsoperated jointly by two or more military assistanceadvisory groups <strong>and</strong> missions. Alsocalled JTA.joint table <strong>of</strong> distribution-A manpower documentwhich identifies the positions <strong>and</strong> enumeratesthe spaces that have been approved foreach organizational element <strong>of</strong> a joint activityfor a specific fiscal year (authorization year),<strong>and</strong> those spaces which have been accepted forplanning <strong>and</strong> programming purposes for thefour subsequent fiscal years (program years).Also called JTD. See also joint manpowerprogram.<strong>Joint</strong> Tactical Air Reconnaissance/SurveillanceMission Report-A preliminary repon <strong>of</strong>information from tactical reconnaissance aircrewsrendered by designated debriefing personnelimmediately after l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> dispatchedprior to compilation <strong>of</strong> the Initial Photo InterpretationRepon. It provides a summary <strong>of</strong> theroute conditions, observations, <strong>and</strong> aircrewactions <strong>and</strong> identifies sensor products. Alsocalled MISREP.joint tactics, techniques, <strong>and</strong> procedures-Theactions <strong>and</strong> methods which implement jointdoctrine <strong>and</strong> describe how forces will be employedin joint operations. They will be promulgatedby thCL Chainnan <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs<strong>of</strong> Staff, in coQrdination with the combatantcomm<strong>and</strong>s, Seryices, <strong>and</strong> <strong>Joint</strong> Staff. Alsocalled JTTP. See also Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> StafT Instruction; guidance; jointadministrative publication; joint doctrine;joint test publication.joint targeting coordination board-A groupformed by the joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er to accomplishbroad targeting oversight functions thatmay include but are not limited to coordinatingtargeting information, providing targetingguidance <strong>and</strong> priorities, <strong>and</strong> preparing <strong>and</strong>/ orrefining joint target lists. The board is normallycomprised <strong>of</strong> representatives from the jointforce staff, all components, <strong>and</strong> if required,component subordinate units. Also called-'rCB. See also joint target list.joint target list-A consolidated list <strong>of</strong> selectedtargets considered to have military significancein the joint operations area.joint task force-A force composed <strong>of</strong> assigned orattached elements <strong>of</strong> the Army, the Navy or theMarine Corps, <strong>and</strong> the Air Force, or two ormore <strong>of</strong> these Services, which is constituted<strong>and</strong> so designated by the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defenseor by the comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> a unified commanraspecified comm<strong>and</strong>, or an existing joint kforce.·<strong>Joint</strong> Technical Coordinating Group for MunitionsEffectiveness-A <strong>Joint</strong> Staff level organizationtasked to produce generic target vulnerability<strong>and</strong> weaponeering studies. The specialoperations working group is a subordinateorganization specializing in studies for specialoperations. Also called JTCG-ME.joint test publication-A proposed version <strong>of</strong> ajoint doctrine or joint tactics, techniques, <strong>and</strong>procedures publication that normally containscontentious issues <strong>and</strong> is nominated for a testpublication <strong>and</strong> evaluation stage. <strong>Joint</strong> testpublications are approved for evaluation by theDirector, Operational Plans <strong>and</strong> Interoperability(J-7), <strong>Joint</strong> Staff. <strong>Pub</strong>lication <strong>of</strong> a test publicationdoes not constitute Chainnan <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff approval <strong>of</strong> the publication.Prior to final approval as joint doctrine, testpublications are expected to be funher refinedbased upon evaluation results. Test publicationsare automatically superseded upon completion<strong>of</strong> the evaluation <strong>and</strong> promulgation <strong>of</strong>the proposed publication. See also Chainnan207
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong><strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Cblefs <strong>of</strong> Staff Instruction;guidance; joint ti.Octrine; joint publication;joint tactics, techiiiques, <strong>and</strong> procedures.<strong>Joint</strong> Worldwide Intelligence CommunicationsSystem-The sensitive compartmented informationportion <strong>of</strong> the Defense Information SystemNetwork. It incorporates advanced networkingtechnologies that permit point-to-point ormultipoint information exchange involvingvoice, text, graphics, data, <strong>and</strong> video teleconferencing.Also called JWICS.joint zone (air, l<strong>and</strong>, or sea)-An area establishedfor the purpose <strong>of</strong> permitting friendly surface,air, <strong>and</strong> subsurface forces to operate simultaneously.join up(*)-To form separate aircraft or groups <strong>of</strong>aircraft into a specific formation. See alsorendezvous.JOPES-See <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong>Execution System.JP-See joint publication.JRAC-See joint rear area coordinator.JRTOC-See joint rear tactical operations center.J-SEAD-See joint suppression <strong>of</strong> enemy airdefenses.JSO-See <strong>Joint</strong> Speci~ty Officer/joint specialist.JSOA-See joint special operations area.JSOACC-See joint special operations air componentcomm<strong>and</strong>er.JSOTF -See joint special operations task force.JSPS-See <strong>Joint</strong> Strategic Planning System.JTCB-See joint targeting coordination board.JTCG-ME-See <strong>Joint</strong> Technical CoordinatingGroup for Munitions Effectiveness.JTIP-See joint tactics, techniques, <strong>and</strong> procedures.judy-In air intercept, a code meaning, "I havecontact <strong>and</strong> am taking over the intercept. "jumpmaster-The assigned airborne-qualifiedindividual who controls parachutists from thetime they enter the aircraft until they exit. Seeal$0 stick comm<strong>and</strong>er (air transport).· jump speed(*)-The airspeed at which parachutetroops can jump with comparative safety frian aircraft.JWICS-See <strong>Joint</strong> Worldwide Intelligence Co -munications System. ·/'\' \208
,. -;.,.II(,..KA-6-See Intruder.KC-135-See Stratotanker.K-day-The basic date for the introduction <strong>of</strong> aconvoy system on any particular convoy lane.See also D-elay; M-clay.K<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>killing zone-An area in which a comm<strong>and</strong>er plansto force the enemy to concentrate so as todestroy him with conventional weapons or thetactical employment <strong>of</strong> nuclear weapons.kill probability(*)-A measure <strong>of</strong> the probability<strong>of</strong> destroying a target.key employee-Any Reservist identified by his orher employer, private or public, as filling a keyposition.key facilities list-A register <strong>of</strong> selected comm<strong>and</strong>installations <strong>and</strong> industrial facilities <strong>of</strong> primaryimportance to the support <strong>of</strong> military operationsor military production programs. It is preparedunder the policy direction <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong>Staff.key point(*)-A concentrated site or installation,the destruction or capture <strong>of</strong> which wouldseriously affect the war effort or the success <strong>of</strong>operations.key position-A civilian position, public or private(designated by the employer <strong>and</strong> approved bythe Secretary concerned), that cannot be vacatedduring war or national emergency.key terrain(*)-Any locality, or area, the seizureor retention <strong>of</strong> which affords a marked advantageto either combatant. See also vitalground.KIA-See killed in ·action.killed in action-A casualty category applicable toa hostile casualty, other than the victini <strong>of</strong> aterrorist activity, who is killed outright or whodies as a result <strong>of</strong> wounds or other inj~riesbefore reaching a medical treatment facility.Also called KIA. See also casualty category.kiloton weapon(*)-A nuclear weapon, the yield<strong>of</strong> which is measured in terms <strong>of</strong> thous<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong>tons <strong>of</strong> trinitrotoluene explosive equivalents,producing yields from 1 to 999 kilotons. Seealso megaton weapon; nominal weapon;subkiloton weapon.kite(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a device w}jchwhen towed, submerges <strong>and</strong> planes at a preiJeterminedlevel without sideways displacemft·209
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>;_,_~-I(INTENTIONALLY BLANK)~------210
,.. :~J·.~--LAD-See latest arrival date.Lance-A mobile, storable, liquid propellant,surface-to-surface guided missile, with nuclear<strong>and</strong> nonnuclear capability; designed to supponthe Anny corps with long-range fires. Designatedas XMGM-52.l<strong>and</strong> arm mode(•)-A mode <strong>of</strong> operation in whichautomatic sequence is used to engage <strong>and</strong>disengage appropriate modes <strong>of</strong> an aircraftautomatic flight control system in order toexecute the various flight phases in the terminalarea necessary for completing an automaticapproach <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing.l<strong>and</strong> control operations-The employment <strong>of</strong>ground forces, supponed by naval <strong>and</strong> airforces, as appropriate, to achieve militaryobjectives in vital l<strong>and</strong> areas. Such operationsinclude destruction <strong>of</strong> opposing ground forces,securing key terrain, protection <strong>of</strong> vital l<strong>and</strong>lines <strong>of</strong> communication, <strong>and</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong>local military superiority in areas <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>operations. See also sea co~l operations.l<strong>and</strong> etTect-See coastal refraction.l<strong>and</strong>ing aid(*)-Any illuminating light, radiobeacon, radar device, communicating device,or any system <strong>of</strong> such devices for aiding aircraftin an approach <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing.l<strong>and</strong>ing approach~ The continuously changingposition <strong>of</strong> an aircraft in space directed towardeffecting a l<strong>and</strong>iJii on a predetennined area.l<strong>and</strong>ing area-l. The pan <strong>of</strong> the objective areawithin which are conducted the l<strong>and</strong>ing operations<strong>of</strong> an amphibious force. It includes thebeach, the approaches to the beach, the transpanareas, the fire suppon areas, the air occupiedby close supporting aircraft, <strong>and</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>L<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>included in the advance inl<strong>and</strong> to the initialobjective. 2. (Airborne) The general areaused for l<strong>and</strong>ing troops <strong>and</strong> materiel eitherby airdrop or air l<strong>and</strong>ing. This area includesone or more drop zones or l<strong>and</strong>ing·strips. 3. Any specially prepared or selectedsurface <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, water, or deck designat-.ed or used for take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> aircraft.See also airfield.l<strong>and</strong>ing attack-An attack against enemy defensesby troops l<strong>and</strong>ed from ships, aircraft, boats, oramphibious vehicles. See also assault.l<strong>and</strong>ing beach(*)-That ponion <strong>of</strong> a shorelineusually required for the l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> a battalEl<strong>and</strong>ing team. However, it may also be atponion <strong>of</strong> a shoreline constituting a tact·locality (such as the shore <strong>of</strong> a bay) over wh cha force larger or smaller than a battalion l<strong>and</strong>ingteam may be l<strong>and</strong>ed.l<strong>and</strong>ing craft(*)-A craft employed in amphibiousoperations, specifically designed for carryingtroops <strong>and</strong> equipment <strong>and</strong> for beaching, unloading,<strong>and</strong> retracting. Also used for logisticcargo resupply operations.l<strong>and</strong>ing craft <strong>and</strong> amphibious vehicle assignmenttable-A table showing the assignment <strong>of</strong>personnel <strong>and</strong> materiel to each l<strong>and</strong>ing craft<strong>and</strong> amphibious vehicle <strong>and</strong> the assignment <strong>of</strong>the l<strong>and</strong>ing craft <strong>and</strong> amphibious vehicles towaves for the ship-to-shore movement.l<strong>and</strong>ing craft availability table-A tabulation <strong>of</strong>the type <strong>and</strong> number <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing craft that willbe available from each ship <strong>of</strong> the transpon .group. The table is the basis for the assignment<strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing craft to the boat groups for theship-to-shore movement.211
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>l<strong>and</strong>ing diagram(*)~.A graphic means <strong>of</strong> illustratingthe plan for tlie ship-to-shore movement.l<strong>and</strong>ing force(*)-A task organization <strong>of</strong> troopunits, aviation <strong>and</strong> ground, assigned to anamphibious assault. It is the highest troopechelon in the amphibious operation. See alsoamphibious force.l<strong>and</strong>ing force supplies-Those supplies remainingin assault shipping after initial combat supplies<strong>and</strong> floating dumps have been unloaded. Theyare l<strong>and</strong>ed selectively in accordance with therequirements <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>ing force until thesituation ashore permits the inception <strong>of</strong> generalunloading.l<strong>and</strong>ing force support party-The forward echelon<strong>of</strong> the combat service support elementformed to facilitate the ship-to-shore movement.It may contain a surface assault supportelement (shore party) <strong>and</strong> a helicopter assaultsupport element (helicopter support). Thel<strong>and</strong>ing force support party is brought intoexistence by a fonnal activation order issued bythe comm<strong>and</strong>er, l<strong>and</strong>ing force.l<strong>and</strong>ing group-In amphibious operations, asubordinate task organization <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>ingforce capable <strong>of</strong> conducting l<strong>and</strong>ing operations,under a single tactical comm<strong>and</strong>, against aposition or group <strong>of</strong> positions.l<strong>and</strong>ing mat(*)-A prefabricated, portable mat sodesigned that an~_number <strong>of</strong> planks (sections)may be rapidly: -:-fastened together to formsurfacing for elllergency runways, l<strong>and</strong>ingbeaches, etc.l<strong>and</strong>ing plan-In amphibious operations, a collectiveterm referring to all individually preparednaval <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing force documents that, takentogether, present in detail all instructions forexecution <strong>of</strong> the ship-to-shore movement. _).\l<strong>and</strong>ing point(*)-A point within a l<strong>and</strong>ing sitewhere one helicopter or vertical take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong>l<strong>and</strong>ing aircraft can l<strong>and</strong>. See also airfield.l<strong>and</strong>ing roll(*)-The movement <strong>of</strong> an aircraft fromtouchdown through deceleration to taxi speedor full stop.l<strong>and</strong>ing schedule-In an amphibious operation, aschedule which shows the beach, hour, <strong>and</strong>priorities <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> assault units, <strong>and</strong> whichcoordinates the movements <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing craftfrom the transports to the beach in order toexecute the scheme <strong>of</strong> maneuver ashore.bl<strong>and</strong>ing sequence table-A document that incorporatesthe detailed plans for ship-to-shore movement<strong>of</strong> nonscheduled units.l<strong>and</strong>ing ship(*)-An assault ship which is desigfor long sea voyages <strong>and</strong> for rapid unload gover <strong>and</strong> on to a beach.l<strong>and</strong>ing ship dock(*)-A ship designed to transport<strong>and</strong> launch loaded amphibious craft <strong>and</strong>/oramphibian vehicles with their crews <strong>and</strong> embarkedpersonnel <strong>and</strong>/or equipment· <strong>and</strong> torender limited docking <strong>and</strong> repair services tosmall ships <strong>and</strong> craft.l<strong>and</strong>ing site(*)-1. A site within. a l<strong>and</strong>ing zonecontaining one or more l<strong>and</strong>ing points. Seealso airfield. 2. In amphibious operations, acontinuous segment <strong>of</strong> coastline over whichtroops, equipment <strong>and</strong> supplies can be l<strong>and</strong>edby surface means.l<strong>and</strong>iug threshold-The beginning <strong>of</strong> that portion<strong>of</strong> a runway usable for l<strong>and</strong>ing.l<strong>and</strong>ing vehicle, tracked, engineer, model 1-Alightly armored amphibious vehicle designedfor minefield <strong>and</strong> obstacle clearance in amphibiousassaults <strong>and</strong> operations inl<strong>and</strong>. Equippedwith line charges for projection in advance <strong>of</strong>(\212
•.the vehicle ar)G·. bulldozer-type blade withscarifier teeth. ~.esignated as L VTE-1.l<strong>and</strong>ing zone(*)-Any specified zone used for thel<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> aircraft. See also airfield.l<strong>and</strong>ing zone control-See pathrmder drop zonecontrol.l<strong>and</strong>ing zone control party(*)-Personn~l speciallytrained <strong>and</strong> equipped to establish <strong>and</strong> operatecommunications devices from the ground fortraffic control <strong>of</strong> aircraft/helicopters for aspecific l<strong>and</strong>ing zone.l<strong>and</strong>mark(*)-A feature, either natural or anificial,that can be accurately detennined on theground from a grid reference.l<strong>and</strong> mine w.arfare-See mine warfare.l<strong>and</strong> projection operations-See l<strong>and</strong>, sea, oraerospace projection operations.l<strong>and</strong>, sea, or aerospace projection operationsThe employment <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>, sea, or air forces, orappropriate combinations there<strong>of</strong>, to projectUnited States military power into areas controlledor threatened by enemy forces. Operationsmay include penetration <strong>of</strong> such areas byamphibious, ~rhome, or l<strong>and</strong>-transponedmeans, as well as air combat operations byl<strong>and</strong>-based <strong>and</strong>/ or· carrier air.l<strong>and</strong> search-The search <strong>of</strong> terrain by Earth-boundpersonnel. ~lane marker(*)-In-l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare, sign usedto mark a minefield lane. Lane markers, at theentrance to <strong>and</strong> exit from the lane, may bereferenced to a l<strong>and</strong>mark or intermediate marker.See also marker; minefield lane.lap(*)-In naval mine warfare, that section or strip<strong>of</strong> an area assigned to a single sweeper or<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>formation <strong>of</strong> sweepers for a run through thearea.lap course(*)-In naval mine warfare, the truecourse desired to be made good during a runalong a lap.lap track(*)-ln naval mine warfare, the centerline <strong>of</strong> a lap; ideally, the track to be followedby the sweep or detecting gear.lap turn(*)-In naval mine warfare, the maneuvera minesweeper carries out during the periodbetween the completion <strong>of</strong> one run <strong>and</strong> thecommencement <strong>of</strong> the run immediately following.lap width(*)-In naval mine warfare, the s'\eptpath <strong>of</strong> the ship or formation divided byrepercentage coverage being swept to.large-lot storage-A quantity <strong>of</strong> material whichwill require four or more pallet columns storedto maximum height. Usually accepted as stockstored in carload or greater quantities. See alsostorage.large-scale ma~A map having a scale <strong>of</strong> 1:75-,000 or larger. See also map.large spread-A repon by an observer or a spotterto the ship to indicate that the distance betweenthe bursts <strong>of</strong> a salvo is excessive.laser desiguator(*)-A device that emits a beam <strong>of</strong>laser energy which is used to mark a specificplace or object.laser guidance unit(*)-A device which incorporatesa laser seeker to provide guidance comm<strong>and</strong>sto the control system <strong>of</strong> a missile,projectile or bomb.laser guided weapon(*)-A weapon which uses aseeker to detect laser energy reflected from alaser marked/designated target <strong>and</strong> through213
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>:.signal processing pt.ovides ' guidance comm<strong>and</strong>sto a control system~which guides the weapon tothe point from which the laser energy is beingreflected.laser illuminator(*)-A device for enhancing theillumination in a zone <strong>of</strong> action by irradiatingwith a laser beam.laser intelligence-Technical <strong>and</strong> geo-locationintelligence derived from laser systems; asubcategory <strong>of</strong> electro-optical intelligence.Also called LASINT. See also electro-opticalintelligence; intelligence.laser Unesc:an system(*)-An active airborneimagery recording system which uses a laser asthe primary source <strong>of</strong> illumination to scan theground beneath the flight path, adding successiveacross-track lines to the record as thevehicle advances. See also infrared Unescansystem.laser pulse duration(*)-The time during whichthe laser output pulse power remains continuouslyabove half its maximum value.laser nmgefmder(*)-A device which uses laserenergy for detennining the distance from thedevice to a place or object.laser seeker(*)-A device based on a directionsensitive receiver which detects the energyreflected from a laser designated target <strong>and</strong>defines the directien <strong>of</strong> the target relative to thereceiver. See also-laser guided weapon.laser target designating system(*)-A ·systemwhich is used to direct (aim or point) laserenergy at a wget. The system consists <strong>of</strong> thelaser designator or laser wget marker with itsdisplay <strong>and</strong> control components necessary toacquire the wget <strong>and</strong> direct the beam <strong>of</strong> laserenergy thereon.laser target marker-See laser designator.laser target marking system-See laser targetdesignating system.laser tracker(*)-A device which locks on to thereflected energy from a lasermarked/designated wget <strong>and</strong> defmes the direction·<strong>of</strong> the wget relative to itself.lashing(*)-See tie down. (<strong>DOD</strong>) See also restraint<strong>of</strong> loads.lashing point-See tie down point.LASINT -See laser intelligence.late(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire support, areport made to the observer or spotter, whenelerthere is a delay in reponing "shot" by colpiinga time in seconds with the report.lateral gain(*)-The amount <strong>of</strong> new ground coveredlaterally by successive photographic runsover an area.lateral route(*)-A route generally parallel to theforward edge <strong>of</strong> the battle area, which crosses,or feeds into, axial routes. See also route.lateral spread-A technique used to place themean point <strong>of</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> two or more units 100meters apart on a line perpendicular to thegun-target line.lateral tell-See track telling.latest arrival date-A day, relative to C-day, thatis specified by a planner as the latest date whena unit, a resupply shipment, or repla~mentpersonnel can arrive <strong>and</strong> complete unloading atthe port <strong>of</strong> debarkation <strong>and</strong> support the concept .<strong>of</strong> operations. Also called LAD. See alsoearliest arrival date.late time-See span <strong>of</strong> detonation· (atomic demolitionmUDition employment).(\\,I\214
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>latitude b<strong>and</strong>(*)-Ajiy latitudinal strip, designatedby accepted uni~<strong>of</strong> linear or angular measurement,which circumscribes the Earth. Alsocalled latitudinal b<strong>and</strong>.lattice(*)-A network <strong>of</strong> intersecting positionallines printed on a map or chart from which afiX may be obtained.launch-The transition from static repose to dynamicflight <strong>of</strong> a missile.launcher(*)-A structural device designed tosupport <strong>and</strong> hold a missile in position forfiring.launch pad(*)-A concrete or other hard surfacearea on which a missile launcher is positioned.launch time-The time at which an aircraft ormissile is scheduled to be airborne. See alsoairborne order.launch under attack-Execution by NationalComm<strong>and</strong> Authorities <strong>of</strong> Single IntegratedOperational Plan forces subsequent to tacticalwarning <strong>of</strong> strategic nuclear attack against theUnited States <strong>and</strong> prior to first impact. Alsocalled LUA.law <strong>of</strong> armed conflict-See law <strong>of</strong> war.law <strong>of</strong> war-That pan <strong>of</strong> international law thatregulates the conduct <strong>of</strong> anned hostilities. Alsocalled the law <strong>of</strong> armed conftict. See alsorules <strong>of</strong> engageJ!!l!Dt.lay-1. Direct or adjust the aim <strong>of</strong> a weapon. 2.Setting <strong>of</strong> a weapon for a given range, or for agiven direction, or both. 3. To drop one ormore aerial bombs or aerial mines onto thesurface from an aircraft. 4. To spread asmoke screen on the ground from an aircraft.5. To calculate or project a course. 6. To layon: a. to execute a bomber strike; b. to set upa mission.laydown bombing(*)-A very low level bombingtechnique wherein delay fuzes <strong>and</strong>/ or devicesare used to allow the attacker to escape theeffects <strong>of</strong> the bomb.layer depth-The depth from the surface <strong>of</strong> the seato the point above the first major negativethennocline at which sound velocity is maximum.layer tint-See hypsometric tinting.lay leader or lay reader-A volunteer ("lay leader"in Army <strong>and</strong> Air Force; "lay reader" inNavy <strong>and</strong> Marine Corps) appointed by thecomm<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>and</strong> supervised <strong>and</strong> trainedby the comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain to serve for a period<strong>of</strong> time to meet the needs <strong>of</strong> a particular rtligiousfaith group when their military chapltnsare not available. The lay leader or lay rea ermay conduct services, but may not exercise yother activities usually reserved for the ordainedclergy. See also comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain;·comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain <strong>of</strong> the combatant comm<strong>and</strong>;religious ministry support; religiousministry support plan; religious miDistrysupport team; Service component comm<strong>and</strong>chaplain.lay reader-See lay leader or lay reader.lay reference number(*)-ln naval mine warfare,a number allocated to an individual mine by theminefield planning authority to provide asimple means <strong>of</strong> referring to it.lazy-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Equipmentindicated at st<strong>and</strong>by."LCC-See amphibious comm<strong>and</strong> ship.lead agent-Individual Services, combatant comm<strong>and</strong>s,or <strong>Joint</strong> Staff directorates may beassigned as lead agents for developing <strong>and</strong>maintaining joint doctrine, joint tactics, techniques,<strong>and</strong> procedures (JITP) publications, or215
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>joint administratite publications. The leadagent is responsibie' for developing, coordinating,reviewing, <strong>and</strong> maintaining an assigneddoctrine, JTTP, or joint administrative publication.See also coordinating review authority;joint administrative publication; joint doctrine;joint publication; joint tactics, techniques,<strong>and</strong> procedures; joint test publication;primary review authority.lead aircraft-1. The airborne aircraft designatedto exercise comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> other aircraft withinthe flight. 2. An aircraft in the van <strong>of</strong> two ormore aircraft.lead collision course(*)-A vector which, if maintainedby an interceptor aircraft, will result incollision between the interceptor's flXed annament<strong>and</strong> the wget.lead pursuit(*)-An interceptor vector designed tomaintain a course <strong>of</strong> flight at a predeterminedpoint ahead <strong>of</strong> a wget.leapfrog(*)-Form <strong>of</strong> movement in which likesupponing elements are moved successivelythrough or by one another along the axis <strong>of</strong>movement <strong>of</strong> supponed forces.Leap Second-A second <strong>of</strong> time that is added to orremoved from Coordinated Universal Time(UTC) to keep UTC within0.9 seconds <strong>of</strong>UTl(see Universal Time). Leap Seconds are normallyintroduced at the end <strong>of</strong> June or Decemberif required. _The decision to introduce aLeap Second is aimounced by the InternationalTime Bureau (Bureau International de I'Heure,or BIH) approximately eight to t~n weeks inadvance. See also CoordiDated UniversalTime.Ieaver(•)-A merchant ship which breaks <strong>of</strong>f froma convoy to proceed to a different destination<strong>and</strong> becomes independent. Also called convoyIeaver. See also Ieaver convoy; Ieaver section.Ieaver convoy(*)-A convoy which has broken <strong>of</strong>ffrom the main convoy <strong>and</strong> is proceeding to adifferent destination. See also Ieaver; Ieaversection.Ieaver section(*)-A group <strong>of</strong> ships forming part<strong>of</strong> tJte main convoy which will subsequentlybreak· <strong>of</strong>f to become leavers or a leaver convoy.See also Ieaver; Ieaver convoy.left (or right)(*)-1. <strong>Terms</strong> used to establish therelative position <strong>of</strong> a body <strong>of</strong> troops. Theperson using the terms "left" or "right" isassumed to be facing in the direction <strong>of</strong> theenemy regardless <strong>of</strong> whether the troops areadvancing towards or withdrawing from theenemy. 2. Correction used in adjusting fire toindicate that a lateral shift <strong>of</strong> the mean point Ifimpact perpendicular to the reference line rspotting line is desired.left (right) baDk-That bank <strong>of</strong> a stream or riveron the left (right) <strong>of</strong> the observer when he is (\facing in the direction <strong>of</strong> flow or downstream.level-In air intercept, a word meaning, "Contactdesignated is at your angels."level <strong>of</strong> detail-Within the current joint planning<strong>and</strong> execution systems, movement characteristicsare described at five distinct levels <strong>of</strong>detail. These levels are: a. level I. aggregatedlevel. Expressed as total number <strong>of</strong> passengers<strong>and</strong> total shon tons, total measurementtons, total square feet <strong>and</strong>/or total hundreds <strong>of</strong>barrels by unit line number (ULN), cargoincrement number (CIN), <strong>and</strong> personnel incrementnumber (PIN). b. level n. summarylevel. Expressed as total number <strong>of</strong> passengersby ULN <strong>and</strong> PIN <strong>and</strong> shon tons, measure- ·ment tons (including barrels), total square feet<strong>of</strong> bulk, oversize, outsize, <strong>and</strong> non-air-transportablecargo by ULN <strong>and</strong> CIN. c. level III.detail by cargo category. Expressed as totalnumber <strong>of</strong> passengers by ULN <strong>and</strong> PIN <strong>and</strong>shon tons, <strong>and</strong>/or measurement tons (including ~~216
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lbarrels), total square. feet <strong>of</strong> cargo as identifiedby the ULN or CIN three-position cargo categorycode. d. level IV. detail expressed asnumber <strong>of</strong> passengers <strong>and</strong> individual dimensionaldata (expressed in length, width, <strong>and</strong>height in number <strong>of</strong> inches) <strong>of</strong> cargo by equipmenttype by ULN. e. level V. detail bypriority <strong>of</strong> shipmem. Expressed u total number<strong>of</strong> passengers by Service specialty code indeployment sequence by ULN iDdividualweight (in pounds) <strong>and</strong> dimensional clara (expressedin length, width, <strong>and</strong> height in number<strong>of</strong> inches) <strong>of</strong> equipment in deployment sequenceby ULN.level-<strong>of</strong>4ort mllllitioM(*)-ID stockpile planning,munitions stocked on the basis <strong>of</strong> expecteddaily expenditure rate, the number <strong>of</strong> combatdays, <strong>and</strong> the attrition ra1e assumed, tocounter targets. tbe number <strong>of</strong> which is unknown.See also tbn:at-oriellted mllllitio•.level <strong>of</strong> efl'ort-oriented items-Items for whichrequirements computations are based on suchfactors as equipment <strong>and</strong> persoanel deDSity <strong>and</strong>time <strong>and</strong> rate <strong>of</strong> use. See also combiDatioDmissioDileftl <strong>of</strong> efl'ol14'ieated Items; missioa-orielltedItems.level <strong>of</strong> supply
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0ltheir mission effectiveness <strong>and</strong> affording ameans <strong>of</strong> safe <strong>and</strong> reliable escape, descent,survival, <strong>and</strong> recovery in emergency situations.light artillery-See field artillery.light damage-See auclear damage (laud warfare).llghteaiDg(-)-The operation (normally canied outat anchor) <strong>of</strong> transferring crude oil cargo froma large ·tanker to a smaller tanker, so reducingthe draft <strong>of</strong> the larger Wiker to enable it toenter pon.ligbterage-A small craft designed to traDSpOncargo or personnel from ship to shore. Lighterageincludes amphibiaus, l<strong>and</strong>ing craft,discharge lighters, causeways, <strong>and</strong> barges.opt fllter(*)-An optical element sucb as a sheet<strong>of</strong> glass, gelatine, or plastic dyed in a specific· · manner to absorb selectively light <strong>of</strong> certaincolors.opt llne(*)-A designated line forward <strong>of</strong> ·whichvehicles are required to use black-out liJhts atnight.limited-access plaD-The limited-access plan (likethe close-hold plan) is an operation plan thathas access restricted to individual Worldwide<strong>Military</strong> COIDlDIDd <strong>and</strong> Control System userIds <strong>and</strong> terminal Ids. Ualib the close-holdplan, the limited-access plan can be distributedto more than oue <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning aDdExecution System site. See also dose-boldplan. ..limited access route
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>ably marked <strong>of</strong>fsbore coordinating line to assistassault craft to !<strong>and</strong> on designated beaches atscheduled times;~·line <strong>of</strong> position-In air intercept, a reference linewhich originates at a target <strong>and</strong> extends outwardat a predetermined angle.line overlap-See overlap 1.liner-In air intercept, a code meaning,. "Fly atspeed giving maximum cruising range."line-route map-A map or overlay for signalcommunications operations that shows the· actual routes <strong>and</strong> types <strong>of</strong> construction <strong>of</strong> wirecircuits in the field. It also gives the locations<strong>of</strong> switchboards <strong>and</strong> telegraph stations. Seealso map.line search(*)-Reconnaissance along a specificline <strong>of</strong> communications, such as a road, railwayor waterway, to detect fleeting targets <strong>and</strong>activities in general.lines <strong>of</strong> communicatioDS-Ail the routes, l<strong>and</strong>,water, <strong>and</strong> air, which connect an operatingmilitary force with a base <strong>of</strong> operations <strong>and</strong>along which supplies <strong>and</strong> military forces move.Also called LOC.link(*)-1. In communications, a general tennused to indicate the existence <strong>of</strong> communicationsfacilities between two points. 2. Amaritime route, other than a coastal or transitroute, which links any two or more routes.~:--link encryption-The application <strong>of</strong> online crypto-operation to a link <strong>of</strong> a communications systemso that all information passing over thelink is encrypted in its entirety.link-lift vehicle-The conveyance, together with itsoperating personnel, used to satisfy a movementrequirement between nodes.link-route segments-Route segments that connectnodes wherein link-lift vehicles perfonn themovement function.liquid explosive(*)-Explosive which is fluid atnormal temperatures.liquid propellant-Any liquid combustible fed tothe combustion chamber <strong>of</strong> a rocket engine.listening watch-A continuous receiver watchestablished for the reception <strong>of</strong> traffic addressedto, or <strong>of</strong> interest to, the unit maintainingthe watch, with complete log optional.list <strong>of</strong> targets-A tabulation <strong>of</strong> confinned orsuspect targets maintained by any echelon forinformational <strong>and</strong> fire support planning purposes.See also target list.tJitter-A basket or frame utilized for the tr ___ Lrt<strong>of</strong> injured persons. JUtter patient-A patient requiring litter accommodationswhile in transit.LKA-See attack cargo ship.load(*)-The total weight <strong>of</strong> passengers <strong>and</strong>/orfreight carried on board a ship, aircraft, train,road vehicle, or other means <strong>of</strong> conveyance.See also airlift capability; airlift requirement;allowable load; combat load; st<strong>and</strong>ard load.load control group(*)-Personnel who are concernedwith organization <strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> loadingwithin the pick-up zone.loading(*)-The process <strong>of</strong> putting personnel,materiel, <strong>and</strong> supplies on board ships, aircraft,trains, road vehicles, or other means <strong>of</strong> conveyance.See also embarkation.loadiDg chart (aircraft)-Any one <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong>charts carried in an aircraft which shows theproper location for loads to be transported <strong>and</strong>219
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>which penains to check-lists, balance records,<strong>and</strong> clearances for :Weight <strong>and</strong> balance.loading plan(•)-All <strong>of</strong> the individually prepareddocuments which, takeri together, present indetail all instructions for the arrangement <strong>of</strong>personnel, <strong>and</strong> the loading <strong>of</strong> equipment forone or more units ·or other special grouping <strong>of</strong>personnel or material moving by highway,water' rail' or air transportation. s~ alsoocean manifest.loading point(*)-A point where one aircraft canbe loaded or unloaded.loading site(*)-An area containing a number <strong>of</strong>loading points.load spreader(*)-Material used to distribute theweight <strong>of</strong> a load over a given floor area toavoid exceeding designed stress.localizer(*)-A directional radio beacon whichprovides to an aircraft an indication <strong>of</strong> itslateral position relative to a predetennined fmalapproach course. See also beacon; instrumentl<strong>and</strong>ing system.localizer mode(*)-ln a flight control system, acontrol mode in which an aircraft is automaticallypositioned to, <strong>and</strong> held at, the center <strong>of</strong>the localizer course.local mean time(*)-The time interval elapsedsince the mean sun's transit <strong>of</strong> the observer'santi-meridian.local procurement-The process <strong>of</strong> obtainingpersonnel, services, supplies, <strong>and</strong> equipmentfrom local or indigenous sources.local purchase-The function <strong>of</strong> acquiring a decentralizeditem <strong>of</strong> supply from sources outsidethe Department <strong>of</strong> Defense.local war-Not to be used. See limited war.LOCAP-Low combat air patrol.lock on(*)-Signifies that a tracking or target-seekingsystem is continuously <strong>and</strong> automaticallytracking a target in one or more coordinates(e.g., range, bearing, elevation).lodgment area-See airhead; beachhead.l<strong>of</strong>t bombing-A method <strong>of</strong> bombing in which thedelivery plane approaches the target at a verylow altitude, makes a definite pullup at a givenpoint, releaSes the bomb at a predeterminedpoint during the pullup, <strong>and</strong> tosses the bombonto the target. See also over-the-shoulderbombing; toss bombing.logair-Long-tenn contract airlift service withi.continental United States for the movementcargo in support <strong>of</strong> the logistics systems <strong>of</strong> th ·<strong>Military</strong> Services (primarily the Army <strong>and</strong> AiForce) <strong>and</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Defense agencies.See also quicktnms.logistic assessment(*)-An evaluation <strong>of</strong>: a. Thelogistic support required to support particularmilitary operations in a theater <strong>of</strong> operations,country, or area. b. The actual <strong>and</strong>/or potentiallogistics support available for the conduct<strong>of</strong> military operations either within the theater,country, or area,· or located elsewhere.logistic estimate <strong>of</strong> the situation-An appraisalresulting from an orderly examination <strong>of</strong> thelogistic factors influencing contemplated courses<strong>of</strong> action to provide conclusions concerningthe degree <strong>and</strong> manner <strong>of</strong> that influence. Seealso estimate <strong>of</strong> the situation.logistic impHcations test-An analysis <strong>of</strong> themajor logistic aspects <strong>of</strong> a joint strategic warplan <strong>and</strong> the cOnsideration <strong>of</strong> the logistic implicationsresultant therefrom as they may limitthe acceptability <strong>of</strong> the plan. The logisticanalysis <strong>and</strong> consideration are conducted concurrentlywith the development <strong>of</strong> the strategic220
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>plan. The object~e is to establish whether thelogistic requireni~ts generated by the plan arein balance with ~ailabilities, <strong>and</strong> to set forththose logistic implications that should beweighed by the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff in theirconsideration <strong>of</strong> the plan. See also feasibilitytest.logistic routes-See lines <strong>of</strong> communications.logistics(*)-The science <strong>of</strong> planning <strong>and</strong> ·carryingout the movement <strong>and</strong> maintenance <strong>of</strong> forces.In its most comprehensive sense, those aspects<strong>of</strong> military operations which deal with: a.design <strong>and</strong> development, acquisition, storage,movement, distribution, maintenance, evacuation,<strong>and</strong> disposition <strong>of</strong> materiel; b. movement,evacuation, <strong>and</strong> hospitalization <strong>of</strong> personnel;c. acquisition or construction, maintenance,operation, <strong>and</strong> disposition <strong>of</strong> facilities;<strong>and</strong> d. acquisition or furnishing <strong>of</strong> services.logistics-over-the-shore operations-The loading<strong>and</strong> unloading <strong>of</strong> ships without the benefit <strong>of</strong>fixed port facilities, in friendly or nondefendedterritory, <strong>and</strong>, in time <strong>of</strong> war, during phases <strong>of</strong>theater development in which there is no oppositionby the enemy. Also called LOTS.logistics sourcing-The identification <strong>of</strong> the origin<strong>and</strong> determination <strong>of</strong> the availability <strong>of</strong> thetime-phased force <strong>and</strong> deployment data nonunitlogistics requirements.logistic support-Logistic support encompasses thelogistic service!!. materiel, <strong>and</strong> transportationrequired to support the continental UnitedStates-based <strong>and</strong> worldwide deployed forces.logistic support (medical)-Medical care, treatment,hospitalization, evacuation, furnishing <strong>of</strong>medical services, supplies, materiel, <strong>and</strong> adjunctsthereto.LOMEZ-See low-altitude missile engagementzone.long-range bomber aircraft-A bomber designedfor a tactical operating radius over 2,500nautical miles at design gross weight <strong>and</strong>design bomb load.long-range transport aircraft-See transportaircraft.look(*)-In mine warfare, a period during which amine circuit is receptive <strong>of</strong> an influence.loran(*)-A long-range radio navigation positionfixing system using the time difference <strong>of</strong>reception <strong>of</strong> pulse type transmissions from twoor more fixed stations. This term is derivedfrom the words long-range electronic navigation.lost(*)-In artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire suppo~ aspotting, or an observation used by a spotte oran observer to indicate that rounds fired · agun or mortar were not observed. ·a quantity <strong>of</strong> material all <strong>of</strong>which was manufactured under identical conditions<strong>and</strong> assigned an identifying lot number.lot~pecifically,low-A height between five hundred <strong>and</strong> twothous<strong>and</strong> feet.low airburst(*)-The fallout safe height <strong>of</strong> burstfor a nuclear weapon which maximizes damageto or casualties on surface targets. See alsotypes <strong>of</strong> burst.low-altitude bombing-Horizontal bombing withthe height <strong>of</strong> release between 900 <strong>and</strong> 8,000feet.low altitude bombing system mode-In a flightcontrol system, a control mode in which thelow altitude bombing maneuver <strong>of</strong> an aircraft iscontrolled automatically.low-altitude missUe engagement zone-See wea~on engagement zone.221
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>low angle(*)-ln anifiery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire support,an order or ~equest to obtain low anglefire.low augle ru-e(*)-Fire delivered. at angles <strong>of</strong>elevation below the elevation that correspondsto the maximum range <strong>of</strong> the gun <strong>and</strong> ammunitionconcerned.low augle l<strong>of</strong>t bombing(*)-Type <strong>of</strong> l<strong>of</strong>t bombing<strong>of</strong> free fall bombs wherein weapon releaseoccurs at an angle less than 35 degrees abovethe horizontal. See also l<strong>of</strong>t bombing.low dollar value item-An item which normallyrequire$ considerably less management effortthan those in the other management intensitygroupings.low inteusity conOict-Political-military confrontationbetween contending states or groups belowconventional war <strong>and</strong> above the routine, peacefulcompetition among states. It frequentlyinvolves protracted struggles <strong>of</strong> competingprinciples <strong>and</strong> ideologies. Low intensity conflictranges from subversion to the use <strong>of</strong>armed force. It is waged by a combination <strong>of</strong>means employing political, economic, informational,<strong>and</strong> military instruments. Low intensity. conflicts are <strong>of</strong>ten localized, generally in theThird World, but contain regional <strong>and</strong> globalsecurity implications. Also called UC. ·low visibility operations-Sensitive operationswherein the political-military restrictions inherentin covert <strong>and</strong> cl<strong>and</strong>estine operations areeither not necessary or not feasible; actions aretaken as required to limit exposure <strong>of</strong> thoseinvolved <strong>and</strong>/or their activities. Execution <strong>of</strong>these operations is undertaken with the knowledgethat the action <strong>and</strong>/or sponsorship <strong>of</strong> theoperation may preclude plausible denial by theinitiating power.LPD-See amphibious transport dock.LSD-See dock l<strong>and</strong>ing ship.LST -see tank l<strong>and</strong>ing ship.L VTE-1-see l<strong>and</strong>ing vehicle, tracked, eogineee,modell.Ilow level flight-See terrain Oight.low level tnmsit ro~(*)-A temporary corridor<strong>of</strong> defmed dimensions established in the forwardarea to miftimize the risk to friendlyaircraft from friendly air defenses or surfaceforces.low oblique-See oblique air photograph.low velocity drop(*)-A drop procedure in whichthe drop velocity does not exceed 30 feet persecond.222
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>-~.c·•..M-42-See Duster (antiaircraft weap
I111<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>1magnetic equator(*)-~ line drawn on a map orchan connecting all ~oints at which the magneticinclination (dip): is zero for a specifiedepoch. Also called aclinic line.magnetic m.ine(*)-A mine which responds to themagnetic field <strong>of</strong> a target.magnetic minebunting-The process <strong>of</strong> usingmagnetic detectors to determine the presenc~ <strong>of</strong>mines or rninelike objects.magnetic north(*)-The direction indicated by thenonh seeking pole <strong>of</strong> a freely suspended magneticneedle, influenced only by the Earth'smagnetic field.magnetic tape-A tape or ribbon <strong>of</strong> any materialimpregnated or coated with magnetic or othermaterial on which information may be placedin the form <strong>of</strong> magnetically polarized spots.magnetic variation(*)-1. In navigation, at agiven place <strong>and</strong> time, the horizontal anglebetween the true nonh <strong>and</strong> magnetic nonhmeasured east or west according to whethermagnetic nonh lies east or west <strong>of</strong> true nonh.See also magnetic declination. 2. In canography,the annual change in direction <strong>of</strong> thehorizontal component <strong>of</strong> the Earth's magneticfield.MAGTF-See Marine air-ground task force.main attack(*)-The principal attack or effon intowhich the comm<strong>and</strong>er throws the full weight <strong>of</strong>the <strong>of</strong>fensive power at his disposal. An attackdirected against the chief objective <strong>of</strong> thecampaign or battle.main battle area-That ponion <strong>of</strong> the battlefield inwhich ihe decisive battle is fought to defeat theenemy. For any panicular comm<strong>and</strong>, the mainbattle area extends rearward from the forwardedge <strong>of</strong> the battle area to the rear boundary <strong>of</strong>the comm<strong>and</strong>'s subordinate units.main battle tank-See tank, main battle.main convoy(*)-The convoy as a whole whichsails from the convoy assembly port/anchorageto its destination. It may be supplemented byjoiners or joiner convoys, <strong>and</strong> leavers or Ieaverconvoys may break <strong>of</strong>f.main detonating line(*)-ln demolition, a line <strong>of</strong>detonating cord used to transmit the detonationwave to two or more branches.main line <strong>of</strong> resistance-A line at the forwardedge <strong>of</strong> the battle position, designated for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> coordinating the fire <strong>of</strong> all units <strong>and</strong>supponing weapons, including air <strong>and</strong> navalgunfire. It defmes the forward limits <strong>of</strong> aseries <strong>of</strong> mutually supporting defensive areas,but it does not include the areas occupied orused by covering or screening forces.\111111111111111main airfield(*)-An airfield planned for permanentoccupation in peacetime, at a locationsuitable for wartime utilizatfon, <strong>and</strong> with operationalfacilities <strong>of</strong> a st<strong>and</strong>ar~ adequate to developfull use <strong>of</strong> its war combat potential. Seealso alternative airfield; departure airfield;redeployment airfield.main armament-The request <strong>of</strong> the observer orspotter to obtain fire from the largest gunsinstalled on the fire suppon ship.main operatious base-In special operations, abase established by a joint force special opera-·tions component comm<strong>and</strong>er or a subordinatespecial operations component comm<strong>and</strong>er infriendly territory to provide sustained comm<strong>and</strong><strong>and</strong> control, administration, <strong>and</strong> logisticalsuppon to special operations activities in designatedareas. Also called MOB. See alsoadvanced operations base; forward operationsbase.224
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>main road-A road .:capable <strong>of</strong> serving as theprincipal grouJ}d -iine <strong>of</strong> communication to anarea or locality. t1sually it is wide enough <strong>and</strong>suitable for two-way, all-weather traffic at highspeeds.. main supply route(*)-The route or routes designatedwithin an area <strong>of</strong> operations upon whichthe bulk <strong>of</strong> traffic flows in support <strong>of</strong> militaryoperations.maintain-When used in the context <strong>of</strong> deliberateplanning, the directed comm<strong>and</strong> will keep thereferenced operation plan, operation plan inconcept format, or concept summary, <strong>and</strong> anyassociated <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> ExecutionSystem (JOPES) automated data processingfiles active in accordance with applicabletasking documents describing the type <strong>and</strong> level<strong>of</strong> update or maintenance to be performed.General guidance is contained in JOPES,Volumes I <strong>and</strong> ll. See also archive; retain.maintenance area-A general locality in which aregrouped a number <strong>of</strong> maintenance activities forthe purpose <strong>of</strong> retaining or restoring materiel toa serviceable condition.maintenance engineering-The application <strong>of</strong>techniques, engineering skills, <strong>and</strong> effort,organized to ensure that the design <strong>and</strong> development<strong>of</strong> weapon systems <strong>and</strong> equipmentprovide adequately for their effective <strong>and</strong>economical maintenance.maintenance (materiel)-1. All action taken toretain materiel"!Jl.a serviceable condition or torestore it to serViceability. It includes inspection,testing, servicing, classification as toserviceability, repair, rebuilding, <strong>and</strong> reclamation.2. All supply <strong>and</strong> repair action taken tokeep a force in condition to carry out its mission.3. The routine recurring work requiredto keep a facility (plant, building, structure,ground facility, utility system, or other real· property) in such condition that it may becontinuously used, at its original or designedcapacity <strong>and</strong> efficiency for its intended purpose.maintenance statm-1. A nonoperating condition,deliberately imposed, with adequatepersonnel to maintain <strong>and</strong> preserve installa- ·_tions, materiel, <strong>and</strong> facilities in such a conditionthat they may be readily restored to operablecondition in a minimum time by the assignment<strong>of</strong> additional personnel <strong>and</strong> without extensiverepair or overhaul. 2. That condition <strong>of</strong>materiel which is in fact, or is administrativelyclassified as, unserviceable, pending completion<strong>of</strong> required servicing or repairs.major combat element-Those organizations <strong>and</strong>units described in the <strong>Joint</strong> Strategic CapabilitiesPlan that directly produce combat capabvity.The size <strong>of</strong> the element varies by Servi· e,force capability, <strong>and</strong> the total number <strong>of</strong> s helements available. Examples are Army d' isions <strong>and</strong> separate brigades, Air Force squadrons,Navy task forces, <strong>and</strong> Marine expedition-. ary forces. See also major force.major disaster-See domestic emergencies.major fleet-A principal, permanent subdivision <strong>of</strong>the operating forces <strong>of</strong> the Navy with certainsupporting shore activities. Presently there aretwo such fleets: the Pacific Fleet <strong>and</strong> the AtlanticFleet. See also fleet.major force-A military organization comprised <strong>of</strong>major combat elements <strong>and</strong> associated combatsupport, combat service support, <strong>and</strong> sustainmentincrements. The major force is capable<strong>of</strong> sustained military operations in response toplan employment requirements. See alsomajor combat element.major installation-In the Air Force, a self-supportingcenter <strong>of</strong> operations for actions <strong>of</strong>importance to Air Force combat, combat support,or training. It is operated by an active.225
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>reserve, or Guard unit <strong>of</strong> group size or largerwith all l<strong>and</strong>, fteilities <strong>and</strong> organic supportneeded to accomplish the unit mission. It musthave real property accountability throughownership, lease, permit, or other writtenagreement for all real estate <strong>and</strong> facilities.Agreements with foreign governments whichgive the Air Force jurisdiction over real propertymeet this requirement. Shared use agreements(as opposed to joint use agreementswhere the Air Force owns the runway) do notmeet the criteria to be major installations. Thiscategory includes Air Force bases; air bases;air reserve bases; <strong>and</strong> Air Guard bases. Seealso installation complex; minor iDstallation;other activity; support site.major nuclear power(*)-Any nation that possessesa nuclear striking force capable <strong>of</strong> posing aserious threat to every other nation.major port(*)-Any port with two or more berths<strong>and</strong> facilities <strong>and</strong> equipment capable <strong>of</strong> discharging100,000 tons <strong>of</strong> cargo per month fromocean-going ships. Such pons will be designatedas probable nuclear targets. See alsoport.major weapon system-One <strong>of</strong> a limited number<strong>of</strong> systems or subsystems which, for reasons <strong>of</strong>military urgency, criticality, or resource requirements,is determined by the Department <strong>of</strong>Defense as being vital to the national interest.make safe-One or more actions necessary toprevent or interrs>t complete function <strong>of</strong> thesystem (traditiona.Hy synonymous with "deann,""disarm," Jnd "disable"). Among thenecessary actions are: {1) install (safety devicessuch as pins or locks); {2) dis.connect (hoses,linkages, batteries); (3) bleed (accumulators,reservoirs}; (4} remove (explosive devices suchas initiators, fuzes, .detonators); (5) intervene(as in welding, lockwiring).226management-A process <strong>of</strong> establishing <strong>and</strong>attaining objectives to carry out responsibilities.Management consists <strong>of</strong> those continuingactions <strong>of</strong> planning, organizing, directing,coordinating, controlling, <strong>and</strong> evaluating theuse <strong>of</strong> men, money, materials, <strong>and</strong> facilities toaccomplish missions <strong>and</strong> tasks. Management is ~inherent in comm<strong>and</strong>, but it does not include asextensive authority <strong>and</strong> responsibility as comm<strong>and</strong>.management <strong>and</strong> control system (mobility)-Thoseelements <strong>of</strong> organizations <strong>and</strong>/oractivities which are part <strong>of</strong>, or are closelyrelated to, the mobility system, <strong>and</strong> whichauthorize requirements to be moved, to obtain<strong>and</strong> allocate lift resources, or to direct theoperation <strong>of</strong> linldift vehicles.tmaneuver(*)-I. A movement to place ships lraircraft in a position <strong>of</strong> advantage over .l:eenemy. 2. A tactical exercise carried out atsea, in the air, on the ground, or on a map in (\imitation <strong>of</strong> war. 3. The operation <strong>of</strong> a ship,aircraft, or vehicle, to cause it to performdesired movements. 4. Employment <strong>of</strong> forceson the battlefield through movement in combinationwith fire, or fire potential, to achieve aposition <strong>of</strong> advantage in respect to the enemy inorder to accomplish the mission.maneuverable reentry vehicle-A reentry vehiclecapable <strong>of</strong> performing preplanned flight maneuversduring the reentry phase. See also multipleindependently targetable reentry vehicle;multiple reentry vehicle; reentry vehicle.maneuvering area-That pan <strong>of</strong> an airfield usedfor take<strong>of</strong>fs, l<strong>and</strong>ings, <strong>and</strong> associated maneuvers.See also aircraft marshalling area.manifest-A document specifying in detail thepassengers or items carried for a specificdestination.,0
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>manipulative electromagnetic deception-Seeelectromagnetic-~~eception......man portable(*)-Capable <strong>of</strong> being carried by oneman. Specifically, the tenn may be used toqualify: 1. Items designed to be carried as anintegral part <strong>of</strong> individual, crew-served, orteam equipment <strong>of</strong> the dismounted soldier inconjunction with his assigned duties. Upperweight limit: approximately 14 kilograms (31pounds.) 2. In l<strong>and</strong> warfare, equipment whichcan be carried by one man over long distancewithout serious degradation <strong>of</strong> the performance<strong>of</strong> his normal duties.manpower-See manpower requirements; manpowerresources.manpower ma.nagement(*)-The means <strong>of</strong> manpowercontrol to ensure the most efficient <strong>and</strong>economical use <strong>of</strong> available manpower.manpower management survey(*)-Systematicevaluation <strong>of</strong> a functional area, utilizing expert~owledge, manpower scaling guides, experience,<strong>and</strong> other practical considerations indetermining the validity <strong>and</strong> managerial efficiency<strong>of</strong> the function's present or proposedmanpower establishment.manpower requirements-Human resourcesneeded to accomplish specified work loads <strong>of</strong>organizations.manpower resources-Human resources availableto the Services which can be applied againstmanpower req~h=ements.-man space-The space <strong>and</strong> weight factor used todetermine the combat capacity <strong>of</strong> vehicles,craft, <strong>and</strong> transport aircraft, based on therequirements <strong>of</strong> one person with individualequipment. The person is assumed to weighbetween 222-250 pounds <strong>and</strong> to occupy 13.5cubic feet <strong>of</strong> space. See also boat space.man transportable-Items which are usuallytransported on wheeled, tracked, or air vehicles,but have integral provisions to allowperiodic h<strong>and</strong>ling by one or more individualsfor limited distances (100-500 meters). Upperweight limit: approximately 65 pounds perindividual.many· (raid size)-ln air intercept usage, 8 ormore aircraft. See also few (raid size).map(*)-A graphic representation, usually on aplane surface, <strong>and</strong> at an established scale, <strong>of</strong>natural or artificial features on the surface <strong>of</strong> apart or the whole <strong>of</strong> the Earth or other planetarybody. The features are positioned relativeto a coordinate reference system. See alsoadministrative map; battle map; chart index;chart series; chart sheet; controlled Jllllp;general map; large scale map; line rtemap; map chart; map index; map se es;map sheet; medium-scale map; opera onmap; planimetric map; situation map; smallscalemap; strategic map; tactical map;topographic map; traffic circulation map;weather map.map chart-A representation <strong>of</strong> a l<strong>and</strong>-sea area,using the characteristics <strong>of</strong> a map to represent ·the l<strong>and</strong> area <strong>and</strong> the characteristics <strong>of</strong> a chartto represent the sea area, with such specialcharacteristics as to make the map-chart mostuseful in military operations, particularlyamphibious operations. See also map.map convergence(*)-The angle at which onemeridian is inclined to another on a map orchart. See also convergence.map exercise-An exercise in which a series <strong>of</strong>military situations is stated <strong>and</strong> solved on amap.map index(*)-Graphic key primarily designed togive the relationship between sheets <strong>of</strong> a series,227
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>their coverage, availability, <strong>and</strong> further informationon the seri~. See also map.mapping camera-See air cartographic camera.mapping, charting, <strong>and</strong> geodesy~Maps, charts,<strong>and</strong> other data used for military planning,operations, <strong>and</strong> training. These products <strong>and</strong>datt support air, l<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> sea navigation;weapon system guidance; target posi~ioning;<strong>and</strong> other military activities. These data arepresented in the forms <strong>of</strong> topographic, planimetric,imaged, or thematic maps <strong>and</strong> graphics;nautical <strong>and</strong> aeronautical charts <strong>and</strong> publications;<strong>and</strong>, in digital <strong>and</strong> textual formats,gazetteers, which contain geophysical <strong>and</strong>geodetic data <strong>and</strong> coordinate lists. Also calledMC&G.map reference(*)-A means <strong>of</strong> identifying a pointon the surface <strong>of</strong> the Earth by relating it toinformation appearing on a map, generally thegraticule or grid.map reference code(*)-A code used primarily forencoding grid coordinates <strong>and</strong> other informationpertaining to maps. This code may beused for other purposes where the encryption<strong>of</strong> numerals is required.map series(*)-A group <strong>of</strong> maps or charts usuallyhaving the same scale <strong>and</strong> canographic specifications,<strong>and</strong> with each sheet appropriatelyidentified by producing agency as belonging tothe same series.map sheet(*)-An individual map or chart eithercomplete in itself or part <strong>of</strong> a series. See alsomap.margin(*)-ln canography, the area <strong>of</strong> a map orchart lying outside the border.marginal data(*)-All explanatory informationgiven in the margin <strong>of</strong> a map or chart whichclarifies, defines, illustrates, <strong>and</strong>/or supplementsthe graphic portion <strong>of</strong> the sheet.marginal information-See marginal data.marginal weather-Weather which is sufficientlyadverse to a military operation so as to requirethe imposition <strong>of</strong> procedural limitations. ·Seealso adverse weather.Marine air comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control system-A USMarine Corps tactical air comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> controlsystem which provides the tactical air comm<strong>and</strong>erwith the means to comm<strong>and</strong>, coordinate,<strong>and</strong> control all air operations within anassigned sector <strong>and</strong> to coordinate air operationswith other Services. It is composed <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong><strong>and</strong> control agencies with communi~t. tions-electronics equipment that incorporatescapability from manual through semiautomatcontrol. .Marine air control squadron-The component <strong>of</strong>the Marine air control group which provides<strong>and</strong> operates ground facilities for the detection<strong>and</strong> interception <strong>of</strong> hostile aircraft <strong>and</strong> for thenavigational direction <strong>of</strong> friendly aircraft in theconduct <strong>of</strong> support missions.Marine air-ground task force-A task organization<strong>of</strong> Marine forces (division, aircraft wing,<strong>and</strong> service support groups) under a singlecomm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> structured to accomplish a specificmission. The Marine air-ground taskforce (MAGTF) components will normallyinclude comm<strong>and</strong>, aviation combat, groundcombat, <strong>and</strong> combat service support elements(including Navy Support Elements). Threetypes <strong>of</strong> Marine air-ground task forces whichcan be task organized are the Marine expeditionaryunit, Marine expeditionary brigade, <strong>and</strong>Marine expeditionary force. The four elements<strong>of</strong> a Marine air-ground task force are: a.comm<strong>and</strong> element (CE)-The MAGTF headquarters.The CE is a permanent organizationcomposed <strong>of</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>er, general or execu-228
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>tive <strong>and</strong> special ~taff sections, headquarterssection, <strong>and</strong> re~site communications <strong>and</strong>service support f®ilities. The CE providescomm<strong>and</strong>, control~ <strong>and</strong> coordination essentialfor effective planning <strong>and</strong> execution <strong>of</strong> operationsby the other three elements <strong>of</strong> theMAGTF. There is only one CE. in a MAGTF.b. aviation combat element (ACE)-TheMAGTF element that is task organized toprovide all or a portion <strong>of</strong> the functions <strong>of</strong>Marine Corps aviation in varying degr~s basedon the tactical situation <strong>and</strong> the MAGTF mission<strong>and</strong> size. These functions are air reconnaissance,antiair warfare, assault support,<strong>of</strong>fensive air support, electronic warfare, <strong>and</strong>control <strong>of</strong> aircraft <strong>and</strong> missiles. The ACE isorganized around an aviation headquarters <strong>and</strong>varies in size from a reinforced helicoptersquadron to one or more Marine aircraftwing(s). It includes those aviation comm<strong>and</strong>(including air control agencies), combat, combatsupport, <strong>and</strong> combat service support unitsrequired by the situation. Normally, there isonly one ACE in a MAGTF. c. groundcombat element (GCE)-The MAGTF elementthat is task organized to conduct ground operations.The GCE is constructed around aninfantry unit <strong>and</strong> varies in size from a reinforcedinfantry battalion to one or more reinforcedMarine division(s). The GCE alsoincludes appropriate combat support <strong>and</strong> combatservice support units. Normally, there isonly one GCE in a MAGTF. d. combatservice support element (CSSE)-The MAGTFelement that is task organized to provide thefull range <strong>of</strong> combat service support necessaryto accomplish ~ JdAGTF mission. CSSE canprovide supply,- maintenance, transportation,deliberate engineer, health, postal, disbursing,enemy prisoner <strong>of</strong> war, automated informationsystems, exchange, utilities, legal, <strong>and</strong> gravesregistration services. The CSSE varies in sizefrom a Marine expeditionary unit (MEU)service support group (MSSG) to a forceservice support group (FSSG). Normally,there is only one combat service support ele-ment in a MAGTF. See also combat servicesupport elements; Marine expeditionarybrigade; Marine expeditionary force; Marineexpeditionary unit; task force.Marine air support squadron-The component <strong>of</strong>the Marine air control group which provides<strong>and</strong> operates facilities for the control <strong>of</strong> supportaircraft operating in direct support <strong>of</strong> groundforces.Marine base-A base for support <strong>of</strong> Marineground forces, consisting <strong>of</strong> activities or facilitiesfor which the Marine Corps has operatingresponsibilities, together with interior lines <strong>of</strong>communications <strong>and</strong> the minimum surroundingarea necessary for local security. (Normally,not greater than an area <strong>of</strong> 20 square miles.)See also base complex.tMarine division/wing team-A Marine CoJ,sair-ground team consisting <strong>of</strong> one division· ~done aircraft wing, together with their normalreinforcements.marine environment-The oceans, seas, bays,estuaries, <strong>and</strong> other major water bodies, includingtheir surface interface <strong>and</strong> interaction, withthe atmosphere <strong>and</strong> with the l<strong>and</strong> seaward <strong>of</strong>the mean high water mark.Marine expeditionary brigade-A task organizationwhich is normally built around a regimentall<strong>and</strong>ing team, a provisional Marine aircraftgroup, <strong>and</strong> a logistics support group. It iscapable <strong>of</strong> conducting amphibious assaultoperations <strong>of</strong> a limited scope. During potentialcrisis situations, a Marine expeditionary brigademay be forward deployed afloat for anextended period in order to provide an immediatecombat response. Also called :MEB. Seealso Marine air-ground task force.Marine expeditionary force-The Marine expeditionaryforce, the largest <strong>of</strong> the Marine airgroundtask forces, is normally built around a229
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>division/wing t~, but can include severaldivisions <strong>and</strong> ai~raft wings, together with anappropriate combat service suppon organization.The Marine expeditionary force is capable<strong>of</strong> conducting a wide range <strong>of</strong> amphibiousassault operations <strong>and</strong> sustained operationsashore. It can be tailored for a wide variety <strong>of</strong>combat missions in any geographic environment.Also called MEF. See also Marineair-ground task force.Marine expeditionary unit-A task organizationwhich is nonnally built around a battalionl<strong>and</strong>ing team, reinforced helicopter squadron,<strong>and</strong> logistic support unit. It fulfills routineforward afloat deployment requirements, providesan immediate reaction capability for crisissituations, <strong>and</strong> is capable <strong>of</strong> relatively limitedcombat operations. Also called MEU. Seealso Marine air-ground task force.Marine expeditionary unit (special operationscapable)-A forward-deployed, embarked USMarine Corps unit with enhanced capability toconduct special operations. The Marine expeditionaryunit (special operations capable) isoriented toward amphibious raids, at night,under limited visibility, while employing emissioncontrol procedures. The Marine expeditionaryunit (special operations capable) is nota Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense-designated special ·operations force but, when directed by theNational Comm<strong>and</strong> Authorities <strong>and</strong>/or thetheater comm<strong>and</strong>er, may conduct hostagerecovery or other special operations under inextremis circums~ces when designated specialoperations forces~ not available. Also calledMEU(SOC).maritime control area-An area generaHy similarto a defensive sea area in purpose except that itmay be established any place on the high seas.Maritime control areas are nonnally establishedonly in time <strong>of</strong> war. See also defensive seaarea.~Imaritime defense sector(*)-One <strong>of</strong> the subdivi- ,sions <strong>of</strong> a coastal area.maritime power projection-Power projection in<strong>and</strong> from the maritime environment, includinga broad spectrum <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fensive military operationsto destroy enemy forces or logistic supportor to prevent enemy forces from approachingwithin enemy weapons' range <strong>of</strong> friendlyforces. Maritime power projection may beaccomplished by amphibious assault operations,attack <strong>of</strong> targets ashore, or suppon <strong>of</strong> seacontrol operations.tmaritime prepositioning ships-Civilian-crewl.,<strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>-chanered sh'tswhich are organized into three squadrons <strong>and</strong>are usually forward-deployed. These ships are ~~loaded with prepositioned equipment <strong>and</strong> 30days <strong>of</strong> supplies to support three Marine expeditionarybrigades. Also called MPS. See alsoNavy Cargo H<strong>and</strong>ling Battalion.maritime search <strong>and</strong> rescue region-The waterssubject to the jurisdiction <strong>of</strong> the United States;· the territories <strong>and</strong> possessions <strong>of</strong> the UnitedStates (except Canal Zone <strong>and</strong> the inl<strong>and</strong> area<strong>of</strong> Alaska) <strong>and</strong> designated areas <strong>of</strong> the highseas. See also search <strong>and</strong> rescue region.maritime special purpose force-A task-organizedforce formed from elements <strong>of</strong> a Marine expeditionaryunit (special operations capable) <strong>and</strong>naval special warfare forces that can be quicklytailored to a specific mission. The maritimespecial purpose force can execute on shonnotice a wide variety <strong>of</strong> missions in a supponing,supponed, or unilateral role. It focuses onoperations in a maritime environment <strong>and</strong> iscapable <strong>of</strong> operations in conjunction with or insupport <strong>of</strong> special operations forces. The (\maritime environment-The oceans, seas, bays,estuaries, isl<strong>and</strong>s, coastal areas, <strong>and</strong> the airspaceabove these, including amphibious objec-tive areas. ~t')"230
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lmaritime special pmpose force is integral toIDd directly relies upon the Marine expeditionaryunit (special operations capable) for allcombat <strong>and</strong> combat service suppon. Alsocalled MSPF.mark-1. In artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire suppon:.' a. to call for fire on a specified location inorder to orient the observer/spotter or to indicatetargets; b. to repon. the instant <strong>of</strong> optimmnlight on the target produced by illuminationshells. 2. In naval operations, to 111e amaritime unit to maintain an immediate <strong>of</strong>fensiveor obstructive capability against a specifiedtarget. See also marker.marker(*)-1. A visual or electronic aid used tomark a designated point. 2. In laDd millewarfare: See pp marker; iDtermediate mark·er; lane marker; row marker; strip marker.3. In naval operatioDS, a maritime unit whichmaimaim an immediate <strong>of</strong>fCDSive or obsauctivecapability against a specified target. See alsobeacoa; sbadower; mark.marker sbip(*)-ln an amphibious operation. aship which takes accurate station on a designaledcontrol point. It may fly ideDtifyiDa flapby day <strong>and</strong> show lights to seaward by DiJbl.lll8l"ldiJc error
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>master film(*)-The ear~iest generation <strong>of</strong> imagery(negative or positive) from which subsequentcopies are produced.master force list-A file which contains the currentstatus <strong>of</strong> each requirement for a givenoperation plan. The master force list is madeavailable for file transfer service (FTS) transferto other Worldwide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>Control System activities from a file producedfrom the joint deployment system data base.Also called MFL. .master plot(*)-A portion <strong>of</strong> a map or overlay onwhich are drawn· the outlines <strong>of</strong> the areascovered by an air photographic sortie. Latitude<strong>and</strong> longitude, map, <strong>and</strong> sortie information aresho~. See also sortie plot.materials b<strong>and</strong>liag(*)-The movement <strong>of</strong> materials(raw materials, scrap, semifinished, <strong>and</strong>finished) to, through, <strong>and</strong> from productive· processes; in warehouses <strong>and</strong> storase; <strong>and</strong> inreceiving <strong>and</strong> shipping areas.materials b<strong>and</strong>liDg equipmeat-Mecbanicaldevices for h<strong>and</strong>ling <strong>of</strong> supplies with greaterease <strong>and</strong> economy.materiel-All items (including ships, tanks, selfpropelledweapons, aircraft, etc., 8Dd relatedspares, repair pans, <strong>and</strong> suppon ecjuipment,but excluding real propeny, installations, <strong>and</strong>utilities) necessary to equip, operate, maintain,<strong>and</strong> suppon military activities without distinctionas to its application for administrative orcombat purposes. See also equlpneat; persoaalproperty.materiel copizallc:e-Denotes responsibility forexercising supply management over items orcategories <strong>of</strong> materiel.materiel control-See Inventory control.232materiel iDventory objective-The quantity <strong>of</strong> anitem required to be on b<strong>and</strong> aDd on order onM-clay in order to equip, provide a materielpipeline, <strong>and</strong> sustain the approved US forcestructure (active <strong>and</strong> reserve) <strong>and</strong> those Alliedforces designated for US materiel suppon,through the period prescribed for war materielplanning purposes. It is the quantity by whichthe war materiel requirement exceeds the warmateriel procurement capability <strong>and</strong> the warmateriel requirement adjustment. It includesthe M-clay force materiel requirement <strong>and</strong> thewar reserve materiel requirement.materiel management-see iaventory control.materiel pipeline-The quantity <strong>of</strong> an item requiredin the worldwide supply system tomaintain an uninterrupted replacement flow.materiel pl•mdng-A subset <strong>of</strong> logistic planning<strong>and</strong> consists <strong>of</strong> a four-step process: a. require-meats definition. Requirements for significant ~~items must be calculated at item level detail(i.e.• national stoclc number) to suppon sustain- ,~ability piiDiling <strong>and</strong> analysis. Requirementsinclude unit roundout, consumption <strong>and</strong> attritionreplacement, safety stock, <strong>and</strong> the needs <strong>of</strong>allies. b. apportioameat. Items are apportionedto the combatant comm<strong>and</strong>ers based ona global scenario to avoid sourcing <strong>of</strong> items tomultiple theaters. -The basis for apponionment ·is the capability provided by unit stocks, hostnation suppon, theater prepositioned warreserve stocks <strong>and</strong> industrial base, <strong>and</strong> continemalUnited Swes Department <strong>of</strong> Defensestockpiles <strong>and</strong> available production. Itemapponionment cannot exceed total capabilities.c. sourdng. Sourcing is the matching <strong>of</strong>available capabilities on a given date againstitem requirements to suppon sustainabilityanalysis <strong>and</strong> the identification <strong>of</strong> locations tosuppon transponation planning. Sourcing <strong>of</strong>any item is done within the combatant comm<strong>and</strong>er'sapportiomnent. d. documentation.Sourced item requirements <strong>and</strong> correspondings'l'~~
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>-~.shortfalls are maj9r inputs to the combatantcomm<strong>and</strong>er's sus-~inability analysis. Sourceditem requirements are translated into movementrequirements <strong>and</strong> documented in the <strong>Joint</strong>Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution System database for transportation feasibility analysis.Movement requirements for nonsignificantitems are estimated in tonnage.materiel readiness-The availability <strong>of</strong> materielrequired by a military organization to· supportits wartime activities or contingencies, disasterrelief (flood, earthquake, etc.), or other emergencies.materiel release confumation-A notificationfrom a shipping/storage activity advising theoriginator <strong>of</strong> a materiel release order <strong>of</strong> thepositive action taken on the order. It will alsobe used with appropriate shipment status documentidentifier codes as a reply to a . followupinitiated by the inventory control point.maximum aircraft arresting hook load-Themaximum load experienced by an aircraftarresting hook assembly during an arrestment.maximum effective range(*)-The maximumdistance at which a weapon may be expected tobe accurate <strong>and</strong> achieve the desired result.maximum elevation figure(*)-A figure, shown ineach quadrangle bounded by ticked graticulelines on aeronautical charts, which representsthe height in thous<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> hundreds <strong>of</strong> feet,above mean sea level, <strong>of</strong> the highest knownnatural or manmade feature in that quadrangle,plus suitable factors to allow for inaccuracy <strong>and</strong>incompleteness <strong>of</strong> the topographical heightinginformation.maximum l<strong>and</strong>ing weight(*)-The max~gross weight due to design or operatilimitations at which an aircraft is permitt tol<strong>and</strong>.materiel release order-An order issued by anaccountable supply system manager (usually aninventory control point or accountable depot/stockpoint) directing a non-accountableactivity (usually a storage site or materiel droppoint) within the same supply distributioncomplex to release <strong>and</strong> ship materiel.materiel requirements-Those quantities <strong>of</strong> items<strong>of</strong> equipment <strong>and</strong> supplies necessary to equip,provide a materiel pipeline, <strong>and</strong> sustain aService, formation, organization, or unit in thefulfillment <strong>of</strong> ...US purposes or tasks during · aspecified period.-Maverick-An air-to-surface missile with launch<strong>and</strong> leave capability. It is designed for useagainst stationary or moving small, hard wgetssuch as tanks, armored vehicles, <strong>and</strong> fieldfortifications. Designated as AGM-65.maximum operating depth(*)-The depth whicha submarine is not to exceed during operations.This depth is determined by the submarine'snational naval authority. See also test depth.maximum ordinate(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> navalgunfire support, the height <strong>of</strong> the highest pointin the trajectory <strong>of</strong> a projectile above the horizontalplane passing through its origin. Alsocalled vertex height.maximum pennissible concentration-See radioactivityconcentration guide.maxjmum pennissible dose(*)-That radiationdose which a miliWy comm<strong>and</strong>er or otherappropriate authority may prescribe as thelimiting cumulative radiation dose to be receivedover a specific period <strong>of</strong> time by members<strong>of</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>, consistent with- currentoperational miliWy considerations.233
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>-maximum range(*)~ The greatest distance a#(weapon can fire without consideration <strong>of</strong> dispersion.maximum sustained speed(*)-ln road transport,the highest speed at which a vehicle, with itsrated payload, can be driven for an extendedperiod on a level first-class highway withoutsustaining damage.maximum take<strong>of</strong>f weight(*)-The maximum grossweight due to design or operational limitationsat which an aircraft is pennitted to take <strong>of</strong>f.mayday-Distress call.MC-See mission capable.MC&G-See mapping, cbartiDg, <strong>and</strong> geodesy.M-day-See times.M-clay force materiel requirement-The quantity<strong>of</strong> an item required to be on h<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> on order(on M-day minus one day) to equip <strong>and</strong> providea materiel pipeline for the approved peacetimeUS force structure, both active <strong>and</strong> reserve.meaconing(*)-A system <strong>of</strong> receiving radio beaconsignals <strong>and</strong> rebroadcasting them on the samefrequency to confuse navigation. The meaconingstations cause inaccurate bearings to beobtained by aircraft or ground stations. Seealso beacon.mean lethal dose(*)-1. The amount <strong>of</strong> nuclearirradiation <strong>of</strong> the -whole body which would befatal to SO percent <strong>of</strong> the exposed personnel ina given period <strong>of</strong> time. 2. The dose <strong>of</strong> chemicalagent that would kill SO percent <strong>of</strong> exposed,unprotected <strong>and</strong> untreated personnel.mean Hne <strong>of</strong> advance-In naval usage, the directionexpected to be made good over a sustainedperiod.mean point <strong>of</strong> burst-See mean point <strong>of</strong> impact.mean point <strong>of</strong> impact(*)-The point whose coordinatesare the arithmetic means <strong>of</strong> the coordinates<strong>of</strong> the separate points <strong>of</strong> impact/burst <strong>of</strong>a fmite number <strong>of</strong> projectiles fired or releasedat the same aiming point under a given set <strong>of</strong>conditions.mean sea level-The average height <strong>of</strong> the surface<strong>of</strong> the sea for all stages <strong>of</strong> the tide; used as areference for elevations.meaus <strong>of</strong> transport-See mode <strong>of</strong> transport./'\1measurement <strong>and</strong> signature intelligence-Scientific<strong>and</strong> technical intelligence obtained ~quantitative <strong>and</strong> qualitative analysis <strong>of</strong> da(metric, angle, spatial, wavelength, time depe ·-dence, modulation, plasma, <strong>and</strong> hydromagnetiderived from specific technical sensors for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> identifying any distinctive featuresassociated with the source, emitter, or sender 0<strong>and</strong> to facilitate subsequent identification <strong>and</strong>/ormeasurement <strong>of</strong> the same. Also calledMASINT. See also intelligence.mechanical sweep(*)-ln naval mine warfare, anysweep used with the object <strong>of</strong> physically contactingthe mine. or its appendages.median incapacitating dose(•)-The amount orquantity <strong>of</strong> chemical agent which when introducedinto the body will incapacitate SO percent<strong>of</strong> exposed, unprotected personnel.medical evacuees-Personnel who are wounded,injured, or ill <strong>and</strong> must be moved to or betweenmedical facilities.medical intelligence-That category <strong>of</strong> intelligenceresulting from collection, evaluation, analysis,<strong>and</strong> interpretation <strong>of</strong> foreign medical, bio-scientific,<strong>and</strong> environmental information which is<strong>of</strong> interest to strategic planning <strong>and</strong> to militarymedical planning <strong>and</strong> operations for the conser-234
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>vation <strong>of</strong> the fighttng strength <strong>of</strong> friendly forces<strong>and</strong> the fonnati~· <strong>of</strong> assessments <strong>of</strong> foreignmedical capabilities in both military <strong>and</strong> civiliansectors.medical <strong>of</strong>ficer(*)-Physician with ·<strong>of</strong>ficer rank.medical treatment facility-A facility establishedfor the purpose <strong>of</strong> furnishing medical <strong>and</strong>/ordental care to eligible individuals.medium-As used in air intercept, a height between2,000 <strong>and</strong> 25,000 feet.medium-altitude bombing-Horizontal bombingwith the height <strong>of</strong> release between 8,000 <strong>and</strong>15,000 feet.medium-angle l<strong>of</strong>t bombing-Type <strong>of</strong> l<strong>of</strong>t bombingwherein weapon release occurs at an anglebetween 35 <strong>and</strong> 75 degrees above the horizontal.medium artillery-See field artillery.medium atomic demoUtion munition-A lowyield,team-portable, atomic ~emolition munitionwhich can be detonated either by remotecontrol or a timer device.medium-lot storage-Generally defined as aquantity <strong>of</strong> material which will require one tothree pallet stacks, stored to maximum height.Thus, the term refers to relatively small lots asdistinguished from defmitely large or smalllots. See also storage.medium-range balliStic misslle-A ballistic missilewith a range· capability from about 600 to1 ,500 nautical miles.medium-range bomber aircraft-A bomberdesigned for a tactical_ operating radius <strong>of</strong> under1,000 nautical miles at design gross weight <strong>and</strong>design bomb load.medium-range transport aircraft-See transportaircraft.medium-scale map-A map having a scale largerthan 1:600,000 <strong>and</strong> smaller than 1:75,000. Seealso map.meeting engagement(*)-A combat action thatoccurs when a moving force, incompletelydeployed for battle, engages an enemy at anunexpected time <strong>and</strong> place.megaton weapon(*)-A nuclear weapon, the yield<strong>of</strong> which is measured in terms <strong>of</strong> millions <strong>of</strong>tons <strong>of</strong> trinitrotoluene explosive equivalents.See also kiloton weapon; nominal weapon;tsubkiloton weapon.memory-See storage.mercantile convoy(*)-A convoy consisting · ·marily <strong>of</strong> merchant ships controlled by enaval control <strong>of</strong> shipping organization.merchant intelligence-In intelligence h<strong>and</strong>ling,communication instructions for reporting bymerchant vessels <strong>of</strong> vital intelligence sightings.Also called MERINT.merchant sbip(*)-A vessel engaged in mercantiletrade except river craft, estuarial craft, or craftwhich operate solely within harbor limits.merchant ship casualty report-A report bymessage, or other means, <strong>of</strong> a casualty to amerchant ship at sea or in port. Merchant shipcasualty reports are sent by the escort forcecomm<strong>and</strong>er or other appropriate authority tothe operational control authority in whose areathe casualty occurred.merchant ship communications system(*)-Aworldwide system <strong>of</strong> communications to <strong>and</strong>from merchant ships using the peacetime commercialorganization as a basis but under OperationalControl Authority, with the ability to235
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>employ the broadcast mode to ships when thesituation makes rtdio silence necessary.merchant ship control zone(*)-A defined area <strong>of</strong>sea or ocean inside which it may be necessaryto <strong>of</strong>fer guidance, control, <strong>and</strong> protection toallied shipping.merchant ship reporting <strong>and</strong> control messagesystem(*)-A worldwide message system forreponing the movements <strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> informationrelating to the control <strong>of</strong> merchant ships.mercomms system-See merchant ship communicationssystem.MEU(SOC)-See Marine expeditionary unit(special operations capable).MFC-See meteorological <strong>and</strong> oceanographicforecast center.MGM-13-See Mace.MGM-29A-See Sergeant.MGM-31A-See Pershing.MGM-51-See Shillelagh.MIA-See missing in action.merged-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Tracks MIB-See <strong>Military</strong> Intelligence Board.have come together."micr<strong>of</strong>orm(*)-A generic tenn for any foi,message-Any thought or idea expressed briefly in whether film, video tape, paper, or o ra plain or secret language <strong>and</strong> prepared in afonn suitable for transmission by any means <strong>of</strong>communication.medium, containing miniaturized or otberw ecompressed images which cannot be readwithout special display devices. f\,message center-See telecommunica~ons center.message (telecommunications)-Record informationexpressed in plain or encrypted language<strong>and</strong> prepared in a format specified for intendedtransmission by a telecommunications system.meteorological <strong>and</strong> oceanographic forecastcenter-Shore-based meteorological <strong>and</strong> oceanographicproduction activity. Also calledMFC.meteorological data-Meteorological facts pertainingto the attnosphere, such as wind, temperature,air density, <strong>and</strong> other phenomena whichaffect military operations.metrology-The science <strong>of</strong> measurement, includingthe development <strong>of</strong> measurement st<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>and</strong>systems for absolute <strong>and</strong> relative measurements.236midcourse guidance-The guidance applied to amissile between termination <strong>of</strong> the boost phase<strong>and</strong> the stan <strong>of</strong> the terminal phase <strong>of</strong> flight.See also guidance.midcourse phase-That ponion <strong>of</strong> the trajectory <strong>of</strong>a ballistic missile between the boost phase <strong>and</strong>the reentry phase. See also ballistic trajectory;boost phase; reentry phase; terminalphase.middleman-In air intercept, a code meaning,"Very high frequency or ultra-high frequencyradio relay equipment."midnight-In air intercept, a code meaning,"Changeover from close to broadcast control."militarily significant fallout-Radioactive contaminationcapable <strong>of</strong> inflicting radiation doses onpersonnel which may result in a reduction <strong>of</strong>their combat effectiveness. ~( \
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lMilltary AfiUiate Radio System-A programconducted by the Departments <strong>of</strong> the Army,Navy, <strong>and</strong> Air Force in which amateur radioswions <strong>and</strong> operators panicipate in <strong>and</strong> contributeto the mission <strong>of</strong> providing auxiliary<strong>and</strong> emergency communications on a local,national, or international basis as an adjunct tonormal military communications. Also called·MARS.mDitary assistance advisory group-A. jointService group, nonnally under the militaryconun<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> a conun<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> a unified comm<strong>and</strong><strong>and</strong> representing the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense,which primarily administers the USmilitary assistance planning <strong>and</strong> programmingin the host country. Also called MAAG.MDitary AssistaDc:e Articles <strong>and</strong> Services List-ADepanment <strong>of</strong> Defense publication listingsource, availability, aDd price <strong>of</strong> itelm <strong>and</strong>services for use by the unified comm<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong><strong>Military</strong> Depanmems in preparing militaryassistance plans <strong>and</strong> programs.MWtary Assistaace Program-That ponion <strong>of</strong> theUS security assistance authorized by the ForeignAssistance Act <strong>of</strong> 1961, u amended,which provides defeuse anicles IDd services torecipients on a nonreimbursable ·(JraD9 ~is.MDitary AssistaDc:e Program . TraiDiDg-Seebltenudional military ecbntion <strong>and</strong> traiDiDg.military capabWty-The ability to achieve aspecified wartime objective (win a war orbattle, destroy a wget set). It includes fourmajor components: force structure, modemization,readiness, <strong>and</strong> sustainability. a. forastruc:ture-Numbers, size, aDd composition <strong>of</strong>the units that comprise our Defense forces;e.g., divisions, ships, airwings. b. modenlizatioa-Teclmicalsophistication <strong>of</strong> forces,units, weapon systems, <strong>and</strong> equipmems. c.readiness-The ability <strong>of</strong> forces, units, weaponsystems, or equipments to deliver the outputsfor which they were designed (includes theability to deploy aDd employ without unacceptabledelays). cL sustaiDabWty-The ability tomaintain the necessary level <strong>and</strong> duration <strong>of</strong>operational activity to achieve military objectives.Sustainability is a function <strong>of</strong> providingfor aod maintaining those levels <strong>of</strong> ready. forces, materiel, <strong>and</strong> consumables necessary tosupport military effort.military ceasorsbip-All types <strong>of</strong> censorshipconducted by personnel <strong>of</strong> the Anned Forces <strong>of</strong>the United Swes, to include anned forcescensorship, civil_ censorship, prisoner <strong>of</strong> warcensorship, <strong>and</strong> field press censorship. Seealso ceasorsbip.military characteristics-Those characteristics <strong>of</strong>equipment upon which depends its ability toperform desired military functions. <strong>Military</strong>cbaracleristics include .Physical <strong>and</strong> operationalcbaracteristics but not technical characteristics.military dnc adiou-Tbe use <strong>of</strong> preponderantlyindigenous military forces on projects useful tothe local population at all levels in such fieldsas education, training, public works, agriculture,traDspOnation, communications, health,Slllitation, aDd others contributing to economicIDd social development, which would alsoserve to improve the suuvting <strong>of</strong> the militaryforces with the population. (US forces may attimes advise or engage in military civic actionsin overseas areas.)military coavoy(*)-A 1aDd or maritime convoytlw is controlled <strong>and</strong> reported as a militaryunit. A maritime convoy can consist <strong>of</strong> anycombination <strong>of</strong> merchant ships, auxiliaries, orother military units.military curreacy(*)-Currency prepared by apower <strong>and</strong> declared by its military comm<strong>and</strong>erto be legal tender for use by civilian <strong>and</strong>/ormilitary personnel as prescribed in the areas237
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>occupied by its forces. It should be <strong>of</strong> distinctivedesign to distinguish it from the <strong>of</strong>ficialcurrency <strong>of</strong> the countries concemed, but maybe denominated in the monetary unit <strong>of</strong> either.mWtary damage assessmeat-An appraisal <strong>of</strong> theeffects <strong>of</strong> an attack on a nation's military forcesto determine residual military capability aDd tosuppon planning for recovery aDd reconstitution.See also damage assessmeat.mWtary deceptloa-Actions executed to misleadforeign decisionmakers, cauSing them to derive<strong>and</strong> accept desired appreciations <strong>of</strong> militarycapabilities, intentions, operations, or otheractivities that evoke foreign actions that ccmaibuteto the originator's objectives. There arethree categories <strong>of</strong> military deception: a.ltratelic mDltary decepdoa-<strong>Military</strong> deceptionplanned <strong>and</strong> executed to result in foreignnational policies <strong>and</strong> actiom which suppon tbeoriginator's. national objectives, policies, 8Ddstrategic military plaus. b. tadlc:al militarydeception-<strong>Military</strong> deception planned 8Ddexecuted by <strong>and</strong> in suppon <strong>of</strong> operationalcomm<strong>and</strong>ers against the pertiDeDt threat toresult in opposillg operational actions favorableto the originator's plaus <strong>and</strong> operations. c.DepartmeDt/Serriee mllltarydec:eptioa-<strong>Military</strong>deception planned <strong>and</strong> executed by ~tary Services about military systems, dOctrille,tactics, teclmiques, persoDDel or service operations,or other activities to result iD foreignactions which increase or maintain the originator'scapabilities relative to adversaries. Seealso deceptioD.<strong>Military</strong> Departmeat-One <strong>of</strong> the departmentswithin the Department <strong>of</strong> Defense created bythe National Security Act <strong>of</strong> 1947, as amended.See also Department <strong>of</strong> tbe Army; Departmeat<strong>of</strong> the Navy; Departmeat <strong>of</strong> the AirForce.military designed vebide-A vehicle havingmilitary characteristics resultini from militaryresearch <strong>and</strong> developmeut processes, designedprimarily for use by forces in the field in directcoDDeCtion with, or suppon <strong>of</strong>, combat ortactical operationS.military educatiOD-The systematic instruction <strong>of</strong>iDdividuals in subjects which will enhance theirknowledge <strong>of</strong> the science <strong>and</strong> art <strong>of</strong> war. Seealso military traiJdaa.mDJtary pograpbic dOCUIIleldatioD-<strong>Military</strong>geographic information which bas been evaluated,processed, summarized, <strong>and</strong> published.military pograpbic laformatioD-Comprises theinformation conceming physical aspects, resources,<strong>and</strong> anificial features which is necessaryfor planning <strong>and</strong> operations.military aeop'apby-The specialized field <strong>of</strong>geography dealing with natural <strong>and</strong> manmadephysical features tbal may affect the planningaDd CODduct <strong>of</strong> mililary operations.mDftary 10VermDeat-8ee dvil all'airs.military penlllltllt onlilumce-An enacauem ontbe authority <strong>of</strong> a military governor promulgatinglaws or rules regu1atiDg ·the occupied territoryUDder such control.military pemor(*)-The military COIDil1IDder " orotber desipated person who, in an occupiedterritory, exercises supreme authority over thecivil population subject to the laws <strong>and</strong> usages<strong>of</strong> war <strong>and</strong> to any directive received from theC01D1111Dder's goverJII'Dellt or superior.military pid
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong><strong>of</strong> direction <strong>and</strong> df~tance to other points. Seealso military grid~ference system.military grid reference system(*)-A systemwhich uses a st<strong>and</strong>ard-scaled grid square, basedon a point <strong>of</strong> origin on a map projection <strong>of</strong> thesurface <strong>of</strong> the Earth in an accurate <strong>and</strong> consistentmanner to permit either position referencingor the computation <strong>of</strong> direction <strong>and</strong> distancebetween grid positions. See a]so milit~ grid.military independent(*)-A merchant ship orauxiliary sailed singly but controlled <strong>and</strong> reportedas a military unit. See also independent.military intelligence-Intelligence on any foreignmilitary or military-related situation or activitywhich is significant to military policy-makingor the planning <strong>and</strong> conduct <strong>of</strong> military operations<strong>and</strong> activities.<strong>Military</strong> Intelligence Board-A decisionmakingforum which formulates Defense intelligencepolicy <strong>and</strong> programming priorities. The <strong>Military</strong>Intelligence Board, chaired by the Director,Defense Intelligence Agency, who isdual-hatted as Director <strong>of</strong> <strong>Military</strong> Intelligence,consists <strong>of</strong> senior military <strong>and</strong> civilian intelligence<strong>of</strong>ficials <strong>of</strong> each Service, US CoastGuard, each combat support agency, the <strong>Joint</strong>Staff/J-2/J-6, Deputy Assistant Secretary <strong>of</strong>Defense (Intelligence), Intelligence ProgramSupport Group, National <strong>Military</strong> IntelligenceProduction Center, National <strong>Military</strong> IntelligenceCollection- Center, National <strong>Military</strong>Intelligence SuppOrt Center, <strong>and</strong> the combatantcomm<strong>and</strong> J-2s. Also called MIB.military intervention-The deliberate act <strong>of</strong> anation or a group <strong>of</strong> nations to introduce itsmilitary forces into· the course <strong>of</strong> an existingcontroversy.military l<strong>and</strong> transportation resources-Allmilitary-owned transportation resources, desig-nated for common-user, over the ground,point-to-point use.military load classification(*)-A st<strong>and</strong>ard systemin which a route, bridge, or raft is assignedclass number(s) representing the load it cancarry. Vehicles are also assigned number(s)indi~ting the minimum class <strong>of</strong> route, bridge,or raft they are authorized to use. See alsoroute classification.military necessity(*)-The principle whereby abelligerent has the right to apply any measureswhich are required to bring about the successfulconclusion c;>f a military operation <strong>and</strong>which are not forbidden by the laws <strong>of</strong> war.military nuclear power(*)-A nation which hasnuclear weapons <strong>and</strong> the capability for thliremployment. See also nuclear power. -military objectives-The derived set <strong>of</strong> militaryactions to be taken to implement NationalConun<strong>and</strong> Authorities guidance in support <strong>of</strong>national objectives. Defmes the results to beachieved by the military <strong>and</strong> assigns tasks toconun<strong>and</strong>ers. See also national objectives.military occupation-A condition in which territoryis under the effective control <strong>of</strong> a foreignarmed force. See also occupied territory;phases <strong>of</strong> military government.military options-A range <strong>of</strong> military force responsesthat can be projected to accomplish -assigned tasks. Options include one or acombination <strong>of</strong> the following: civic action,humanitarian assistance, civil affairs, <strong>and</strong> othermilitary activities to develop positive relationshipswith other countries; confidence building<strong>and</strong> other measures to reduce military tensions;military presence; activities to convey threats toadversaries <strong>and</strong> truth projections; militarydeceptions <strong>and</strong> psychological operations; quarantines,blockades, <strong>and</strong> harassment operations;raids; intervention campaigns; armed conflict239
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>involving air, kind, manume, <strong>and</strong> strategicwarfare campaigas <strong>and</strong> operations; support forlaw enforcement authorities to counter internationalcriminal activities (terrorism, narcoticstrafficking, slavery, <strong>and</strong> piracy); support forlaw enforcement authorities to suppress domesticrebellion; <strong>and</strong> support for insurgencies,counterinsurgency, <strong>and</strong> civil war in foreign. countries.military platfonn-A side-loading platform generallyat least 300 meters/1000 feet long formilitary trains.military posture-The military disposition,strength, <strong>and</strong> condition <strong>of</strong> readiness as it affectscapabilities.military projection operations-See l<strong>and</strong>, sea, oraerospace projection operations.military requirement(*)-An established· needjustifying the timely allocation <strong>of</strong> resources toachieve a capability to accomplish approvedmilitary objectives, missions, or tasks. Seealso objective force level.military resources-<strong>Military</strong> <strong>and</strong> civilian personnel.facilities, equipment, <strong>and</strong> supplies underthe control <strong>of</strong> a <strong>DOD</strong> component.<strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>-The US TransportationComm<strong>and</strong>'s component comm<strong>and</strong> responsiblefor designated sealift service. Also calledMSC. See also transportation componentcomm<strong>and</strong>. ~ ·<strong>Military</strong> Service-A branch <strong>of</strong> the Armed Forces<strong>of</strong> the United States, established by act <strong>of</strong>Congress, in which persons are appointed,enlisted, or inducted for military service, <strong>and</strong>which operates <strong>and</strong> is administered within amilitary or executive department. The <strong>Military</strong>Services are: the United States Army, theUnited States Navy, the United States AirForce, the United States Marine Corps, <strong>and</strong> theUnited States Coast Guard.military st<strong>and</strong>ard requisitioning <strong>and</strong> issue procedure-Auniform procedure established bythe Department <strong>of</strong> Defense for use within theDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense to govern requisition<strong>and</strong> issue <strong>of</strong> materiel within st<strong>and</strong>ardized priorities.Also called MILSTRIP •military st<strong>and</strong>ard transportation <strong>and</strong> movementprocedures-Uniform <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ard transportationdata, documentation, <strong>and</strong> control proceduresapplicable to all cargo movements in theDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense transportation system.Also called MILST AMP.tmilitary strategy-The art <strong>and</strong> science <strong>of</strong> emplqyingthe armed forces <strong>of</strong> a nation to secureobjectives <strong>of</strong> national policy by the applicat · n<strong>of</strong> force or the threat <strong>of</strong> force. See also stragy.(\military symboi(*)-A graphic sign used, usuallyon map, display or diagram, to represent aparticular military unit, installation, activity, or .other item <strong>of</strong> military interest.military traffic-Department <strong>of</strong> Defense personnel,mail, <strong>and</strong> cargo to be, or being, transported.<strong>Military</strong> Traffic Management Comm<strong>and</strong>-TheUS Transportation Comm<strong>and</strong>'s componentcomm<strong>and</strong> responsible for military traffic,continental United States air <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> transpor'tation, <strong>and</strong> common-user water terminals. Alsocalled MTMC. See also transportation componentcomm<strong>and</strong>.military training-The instruction <strong>of</strong> personnel toenhance their capacity to perform specificmilitary functions <strong>and</strong> tasks; the exercise <strong>of</strong> oneor more military units conducted to enhancetheir · combat· readiness. See also militaryeducation..f"'\240
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lMIL V AN-<strong>Military</strong>-owneddemountablecontainer.conforming to United States <strong>and</strong> internationalst<strong>and</strong>ards. operated in a centrally controlledfleet for movement <strong>of</strong> military cargo.MIL VAN c:bpssjs-The compatible chassis towhich the MIL VAN is attached by coupling thelower four st<strong>and</strong>ard comer fittings <strong>of</strong> ~container to compatible mounting blocks in thechassis to permit road movement.MIM-23-See Hawk.MIM-72-See Chaparral.miDe(•)-1. In l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare, an explosive orother material, normally encased, designed todestroy or damage ground vehicles, boats, oraircraft, or designed to woUDd, kill, or otherwiseiDCapaCiwe persozmel. It may be detonatedby the action <strong>of</strong> its victim, by the passage <strong>of</strong>time, or by controlled meaDS. 2. In navalmille warfare, an explosive"llevice laid in thewater with the intention <strong>of</strong> damaging or sinkingships or <strong>of</strong> cleterrina shipping from entering anarea. The term does not include devices attacbedto the bouoms <strong>of</strong> ships or t() harboriDstallatiODS by·persozmel operating underwater IDOr does it include devices which explodeiJ11lllediarety on expiration <strong>of</strong> a predelerminedtime after laying.mineable waters(•)-Waters where naval mines <strong>of</strong>any given type may be effective against anygiven target.mille d~)-The process <strong>of</strong> removing allmines from a route or area.mille coUDtermeasures-All methods for preventingor reducing damage or danger from mines.mined area(•)-An area declared dangerous due tothe presence or suspected presence <strong>of</strong> mines.. . . --:- · .. - ...... _.,·.,.."" · ..•. ~ .. -miDe defense(•)-The defense <strong>of</strong> a position, area,etc., by l<strong>and</strong> or underwater mines. A minedefense system includes the personnel <strong>and</strong>equipment needed to plant, operate. maintain,<strong>and</strong> protect the minefields that are laid.mine disposal(•)-The operation by suitably qualifiedpersonnel designed to render safe, neutralize,~ver, remove, or destroy mines.minefield
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>miDehlllltiDc-Employment <strong>of</strong> sensor <strong>and</strong> neutralizationsystems, whether air, surface, or subsurface,to locate <strong>and</strong> dispose <strong>of</strong> individualmines. Minehunting is conducted to eliminatemines in a known field when sweeping is notfeasible or desirable, or to verify the presenceor absence <strong>of</strong> mines in a given area. See alsomiDesweepiaa.mine row(*)-A single row <strong>of</strong> mines or clusters.See also mine strip.mine spottiag(*)-ln naval mine warfare, theprocess <strong>of</strong> visually observing a mine or minefield.mine strip(*)-ln l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare, two parallelmine rows laid simultaneously six meters or sixpaces apan. See also mille row.millesweepillg-The technique <strong>of</strong> cleariDg minesusing either mechanical, explosive, or influencesweep equipment. Mecbanical sweeping removes,dis~, or otherwise neutralizes themiDe; explosive sweeping causes sympatheticdetonations in, damages, or displaces the mine;aDd influence sweeping produces either theacoustic <strong>and</strong>/or magnetic influeuce required todetonate the mille. See also miDehuatiD&.pdDe warfare-The strategic, operational, aDdtactical use <strong>of</strong> mines 8Dd mine countermeasures.Mine warfare is divided imo two buicsubdivisions: the layina <strong>of</strong> mines to degrade theenemy's capabilities to wage laud, air, IDdmaritime warfare; aDd the c:ounteriDa <strong>of</strong> enemy-laidmines to permit frieodly maneuver oruse <strong>of</strong> selected laDd or sea areas.mine warfare chart(*)-A special naval chart, ata scale <strong>of</strong> l:SO,OOO or larger (preferably1:25,000 or larger) designed for planning <strong>and</strong>executing mine warfare operations, either basedon an existing st<strong>and</strong>ard nautical chart, or producedto special specificatio~.mine warfare forces (oaval)-Navy forcescharged with the strategic,· operational, <strong>and</strong>tactical use <strong>of</strong> naval mines <strong>and</strong> their countermeasures.Such forces are capable <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fensive<strong>and</strong> defensive measures in connection withlaying <strong>and</strong> clearing mines.mine warfare group(*)-A task organization <strong>of</strong>mine· warfare units for the conduct <strong>of</strong> minelaying<strong>and</strong>/or mine countermeasures in maritimeoperations.miDewatching(*)-ln naval mine warfare, the minecountermeasures procedure to detect, record,<strong>and</strong>, if possible, _track potential minelayers <strong>and</strong>to detect, find the position <strong>of</strong>, <strong>and</strong>/or identifymines during the actual minelaying.mine weapoDS(*)-The collective term for allweapons which may be used in mine warfare.minfmize..A condition wherein normal messageIDd telephone traffic is drastically reduced in. order that messages connected with an actual orsimulated emergency shall not be delayed.minimma ain:raft operatblg surface(*)-Theminimum surface on an airfield whicb is essentialfor the movement <strong>of</strong> aircraft. It includesthe aircraft dispersal areas, the minimumoperating strip, <strong>and</strong> the taxiways between them.See also mjnfmma operatiag strip.minfmmD-altitude bombiag-Horizontal or glidebombing with the height <strong>of</strong> release under 900feet. It includes masthead bombing, which issometimes erroneously referred to as •skipbombing.• See also skip bombillg.minimum attack altitude-The lowest altitudedetermined by the tactical use <strong>of</strong> weapons,terrain consideration, · <strong>and</strong> weapons effectswhich permits the safe conduct <strong>of</strong> an air attack<strong>and</strong>/or minimizes effective enemy counteraction.242.
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>minimum crossing altitude-The lowest altitude atcertain radio fixes· at which an aircraft must#'( /cross when proceeding in the direction <strong>of</strong> ahigher minimum· en route instrument flightrules altitude.minimum descent altitude(*)-The lowest altitudeto which descent shall be authorized in proceduresnot using a glide slope, until the requiredvisual reference has been established. See alsominimum descent height.minimum descent height(*)-The lowest height towhich descent shall be authorized in proceduresnot using a glide slope, until the required visualreference has been established. See also miDimumdescent altitude.minimum essential equipment-That part <strong>of</strong>authorized allowances <strong>of</strong> Army equipment,clothing, <strong>and</strong> supplies needed to preserve theintegrity <strong>of</strong> a unit during movement withoutregard to the performance <strong>of</strong> its combat orservice mission. Items common within thiscategory will normally be carried by or accompanytroops to the port <strong>and</strong> will be placedaboard the same ships with the troops. Asused in movement directives, minimum essentialequipment refers to specific items <strong>of</strong> bothorganizational <strong>and</strong> individual clothing <strong>and</strong>. equipment.minimum normal burst altitude-The altitudeabove terrain below which air defense nuclearwarheads are not normally detonated.minimum nuclear safe distance(*)-The sum <strong>of</strong>the radius <strong>of</strong> safety <strong>and</strong> the buffer distance.minimum nuclear warning time(*)-The sum <strong>of</strong>system reaction time <strong>and</strong> personnel reactiontime.minimum obstruction clearance altitude-Thespecified altitude in effect between radio ftxeson very high frequency omnirange airways,<strong>of</strong>f-airway routes, or route segments, whichmeets obstruction clearance requirements forthe entire route segment, <strong>and</strong> that assuresacceptable navigational signal coverage onlywithin 22 miles <strong>of</strong> a very high frequencyomnirange.minimum operating strip(*)-A runway whichmeets the minimum requirements for operatingassigned <strong>and</strong>/or allocated aircraft types on aparticular airfield at maximum or combat grossweight. See also minimum aircraft operatingsurface.minimum range-1. Least range setting <strong>of</strong> a gunat which the projectile will clear an obstacle orfriendly troops between the gun <strong>and</strong> the target.2. Shortest distance to which a gun can frrefrom a given position. ~minimum reception altitude-The lowest altitu erequired to receive adequate signals to det -mine specific very high frequency omnirange/tacticalair navigation ftxes.minimum residual radioactivity weapon(*)-Anuclear weapon designed to have optimumreduction <strong>of</strong> unwanted effects from fallout,rainout, <strong>and</strong> burst site radioactivity. See alsosalted weapon •minimum-risk level-A specific altitude or altitude. block that allows homebound aircraft to returnin a homebound direction without lateral restrictions.Also called MRL.minimum-risk route-A temporary corridor <strong>of</strong>defined dimensions recommended for use byhigh-speed, fixed-wing aircraft that presents theminimum known hazards to low-flying aircrafttransiting the combat zone. Also called MRR.minimum safe altitude(*)-The altitude belowwhich it is hazardous to fly owing to presence<strong>of</strong> high ground or other obstacles.243
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>... .minor control-See· p~otogrammetric control.minor iDstal.lation-In the Air Force, a facilityoperated by an active, reserve, or Guard unit<strong>of</strong> at least squadron size that does not otherwisesatisfy all the criteria for a major installation.This category includes Air Force stations; airstations; Air Reserve stations; <strong>and</strong> Air Guardstations. Examples <strong>of</strong> minor installations areactive, reserve, or Guard flying operations thatare located at civilian-owned airports. See alsoiDstallation complex; major installation;other activity; support site.minor port(*)-A port having facilities for thedischarge <strong>of</strong> cargo from coasters or lightersonly. See also port.Minuteman-A three-stage, solid propellant,ballistic missile which is guided to its target byan all-inenial guidance <strong>and</strong> control system.The missiles are equipped with nuclear warheads<strong>and</strong> designed for deployment in hardened<strong>and</strong> dispersed underground silos. With theimproved third stage <strong>and</strong> the post-boost vehicle,the Minuteman m missile can delivermultiple independently targetable reentry vehicles<strong>and</strong> their penetration aids to multipletargets. Designated as LGM-30.misrD"e(*)-1. Failure to fire or explode properly.2. Failure <strong>of</strong> a primer or the propelling charge<strong>of</strong> a round or projectile to function wholly or inpan.-MISREP-See <strong>Joint</strong>- Tactical Air RecoDD&issance/SurveillanceMission Report.missed approach(*)-An approach which is notcompleted by l<strong>and</strong>ing.missed approach procedure(*)-The proceduresto be followed if, after an instrument approach,a l<strong>and</strong>ing is not effected <strong>and</strong> occurring normally:a. when the aircraft has descended to thedecision height/altitude <strong>and</strong> has not establishedvisual contact; or b. when directed by airtraffic control to pull up or to go around again.missile assembly-checkout facility-A building,van, or other type structure located near theoperational missile launching location <strong>and</strong>des.igned for the final assembly <strong>and</strong> checkout <strong>of</strong>the missile system.missile control system(*)-A system that serves tomaintain attitude stability <strong>and</strong> to correct deflections.See also missile guidance system.missile destmc:t(*)-lntentional destruction <strong>of</strong> amissile or similar vehicle for safety or otherreasons.missile destruct system(*)-A system which,*noperated by external comm<strong>and</strong> or preset int rnal means, destroys the missile or s · ·vehicle.missile engagement zone-(NATO) See weapon ,{\engagement zone.missile guidance system(*)-A system whichevaluates flight information, correlates it withtarget data, detennines the desired flight path<strong>of</strong> a missile, <strong>and</strong> communicates the necessarycomm<strong>and</strong>s to the missile flight .. control system.See also missile control system.missile intercept zone-That geographical division<strong>of</strong> the destruction area where surface-to-airmissiles have primary responsibility for destruction<strong>of</strong> airborne objects. See also destructionarea.missile monitor-A mobile, electronic, air defensefire-distribution system for use at Army air.defense group, battalion, <strong>and</strong> battery levels. Itemploys digital data to exchange informationwithin the system <strong>and</strong> provides means for theArmy air defense comm<strong>and</strong>er to monitor actions<strong>of</strong> the units <strong>and</strong> take corrective actionwhen necessary. It automatically exchanges f\244
..infonnation witli·. adjacent missile monitorsystems when ccmnected with them by datalinks.missile release line-The line at which an attackingaircraft could launch an air-to-surfacemissile against a specific wget.missing-A casualty status for which the UnitedStates Code provides statutory guidance concerningmissing members <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Military</strong> Services.Excluded are personnel who are in anabsent without leave, deserter, or droppedfrom-rollsstatus. A person declared missing iscategorized as follows: a. beleaguered-Thecasualty is a member <strong>of</strong> an organized elementthat has been surrounded by a hostile force toprevent escape <strong>of</strong> its members. b. besiegedThe casualty is a member <strong>of</strong> an organizedelement that has been surrounded by a hostileforce for compelling it to surrender. c. captured-Thecasualty has been seized as theresult <strong>of</strong> action <strong>of</strong> an unfriendly military orparamilitary force in a foreign country. d.detained-The casualty is prevented from proceedingor is restrained in custody for allegedviolation <strong>of</strong> international law or other reasonclaimed by the government or group underwhich the person is being held. e. internedThe casualty is defmitely known to have beentaken into custody <strong>of</strong> a nonbelligerent foreignpower as the result <strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> for reasons arisingout <strong>of</strong> any armed conflict in which the ArmedForces <strong>of</strong> the United States are engaged. f.missing-The casualty is not present at his orher duty location· due to apparent involuntaryreasons <strong>and</strong> whose location is unknown. g.missing in action-The casualty is a hostilecasualty, other than the victim <strong>of</strong> a terroristactivity, who is not present at his or her dutylocation due to apparent involuntary reasons<strong>and</strong> whose location is unknown. Also calledMIA. See also casualty category; casualtystatus.missing in action-See missing.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>mission-1. The task, together with the purpose,that clearly indicates the action to be taken <strong>and</strong>the reason therefor. 2. In common usage,especially when applied to lower military units,a duty assigned to an individual or unit; a task.3. The dispatching <strong>of</strong> one or more aircraft toaccomplish one particular task.mission capable-Material condition <strong>of</strong> an aircraftindicating it can perform at least one <strong>and</strong>potentially all <strong>of</strong> its designated missions.Mission capable is further defined as the sum<strong>of</strong> full mission capable <strong>and</strong> partial missioncapable. Also called MC. See also full missioncapable; partial mission capable; partialmission capable, maintenance; partial missioncapable, supply.tmission cycle-The mission cycle, as it perta?ttotargeting, is a decisionmaking process used yconun<strong>and</strong>ers to employ forces. Within ecycle there are six general IDlSSIOn steps:detection, location, identification, decision,execution, <strong>and</strong> assessment.mission~ materiel-1. That materielwhich is authorized <strong>and</strong> available to combat,combat support, combat service support, <strong>and</strong>combat readiness training forces to accomplishtheir assigned missioll$. 2. For the purpose <strong>of</strong>sizing organic industrial facilities, that Servicedesignatedmateriel authorized to combat,combat support, combat service support, <strong>and</strong>combat readiness training forces <strong>and</strong> activities,including Reserve <strong>and</strong> National Guard activities,which is required to support approvedemergency <strong>and</strong>/or war plans, <strong>and</strong> where themateriel is used to: a. destroy the enemy orhis capacity to continue war; b. provide battlefieldprotection <strong>of</strong> personnel; c. communicateunder war conditions; d. detect, locate, or·maintain surveillance over the enemy; e.provide combat transportation <strong>and</strong> support <strong>of</strong>men <strong>and</strong> materiel; <strong>and</strong> f. support trainingfunctions, but is suitable for employment under245
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>.emergency plans t~. meet purposes enumeratedabove.mission-oriented items-Items for which ·requirementscomputations are based upon the assessment<strong>of</strong> enemy capabilities expressed as aknown or estimated quantity <strong>of</strong> total targets tobe destroyed. See also combination mission/level-<strong>of</strong>-effort-orienteditems; level-<strong>of</strong>effort-orienteditems. ·mission report(*)-A st<strong>and</strong>ard report containingthe results <strong>of</strong> a mission <strong>and</strong> significant sightingsalong the flight route.mission review report (photographic interpretation)-Anintelligence report containing informationon all targets covered by one photographicsortie.mission type order-1. Order issued to a lowerunit that includes the accomplishment <strong>of</strong> thetotal mission assigned to the higher headquarters.2. Order to a unit to perfonn a missionwithout specifying how it is to be accomplished.mixed(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire support, aspotting, or an observation, by a spotter or anobserver to indicate that the rounds fired result- ·ed in an equal number <strong>of</strong> air <strong>and</strong> impact bursts.mixed air(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire support,a spotting, or an observation, by a spotteror an observer to.indicate that the rounds firedresulted in both air <strong>and</strong> impact bursts with amajority <strong>of</strong> the bursts being airbursts.mixed bag(*)-In naval mine warfare, a collection<strong>of</strong> mines <strong>of</strong> various types, firing systems,sensitivities, anning delays <strong>and</strong> ship countersettings.mixed graze(*)-In artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire .support, a spotting, or an observation, by aspotter or an observer to indicate that therounds fired resulted in both air <strong>and</strong> impactbursts with a majority <strong>of</strong> the bursts beingimpact bursts.mixed minefield(*)-A minefield containing bothantitank <strong>and</strong> antipersonnel mines. See alsominefield.mixup, caution-In air intercept, a tenn meaningmixture <strong>of</strong> friendly <strong>and</strong> hostile aircraft.MOB-See main operations base.mobile defense-Defense <strong>of</strong> an area or position inwhich maneuver is used with organization <strong>of</strong>fire <strong>and</strong> utilization <strong>of</strong> terrain to seize the initiativefrom the enemy.tmobile mine(*)-In naval mine warfare, a mi,Ldesigned to be propelled to its proposed layi~position by propulsion equipment like a torpedo.It sinks at the end . <strong>of</strong> its run <strong>and</strong> thenoperates like a mine. See also mine.mobile support group (oaval)-Provides logisticsupport to ships at an anchorage; in effect, anaval base afloat although certain <strong>of</strong> its supportingelements may be located ashore.mobile training team-A team consisting <strong>of</strong> oneor more US military or civilian personnel senton temporary duty, <strong>of</strong>ten to a foreign nation, togive instruction. The mission <strong>of</strong> the team is totrain indigenous personnel to operate, maintain,<strong>and</strong> employ weapons <strong>and</strong> support systems, orto develop a self-training capability in a particularskill. The National Conun<strong>and</strong> Authoritiesmay direct a team to train either military orcivilian indigenous personnel, depending uponhost nation requests. Also called M'IT.mobility(*)-A . quality or capability <strong>of</strong> militaryforces which pennits them to move from placeto place while retaining the ability to fulfilltheir primary mission.246
..mobility aualysis-An in-depth examination <strong>of</strong> allaspects <strong>of</strong> transpCJrtation planning in suppon <strong>of</strong>operation plan . <strong>and</strong> operation order development.mobility echelon-A subordinate element <strong>of</strong> a unitthat is scheduled for deployment separatelyfrom the parent unit.mobility system support resources-Those resourcesthat are required to: a. complementthe airlift <strong>and</strong> sealift forces, <strong>and</strong>/or b. performthose work functions directly related to theorigination, processing, or termination <strong>of</strong> amovement requirement.mobilization-!. The act <strong>of</strong> assembling <strong>and</strong>organizing national resources to suppon nationalobjectives in time <strong>of</strong> war or other emergencies.See also industrial mobilization. 2.The process by which the Armed Forces orpan <strong>of</strong> them are brought to a state <strong>of</strong> readinessfor war or other national emergency. Thisincludes activating all or pan <strong>of</strong> the Reservecomponents as well as assembling <strong>and</strong> organizingpersonnel, supplies, <strong>and</strong> materiel. Mobilization<strong>of</strong> the Armed Forces includes but is notlimited to the following categories: a. selectivemobilization-Expansion <strong>of</strong> the active ArmedForces resulting from action by Congress<strong>and</strong>/or the President to mobilize Reserve componentunits, individual ready reservists, <strong>and</strong>the resources needed for their suppon to meetthe requirements <strong>of</strong> a domestic emergency thatis not the result <strong>of</strong> an enemy attack. b. partialmobilizatio!l-Expansion <strong>of</strong> the activeAnned Forces resulting from action by Congress(up to full mobilization) or by the President(not more than 1 ,000,000) to mobilizeReady Reserve component units, individualreservists, <strong>and</strong> the resources needed for theirsupport to meet the requirements <strong>of</strong> a war orother national emergency involving an externalthreat to the national security. c. full mobilization-Expansion<strong>of</strong> the -active Armed Forcesresulting from action by Congress <strong>and</strong> the<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>President to mobilize all Reserve componentunits in the existing approved force structure,all individual reservists, retired military personnel,<strong>and</strong> the resources needed for their supponto meet the requirements <strong>of</strong> a war or othernational emergency involving an external threatto the national security. d. total mobilization-Expansion<strong>of</strong> the active Armed Forcesresulting from action by Congress <strong>and</strong> thePresident to organize <strong>and</strong>/or generate additionalunits or personnel, beyond the existing forcestructure, <strong>and</strong> the . resources needed for theirsupport, to meet the total requirements <strong>of</strong> a waror other national emergency involving anexternal threat to the national security.mobilization base-The total <strong>of</strong> all resourcesavailable, or which can be made availablet tomeet foreseeable wanime needs. Such reso~cesinclude the manpower <strong>and</strong> material resou es<strong>and</strong> services required for the suppon <strong>of</strong> es ntial military, civilian, <strong>and</strong> survival activities, aswell as the elements affecting their state <strong>of</strong>readiness, such as (but not limited to) thefollowing: manning levels, state <strong>of</strong> training,modernization <strong>of</strong> equipment, mobilizationmateriel reserves <strong>and</strong> facilities, continuity <strong>of</strong>government, civil defense plans <strong>and</strong> preparednessmeasures, psychological preparedness <strong>of</strong>the people, international agreements, planningwith industry, dispersion, <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>by legislation<strong>and</strong> controls.mobilization exercise-An exercise involving,either completely or in pan, the implementation<strong>of</strong> mobilization plans.mobilization reserves-Not to be used. See warreserves.mock-up(*)-A model, built to scale, <strong>of</strong> a machine,apparatus, or weapon, used in studyingthe construction <strong>of</strong>, <strong>and</strong> in testing a new development,or in teaching personnel how to operatethe acrual machine, apparatus, or weapon.247
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>..mode (identificatio~totfriend or foe)-The numberor letter referring "io the specific pulse spacing<strong>of</strong> the signals transmitted by an interrogator.mode <strong>of</strong> transport-The various modes used for amovement. For each mode, there are severalmeans <strong>of</strong> transport. They are: a. inl<strong>and</strong>. surface transportation (rail, road, <strong>and</strong> inl<strong>and</strong>waterway); b. sea transport (coastal <strong>and</strong>ocean); c. air transportation; <strong>and</strong> d. pipelines.moderate damage-See nuclear damage (l<strong>and</strong>warfare).moderate risk (nuclear)-A degree <strong>of</strong> risk whereanticipated effects are tolerable, or at worst aminor nuisance. See also degree <strong>of</strong> risk;emergency risk (nuclear); negligible risk(nuclear).modernization-See military capability.modification center-An installation consisting <strong>of</strong>an airfield <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> facilities for modifyingst<strong>and</strong>ard production aircraft to meet certainrequirements which were not anticipated at thetime <strong>of</strong> manufacture.modify(*)-In artillery, an order by the personauthorized to make modifications to a fire plan.moment(*)-ln air transport, the weight <strong>of</strong> a loadmultiplied by its distance from a referencepoint in the aircraft.-monitoring(*)-!. The act <strong>of</strong> listening, carryingout surveillance on, <strong>and</strong>/or recording the emissions<strong>of</strong> one's own or allied forces for thepurposes <strong>of</strong> maintaining <strong>and</strong> improving proceduralst<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>and</strong> security, or for reference,as applicable. 2. The act <strong>of</strong> listening, carryingout surveillance on, <strong>and</strong>/or recording <strong>of</strong> enemyemissions for intelligence purposes. 3. Theact <strong>of</strong> detecting the presence <strong>of</strong> radiation <strong>and</strong>the measurement there<strong>of</strong> with radiation measur-ing instruments.monitoring.Also called radiologicalmonitoring service-The general surveillance <strong>of</strong>known air traffic movements by reference to aradar scope presentation or other means, forthe purpose <strong>of</strong> passing advisory informationconcerning conflicting traffic or providingnavigational assistance. Direct supervision orcontrol is not exercised, nor is positive separationprovided.moored mine(*)-A contact or influence-operatedmine <strong>of</strong> positive buoyancy held below thesurface by a mooring attached to a sinker oranchor on the bottom. See also mine.mopping up(*)-The liquidation <strong>of</strong> remnants ~fenemy resistance in an area that has be nsurrounded or isolated, or through which oth runits have passed without eliminating all activeresistance.mortar-A muzzle-loading, indirect fire weaponwith either a rifled or smooth bore. It usuallyhas a shorter range than a howitzer, employs ahigher angle <strong>of</strong> fire, <strong>and</strong> has a tube, length <strong>of</strong>10 to 20 calibers. See also gun; howitzer.mosaic(*)-An assembly <strong>of</strong> overlapping photographsthat have been matched to form a continuousphotographic representation <strong>of</strong> a portion<strong>of</strong> the surface <strong>of</strong> the Earth. See also controlledmosaic; semicontrolled mosaic; uncontrolledmosaic.motorized unit(*)-A unit equipped with completemotor transportation that enables all <strong>of</strong> ·itspersonnel, weapons, <strong>and</strong> equipment to bemoved at the same time without assistance fromother sources.{'\,mounting(*)-!. All preparations made in areasdesignated for the purpose, in anticipation <strong>of</strong> anoperation. It includes the assembly in themounting area, preparation <strong>and</strong> maintenance ~:248
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>within the mounting area, movement to loadingpoints, <strong>and</strong> subsequent embarkation into ships,craft, or aircraft··if applicable. 2. A carriageor st<strong>and</strong> upon which a weapon is placed.mounting area-A general locality where assignedforces <strong>of</strong> an amphibious or airborne operation,with their equipment, are assembled, prepared,<strong>and</strong> loaded in shipping <strong>and</strong>/or aircraft preparatoryto an assault. See also embarkation area.movement control-The planning, routing, scheduling,<strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> personnel <strong>and</strong> cargomovements over lines <strong>of</strong> communications; alsoan organization responsible for these functions.See also non-unit-related cargo; non-unit-relatedpersonnel.movement control post(*)-The post throughwhich the control <strong>of</strong> movement is exercised bythe comm<strong>and</strong>er, depending on operationalrequirements.movement credit(*)-The allocation granted toone or more vehicles in order to move over acontrolled route in a fixed time according tomovement instructions.movement directive-The basic document publishedby the Department <strong>of</strong> the Army or theDepartment <strong>of</strong> the Air Force, or jointly, whichauthorizes a comm<strong>and</strong> to take action to move adesignated unit from one location to another.movement group-Those ships <strong>and</strong> embarkedunits that load out <strong>and</strong> proceed to rendezvousin the objective area.movement order-An order issued by a comm<strong>and</strong>ercovering the details for a move <strong>of</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>.movement plan-In amphibious operations, thenaval plan providing for the movement <strong>of</strong> theamphibious task force to the objective area. Itincludes information <strong>and</strong> instructions concern-ing departure <strong>of</strong> ships from loading points, thepassage at sea, <strong>and</strong> the approach to <strong>and</strong> arrivalin assigned positions in the objective area.movement report control center-The controllingagency for the entire movement report system.It has available all information relative to themovements <strong>of</strong> naval ships <strong>and</strong> other shipsunder naval control.movement report system-A system established tocollect <strong>and</strong> make available to cenain comm<strong>and</strong>svital information on the status, location, <strong>and</strong>movement <strong>of</strong> flag comm<strong>and</strong>s, commissionedfleet units, <strong>and</strong> ships under operational control<strong>of</strong> the Navy.movement requirement-A stated movementmode <strong>and</strong> time-phased need for the transpor<strong>of</strong>units, personnel, <strong>and</strong>/or materiel from as i-fied origin to a specified destination. ·movement restriction(*)-A restriction temporarilyplaced on traffic into <strong>and</strong>/or out <strong>of</strong> areas topermit clearance or prevention <strong>of</strong> congestion.movement schedule-A schedule developed tomonitor or track a separate entity whether it isa force requirement, cargo or personnel increment,or lift asset. The schedule reflects theassignment <strong>of</strong> specific lift resources (such as anaircraft or ship) that will be used to move thepersonnel <strong>and</strong> cargo included in a specificmovement increment. Arrival <strong>and</strong> departuretimes at ports <strong>of</strong> embarkation, etc., are detailedto show a flow <strong>and</strong> workload at each location.Movement schedules are detailed enough tosupport plan implementation.movement table(*)-A table giving detailed instructionsor data for a move. When necessaryit will be qualified by the words road, rail, sea,air, etc., to signify the type <strong>of</strong> movement.Normally issued as an annex to a movementorder or instruction.249
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>areas established toprovide a measur~. <strong>of</strong> security to submarines<strong>and</strong> surface ships · in transit through areas inwhich the existing attack restrictions would beinadequate to prevent attack by friendly forces.See also moving submarine haven; movingsurface ship haven.moving bavens-Res~ictedmoving map display(*)-A display in which asymbol, representing the vehicle, remainsstationary while the map or chart image· movesbeneath the symbol so that the display simulatesthe horizontal movement <strong>of</strong> the vehicle inwhich it is installed. Occasionally the design<strong>of</strong> the display is such that the map or chartimage remains stationary while the symbolmoves ·across a screen. See also projectedmap display.moving mine(•)-The collective description <strong>of</strong>·mines, such as drifting, oscillating, creeping,mobile, rising, homing, <strong>and</strong> bouquet mines.moving submarine haven-Established by submarinenotices, surrounding submarines in transit,extending 50 miles ahead, 100 miles behind,<strong>and</strong> 15 miles on each side <strong>of</strong> the estimatedposition <strong>of</strong> the submarine along its stated track.See also moving havens.mo\'ing surface sbip haven-Established bysurface ship notices, <strong>and</strong> will normally be acircle with a specified radius centered on the _estimated position <strong>of</strong> the ship or the guide <strong>of</strong> agroup <strong>of</strong> ships. See also movillg havens.moving target indicator(*)-A radar presentationwhich shows only targets which are in motion.Signals from stationary targets are subtractedout <strong>of</strong> the return signal by the output <strong>of</strong> asuitable memory circuit.MPS-See maritime prepositioDiDg ships.MRL-See minimum-risk level.250MRR-See minimum-risk route.MSC-See <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>.MSC-controlled ships-Those ships assigned bythe <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong> (MSC) for aspecific operation. They may be MSC nucleusfleet ships, contract-operated MSC ships,MSC-controlled time or voyage-charteredcommercial ships, or MSC-controlled shipsallocated by the Maritime Administration toMSC to carry out <strong>DOD</strong> objectives.MSPF -See maritime special purpose force.MTMC-See <strong>Military</strong> Traffic ManagementlComm<strong>and</strong>.M1T -See moblle training team.multi-modal(*)-ln transport operations, a te .applied to the movement <strong>of</strong> passengers <strong>and</strong>cargo by more than one method <strong>of</strong> transpon.multiple drill-see multiple unit training assemblies.multiple inadive duty training periods-Twoscheduled inactive duty training periods perfonnedin one calendar day, each at least fourhours in duration. No more than two inactiveduty training periods may be perfonned in oneday.multiple independently targetable reentry vebide-Areentry vehicle carried by a deliverysystem which can place one or more reentryvehicles over each <strong>of</strong> several separate targets.See also maneuverable reentry vebide; multiplereentry vebide; reentry vebide.multiple reentry vehicle-The reentry vehicle <strong>of</strong>a delivery system which places more than onereentry vehicle over an individual target. Seealso maneuverable reentry vebide; multiple'~I!\,
11/200517 Mar/mar 2005 PCT Gazette - Section I - Gazette du PCT 6669MN MW MX MZ NO NZ OM PH PL PT SDSE SG SK SL TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UGUS UZ VN YU ZA ZM ZW.(84)AP(GHGMKELSMWMZSDSLSZTZUG ZM ZW); EA (AM AZ BY KG KZ MDRU TJ TM); EP (AT BE BG CH CY CZ DEDK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LU MCNL PT RO SE SI SK TR); OA (BF BJ CF CGCI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NE SN TDTG).(51) 7 E03F 5/<strong>02</strong>(11) W O 2005/<strong>02</strong>4147 (13) A1(21) PCT/NL2004/000631(22) 13 Sep/sep 2004 (13.09.2004)(25) nl (26) en(30) 1<strong>02</strong>4276 11 Sep/sep 2003(11.09.2003)NL(43) 17 Mar/mar 2005 (17.03.2005)(54) • INSPECTION CHAMBER, AS WELLAS SET OF BASE PARTS THEREFOR• REGARD DE VISITE ET JEU DEPIECES DE FONDATION A CET EFFET(71) PIPELIFE NEDERLAND B.V. [NL/NL];Flevolaan 7, NL-1601 MA Enkhuizen (NL).(for all designated States except / pour tousles États désignés sauf US)(72, 75) GUITONEAU, Hans, Edward[NL/NL]; Prior 9, NL-1613 DH Grootebroek(NL).(74) VAN WESTENBRUGGE, Andries etal. / etc.; Nederl<strong>and</strong>sch Octrooibureau,Scheveningseweg, P.O. Box 29720, NL-25<strong>02</strong>LS The Hague (NL).(81) AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BRBW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DEDK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GHGM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KRKZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MGMK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OMPG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SLSY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VCVN YU ZA ZM ZW.(84) AP (BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SLSZ TZ UG ZM ZW); EA (AM AZ BY KG KZMD RU TJ TM); EP (AT BE BG CH CY CZDE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LUMC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR); OA (BF BJCF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NESN TD TG).(51) 7 E04B 1/84, E04C 3/07(11) W O 2005/<strong>02</strong>4148 (13) A1(21) PCT/NZ2004/00<strong>02</strong>13(22) 9 Sep/sep 2004 (09.09.2004)(25) en (26) en(30) 528138 10 Sep/sep 2003 NZ(10.09.2003)(43) 17 Mar/mar 2005 (17.03.2005)(54) • SOUND ATTENUATING FRAMINGSYSTEM• SYSTEME DE STRUCTURENUANT LE BRUITATTE-(71) FLETCHER BUILDING HOLDINGSLIMITED [NZ/NZ]; 810 Great South Road,Penrose, Auckl<strong>and</strong>, 1006 (NZ).(for all designated States except / pour tousles États désignés sauf US)(72, 75) GERLICH, Johan, Theodoor[NL/NZ]; 22 Teoti Street, ParaparaumuBeach, Wellington, 6010 (NZ). MALONE,James, Mark [NZ/NZ]; 29 Bentley Avenue,Glenfield, Auckl<strong>and</strong>, 1310 (NZ).(74) BALDWINS; PO Box 5999, WellesleyStreet, Auckl<strong>and</strong>, 1001 (NZ).(81) AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BRBW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DEDK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GHGM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KRKZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MGMK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OMPG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SLSY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VCVN YU ZA ZM ZW.(84) AP (BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SLSZ TZ UG ZM ZW); EA (AM AZ BY KG KZMD RU TJ TM); EP (AT BE BG CH CY CZDE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LUMC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR); OA (BF BJCF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NESN TD TG).(51) 7 E04B 2/82, B21D 47/00(11) W O 2005/<strong>02</strong>4149 (13) A1(21) PCT/IT2004/000485(22) 8 Sep/sep 2004 (08.09.2004)(25) en (26) en(30) NA2003A000059 10 Sep/sep 2003(10.09.2003)(43) 17 Mar/mar 2005 (17.03.2005)(54) • METHOD OF MANUFACTURINGMETALLIC U-SHAPED CHANNELSWHICH CAN BE EASILY SHAPED BYHAND AND CHANNELS PRODUCEDTHEREBY• PROCEDE DE PRODUCTION DEGOUTTIERES METALLIQUES ENFORME DE U POUVANT ETRE FA-CONNEES AISEMENT A LA MAIN ETGOUTTIERES AINSI PRODUITES(71, 72) GUERRASIO, Antonio [IT/IT]; ViaDella Liberta'N.15, I-84086 Roccapiemonte(IT).(74) CIRILLO, Gennaro; Via S. Lucia, N 15,I-80132 Napoli (IT).(81) AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BRBW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DEDK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GHGM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KRKZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MGMK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OMPG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SLSY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VCVN YU ZA ZM ZW.(84) AP (BW GH GM KE LS MW MZ NA SD SLSZ TZ UG ZM ZW); EA (AM AZ BY KG KZMD RU TJ TM); EP (AT BE BG CH CY CZDE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LUMC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR); OA (BF BJCF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NESN TD TG).(51) 7 E04C 5/16(11) W O 2005/<strong>02</strong>4150 (13) A1(21) PCT/KR2004/001957(22) 4 Aug/août 2004 (04.08.2004)(25) ko (26) enIT(30) 10-2003-0063043 9 Sep/sep 2003(09.09.2003)KR(43) 17 Mar/mar 2005 (17.03.2005)(54) • JOINT EQUIPMENT FOR STEEL REIN-FORCING• EQUIPEMENT D'ETANCHEITE POURARMATURE D'ACIER(71, 72) JOO, Dug-Sung [KR/KR]; 271-23 SanginParkvill., 4<strong>02</strong>, Songsan1-dong, Mapo-gu,Seoul 121-848 (KR).(74) MUN, Han-Seong; 814-5 Heungkuk Life InsuranceBldg., Yoksam-dong, Kangnam-ku,Seoul 135-931 (KR).(81) AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BRBW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DEDK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GHGM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KZLC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MG MKMN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OM PG PHPL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SL SY TJTM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VC VNYU ZA ZM ZW.(84)AP(BWGHGMKELSMWMZNASDSLSZ TZ UG ZM ZW); EA (AM AZ BY KG KZMD RU TJ TM); EP (AT BE BG CH CY CZDE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LUMC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR); OA (BF BJCF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NESN TD TG).(51) 7 E04D 3/06, B32B 27/06, 3/12(11) W O 2005/<strong>02</strong>4151 (13) A1(21) PCT/GB2004/003807(22) 3 Sep/sep 2004 (03.09.2004)(25) en (26) en(30) 0320572.1 3 Sep/sep 2003(03.09.2003)(43) 17 Mar/mar 2005 (17.03.2005)(54) • GLAZING PANELS• PANNEAUX DE VITRAGEGB(71) ULTRAFRAME (UK) LIMITED[GB/GB]; Enterprise Works, Salthill Road,Clitheroe, Lancs BB7 1PE (GB).(for all designated States except / pour tousles États désignés sauf US)(72, 75) MORPHET, Michael [GB/GB]; Meadowcr<strong>of</strong>t,Back Lane, Tunstall, Via Carnforth,Lancashire LA6 2QP (GB).(74) LYONS, Andrew, John et al. / etc.; Marks& Clerk, Tower Building, Water Street, LiverpoolL3 1BA (GB).(81) AE AG AL AM AT AU AZ BA BB BG BRBW BY BZ CA CH CN CO CR CU CZ DEDK DM DZ EC EE EG ES FI GB GD GE GHGM HR HU ID IL IN IS JP KE KG KP KRKZ LC LK LR LS LT LU LV MA MD MGMK MN MW MX MZ NA NI NO NZ OMPG PH PL PT RO RU SC SD SE SG SK SLSY TJ TM TN TR TT TZ UA UG US UZ VCVN YU ZA ZM ZW.(84)AP(BWGHGMKELSMWMZNASDSLSZ TZ UG ZM ZW); EA (AM AZ BY KG KZMD RU TJ TM); EP (AT BE BG CH CY CZDE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LUMC NL PL PT RO SE SI SK TR); OA (BF BJCF CG CI CM GA GN GQ GW ML MR NESN TD TG).
<strong>Joint</strong>, <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>I(INTENTIONALLY BLANK)252r-'\.,
,:napalm-1. Powdered aluminum soap or similarcompound used to gelatinize oil or gasoline foruse in napalm bombs or flame throwers. 2.The resultant gelatinized substance.nap-<strong>of</strong>-the-earth flight-See terrain flight.national ceusorsbi~ The examination <strong>and</strong> controlunder civil authority <strong>of</strong> communications entering,leaving, or transiting the borders <strong>of</strong> theUnited States, its territories, or its possessions.See also censorship.National Comm<strong>and</strong> Authorities-The President<strong>and</strong> the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense or their dulydeputized alternates or successors. Also calledNCA.National Communications System-The telecommunicationssystem that results from the technical<strong>and</strong> operational integration <strong>of</strong> the separatetelecommunications systems <strong>of</strong> the severalexecutive branch departtnents <strong>and</strong> agencieshaving a significant telecommunications capability.Also called NCS.national defense area-An area established onnon-Federal l<strong>and</strong>s located within the UnitedStates or its possessions or territories for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> safeguarding classified defenseinformation or protecting <strong>DOD</strong> equipment<strong>and</strong>/or material. Establishment <strong>of</strong> a nationaldefense area temporarily places such non-Federall<strong>and</strong>s under the effective control <strong>of</strong> theDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense <strong>and</strong> results only froman emergency event. The senior <strong>DOD</strong> representativeat the s·cene will defme the boundary,mark it with a physical barrier, <strong>and</strong> post warningsigns. The l<strong>and</strong>owner's consent <strong>and</strong> cooperationwill be obtained whenever possible;however, military necessity will dictate thefinal decision regarding location, shape, <strong>and</strong>N<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>size <strong>of</strong> the national defense area. Also calledNDA.National Defense Reserve Fleet-a. Including theReady Reserve Force, a fleet composed <strong>of</strong>ships acquired <strong>and</strong> maintained by the MaritimeAdlninistration (MARAD) for use in mobilizationor emergency. b. Less the Ready ReserveForce, a fleet composed <strong>of</strong> the older dry cargoships, tankers, troop transports, <strong>and</strong> otherassets in the MARAD 's custody that are maintainedat a relatively low level <strong>of</strong> readiness.They are acquired by MARAD from commercialship operators under the provisions <strong>of</strong> theMerchant Marine Act <strong>of</strong> 1936; they are availableonly on mobilization or congressionaldeclaration <strong>of</strong> an emergency. Because theships are maintained in a state <strong>of</strong> mi~preservation, activation requires 30 to 90 ys<strong>and</strong> extensive shipyard work for many. ~ socalled NDRF. See also Ready Reserve Force.national emergency-A condition declared by thePresident or the Congress by virtue <strong>of</strong> powerspreviously vested in them that authorize cenainemergency actions to be undenaken in thenational interest. Action to be taken mayinclude partial, full, or total mobilization <strong>of</strong>national resources. See also mobilization.national iDfrastnlcture(*)-lnfrastructure provided<strong>and</strong> fmanced by a NATO member in its ownterritory solely for its own forces (includingthose forces assigned to or designated forNATO). See also infrastructure.national intelligence-Integrated departmentalintelligence that covers the broad aspects <strong>of</strong>national policy <strong>and</strong> national security, is <strong>of</strong>concern to more than one department or agen;.cy, <strong>and</strong> transcends the exclusive competence <strong>of</strong>a single department or agency.253
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>national intelligence. estimate-A strategic estimate<strong>of</strong> the ca~bilities, vulnerabilities, <strong>and</strong>probable courses· <strong>of</strong> action <strong>of</strong> foreign nationswhich is produced at the national level as acomposite <strong>of</strong> the views <strong>of</strong> the intelligencecommunity.national intelligence support team-A nationallysourced team composed <strong>of</strong> intelligence <strong>and</strong>communications expertS from either _DefenseIntelligence Agency, Central Intelligence Agency,National Security Agency, or any combination<strong>of</strong> these agencies. Also called NIST.national intelligence surveys-Basic intelligencestudies produced on a coordinated interdepanmentalbasis <strong>and</strong> concerned with characteristics,basic resources, <strong>and</strong> relatively unchangingnatural features <strong>of</strong> a foreign country or otherarea.National <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> System-The prioritycomponent <strong>of</strong> the Worldwide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong><strong>and</strong> Control System designed to supportthe National Comm<strong>and</strong> Authorities <strong>and</strong> <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff in the exercise <strong>of</strong> their responsibilities.Also called NMCS.national military strategy-The an <strong>and</strong> science <strong>of</strong>distributing <strong>and</strong> applying military power toattain national objectives in peace· <strong>and</strong> war.· See also military strategy; national securitystrategy; strategy; theater strategy.national objectives-The aims, derived fromnational goals <strong>and</strong>· interests, toward which anational policy or strategy is directed <strong>and</strong>efforts <strong>and</strong> resources <strong>of</strong> the nation are applied.See also military objectives.national poUcy-A broad course <strong>of</strong> action orstatements <strong>of</strong> guidance adopted by the governmentat the national-level in pursuit <strong>of</strong> nationalobjectives.National Reconnaissance Office-A Department<strong>of</strong> Defense agency tasked to ensure that theUnited States has the technology <strong>and</strong> spaceborne<strong>and</strong> airborne assets needed to acquireintelligence worldwide, including support tosuch functions as monitoring <strong>of</strong> arms controlagreements, indications <strong>and</strong> warning, <strong>and</strong> theplanning <strong>and</strong> conducting <strong>of</strong> military operations.This mission is accomplished through research<strong>and</strong> development, acquisition, <strong>and</strong> operation <strong>of</strong>spaceborne <strong>and</strong> airborne intelligence datacollection systems. Also called NRO.national security-A collective term encompassingboth national defense <strong>and</strong> foreign relations <strong>of</strong>the United States. Specifically, the conditionprovided by: a. a military or defense advantageover any foreign nation or group <strong>of</strong> qations,or b. a favorable foreign relati~position, or c. a defense posture capable fsuccessfully resisting hostile or destructi eaction from within or without, overt or covert.See also security.National Security Council-A governmental bodyspecifically designed to assist the President inintegrating all spheres <strong>of</strong> national securitypolicy. The President, Vice President, Secretary<strong>of</strong> State, <strong>and</strong> Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense arestatutory members. The Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff; Director, Central IntelligenceAgency; <strong>and</strong> the Assistant to the President forNational Security Affairs serve as advisers.Also called NSC.national security interests-The foundation for thedevelopment <strong>of</strong> valid national objectives thatdefme US goals or purposes. National securityinterests include preserving US. political identity,framework, <strong>and</strong> institutions; fosteringeconomic well-being; <strong>and</strong> bolstering internationalorder supporting the vital interests <strong>of</strong> theUnited States <strong>and</strong> its allies.f'\Inational security strategy-The an <strong>and</strong> science <strong>of</strong>developing, applying, <strong>and</strong> coordinating the (\254
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>instruments <strong>of</strong> ~tional power (diplomatic,economic, milityy, <strong>and</strong> informational) toachieve objectives· that contribute to nationalsecurity. Also called national strategy orgr<strong>and</strong> strategy. See also military strategy;national military strategy; strategy; theaterstrategy.National Stock Number-The 13-digit stocknumber replacing the 11-digit Federal StockNumber. It consists <strong>of</strong> the 4-digit · FederalSupply Classification code <strong>and</strong> the 9-digitNational Item Identification Number. TheNational Item Identification Number consists <strong>of</strong>a 2-digit National Codification Bureau numberdesignating the central cataloging <strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> theNATO or other friendly country which assignedthe number <strong>and</strong> a 7-digit (xxxxxxx)nonsignificant number. The number shall bearranged as follows: 9999-00-999-9999. Seealso Federal Stock Number.national strategy-The art <strong>and</strong> science <strong>of</strong> developing<strong>and</strong> using the political, economic, <strong>and</strong>psychological powers <strong>of</strong> a nation, together withits anned forces, during peace <strong>and</strong> war, tosecure national objectives. See also strategy.nation assistance-Civil <strong>and</strong>/or military assistancerendered to a nation by foreign forces withinthat nation's territory during peacetime, crisesor emergencies, or war based on agreementsmutually concluded between nations. Nationassistance programs include, but are not limitedto, security assistance, foreign internal defense,other us. Code T_itle 10 (<strong>DOD</strong>) programs, <strong>and</strong>activities perfonned on a reimbursable basis byFederal agencies or international organizations.natural disaster-See domestic emergencies.nautical chart-See hydrographic chart.nautical mile-A measure <strong>of</strong> distance equal to oneminute <strong>of</strong> arc on the Earth's surface. TheUnited States has adopted the internationalnautical mile equal to6,076.11549 feet.1 ,852 meters ornautical plotting chart(*)-An outline chart,devoid <strong>of</strong> hydrographic information, <strong>of</strong> aspecific scale <strong>and</strong> projection, usually portrayinga graticule <strong>and</strong> compass rose, designed to beancillary to st<strong>and</strong>ard nautical charts, <strong>and</strong> produCedeither as an individual chart or a part <strong>of</strong>a coordinated series.naval advanced logistic support site-An overseaslocation used as the primary transshipmentpoint in the theater <strong>of</strong> operations for logisticsupport. A naval advanced logistic support sitepossesses full capabilities for storage, consolidation,<strong>and</strong> transfer <strong>of</strong> supplies <strong>and</strong> for support<strong>of</strong> forward-deployed units (including replacementsunits) during major contingency ¥tdwartime periods. Naval advanced log~· icsupport sites, with port <strong>and</strong> airfield facilit' inclose proximity, are located within the th er<strong>of</strong> operations but not near the main battle areas,<strong>and</strong> must possess the thioughput capacityrequired to accommodate incoming <strong>and</strong> outgoingintertheater airlift <strong>and</strong> sealift. When fullyactivated, the naval advanced logistic supportsite should consist <strong>of</strong> facilities <strong>and</strong> servicesprovided by the host nation, augmented bysupport personnel located in the theater <strong>of</strong>operations, or both. Also called ALSS. Seealso naval forward logistic site.aaval base-A naval base primarily for support <strong>of</strong>the forces afloat, contiguous to a port or anchorage,consisting <strong>of</strong> activities or facilities forwhich the Navy has operating responsibilities,together with interior lines <strong>of</strong> communication<strong>and</strong> the minimum surrounding area necessaryfor local security. (Normally, not greater thanan area <strong>of</strong> 40 square miles.) See also basecomplex.naval beach group(*)-A permanently organizednaval comm<strong>and</strong> within an amphibious forcecomprised <strong>of</strong> a comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> staff, a beach-255
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>master unit, an amphibious construction battaJ-,ion, <strong>and</strong> an ass~lt craft unit, designed toprovide an admiliistrative group from whichrequired naval tactical components may bemade available to the attack force comm<strong>and</strong>er· <strong>and</strong> to the amphibious l<strong>and</strong>ing force comm<strong>and</strong>erto support the l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> one division (reinforced).See also shore party.naval beach unit~See naval beach group.naval campaign(*)-An operation or a connectedseries <strong>of</strong> operations conducted essentially bynaval forces, including all surface, subsurface,air, <strong>and</strong> amphibious troops, for the purpose <strong>of</strong>gaining, extending, or maintaining control <strong>of</strong>the sea.naval coastal warfare-Coastal sea control, harbordefense, <strong>and</strong> port security, executed both incoastal areas outside the United States in support<strong>of</strong> national policy <strong>and</strong> in the United Statesas part <strong>of</strong> this Nation's defense. Also calledNCW.naval coastal warfare area-An assigned geographicarea <strong>of</strong> responsibility which includes<strong>of</strong>fshore waters, harbor approaches, harbors,. ports, waterfront facilities, <strong>and</strong> those internalwaters <strong>and</strong> rivers which provide access to port· facilities.naval coastal warfare comm<strong>and</strong>er-An <strong>of</strong>ficerdesignated to conduct naval coastal warfaremissions within a designated naval coastalgeographic area. ·Also called NCWC.naval construction force-The combined constructionunits <strong>of</strong> the Navy, including primarily themobile construction battalions <strong>and</strong> the amphibiousconstruction battalions. These units arepart <strong>of</strong> the operating forces <strong>and</strong> represent theNavy's capability for advanced base construction.naval control <strong>of</strong> shipping(*)-Control exercisedby naval authorities <strong>of</strong> movement, routing,reporting, convoy organization, <strong>and</strong> tacticaldiversion <strong>of</strong> allied merchant shipping. It doesnot include the employment or active protection<strong>of</strong> such shipping.naval ·control <strong>of</strong> shipping <strong>of</strong>ficer(*)-A naval<strong>of</strong>ficer appointed to form merchant convoys<strong>and</strong> control <strong>and</strong> coordinate the routing <strong>and</strong>movements <strong>of</strong> such convoys, independentlysailed merchant ships, <strong>and</strong> hospital ships in <strong>and</strong>out <strong>of</strong> a port or base, subject to the directions<strong>of</strong> the operational control authority.naval control <strong>of</strong> shipping organization-Theorganization within the Navy which carries outthe specific responsibilities <strong>of</strong> the Chief tfNaval Operations to provide for the control1protection <strong>of</strong> movements <strong>of</strong> merchant shipstime <strong>of</strong> war.naval district-A geographically defined area inwhich one naval <strong>of</strong>ficer, designated comm<strong>and</strong>ant,is the direct representative <strong>of</strong> the Secretary<strong>of</strong> the Navy <strong>and</strong> the Chief <strong>of</strong> Naval Operations.The comni<strong>and</strong>ant has the responsibilityfor local naval defense <strong>and</strong> security <strong>and</strong> for thecoordination <strong>of</strong> naval activities in the area.naval forward logistic site-An overseas location,with port <strong>and</strong> airfield facilities nearby, whichprovides logistic support to naval forces withinthe theater <strong>of</strong> operations during major contingency<strong>and</strong> wartime periods. Naval forwardlogistic sites may be located in close proximityto main battle areas to permit forward staging<strong>of</strong> services, throughput <strong>of</strong> high priority cargo,advanced maintenance, <strong>and</strong> battle damagerepair. Naval forward logistic sites are linkedto in-theater naval advanced logistic supportsites (ALSSs) by intratheater airlift <strong>and</strong> sealift,but may also serve as transshipment points forintertheater movement <strong>of</strong> high-priority cargointo areas <strong>of</strong> direct combat. In providing fleetlogistic support, naval forward logistic site256
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lcapabilities may range from very austere tonear those <strong>of</strong> a naval advanced logistic supportsite. Also called. FLS. See also uaval advancedlogistic support site.uaval gunfire Uaisoa team
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>es. It consists <strong>of</strong> a group headquaners withcomm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control, CQIDDDmications, <strong>and</strong>suppon staff; sea-air-l<strong>and</strong> teams; <strong>and</strong> sea-airl<strong>and</strong>team delivery vehicle teams. .The JlOup isthe· source <strong>of</strong> all deployed naval special warfareforces <strong>and</strong> administratively supports the navalspecial warfare units usiped to the tbeatercombatant comm<strong>and</strong>ers. The poup staffprovides general operatioDal direction <strong>and</strong>coOrdinates the activities <strong>of</strong> its subordiDateunits. A naval special warfare group is capable<strong>of</strong> task-organizing to meet a wide variety <strong>of</strong>requirements. Also called NSWG.aaval special warfare special operatiODS eomponeat-1beNavy special operations component<strong>of</strong> a unified or subordinate unified commaudor joint special operations task force.Also called NAVSOC.aaftl special warfare task elemeat-A provisionalsubordinate element <strong>of</strong> a uaval special warfaretask unit~· :employed to extend the comm<strong>and</strong>8Dd comrolllld support capabilities <strong>of</strong> itsparent task unit. Also called NSWI'E. Seealso aaval special warfare task mdLaaval special warfare task pvap-A provisicmaluaval special warfare orpnization tbal plaDs,conducrs, aDd supports special operations iDsupport <strong>of</strong> fleet COIIIIDIDders aDd joint forcespecial operations compone11t COIIIIDIDders.Also called NSWTG.aaval special warfare task UDit-A provisionalsubordinate unit <strong>of</strong> a naval special warfare taskgroup. Also called NSWTU. See also aavalspecial warfare task group.aaval special warfare uait-A permaDeDt Navyorganization forward based to comrol <strong>and</strong>suppon attached naval special warfare forces. ·Also called NSWU.aaval stores(•)-Any articles or commodities usedby a naval smp-or sWion, such as equipmelll,consumable supplies, clothing, petroleum. oils,aDd lubricants, medical supplies, <strong>and</strong> an:;:~unition.aaftl support area(*)-A sea area assigned tonaval ships detailed to suppon an amphibiousoperation. See also fire support area.aaval surface fire support-Fire provided byNavy surface gun, missile, <strong>and</strong> electronicwarfare systems in suppon <strong>of</strong> a unit or unitstasked with achieving the comm<strong>and</strong>er's objectives.Also called NSFS.aaftl tactical data system-A complex <strong>of</strong> datainputs, user consoles, conveners, adapters, <strong>and</strong>radio terminals imercoDDeCted with high-speed,general-purpose computers aDd its stored proJI'IIIIS. Combat data is collected, processed,llld composed into a picture <strong>of</strong> the overalltactical situation which enables the force comm<strong>and</strong>erto make rapid, ICCUI'Ile evaluations <strong>and</strong>decisioDS.aa.tptlODal pid(•)-A series <strong>of</strong> straiJbt lines,superimposed over a conformal projection <strong>and</strong>indicating grid nonh, used as an aid to navigation.Tbe iDterval <strong>of</strong> the grid liDes is generallya multiple <strong>of</strong> 60 or 100 DIUtical miles. Seealso military pid.aa.tptioa bead(•)-A traDssbipmeDt point on awaterway where loads are ttansferred betweenwater carriers aDd laDd carriers. A navigationhead is similar in function to a railtad ortruckbead.aa.tption mode-In a flight conttol system, acomrol mode in which the flight path <strong>of</strong> anaircraft is automatically maintained by signalsfrom aavigation equipmelll.NAV80C-See D8Yal special warfare specialoperatious componeat.NA VSOF -See naval special warfare forces.258 (\
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Navy Cargo Halidling Battalion-A mobilelogistics suppo¢. unit capable <strong>of</strong> worldwidedeployment in "its entirety or in specializeddetachments. It is organized, trained, <strong>and</strong>equipped to: a. load <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>f-load Navy <strong>and</strong>Marine Corps cargo carried in maritime prepositioningships <strong>and</strong> merchant breakbulk orcontainer ships in all environments; b. tooperate an associated temporary ocean cargoterminal; c. load <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>fload Navy <strong>and</strong> MarineCorps cargo carried in military-controlledaircraft; d. to operate an associated expeditionaryair cargo terminal. Also called CHB.Three sources <strong>of</strong> Navy Cargo H<strong>and</strong>ling Battalionsare: a. Navy Cargo H<strong>and</strong>ling <strong>and</strong> PortGroup-The ~tive duty, cargo h<strong>and</strong>ling, battalion-sizedunit composed solely <strong>of</strong> active dutypersonnel. Also called NAVCHAPGRU. b.Naval Reserve Cargo H<strong>and</strong>ling Training Battalion-Theactive duty, cargo h<strong>and</strong>ling trainingbattalion composed <strong>of</strong> both active duty <strong>and</strong>reserve personnel. Also called NRCHTB. c.Naval Reserve Cargo H<strong>and</strong>ling Battalion-Areserve cargo h<strong>and</strong>ling battalion composedsolely <strong>of</strong> selected reserve personnel. Alsocalled NRCHB. See also maritime preposidoningsbips.Navy Cargo H<strong>and</strong>liug Force-The combinedcargo h<strong>and</strong>ling units <strong>of</strong> the Navy, includingprimarily the Navy Cargo H<strong>and</strong>ling <strong>and</strong> PortGroup, the Naval Reserve Cargo H<strong>and</strong>ling· Training Battalion, <strong>and</strong> the Naval ReserveCargo H<strong>and</strong>ling Battalion. These units are part<strong>of</strong> the operating forces <strong>and</strong> represent theNavy's capability for open ocean cargo h<strong>and</strong>ling.See also Navy Cargo ll<strong>and</strong>liug Battalion.Navy special operatioos component-The Navycomponent <strong>of</strong> a joint force special operationscomponent. Also called NAVSOC. See alsoAir Force special operadoos component;Army special operatioos component.Navy support element-The Maritime PrepositioningForce element that is composed <strong>of</strong> navalbeach group staff <strong>and</strong> subordinate unit personnel,a detachment <strong>of</strong> Navy cargo h<strong>and</strong>ling forcepersonnel, <strong>and</strong> other Navy components, asrequired. It is tasked with conducting the<strong>of</strong>f-load <strong>and</strong> ship-to-shore movement <strong>of</strong> marit~eprepositioned equipment/supplies.NBC defense-Nuclear defense, biological defense,<strong>and</strong> chemical defense, collectively. Theterm may not be used in the context <strong>of</strong> US<strong>of</strong>fensive operations.NCA-See National Comm<strong>and</strong> Authorities.NC8-See National Communications System; netcontrol station.lNCW-See oaval coastal warfare. fNCWC-see oaval coastal warfare co~er.NDA-see national defense area.N-ctay-see times.NDRF -see National Defense Reserve Fleet.near miss(*)-Any circumstances in flight whenthe degree <strong>of</strong> separation between two aircraftmight constitute a hazardous situation. Alsocalled airmiss.near miss (aircraft)-Any circumstance in flightwhere the degree <strong>of</strong> separation between twoaircraft is considered by either pilot to haveconstituted a hazardous situation involvingpotential risk <strong>of</strong> collision.near real time(*)-Pertaining to the timeliness <strong>of</strong>data or information which has been delayed bythe time required for electronic conununication<strong>and</strong> automatic data processing. This impliesthat there u:e no significant delays. See alsoreal time.259
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>neatlines(*)-The lines that bound the body <strong>of</strong> amap, usually parallels <strong>and</strong> meridians. See alsograticule. ·need to know-A criterion used in security procedureswhich requires the custodians <strong>of</strong> classifiedinfonnation to establish, prior to disclosure,that the intended recipient must haveaccess to the infonnation to perform his or her<strong>of</strong>ficial duties. ·negative-As used in air intercept, means cancel orno.negative phase <strong>of</strong> the sbock wave-The periodduring which the pressure falls below ambient<strong>and</strong> then returns to the ambient value. See alsopositive phase <strong>of</strong> the sbock wave; shockwave.negative photo plane(*)-The plane in which afilm or plate lies at the moment <strong>of</strong> exposure.neglect(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire support,a report to the observer/spotter to indicate thatthe last round(s) was fired with incorrect data<strong>and</strong> that the round(s) will be fired again usingcorrect data.negligible risk (nuclear)-A degree <strong>of</strong> risk wherepersonnel are reasonably safe, with the exceptions<strong>of</strong> dazzle or temporary loss <strong>of</strong> nightvision. See also degree <strong>of</strong> risk (nuclear);emergency risk (nudear); moderate risk(nudear).negotiations-A discussion between authorities <strong>and</strong>a barricaded <strong>of</strong>fender or terrorist to effecthostage release <strong>and</strong> terrorist surrender. Seealso antiterrorism.nerve agent(*)-A potentially lethal chemicalagent which interferes with the transmission <strong>of</strong>nerve impulses.net call sign(*)-A call sign which represe: ; allstations within a net. See also call sign.net, c:bain, cell system-Patterns <strong>of</strong> cl<strong>and</strong>estineorgani~tion, especially for operational purposes.Net is the broadest <strong>of</strong> the three; it usuallyinvolves: a. a succession <strong>of</strong> echelons; <strong>and</strong> b.such functional specialists as may be requiredto accomplish its mission. When it consistslargely or entirely <strong>of</strong> nonstaff employees, itmay be called an agent' net. Chain focusesattention upon the first <strong>of</strong> these elements; it iscommonly defmed as a series <strong>of</strong> agents <strong>and</strong>informants who receive instructions from <strong>and</strong>pass information to a principal agent by means<strong>of</strong> cutouts <strong>and</strong> couriers . .Cell system emphasizesa variant <strong>of</strong> the first element <strong>of</strong> net; itsdistinctive feature is the grouping <strong>of</strong> perso;into small units that are relatively isolated anself-contained. In the interest <strong>of</strong> maximsecurity for the organization as a whole, eaccell has contact with the rest <strong>of</strong> the organizationonly through an agent <strong>of</strong> the organization <strong>and</strong>a single member <strong>of</strong> the cell. Others in the celldo not know the agent, <strong>and</strong> nobody in the cellknows the identities or activities <strong>of</strong> members <strong>of</strong>other cells.net (communicatioas)-An organization <strong>of</strong> stationscapable <strong>of</strong> direct communications on a commonchannel or frequency.net control station-A communications stationdesignated to control traffic <strong>and</strong> enforce circuitdiscipline within a given net. Also calledNCS.net inventory assets-That portion <strong>of</strong> the totalmateriel assets which is designated to meet themateriel inventory objective. It consists <strong>of</strong> thetotal materiel assets less the peacetime materielconsumption <strong>and</strong> losses through normal appropriation<strong>and</strong> procurement leadtime periods.net sweep(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a two-shipsweep, using a netlike device, designed to1 ~260
•collect drifting mines or scoop them up fromthe sea bottom. ·.... ~net weight-Weight <strong>of</strong> a ground vehicle withoutfuel, engine oil, coolant, on-vehicle materiel,cargo, or operating personnel.neutrality-In international law, the attitude <strong>of</strong>impartiality, during periods <strong>of</strong> war, adopted bythird states toward belligerent <strong>and</strong> recognizedby the belligerent, which creates rights <strong>and</strong>duties between the impartial states <strong>and</strong> thebelligerent. In a United Nations enforcementaction, the rules <strong>of</strong> neutrality apply to impartialmembers <strong>of</strong> the United Nations except so "far asthey are excluded by the obligation <strong>of</strong> suchmembers under the United Nations Charter.neutralization(*)-ln mine warfare, a mine is saidto be neutralized when it bas been rendered, byexternal means, incapable <strong>of</strong> firing on passage<strong>of</strong> a target, although it may remain dangerousto h<strong>and</strong>le.neutralization ftre-Fire which is delivered torender the target ineffective or unusable. Seealso fire.neutralize-As pertains to military operations, torender ineffective or unusable.neutralize track-As used in air intercept, torender the target being tracked ineffective orunusable.neutral state-In international law, a state whichpursues a policy ..<strong>of</strong> neutrality during war. Seealso neutrality.neutron induced activity(*)-Radioactivity inducedin the ground or an object as a result <strong>of</strong>direct irradiation by neutrons.NGF8-See naval gimfire support.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>nickname-A combination <strong>of</strong> two separate unclassifiedwords which is assigned an unclassifiedmeaning <strong>and</strong> is employed only for unclassifiedadministrative, morale, or public informationpurposes.night cap-Night combat air patrol (writtenNCAP).night efTect(*)-An effect mainly caused by variationsin the state <strong>of</strong> polarization <strong>of</strong> reflectedwaves, which sometimes result in errors indirection finding bearings. The effect is mostfrequent at nightfall.NIST -See national intelligence support team.NMCM-See not mission capable, maintenance.NMCs-See National <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> tstem.NMC8-See not mission capable, supply.NMET -See naval mobile environmental team.node-A location in a mobility system where amovement requirement is originated, processedfor onward movement, or terminated.no-fire Une(*)-A line short <strong>of</strong> which artillery orships do not fire except on request or approval<strong>of</strong> the supported comm<strong>and</strong>er, but beyond whichthey may fire at any time without danger t<strong>of</strong>riendly troops.no joy-In air intercept, a code meaning, "I havebeen unsuccessful," or, "I have no information."nominal fllter(*)-A fil~r capable <strong>of</strong> cutting <strong>of</strong>f anominated minimum percentage by weight <strong>of</strong>solid particles greater than a stated micron size.nominal focallength(*)-An approximate value <strong>of</strong>the focal length, rounded <strong>of</strong>f to some st<strong>and</strong>ard261
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>figure, used for ·the classification <strong>of</strong> lenses, nondeferrable issue dem<strong>and</strong>-Issue dem<strong>and</strong>mirrors, or cameras.related to specific periods <strong>of</strong> time which willnot exist after the close <strong>of</strong> those periods, evennominal scale-See principal scale; also scale. though not satisfied during the period.nominal weapon(•)-A nuclear weapon producinga yield <strong>of</strong> approximately 20 kilotons. See alsokiloton weapon; megaton weapon; subkilotonweapon.nonair transportable-That which is not transportableby air by virtue <strong>of</strong> dimension, weight, orspecial characteristics or restrictions.nonaligned state-A state which pursues a policy<strong>of</strong> nonalignment.nonalignment-The political attitude <strong>of</strong> a statewhich does not associate or identify itself withthe political ideology or objective espoused byother states, groups <strong>of</strong> states, or internationalcauses, or with the foreign policies stemmingtherefrom. It does not preclude involvement,but expresses the attitude <strong>of</strong> no precommitmentto a particular state (or block) or policy beforea situation arises.nonappropriated funds-Funds generated by<strong>DOD</strong> military <strong>and</strong> civilian personnel <strong>and</strong> theirdependents <strong>and</strong> used to augment funds appropriatedby the Congress to provide a comprehensive,morale-building welfare, religious,eaucational, <strong>and</strong> recreational program, designedto improve the well-being <strong>of</strong> military <strong>and</strong>civilian personnel <strong>and</strong> their dependents.. noncontiguous facilitY-A facility for which theService indicated ~ operating responsibility,but which is not located on, or "in the immediatevicinity <strong>of</strong>, a base complex <strong>of</strong> that Service.Its area includes only that actually occupied bythe facility, plus the minimum surrounding areanecessary for close-in security. See also basecomplex.262nondeployable account-An account where Reservists(<strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>and</strong> enlisted) either in units orindividually are assigned to a reserve componentcategory or a training/retired categorywhen the individual has not completed initialactive duty for training or its equivalent.Reservists in a nondeployable account are notconsidered as trained strength assigned to unitsor mobilization positions <strong>and</strong> are not deployableoverseas on l<strong>and</strong> with those units or mobilizationpositions. See also training pipeline.noneffective sortie-Any aircraft dispatched whifhfor any reason fails to carry out the purpose fthe mission. Abonive sonies are included. .nonexpendable supplies <strong>and</strong> material-Supplieswhich are not consumed in use <strong>and</strong> whichretain their original identity during the period<strong>of</strong> use, such as weapons, machines, tools, <strong>and</strong>equipment.nonfJXed medical treatment facility-A medicaltreatment facility designed to be moved fromplace to place, including medical treatmentfacilities afloat. ·nonhostile casualty-A person who becomes acas~ty due to circumstances not directlyattributable to hostile action or terrorist activity.Casualties due to the elements, self-inflictedwounds, <strong>and</strong> combat fatigue are nonhostilecasualties. See also casualty; casualty type;hostile casualty.non-linear approach(•)-ln approach <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ingsystems, a final approach in which the nominalflight path is not a straight line.nonpredsion approach-Radar-controlled approachor an approach flown by reference to{\,
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>navigation aids il} which glide slope informationis not availa~Ae. See also rmai approach;precision approaCh.nonprior service personnel-Individuals withoutany prior military service, who. have not completedbasic inactive duty training, <strong>and</strong> whoreceive a commission in or enlist directly intoan Armed Force <strong>of</strong> the United States.nonprogram aircraft-All aircraft, other thanactive <strong>and</strong> reserve categories, in the totalaircraft inventory, including X -models; aircraftfor which there is no longer a requirementeither in the active or reserve category; <strong>and</strong>aircraft in the process <strong>of</strong> being dropped fromthe total aircraft inventory. See also aircraft.nonrecurring dem<strong>and</strong>-A request by an authorizedrequisitioner to satisfy a materiel requirementknown to be a one-time occurrence. This· materiel is required to provide initial stockageallowances, to meet planned program requirements,or to satisfy a one-time project ormaintenance requirement. Nonrecurring dem<strong>and</strong>snormally will not be considered by thesupporting supply system in the development <strong>of</strong>dem<strong>and</strong>-based elements <strong>of</strong> the requirementscomputation ..non-registered publlcation(*)-A publicationwhich bears no register number <strong>and</strong> for whichperiodic accounting is not required.nonscheduled units-Units <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>ing forceheld in readiness for l<strong>and</strong>ing during the initialunloading period; but not included in eitherscheduled or on-call waves. This categoryusually includes- certain <strong>of</strong> the combat supportunits <strong>and</strong> most <strong>of</strong> the combat service supportunits with higher echelon (division <strong>and</strong> above)reserve units <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>ing force. Their l<strong>and</strong>ingis directed when the need ashore can bepredicted with a reasonable degree <strong>of</strong> accuracy.nonst<strong>and</strong>ard item-An item <strong>of</strong> supply determinedby st<strong>and</strong>ardization action as not authorized forprocurement.nonstocked item-An item that does not meet thestockag~ criteria for a given activity <strong>and</strong>,therefore, is not stocked at the particular activitynon-submarine contact chart(*)-A special navalchart, at a scale <strong>of</strong> 1:100,000 to 1:1,000,000,showing bathymetry, bottom characteristics,wreck data, <strong>and</strong> non-submarine contact data forcoastal <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>f-shore waters. It is designed foruse in conducting submarine <strong>and</strong> anti-submarinewarfare operations. Also called non-subcontact chart.non-UDit-related cargo-All equipment <strong>and</strong> sfppliesrequiring transportation to an area <strong>of</strong>operations, other than those identified as eequipment or accompanying supplies o aspecific unit (e.g., resupply, military supportfor allies, <strong>and</strong> support for nonmilitary programs,such as civil relief).non-unit-related personnel-All personnel requiringtransportation to or from an area <strong>of</strong> operations,other than those assigned to a specificunit (e.g., filler personnel; replacements;temporary duty/temporary additional dutypersonnel; civilians; medical evacuees; <strong>and</strong>retrograde personnel).normal charge-Charge employing a st<strong>and</strong>ardamount <strong>of</strong> propellant to fire a gun under ordinaryconditions, as compared with a reducedcharge. See also reduced charge.normal impact effect-See cardinal point effect.normal intelligence reports-A category <strong>of</strong> reportsused in the dissemination <strong>of</strong> intelligence,which is conventionally used for the immediatedissemination <strong>of</strong> individual items <strong>of</strong> intelli-263
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>gence. See also· ·Intelligence reporting; specialistintelligen~ reports.normal lighting(*)-Lighting <strong>of</strong> vehicles as prescribedor authorized by the law <strong>of</strong> a givencountry without restrictions for military reasons.See also reduced lighting.normal operations-Generally <strong>and</strong> collectively,the broad functions which a combatant comm<strong>and</strong>erundenakes when assigned responsibility ·for a given geographic or functional area.Except as otherwise qualified in certain unifiedcomm<strong>and</strong> plan paragraphs which relate topanicular comm<strong>and</strong>s, "normal operations" <strong>of</strong> acombatant comm<strong>and</strong>er include: planning for<strong>and</strong> execution <strong>of</strong> operations throughout therange <strong>of</strong> military operations; planning <strong>and</strong>conduct <strong>of</strong> cold war activities; planning for <strong>and</strong>administration <strong>of</strong> military assistance; <strong>and</strong>maintaining the relationships <strong>and</strong> exercising thedirective or coordinating authority prescribed in<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 0-2, Admin. <strong>Pub</strong> 1.1, <strong>and</strong> <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong>4-01.no-strike target list-A list designated by a comm<strong>and</strong>ercontaining targets not to be destroyed.Destruction <strong>of</strong> targets on the list would interferewith or unduly hamper projected friendlymilitary operations, or friendly relations withindigenous personnel or governments.NOT AM-See notice to airmen.notice to airmen(*)-A notice containing infonnationconcerning the establishment, condition, orchange in any aeronautical facility' service,procedures, or hazard, the timely knowledge <strong>of</strong>which is essential to personnel concerned withflight operations. Also called NOTAM.notional ship-A theoretical or average ship <strong>of</strong>any one category used in transponation planning(e.g., a Liberty ship for dry cargo; a T-2tanker for bulk petroleum, oils, <strong>and</strong> lubricants;a personnel transpon <strong>of</strong> 2,400 troop spaces.)not DUSSIOn capable, maintenance-Materialcondition indicating that systems <strong>and</strong> equipmentare not capable <strong>of</strong> performing any <strong>of</strong> theirassigned missions because <strong>of</strong> maintenancerequirements. Also called NMCM. See alsonot mission capable, supply.not mission capable, supply-Material conditionindicating that systems <strong>and</strong> equipment are notcapable <strong>of</strong> performing any <strong>of</strong> their assignedmissions because <strong>of</strong> maintenance work stoppagedue to a supply shonage. Also called NMCS.See also not mission capable, maintenance.not seriously i!Qured-The casualty status <strong>of</strong> aperson whose injury may or may not requirehospitalization; medical authority does notclassify as very seriously injured, seriolinjured, or incapacitating illness or injury;the person can conununicate with the next fkin. Also called NSI. See also casualstatus.no-wind position-see air position.NRQ-See National Reconnaissance Office.NSC-see National Security Council.NSF8-See naval surface fire support.NSI-See not seriously uqured.NSW-see naval special warfare.NSWG-See naval special warfare group.NSWTE-See naval special warfare task element.NSWTG-See naval special warfare task group.NSWTGITU-See naval special warfare taskgroup/unit.NSWTU-See naval special warfare task unit.264
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>NSWU-See naval s~al warfare unit.Nth country-A reference to additions to thegroup <strong>of</strong> powers possessing nuclear weaponsthenext country <strong>of</strong> a series to acquire nuclearcapabilities.NUCINT -See nuclear intelligence.nuclear accident-See nuclear weapon(s) accident.·nuclear airburst(*)-The explosion <strong>of</strong> a nuclearweapon in the air, at a height greater than themaximum radius <strong>of</strong> the fireball. See also types<strong>of</strong> burst.nuclear bonus effects(*)-Desirable damage orcasualties produced by the effects from friendlynuclear weapons that cannot be accuratelycalculated in targeting as the uncertaintiesinvolved preclude depending on them .for amilitarily significant result.nuclear burst-See types <strong>of</strong> burst.nuclear certifiable(*)-Indicates a ':~Dit or vehiclepossessing the potential <strong>of</strong> passing functionaltests <strong>and</strong> inspections <strong>of</strong> all normal <strong>and</strong> emergencysystems affecting the nuclear weapons.nuclear certified(*)-See nuclear certified deliveryunit; nuclear certified delivery vehicle.nuclear certified delivery unit(*)-Any level <strong>of</strong>organization <strong>and</strong> support elements which arecapable <strong>of</strong> executing nuclear missions in accordancewith appr_opriate bilateral arrangements<strong>and</strong> NATO direCtives. See also nuclear deliveryunit.nuclear certified delivery vehicle(*)-A deliveryvehicle whose compatibility with a nuclearweapon has been certified by the applicablenuclear power through formal procedures. Seealso nuclear delivery vehicle.nuclear cloud(*)-An all-inclusive term for thevolume <strong>of</strong> hot gases, smoke, dust, <strong>and</strong> otherparticulate matter from the nuclear bomb itself<strong>and</strong> from its environment, which is carriedal<strong>of</strong>t in conjunction with the rise <strong>of</strong> the fireballproduced by the detonation <strong>of</strong> the nuclearweapon.nuclear collateral d.amage(*)-Undesired damageor casualties produced by the effects fromfriendly .nuclear weapons.nuclear column(*)-A hollow cylinder <strong>of</strong> water<strong>and</strong> spray thrown up from an underwater burst<strong>of</strong> a nuclear weapon, through which the hot,high-pressure gases formed in the explosion arevented to the atmosphere. A somewhat similarcolumn <strong>of</strong> dirt is formed in an undergroundexplosion.fnuclear commitment(*)-A statement by a NAtomember that specific forces have been committedor will be committed to NATO in a nuclearonly or dual capable role.nuclear coordination-A broad term encompassingall the actions involved with planningnuclear strikes, including liaison betweencomm<strong>and</strong>ers, for the purpose <strong>of</strong> satisfyingsupport requirements or because <strong>of</strong> the extension<strong>of</strong> weapons effects into the territory <strong>of</strong>another.nuclear damage(*)-1. Light Damage-Damagewhich does not prevent the immediate use <strong>of</strong>equipment or installations for which it wasintended. Some repair by the user may berequired to make full use <strong>of</strong> the equipment orinstallations. 2. Moderate Damage-Damagewhich prevents the use <strong>of</strong> equipment or installationsuntil extensive repairs are made. 3.Severe Damage-Damage which prevents use <strong>of</strong>equipment or installations pennanently.nuclear damage assessment(*)-The determination<strong>of</strong> the damage effect to the population,265
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>forces, <strong>and</strong> resources resulting from actualnuclear attack. It =is performed during <strong>and</strong> afteran attack. The operational significance <strong>of</strong> thedamage is not evaluated in this assessment... nuclear defense(•)-The methods, plans, <strong>and</strong>procedures involved in establishing <strong>and</strong> exercisingdefensive measures against the effects <strong>of</strong> anattack by nuclear weapons or radiologicalwarfare agents. It encompasses both the trainingfor, <strong>and</strong> the implementation <strong>of</strong>, thesemethods, plans, <strong>and</strong> procedures. See also NBCdefense; radiological defense.nuclear delivery unit(•)-Any level <strong>of</strong> trganizationcapable <strong>of</strong> employing a nuclear weaponsystem or systems. when the weapon or weaponshave been released by proper authority.nuclear delivery vehicle(•)-That portion <strong>of</strong> theweapon system which provides the means <strong>of</strong>delivery <strong>of</strong> a nuclear weapon to the target.nuclear detonation detection <strong>and</strong> reportiDgsystem(•)-A system deployed to providesurveillance coverage <strong>of</strong> critical friendly targetareas, <strong>and</strong> indicate place, height <strong>of</strong> burst; yield,<strong>and</strong> ground zero <strong>of</strong> nuclear detonations.nuclear dud-A nuclear weapon which, whenlaunched at or emplaced on a target, fails toprovide any explosion <strong>of</strong> that part <strong>of</strong> the weapondesigned to produce the nuclear yield.nuclear energy-All forms <strong>of</strong> energy released inthe course <strong>of</strong> a puclear fission or nucleartransfonnation.nuclear equipoise-Not to be used. See nuclearstalemate.. nuclear exoatmospheric burst-The explosion <strong>of</strong>a nuclear weapon above the sensible atmosphere(above 120 kilometers) where aunosphericinteraction is minimal. See also types<strong>of</strong> burst.nuclear incident-An unexpected event involvinga nuclear weapon, facility, or component,resulting in any <strong>of</strong> the following, but not constitutinga nuclear weapon(s) accident: a. anincrease in the possibility <strong>of</strong> explosion orradioactive contamination; b. errors committedin the assembly, testing, loading, or transporta- c.tion: <strong>of</strong> equipment, <strong>and</strong>/or the malfunctioning <strong>of</strong>equipment <strong>and</strong> materiel which could lead to anunintentional operation <strong>of</strong> all or part <strong>of</strong> theweapon arming <strong>and</strong>/or firing sequence, orwhich could lead to a substantial change inyield, or increased dud probability; <strong>and</strong> c. anyact <strong>of</strong> God, unfavorable environment, or conditionresulting in damage to the weapon, facility,or component.nuclear intelligence-Intelligence derived from3ecollection <strong>and</strong> analysis <strong>of</strong> radiation <strong>and</strong> o reffects resulting from radioactive sourc .Also called NUCINT. See also intelligence.nuclear logistic movement-The transport <strong>of</strong> /~""\nuclear weapons in connection with supply ormaintenance operations. Under certain specifiedconditions, combat aircraft may be usedfor such movements.nuclear nation(*)-<strong>Military</strong> nuclear powers <strong>and</strong>civil nuclear powers. See also nuclear power.nuclear parity-A condition at a given point intime when opposing forces possess nuclear<strong>of</strong>fensive <strong>and</strong> defensive systems approximatelyequal in overall combat effectiveness.nuclear planning <strong>and</strong> execution-Worldwide<strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System applicationsystems that support strategic <strong>and</strong> tacticalnuclear planning, execution, termination, <strong>and</strong>reconstitution .Nuclear Planning System-A system composed <strong>of</strong>personnel, directives, <strong>and</strong> electronic data processingsystems to directly support theaternuclear combatant comm<strong>and</strong>ers in developing, ~~266
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> _1-<strong>02</strong>maintaining, <strong>and</strong> d_isseminating nuclear operationplans. .-:ate nuclear support; preplanned nuclearsupport.nuclear ~wer(*)-Not to be used without appro- ·nuclear --surface burst(*)-An explosion <strong>of</strong> apriate modifier. see also ciVil nuClear power; nuclear weapon at the surface <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> or water;major nuclear power; military nuclear pow- · or above the surface, at a height less than theer; nuclear nation; nuclear -weapons .state.. . __ ---·· maximum radius <strong>of</strong> the fireball. See also types<strong>of</strong> burst.nuclear radiation(*)-Paniculate ·<strong>and</strong> electromagneticradiation emitted from atomic nuclei in nuclear transmutation-Artificially inducedvarious nuclear processes~~--;-.- The iritportantnuclear radiations, from the weapon st<strong>and</strong>point,are-aipha: <strong>and</strong> beta particles, .. gamma rays, <strong>and</strong>modification (nuclear reaction) <strong>of</strong> the constituents<strong>of</strong> certain nuclei, thus giving rise to differentnuclides.neutrons ..·:All nuclear radiations are ionizingradiations, ·but the reverse is not true; X-rays nuclear underground burst(*)-The explosion <strong>of</strong>for example, are included among ionizing a nuclear weapon in which the center <strong>of</strong> theradiations, but they are not nuclear radiations detonation lies at a point beneath the surface <strong>of</strong>since they do not originate from atomic nuclei. the ground. See also types <strong>of</strong> burst.nuclear reactor.:. A faciliiY in which fissile materi-nuclear underwater burst(*)-The explosion j aal js, used :-i_n ~ self-supporting chain reaction ·. · nuclear weapon in which the center <strong>of</strong> ~te(nuclear fission) to produce heat <strong>and</strong>/or radia- ._detonation lies at a point beneath the surface <strong>of</strong>tion for both practical application <strong>and</strong> research --- the water. . See also types <strong>of</strong> burst.<strong>and</strong> development.nuclear vulnerability assessment(*)-The estimanuclearround-See complete-round..,.--tion <strong>of</strong> .the probable effect on population,forces, <strong>and</strong> resources from a hypotheticalnuclear attack. It is perfonned predominantlyin the preattack period; however, it may beextended to the transattack or postattack periods.nuclear safety line(*)-A line selected, if possible,to follow well-defmed topographical features-·<strong>and</strong> used to -delineate levels <strong>of</strong> protective measures,degrees <strong>of</strong> damage or risk to friendlytroops, <strong>and</strong>/or to prescribe limits t9. -~hich theeffects <strong>of</strong> friendly weapons· ma_yge ~~tt-~ toextend.nuclear warfare(*)-Warfare involving the employment<strong>of</strong> nuclear weapons. See also postattackperiod; tnmsattack period.nuclear stalemate-A concept which postulateS. asituation wherein the relative strength <strong>of</strong> oppos- ---· nuclear warning message-A warning messageing nuclear forces results in mutual deterrenCe ~ which must be disseminated to all affectedagainst employnient <strong>of</strong> nuclear forces.friendly forces any time a nuclear weapon is tobe detonated if effects <strong>of</strong> the weapon will havenuclear strike warning(*)-A warning <strong>of</strong> impend- impact upon those forces.irig friendly or suspected enemy nuclear attack.nuclear support-The use <strong>of</strong> nuclear weaponsagainst hostile forces in support <strong>of</strong> friendly air,l<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> naval operations. See also immedinuclearweapon(*)-A complete assembly (i.e.,implosion type, gun type, or thennonuclear·type), in its intended ultimate configurationwhich, upon completion <strong>of</strong> the prescribed267
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>arming, fusing, <strong>and</strong> firing sequence, is capable<strong>of</strong> producing the intended nuclear reaction <strong>and</strong>release <strong>of</strong> energy.nuclear weapon degradation-The degeneration<strong>of</strong> a nuclear warhead to such an extent that theanticipated nuclear. yield is lessened.nuclear weapon employment time(*)-The timerequired for delivery <strong>of</strong> a nuclear weap(>n afterthe decision to fire has been made.nuclear weapon exerclse(*)-An operation notdirectly related to immediate operational readiness.It includes removal <strong>of</strong> a weapon from itsnonnal storage location, preparing for use,delivery to an employment unit, <strong>and</strong> the movementin a ground training exercise, to includeloading aboard an aircraft or missile <strong>and</strong> returnto storage. It may include any or all <strong>of</strong> theoperations listed above, but does not includelaunching or flying operations. Typical exercisesinclude aircraft generation exercises,ground readiness exercises, ground tacticalexercises, <strong>and</strong> various categories <strong>of</strong> inspectionsdesigned to evaiJJate the capability <strong>of</strong> the unit toperform its prescribed mission. See alsoimmediate operational readiness; nuclearweapon maneuver.nuclear weapon maneuver(*)-An operation notdirectly related to immediate operational readiness.It may consist <strong>of</strong> all those operationslisted for a nuclear weapon exercise <strong>and</strong> isextended to include flyaway in combat aircraft,but does not include expenditure <strong>of</strong> the weapon.Typical maneuvers include nuclear operationalreadiness maneuvers <strong>and</strong> tactical aifoperations. See also immediate operationalreadiness; nuclear weapon exercise.nuclear weapon(s) accident-An unexpected eventinvolving nuclear weapons or radiologicalnuclear weapon components that results in any<strong>of</strong> the following; a. accidental or unauthorizedlaunching, firing, or use by United States268forces or United States supponed allied forces,<strong>of</strong> a nuclear-capable weapon system whichcould create the risk <strong>of</strong> an outbreak <strong>of</strong> war; b.nuclear detonation; c. nonnuclear detonation orburning <strong>of</strong> a nuclear weapon or radiologicalnuclear weapon component; d. radioactivecontamination; e. seizure, theft, loss, ordestruction <strong>of</strong> a nuclear weapon or radiologicalnuclear weapon component, including jettisoning;f. public hazard, actual or implied.nuclear weapoos state-See military nuclearpower.nuclear weapoos surety-Materiel, personnel, <strong>and</strong>procedures which contribute to the security,safety, <strong>and</strong> reliability <strong>of</strong> nuclear weaponsjto the assurance that there will be no nuclweapon accidents, incidents, unautho ·weapon detonations, or degradation in perfo -mance at the target.nuclear yields-The energy released in the detonation<strong>of</strong> a nuclear weapon, measured in terms <strong>of</strong>the kilotons or megatons <strong>of</strong> trinitrotoluenerequired to produce the same energy release.Yields are categorized as:very low-less than 1 kiloton.low-1 kiloton to 10 kilotons.medium-over ·10 kilotons to SO kilotons.bigh-over 50 kilotons to 500 kilotons.very bigb-over 500 killtons. See also nominalweapon; subkiloton weapon.nucleon-The common name for a constituentpanicle <strong>of</strong> the atomic nucleus. It is applied toprotons <strong>and</strong> neutrons, but it is intended toinclude any other panicle that is found to existin the nucleus.nuclide-All nuclear species, both stable (about270) <strong>and</strong> unstable (about 500), <strong>of</strong> the chemicalelements, as distinguished from the two ormore nuclear species <strong>of</strong> a single chemicalelement which are called isotopes.!~.
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>nudets-See nuclear detonation detection <strong>and</strong>reporting syst~•nuisance minefield(*)-A minefield laid to delay<strong>and</strong> disorganize the enemy <strong>and</strong> to hinder theuse <strong>of</strong> an area or route. See also minefield •number ••• in (out)(*)-In artillery, ter.m used toindicate a change in status <strong>of</strong> weapon numbernumbered beach-In amphibious operations, asubdivision <strong>of</strong> a colored beach, designated forthe assault l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> a battalion l<strong>and</strong>ing teamor similarly sized unit, when l<strong>and</strong>ed as pan <strong>of</strong>a larger force. See also colored beach.numbered fleet-A major tactical unit <strong>of</strong> the Navyimmediately subordinate to a major fleet comm<strong>and</strong><strong>and</strong> comprising various task· forces,elements, groups, <strong>and</strong> units for the purpose <strong>of</strong>prosecuting specific naval operations. See als<strong>of</strong>leet.Inumbered wave-See wave.numerical scale-See scale.269
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>... :\(INTENTIONALLY BLANK)270
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>·:objective(*)-The physical object <strong>of</strong> the actiontaken, e.g., a definite tactical feature, theseizure <strong>and</strong>/or holding <strong>of</strong> which is essential tothe comm<strong>and</strong>er's plan. See also target.objective area(*)-I. A defined geographical areawithin which is located an objective to becaptured or reached by the military forces.This area is defined by competent authority forpurposes <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 2.The city or other geographical location wherea civil disturbance is occurring or is anticipated,<strong>and</strong> where Federal Armed Forces are, ormay be, employed.objective force level-The level <strong>of</strong> military forcesthat needs to be attained within a finite timeframe <strong>and</strong> resource level to accomplish approvedmilitary objectives, missions, or tasks.See also military requirement.obligated reservist-An individual who bas astatutory requirement imposed by the <strong>Military</strong>Selective Service Act <strong>of</strong> 1967 or Section 65 1,Title 10 United States Code to serve on activeduty in the armed forces or to serve while noton active duty in a reserve componem for aperiod not to exceed that prescribed by theapplicable statute.oblique air photograph(*)-An air photographtaken with the camera axis directed between thehorizontal <strong>and</strong> vertical planes. Commonlyreferred to as an_"oblique": L High Oblique.One in which the apparent horizon appears, <strong>and</strong>b. Low Oblique. One in which the apparemhorizon does not appear.oblique air photograph strip-Photographic stripcomposed <strong>of</strong> oblique air photographs.obliquity-The characteristic in wide-angle oroblique photography which portrays the terrain0<strong>and</strong> objects at such an angle <strong>and</strong> range thatdetails necessary for interpretation are seriouslymasked or are at a very small scale, renderinginterpretation difficult or impossible.observation helicopter(*)-Helicopter used primarilyfor observation <strong>and</strong> reconnaissance, butwhich may be used for other roles.observation post(*)-A position from whichmilitary observations are made, or fire directed<strong>and</strong> adjusted, <strong>and</strong> which possesses appropriatecommunications; may be airborne.obse"ed rU"e(*)-Fire for which the point <strong>of</strong>impact or burst can be seen by an obserr.The fire can be controlled <strong>and</strong> adjusted on ebasis <strong>of</strong> observation. See also rU"e.observed fire procedures(*)-A st<strong>and</strong>ardizedprocedure for use in adjusting mdirect fire ona target.observer identification(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> navalgunfire suppon, the first element <strong>of</strong> a call forfire to establish communication <strong>and</strong> to identifythe o~server/spotter.obsen'er-target Une(*)-An imaginary straight linefrom the observer/spotter to the target. Seealso spottiDg line.observer-target range-The distance along animaginary straight line from the observer/spotterto the target.obstacle-Any obstruction designed or employed todisrupt, fix, turn, or block the movement <strong>of</strong> anopposing force, <strong>and</strong> to impose additional losses.in personnel, time, <strong>and</strong> equipment on theopposing force. Obstacles can exist naturallyor can be manmade, or can be a combination<strong>of</strong> both.271
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>obstacle belt-A brigade-level comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>control measure, normally given graphically, toshow where within an obstacle zone the groundtactical conun<strong>and</strong>er plans to limit friendlyobstacle employment <strong>and</strong> focus the defense. Itassigns ~ intent to the obstacle plan <strong>and</strong> providesthe necessary. guidance on the overalleffect <strong>of</strong> obstacles within a belt. · See alsoobstacle.obstacle restricted areas-A conun<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> controlmeasure used to limit the type or number <strong>of</strong>obstacles within an area. See also obstacle.obstacle zone-A division-level comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>control measure, normally done graphically, todesignate specific l<strong>and</strong> areas where lowerechelons are allowed to employ tactical obstacles.See also obstacle.obstructor(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a devicelaid with the sole object <strong>of</strong> obstructing ordamaging mechanical minesw=Jling equipment.occupation currency-See military currency.occupied territory-Territory under the authority<strong>and</strong> effective control <strong>of</strong> a belligerent annedforce. The term is not applicable to territorybeing administered pursuant to peace terms,treaty, or other agreement, express or implied,with the civil authority <strong>of</strong> the territory. Seealso dvil aft'airs agreement.ocean convoy(*)-A convoy whose voyage lies, ingeneral, outside the continental shelf. See alsoconvoy.ocean JDa.Difest(*)-A detailed listing <strong>of</strong> the entirecargo loaded into any one ship showing allpeninent data which will readily identify suchcargo <strong>and</strong> where <strong>and</strong> how the cargo is stowed.oceanography-The study <strong>of</strong> the sea, embracing<strong>and</strong> integrating all knowledge penaining to thesea <strong>and</strong> its physical boundaries, the chemistry<strong>and</strong> physics <strong>of</strong> seawater, <strong>and</strong> marine biology.ocean station sbip(*)-A ship assigned to operatewithin a specified area to provide severalservices, including search <strong>and</strong> rescue, meteorologicalinfonnation, navigational aid, <strong>and</strong>communications facilities.<strong>of</strong>l'easive counter air operation(*)-An operationmounted to destroy, disrupt, or limit enemy airpower as close to its source a5 possible.<strong>of</strong>feasive minefield(*)-ln naval mine warfare, aminefield laid in enemy territorial water orwaters under enemy control.<strong>of</strong>ficer in tactical comm<strong>and</strong>(*)-ln maritl.usage, the senior <strong>of</strong>ficer present eligibleassume comm<strong>and</strong>, or the <strong>of</strong>ficer to whomhas delegated tactical comm<strong>and</strong>.!'\' .<strong>of</strong>ficial information-Infonnation which is ownedby, produced for or by, or is subject to the .~control <strong>of</strong> the United States Government.<strong>of</strong>fset bombiag(*)-Any bombing procedure whichemploys a reference or aiming point other thanthe actual target.<strong>of</strong>fset distance (nuclear)-The distance the desiredground zero or actual ground zero is <strong>of</strong>fsetfrom the center <strong>of</strong> an area target or from apoint target.<strong>of</strong>fset point(*)-ln air interception, a point inspace relative to a target's flight path towardwhich an interceptor is vectored <strong>and</strong> fromwhich the final or a preliminary tum to attackheading is made.<strong>of</strong>fshore patrol(*)-A naval defense patrol operatingin the outer areas <strong>of</strong> navigable coastalwaters. It is a part <strong>of</strong> the naval local defenseforces consisting <strong>of</strong> naval ships <strong>and</strong> aircraft <strong>and</strong>272
..operates outside those areas assigned to theinshore patrol. · ~<strong>of</strong>T-the-shelf item-An item which has been developed<strong>and</strong> produced to military or commercialst<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>and</strong> specifications, is readily availablefor delivery from an industrial source, <strong>and</strong> maybe procured without change to satisfy a militaryrequirement.oller(*)-A naval or merchant tanker speciallyequipped <strong>and</strong> rigged for replenishing otherships at sea.on berth-Said <strong>of</strong> a ship when it is properlymoored to a quay, wharf, jetty, pier, or buoyor when it is at anchor <strong>and</strong> ~vailable for loadingor discharging passengers <strong>and</strong> cargo.on-caU-l. A term used to signify that a prearrangedconcentration, air strike, or fmal protectivefJ.I'e may be called for. 2. Preplanned,identified force or materiel requirements withoutdesignated time-phase <strong>and</strong> destinationinfonnation. Such requirements will be calledforward upon order <strong>of</strong> competent authority.See also call for fire; call mission.on-call resupply-A resupply mission plannedbefore insertion <strong>of</strong> a special operations teaminto the operations area but not executed untilrequested by the operating team. See alsoautomatic resupply; emergency resupply.on
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>separated by the .maximum effective width <strong>of</strong>the burst <strong>of</strong> the shell fired.open improved storage space-Open area whichhas been graded <strong>and</strong> bard surfaced or preparedwith topping· <strong>of</strong> some suitable material so as topermit effective material h<strong>and</strong>ling operations.See also storage.open route(*)-A route not subject to traffic ormovement control restrictions.open sheaf-The lateral djstribution <strong>of</strong> the fire <strong>of</strong>two or more pieces so that adjoining points <strong>of</strong>impact or points <strong>of</strong> burst are separated by themaximum effective width <strong>of</strong> burst <strong>of</strong> the typeshell being us~. See also converged sheaf;parallel sheaf; sheaf; special sheaf.opeu source intelligence-Information <strong>of</strong> potentialintelligence value that is available to the generalpublic. Also called OSINT. See alsointelligence.opm unimproved wet space-That water areaspecifically allotted to <strong>and</strong> usable for storage <strong>of</strong>floating equipment. See also storage.operatiDg forces-Those forces whose primarymissions are to participate in combat <strong>and</strong> theintegral supponing elements there<strong>of</strong>. See alsocombat forces; combat service support elements;combat support eltmmts.operatiDg level <strong>of</strong> supply-The quantities <strong>of</strong>materiel requirect-to sustain operations in theinterval between requisitions or the arrival <strong>of</strong>successive shipments. These quantities shouldbe based on the established replenishmentperiod (monthly. quanerly. etc.) See also level<strong>of</strong> supply.operation(*)-A military action or the carrying out<strong>of</strong> a strategic, tactical, service, training, oradministrative military mission; the process <strong>of</strong>carrying on combat, including movement,supply, attack, defense <strong>and</strong> maneuvers neededto gain the objectives <strong>of</strong> any battle or campaign.operational art-The employment <strong>of</strong> militaryforces to attain strategic <strong>and</strong>/or operationalobjectives through the design, organization, .integration, <strong>and</strong> conduct <strong>of</strong> strategies, campaigns,major operations, <strong>and</strong> battles. Operationalart translates the joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er'sstrategy into operational design, <strong>and</strong>, ultimately,tactical action, by integrating the key activitiesat all levels <strong>of</strong> war.operational cbaiD <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>(*)-The chain <strong>of</strong>comm<strong>and</strong> established for a particular operationor series <strong>of</strong> continuing operations. See alsoadministrative chain <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>; chainl<strong>of</strong>comm<strong>and</strong>.f\Ioperational characteristic:s-Those military characteristicswhich pertain primarily to the functionsto be performed by equipment, either(\alone or in conjunction with other equipment;e.g., for electronic equipment, operationalcharacteristics include such items as frequencycoverage, channeling, type <strong>of</strong> modulation, <strong>and</strong>character <strong>of</strong> emission.operational cootrol-Transferable comm<strong>and</strong>authority that may be exercised by comm<strong>and</strong>ersat any echelon at or below the level <strong>of</strong> combatantcomm<strong>and</strong>. Operational control is inherentin Combatant Comm<strong>and</strong> (comm<strong>and</strong> authority)aDd is the authority to perform those functions<strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> over subordinate forces involvingorganizing <strong>and</strong> employing comm<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong>forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives,<strong>and</strong> giving authoriwive direction necessary toaccomplish the mission. Operational controlincludes authoritative direction over all aspects<strong>of</strong> military operations <strong>and</strong> joint ttaining necessaryto accomplish missions assigned to thecomm<strong>and</strong>. Operational conuol should beexercised through the comm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>of</strong> subordinateorganizations; normally this authority is~f'274
:aexercised through. the Service componentcomm<strong>and</strong>ers. Operational control normallyprovides full authority to organize comm<strong>and</strong>s<strong>and</strong> forces <strong>and</strong> to employ those forces as thecomm<strong>and</strong>er in operational control considersnecessary to accomplish assigned missions.Operational control does not, in <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> itself,include authoriwive direction for logistics ormatters <strong>of</strong> administration, discipline, internalorganization, or unit training. Als~ calledOPCON. See also combatant comm<strong>and</strong>;combatant comm<strong>and</strong> (comm<strong>and</strong> authority);combatant comm<strong>and</strong>er; tactical control.operational control authority(*)-The navalcomm<strong>and</strong>er responsible within a specifiedgeographical area for the operational control <strong>of</strong>all maritime forces assigned to him <strong>and</strong> for thecontrol <strong>of</strong> movement <strong>and</strong> protection <strong>of</strong> allmerchant shipping under allied naval control.operational decontamination(*)-Decomaminarioncarried out by an individual <strong>and</strong>/or a unit,restricted to specific parts <strong>of</strong> operationallyessential equipment, materiel <strong>and</strong>/or workingareas, in order to minimize contact <strong>and</strong> transferhazards <strong>and</strong> to sustain operations. This mayinclude decontamination <strong>of</strong> the individualbeyond the scope <strong>of</strong> immediate decontamination,as well as decontamination <strong>of</strong> mission-essentialspares <strong>and</strong> limited terrain decontamination.See also decontaminadon; immediatedecontamination; thorough decontamination.operational documentation-Visual infonnationdocumenwion <strong>of</strong> activities to convey infonnationabout people;- places, <strong>and</strong> things. It isgeneral purpose documentation normally accomplishedin peacetime. Also calledOPDOC. See also visual information documentation.operational environment-A composite <strong>of</strong> theconditions, circumstances, <strong>and</strong> influences whichaffect the employment <strong>of</strong> military forces <strong>and</strong>bear on the decisions <strong>of</strong> the unit comm<strong>and</strong>er.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Some examples are: a. permissive environment-operationalenvironment in which hostcountry military <strong>and</strong> law enforcement agencieshave control <strong>and</strong> the intent <strong>and</strong> capability toassist operations that a unit intends to conduct.b. uncertain environment-operational environmentin which host government forces,whether opposed to or receptive to operationsthat a unit intends to conduct, do not havetotally effective control <strong>of</strong> the territory <strong>and</strong>population in the intended area <strong>of</strong> operations.c. hostile environment-operational environmentin which hostile forces have control <strong>and</strong>the intent <strong>and</strong> capability to effectively opposeor react to the operations a unit intends toconduct.operational evaluation-The test <strong>and</strong> analysis Ifa specific end item or system, ins<strong>of</strong>ar as prac -cable under Service operating conditions, norder to detennine if quantity production · swarranted considering: a. the increase inmilitary effectiveness to be gained; <strong>and</strong> b. itseffectiveness as compared with currently availableitems or systems, consideration beinggiven to: (1) personnel capabilities to maintain<strong>and</strong> operate the equipment; (2) size, weight,<strong>and</strong> location considerations; <strong>and</strong> (3) enemycapabilities in the field. See also teclmicalevaluation.operational iDtelligence-lntelligence that isrequired for planning <strong>and</strong> conducting campaigns<strong>and</strong> major operations to accomplishstrategic objectives _within theaters or areas <strong>of</strong>operations. See also intelligence; tacticalintelligence; strategic intelligence.operational level <strong>of</strong> war-The level <strong>of</strong> war atwhich campaigns <strong>and</strong> major operations areplanned, conducted, <strong>and</strong> sustained to accomplishstrategic objectives within theaters orareas <strong>of</strong> operations. Activities at this level linktactics <strong>and</strong> strategy by establishing operationalobjectives needed to accomplish the strategicobjectives, sequencing events to achieve the275
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>operational objec~!ves, initiating actions, <strong>and</strong>applying resources to bring about <strong>and</strong> sustainthese events. These activities imply a broaderdimension <strong>of</strong> time or space than do tactics; theyensure the logistic <strong>and</strong> administrative suppon <strong>of</strong>tactical forces, <strong>and</strong> provide the means by whichtactical successes are exploited to achievestrategic objectives. See also strategic level <strong>of</strong>war; tactical level <strong>of</strong> war.operationally ready-1. As applied to a unit,ship, or weapon system-Capable <strong>of</strong> performingthe missions or functions for which organizedor designed. Incorporates both equipmentreadiness <strong>and</strong> personnel readiness. 2. Asapplied to personnel-Available <strong>and</strong> qualified toperform assigned missions or functions.operational missUe(*)-A missile which bas beenaccepted by the using services for tactical<strong>and</strong>/or strategic use.operational procedures(*)-The detailed methodsby which headquaners <strong>and</strong> units carry out theiroperational wks.operational readiness(*)-The capability <strong>of</strong> aunit/formation, ship, weapon system or equi~ment to perfonn the missions or functions forwhich it. is organized or designed. May beused in a general sense or to express a level or .degree <strong>of</strong> readiness. See also combat readiness.operational readiness evaluation(*)-An evaluation<strong>of</strong> the operational capability <strong>and</strong> effectiveness<strong>of</strong> a unit or any ponion there<strong>of</strong>.operational requirement-See military requirement.operational reserve(~)-An emergency reserve <strong>of</strong>men <strong>and</strong>/or material established for the suppon<strong>of</strong> a specific operation. See also reservesupplies.operational route(*)-L<strong>and</strong> route allocated to acomm<strong>and</strong> for the conduct <strong>of</strong> a specific operation;derived from the corresponding basicmilitary route network.operational testing-A continuing process <strong>of</strong>evaluation which may be applied to eitheroperational personnel or situations to detenninetheir validity or reliability.operational traiDiug(*)-Training that develops,maintains, or improves the operational readiness<strong>of</strong> individuals or units.operation &DDexes-Those amplifying instructionswhich are <strong>of</strong> such a nature, or are so voluminousor technical, as to make their inclusion inthe body <strong>of</strong> the plan or order undesira;Jie.operation exposure guide-The maximum amo t<strong>of</strong> nuclear radiation which the co rconsiders a unit may be permitted to receivewhile performing a particular mission or missions.operation ma~A map showing the location <strong>and</strong>strength <strong>of</strong> friendly forces involved in anoperation. It may indicate predicted movement<strong>and</strong> lOcation <strong>of</strong> enemy forces. See also map.operation order-.A directive issued by a comm<strong>and</strong>erto subordinate comm<strong>and</strong>ers for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> effecting the coordinated execution<strong>of</strong> an operation. Also called OPORD.operation plaD-Any plan, except for the SingleIntegrated Operation Plan, for the conduct <strong>of</strong>military operations. Plans are prepared bycombatant comm<strong>and</strong>ers in response to requirementsestablished by the Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff <strong>and</strong> by comm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>of</strong> subordinatecomm<strong>and</strong>s in response to requirementstasked by the establishing unified comm<strong>and</strong>er.Operation plans (OPLANs) are prepared ineither a complete format <strong>of</strong> an OPLAN or as aconcept plan (CONPLAN). a. OPLAN. An/"\276
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0loperation plan for. the conduct <strong>of</strong> joint operationsthat can be· used as a basis for development<strong>of</strong> an operation order (OPORD). AnOPLAN identifies the forces ·<strong>and</strong> suppliesrequired to execute the CINC's Strategic Concept<strong>and</strong> a movement schedule <strong>of</strong> these resourcesto the theater <strong>of</strong> operations. The forces <strong>and</strong>supplies are identified in time-phased forcedeployment data (TPFDD) files. OPLANs willinclude all phases <strong>of</strong> the tasked operation. Theplan is prepared with the appropriate annexes,appendixes, <strong>and</strong> TPFDD files as described inthe <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> ExecutionSystem manuals containing planning policies,procedures, <strong>and</strong> formats. Also called OPLAN.b. CONPLAN. An operation plan in anabbreviated format that would require considerableexpansion or alteration to conven it intoan OPLAN or OPORD. A CONPLAN containsthe CINC's Strategic Concept <strong>and</strong> thoseannexes <strong>and</strong> appendixes deemed necessary bythe combatant comm<strong>and</strong>er to complete planning.Generally, detailed suppon requirementsare not calculated <strong>and</strong> TPFDD files are notprepared. Also called CONPLAN.operations center-The facility or location on aninstallation, base, or facility 'used by the comm<strong>and</strong>erto comm<strong>and</strong>, control, <strong>and</strong> coordinateall crisis activities. See also base defenseoperations center; comm<strong>and</strong> center.operations research-The analytical study <strong>of</strong>military problems undenaken to provide responsiblecomm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> staff agencies witha scientific basis for decision on action toimprove military -operations. Also known asoperational research; operations analysis.operations security-A process <strong>of</strong> identifyingcritical information <strong>and</strong> subsequently analyzingfriendly actions attendant to military operations<strong>and</strong> other activities to: a. Identify those actionsthat can be observed by adversary intelligencesystems. b. Determine indicators hostileintelligence systems might obtain that could beinterpreted or pieced together io derive criticalinformation in time to be useful to adversaries.c. Select <strong>and</strong> execute measures that eliminateor reduce to an acceptable level the wlnerabilities<strong>of</strong> friendly actions to adversary exploitation.Also called OPSEC. See also comm<strong>and</strong><strong>and</strong> control warfare; operations securityindicators; operations security. measures;operations security planning guidance; operationssecurity vulnerability.operations security indicators-Friendly detectableactions <strong>and</strong> open-source information thatcan be interpreted or pieced together by anadversary to derive critical information.operations security measures-Methods <strong>and</strong>means to gain <strong>and</strong>. maintain essential secr~yabout critical information. The follow gcategories apply: a. action control-The obj -tive is to eliminate indicators or the wlnera ity <strong>of</strong> actions to exploitation by adversaryintelligence systems. Select what actions toundenake; decide whether or not to executeactions; <strong>and</strong> determine the "who," "when,""where," <strong>and</strong> "how" for actions necessary toaccomplish tasks. b. countermeasures-Theobjective is· to disrupt effective adversaryinfonnation gathering or prevent their recognitionl>f indicators when collected materials areprocessed. Use diversions, camouflage, concealment,jamming, threats, police powers, <strong>and</strong>force against adversary information gathering<strong>and</strong> processing capabilities. c. counteranaly-·sis-The objective is to prevent accurate interpretations<strong>of</strong> indicators during adversary analysis<strong>of</strong> collected materials. This is done byconfusing the adversary analyst through deceptiontechniques such as covers.operations security planning guidance-Guidancethat serves as the blueprint for OPSEC plan~Ding by all functional elements throughout theorganization. It defmes the critical informationthat requires protection from adversary appreciations,taking into account friendly <strong>and</strong> adver-277
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>sary goals, estimat~ key adversary questions,probable adversary knowledge, desirable <strong>and</strong>harmful adversary appreciations, <strong>and</strong> peninentintelligence system threats. It also shouldoutline provisional operations security measuresto ensure the requisite essential secrecy.operations security vulnerability-A condition inwhich friendly actions provide operationssecurity indicators that may be obtained <strong>and</strong>accurately evaluated by an adversary in time toprovide a basis for effective adversary decisiomnaking.OPLAN-See operation plan.OPORD-See operation order.opportune Hft-That ponion <strong>of</strong> lift capabilityavailable for use after planned requirementshave been met.opportuDity target-See target <strong>of</strong> opportuDity.opposite numbers-Officers (including foreign)having corresponding duty assignments withintheir respective <strong>Military</strong> Services or establishments.OPSEC-See operations security.optical axis(*)-ln a lens element, the straight linewhich passes through the centers <strong>of</strong> curvature<strong>of</strong> the lens surfaces. In an optical system, theline formed by the coinciding principal axes <strong>of</strong>the series <strong>of</strong> optical elements.optical l<strong>and</strong>iDg system-A shipboard gyrostabilizedor shore-based device which indicatesto the pilot displacement from a preselectedglide path. See also ground controlled approachprocedure.optical minehuntiog(*)-The use <strong>of</strong> an opticalsystem (e.g., television or towed diver) todetect <strong>and</strong> classify mines or minelike objects onor protruding from the seabed.optimum height(•)-The height <strong>of</strong> an explosionwhich will produce the maximum effect againsta given wget.optimum height <strong>of</strong>burst(*)-For nuclear weapons<strong>and</strong> for a panicular wget (or area), the heightat which it is estimated a weapon <strong>of</strong> a specifiedenergy yield will produce a certain desiredeffect over the maximum possible area.orange comm<strong>and</strong>er(*)-The <strong>of</strong>ficer designated toexercise operational control over orange forcesfor a specific period during an exercise.oranges (sour)-ln air intercept, a code meanin!,"Weather is unsuitable for aircraft mission."oranges (sweet)-ln air intercept, a code meaning,"Weather is suitable for aircraft mission."orbital iqjection-The process <strong>of</strong> providing aspace vehicle with sufficient velocity to establishan orbit.orbit determiDation-The process <strong>of</strong> describingthe past, present, or predicted position <strong>of</strong> asatellite in terms <strong>of</strong> orbital parameters.orbiting-In air intercept, means circling, or circle<strong>and</strong> search.orbit poiDt(*)-A geographically or electronicallydefmed location used in stationing aircraft inflight during tactical operations when a predeterminedpattern is not established. See alsoholding point.order(*)-A communication, written, oral, or by ·signal, which conveys instructions from asuperior to a subordinate. (<strong>DOD</strong>) In a broadsense, the terms "order" <strong>and</strong> "comm<strong>and</strong>" aresynonymous. However, an order impliesI~~~278
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0ldiscretion as to the details <strong>of</strong> execution whereasa comm<strong>and</strong> does not.·:order <strong>and</strong> shipping time-The time elapsingbetween the initiation <strong>of</strong> stock replenishmentaction for a specific activity <strong>and</strong> the receipt bythat activity <strong>of</strong> the materiel resulting from suchaction. Order <strong>and</strong> shipping time is applicableonly to materiel within the supply system, <strong>and</strong>it is composed <strong>of</strong> the distinct elements, ordertime, <strong>and</strong> shipping time. See also. level <strong>of</strong>supply.order <strong>of</strong> battle(*)-The identification, strength,comm<strong>and</strong> structure, <strong>and</strong> disposition <strong>of</strong> thepersonnel, units, <strong>and</strong> equipment <strong>of</strong> any militaryforce.order time-1. The time elapsing between theinitiation <strong>of</strong> stock replenishment action <strong>and</strong>submittal <strong>of</strong> requisition or order. 2. The timeelapsing between the submittal <strong>of</strong> requisition ororder <strong>and</strong> shipment <strong>of</strong> materiel by the supplyingactivity. See also order <strong>and</strong> shippiDgtime.ordiDary priority-A category <strong>of</strong> immediatemission request which is lower than "urgentpriority" but takes precedence over "search <strong>and</strong>attack priority," e.g., a target which is delayinga unit's advance but which is not causingcasualties. See also immediate mission request;priority <strong>of</strong> immediate mission requests.ordiDary tnmsport(*)-ln railway terminology, aload whose size, weight or preparation does notentail special difficulties vis-a-vis the facilitiesor equipment <strong>of</strong> the railway systems to beused. See also exceptional tnmsport.ordnance-Explosives, chemicals, pyrotechnics,<strong>and</strong> similar stores, e.g., bombs, guns <strong>and</strong>ammunition, flares, smoke, napalm.organic-Assigned to <strong>and</strong> forming an essential pan<strong>of</strong> a military organization. Organic pans <strong>of</strong> aunit are those listed in its table <strong>of</strong> organizationfor the Army, Air Force, <strong>and</strong> Marine Corps,<strong>and</strong> are assigned to the administrative organizations<strong>of</strong> the operating forces for the Navy.organizational equipment-Referring to method<strong>of</strong> use, signifies that equipment, other thanindividual equipment, which is used in furtherance<strong>of</strong> the common mission <strong>of</strong> an organizationor unit. See also equipment.organizational maintenance-That maintenancewhich is the responsibility <strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> performed bya using organization on its assigned equipment.Its phases normally consist <strong>of</strong> inspecting,servicing, lubricating, adjusting, <strong>and</strong> the replacing<strong>of</strong> parts, minor usemblies, <strong>and</strong> subass[blies.organization for embarkation-In amphib usoperations, the administrative grouping <strong>of</strong> thel<strong>and</strong>ing force for the overseas movement. Itincludes, in any vessel or embarkation group,the task organization that is established forl<strong>and</strong>ing as well as additional forces embarkedfor purposes <strong>of</strong> transport, labor, or for distributionto achieve a maximum <strong>of</strong> security.organization for l<strong>and</strong>ing-In amphibious operations,the specific tactical grouping <strong>of</strong> thel<strong>and</strong>ing force for the assault.organization <strong>of</strong> the ground(*)-The development<strong>of</strong> a defensive position by strengthening thenatural defenses <strong>of</strong> the terrain <strong>and</strong> by assignment<strong>of</strong> the occupying troops to specific localities.origin-Beginning point <strong>of</strong> a deployment whereunit or non-unit-related cargo or personnel arelocated.original destination(*)-ln naval control <strong>of</strong> shipping,the original fmal destination <strong>of</strong> a convoy279
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>or an individual: -ship (whether in convoy orindependent). This is particularly applicable tothe original destination <strong>of</strong> a voyage begun inpeacetime.origiDal negative-See generation (photography).origiDal positive-See generation (photography).originating medical facility(•)-A medical facilitythat initially transfers a patient to anothermedical facility.origillator-The comm<strong>and</strong> by whose authority amessage is sent. The responsibility <strong>of</strong> theoriginator includes the responsibility for thefunctions <strong>of</strong> the drafter <strong>and</strong> the releasing <strong>of</strong>ficer.See also drafter; releasing <strong>of</strong>ficer.Orion-A four-engine, turboprop, all-weather,long-range, l<strong>and</strong>-based antisubmarine aircraft.It is capable <strong>of</strong> carrying a varied assorunent <strong>of</strong>search radar, nuclear depth charges, <strong>and</strong> homingtorpedoes. It can be used for search,patrol, hunter-killer, <strong>and</strong> convoy escon operations.Designated as P-3. Electronic attackversion is designated EP-3.oropesa sweep(•)-In naval mine warfare, a form<strong>of</strong> sweep in which a length <strong>of</strong> sweep wire istowed by a single ship, lateral displacementbeing caused by an otter <strong>and</strong> depth beingcontrolled at the ship end by a kite <strong>and</strong> at theother end by a float <strong>and</strong> float wire.orthomorpbic projci:tion(•)-A projection inwhich the scale,_ although varying throughoutthe map, is the ·same in all directions at anypoint, so that very small areas are representedby correct shape <strong>and</strong> bearings are correct.oscillating · mine(•)-A mine, hydrostaticallycontrolled, which maintains a pre-set depthbelow the surface <strong>of</strong> the water independently <strong>of</strong>the rise <strong>and</strong> fall <strong>of</strong> the tide. See also mine.OSINT -See open source intelligence.other activity-In the Air Force, a unit or activitythat has little or no real propeny accountabilityover the real estate it occupies. Examplesinclude active, Guard, or reserve Air Forceuni&s that are located on installations belongingto other Services or leased <strong>of</strong>fice space thatsuppons recruiting detachments, Civil AirPatrol, etc. See also installation complex;uuvor installation; minor installation; supportsite.other war reserve materiel requirement-Thislevel consists <strong>of</strong> the war reserve materielrequirement less the pre-positioned war reservemateriel requirement.other' war reserve materiel requirement. b (_ •ance-That ponion <strong>of</strong> the other war rese~emateriel requirement which has not been acquiredor funded. This level consists <strong>of</strong> theother war reserve materiel requirement less theother war reserve materiel requirement protectable.other war reserve materiel requirement, protectable-Theportion <strong>of</strong> the other war reservemateriel requirement which is protected forpurposes <strong>of</strong> procurement, funding, <strong>and</strong> inventorymanagement.other war reserve stock-The quantity <strong>of</strong> an itemacquired <strong>and</strong> placed in stock against the otherwar reserve materiel requirement.otter(•)-In naval mine warfare, a device which,when towed, displaces itself sideways to apredetermined distance.outbound traffic-Traffic originating in continentalUnited States destined for overseas oroverseas traffic moving in a general directionaway from continental United States.280
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0louter fiX-A fix in the destination terminal area,other than the approach fiX, to which aircraftare normally cleared by an air route trafficcontrol center or a terminal area traffic controlfacility, <strong>and</strong> from which aircraft are cleared tothe approach fix or fmal approach course.outer l<strong>and</strong>ing ship areas-In amphibious operations,areas to which l<strong>and</strong>ing ships proceedinitially after their arrival in the objective area.They are usually located on the flanks <strong>of</strong> theouter transpon areas.outer tnmsport area-In amphibious operations,an area inside the antisubmarine screen towhich assault transpons proceed initially afterarrival in the objective area. See also imlertnmsport area; tnmsport area.outline map(*)-A map which represents justsufficient geographic information to pennit thecorrelation <strong>of</strong> additional data placed upon it.outline plan(*)-A preliminary plan which outlinesthe salient features or principles <strong>of</strong> a course <strong>of</strong>action prior to the initiation <strong>of</strong> detailed planning.OV-10-See Bronco.over(*)-ln anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire suppon, aspotting, or an observation, used by a spotteror an observer to indicate that a burst(s) occurredbeyond the wget in relation to thespotting line.overhaul-The restoration <strong>of</strong> an item to a completelyserviceable condition as prescribed bymaintenance serviceability st<strong>and</strong>ards. See alsorebuild; repair.overhead clearance(*)-The venical distancebetween the route surface <strong>and</strong> any obstructionabove it.overlap-1. In photography, the amount by whichone photograph includes the same area coveredby another, customarily expressed as a percentage.The overlap between successive airphotographs on a flight line is called "forwardoverlap." The overlap between photographs inadjacent parallel flight lines is called "sideoverlap." 2. In canography, that ponion <strong>of</strong> amap or chan which overlaps the area coveredby another <strong>of</strong> the same series. 3. In navalmine warfare, the width <strong>of</strong> that pan <strong>of</strong> theswept path <strong>of</strong> a ship or formation which is alsoswept by an adjacent sweeper or formation oris reswept on the next adjacent lap.overlap tell(*)-The transfer <strong>of</strong> information to anadjacent facility concerning tracks detected inthe adjacent facility's area <strong>of</strong> responsibility.See also track telliDg. !overlap zone-A designated area on each sid <strong>of</strong>a boundary between adjacent tactical air con olsystems wherein coordination <strong>and</strong> interactionbetween the systems is required.overlay(*)-A printing or drawing on a transparentor semi-transparent medium at the same scaleas a map, chan, etc., to show details notappearing or requiring special emphasis on theoriginal.overpressure(*)-The pressure resulting from theblast wave <strong>of</strong> an explosion. It is referred to as"positive" when it exceeds attnospheric pressure<strong>and</strong> "negative" during the passage <strong>of</strong> thewave when resulting pressures are less thanaunospheric pressure.overprint(*)-lnformation printed or s~ upona map or chan, in addition to that originallyprinted, to show data <strong>of</strong> importance or specialuse.overseas-All locations, including Alaska <strong>and</strong>Hawaii, outside the continental United States.281
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>overseas search <strong>and</strong>. rescue region-Overseasunified conun<strong>and</strong> areas (or Pc>rtions there<strong>of</strong> not~eluded_ within the inl<strong>and</strong> region or the maritimeregion). See also search <strong>and</strong> rescueregion.•over the beach operations-See logistics over tbeshore operations. ·:over-the-horizon amphibious operations-Anoperational initiative launched from beyondvisual <strong>and</strong> fldar range <strong>of</strong> the sborel~e.over-the-horizon radar-A radar system thatmakes use <strong>of</strong> the annospheric reflection 8ndrefraction phenomena to extend its range <strong>of</strong>detection beyond line <strong>of</strong> sight. Over-the-hori-·'zon radars may be either forward scatter orback scatter systems.over-the-shoulder bombing-A special case <strong>of</strong> l<strong>of</strong>tbombing where the bOmb is released past thevenical in order that the bomb 'may be thrown .back to the target. See also l<strong>of</strong>t bombing; tossbombing.tovert operation-An operatiog conducted openly,without concealment. See also cl<strong>and</strong>estineoperation; covert operation.282
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>pP-3-See Orion.pace(*)-For ground forces, the speed <strong>of</strong> a columnor element regulated to maintain a prescribedaverage speed.pace setter(•)-An individual, selected by thecolumn conun<strong>and</strong>er, who travels in. the leadvehicle or element to regulate the column speed<strong>and</strong> establish the pace necessary to meet therequired movement order.packaged forces-Forces <strong>of</strong> varying size <strong>and</strong>composition preselected for specific missions inorder to facilitate planning <strong>and</strong> training.packaged petroleum product-A petroleumproduct (generally a lubricant, oil, grease, orspecialty item) nonnally packaged by a manufacturer<strong>and</strong> procured, stored, transponed, <strong>and</strong>issued in containers having a fill capacity <strong>of</strong> 55United States gallons (or 45 Imperial gallons,or 205 liters) or less.padding-Extraneous text added to a message forthe purpose <strong>of</strong> concealing its beginning, ending,or length.pallet(•)-A flat base for combining stores orcarrying a single item to fonn a unit load forh<strong>and</strong>ling, transponation, <strong>and</strong> storage by materialsh<strong>and</strong>ling equipment.palletized unit load(*)-Quantity <strong>of</strong> any item,packaged or unPackaged, which is arranged ona pallet in a specified manner <strong>and</strong> securelystrapped or fastened thereto so that the wholeis h<strong>and</strong>led as a unit.pan-In air intercept, a code meaning the callingstation has a very urgent message to transmitconcerning the safety <strong>of</strong> a ship, aircraft, orother vehicle, or <strong>of</strong> some person on board orwithin sight.pancake-In air intercept, a code meaning,"L<strong>and</strong>," or, "I wish to l<strong>and</strong>" (reason may bespecified; e.g., "pancake anuno," "pancakefuel").panel code(*)-A prearranged code designed forvisual communications, usually between friendlyunits, by making use <strong>of</strong> marking panels.See also marking panel.panoramic camera(•)-I. In aerial photography,a camera which, through a system <strong>of</strong> movingoptics or mirrors, scans a wide area <strong>of</strong> theterrain, usually from horizon to horizon. ~e .camera may be mounted venically or obli elywithin the aircraft, to scan across or alon theline <strong>of</strong> flight. 2. In ground photography, acamera which photographs a wide expanse <strong>of</strong>terrain by rotating horizontally about the venicalaxis through the center <strong>of</strong> the camera lens.parachute deployment height(*)-The heightabove the intended impact point at which theparachute or parachutes are fully deployed.paradrop(*)-Delivery by parachute <strong>of</strong> personnelor cargo from an aircraft in flight.parallactic angle(*)-Angle fonned by the opticalaxes <strong>of</strong> two instruments, for example, a telescope<strong>and</strong> its viewfinder seeing the same object.See also angle <strong>of</strong> convergence.parallax difference(•)-The difference in displacement<strong>of</strong> the top <strong>of</strong> an object in relation to itsbase, as measured on the two images <strong>of</strong> theobject on a stereo pair <strong>of</strong> photographs.parallel cbaiDs <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>-In amphibiousoperations, a parallel system <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>,283
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>responding to the · interrelationship <strong>of</strong> Navy,l<strong>and</strong>ing force, Air Force, <strong>and</strong> other majorforces assigned, wherein corresponding com-. m<strong>and</strong>ers are established at each subordinatelevel <strong>of</strong> all components to facilitate coordinatedplanning for, <strong>and</strong> execution <strong>of</strong>, the amphibiousoperation.parallel classification(*)-In railway terminology,the classification <strong>of</strong> ordinary transpon militaryvehicles <strong>and</strong> equipment, based on a comparativestudy <strong>of</strong> the main characteristics <strong>of</strong> thosevehicles <strong>and</strong> equipment <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> those <strong>of</strong> theordinary flat wagons <strong>of</strong> a corresponding categoryonto which they can be loaded.parallel sheaf-In anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresuppon, a sheaf in which the planes (lines) <strong>of</strong>fire <strong>of</strong> all pieces are parallel. See also convergedsheaf; open sheaf; sheaf; specialsheaf.parallel staff(*)-A staff in which one <strong>of</strong>ficerfrom each nation, or Service, working inparallel is appointed to each post. See alsocombined staff; integrated statT; joint statT.paramilitary forces-Forces or groups which aredistinct from the regular anned . forces <strong>of</strong> anycountry, but resembling them in organization,_equipment, training, or mission.paraphrase-To change the phraseology <strong>of</strong> amessage without changing its meaning.pararescue team-Specially trained personnelqualified to penetrate to the site <strong>of</strong> an incidentby l<strong>and</strong> or parachute, render medical aid,accomplish survival methods, <strong>and</strong> rescue survivors.parlimentaire-An agent employed by a comm<strong>and</strong>er<strong>of</strong> belligerent forces in the field to goin person within the enemy lines for the purpose<strong>of</strong> communicating or negotiating openly<strong>and</strong> directly with the enemy comm<strong>and</strong>er.parrot-Identification Friend or Foe transponderequipment.partial mission capable-Material condition <strong>of</strong> anaircraft or training device indicating that it can, perfonn at least one but not all <strong>of</strong> its missions.Also called PMC. See also full mission capable;mission capable; partial mission capable,maintenance; partial mission capable, supply.partial mission capable, maintenance-Materialcondition <strong>of</strong> an aircraft or training deviceindicating that it can perfonn at least one butnot all <strong>of</strong> its missions because <strong>of</strong> maintenancerequirements existing on the inoperable subsystem(s).Also called PMCM. See also fullmission capable; mission capable; partifmission capable; partial mission capablsupply.partial mission capable, supply-Material condition<strong>of</strong> an aircraft or training device indicatingit can perform at least one but not all <strong>of</strong> itsmissions because maintenance required to clearthe discrepancy cannot continue due to a supplyshonage. Also called PMCS. See also fullmission capable; mission capable; partialmission capable; partial mission capable,mainteDaDce.partial mobilization-See mobilization.partial storage monitoring-A periodic inspection<strong>of</strong> major assemblies or components for nuclearweapons, consisting mainly <strong>of</strong> exte~ observation<strong>of</strong> humidity, temperatures, <strong>and</strong> visualdamage or deterioration during storage. Thistype <strong>of</strong> inspection is also conducted prior to<strong>and</strong> upon completion <strong>of</strong> a movement.partisan warfare-Not to be used. See guerrillawarfare.part number-A combination <strong>of</strong> numbers, letters,<strong>and</strong> symbols assigned by a designer, a manu-284
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>facturer, or vendor to identify a specific pan oritem <strong>of</strong> materiel. ·. :pass-1. A short tactical run or dive by an aircraftat a wget. 2. A single sweep through orwithin firing range <strong>of</strong> an enemy air formation.passage <strong>of</strong> lines(*)-An operation in which a forcemoves forward or rearward through anotherforce's combat positions with the intention <strong>of</strong>moving into or out <strong>of</strong> contact with the. enemy.passenger mile-One passenger transported onemile. For air <strong>and</strong> ocean transport, use nauticalmiles; for rail, highway, <strong>and</strong> inl<strong>and</strong> waterwaytransport in the Continental United States, usestatute miles.passive(•)-ln surveillance, an adjective applied toactions or equipments which ·emit no energycapable <strong>of</strong> being detected.passive air defense(*)-All measures, other thanactive air defense, taken to minimize the effectiveness<strong>of</strong> hostile air action. These measuresinclude deception, dispersion, <strong>and</strong> the use <strong>of</strong>protective construction. See also air defense.passive communications satellite-See communicationssatellite.passive defense-Measures taken to reduce theprobability <strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> to minimize the effects <strong>of</strong>damage ·caused by hostile action without theintention <strong>of</strong> taking the initiative. See alsoactive defeuse.-passive homiDg guidance(*)-A system <strong>of</strong> homingguidance wherein the receiver in the missileutilizes radiation from the target. See alsoguidance.passive mine(*)-1. A mine whose anticounterminingdevice has been operated preventing thefiring mechanism from being actuated. Themine will usually remain passive for a compar-atively short time. 2. A mine which does notemit a signal to detect the presence <strong>of</strong> a target,in contrast to an active mine. See also activemine.pass time(*)-ln road transport, the time thatelapses between the moment when the leadingvehicle <strong>of</strong> a column passes a given point <strong>and</strong>the moment when the last vehicle passes thesame point.password(*)-A secret word or distinctive soundused to reply to a challenge. See also cballeuge;countersign; reply.pathf"mder drop zone control-The communication<strong>and</strong> operation center from which pathfindersexercise aircraft guidance.pathrmder l<strong>and</strong>ing zone control-See pathrm1erdrop zone control.pathfinders-!. Experienced aircraft crews wholead a formation to the drop zone, releasepoint, or target. 2. Teams dropped or airl<strong>and</strong>ed at an objective to establish <strong>and</strong> operatenavigational aids for the purpose <strong>of</strong> guidingaircraft to drop <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing zones. 3. A radardevice used for navigating or homing to anobjective when visibility prec~udes accuratevisual navigation. 4. Teams air delivered intoenemy territory for the purpose <strong>of</strong> determiningthe best approach <strong>and</strong> withdrawal lanes, l<strong>and</strong>ingzones, <strong>and</strong> sites for helicopterbome forces.patient-A sick, injured, wounded, or other personrequiring medical/dental care or treannent.patrol(*)-A detachment <strong>of</strong> ground, sea, or airforces sent out for the purpose <strong>of</strong> gatheringinformation or carrying out a destructive,harassing, mopping-up, or security mission.See also combat air patrol; combat patrol;reconnaissance patrol; st<strong>and</strong>ing patrol.285
11<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>pattern bombing-The systematic covering <strong>of</strong> atarget area with bombs unifonnly distributedaccording to a plan.pattern layiDg(*)-ln l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare, thelaying <strong>of</strong> mines in a fixed relationship to eachother.payload(*)-I. The sum <strong>of</strong> the weight <strong>of</strong> passengers<strong>and</strong> cargo that an aircraft can carry. Seealso load. 2. The warhead, its container9 <strong>and</strong>activating devices in a military missile. 3.The satellite or research vehicle <strong>of</strong> a spaceprobe or research missile. 4. The load (expressedin tons <strong>of</strong> cargo or equipment, gallons<strong>of</strong> liquid9 or number <strong>of</strong> passengers) which the. vehicle is designed to transpon under specifiedconditions <strong>of</strong> operation, in addition to its unladenweight.payload build-up (missDe <strong>and</strong> space)-The processby which the scientific instrumentation(sensors, detectors, etc.) <strong>and</strong> necessary me~cbanical <strong>and</strong> electronic subassemblies areassembled into a complete operational packagecapable <strong>of</strong> achieving the scientific objectives <strong>of</strong>the mission.payload integratiou (missDe <strong>and</strong> space)-Thecompatible installation <strong>of</strong> a complete payloadpackage into the spacecraft <strong>and</strong> space vehicle.payload (missDe)-See payload, Part 2.P-day-That point in time at which the rate <strong>of</strong>production <strong>of</strong> an item available for militaryconsumption equals the rate at which the itemis required by the Armed 'Forces.peacetime force materiel assets-That portion <strong>of</strong>total materiel assets which is designated to meetthe peacetime force materiel requirement. Seealso war reserves.peacetime force materiel requiremeut-Thequantity <strong>of</strong> an item required to equip, provide286a materiel pipeline, <strong>and</strong> sustain the UnitedStates force structure (active <strong>and</strong> reserve) <strong>and</strong>those allied forces designated for United Statespeacetime suppon in current Secretary <strong>of</strong>Defense guidance, including approved supplysuppon arrangements with foreign militarysales countries9 <strong>and</strong> suppon the scheduledestablishment through normal appropriation <strong>and</strong>procurement leadtime periods.peacetime materiel coosumption <strong>and</strong> losses-Thequantity <strong>of</strong> an item consumed, lost, orworn-out beyond economical repair throughnormal appropriation <strong>and</strong> procurement leadtimeperiods.peak overpressure(*)-The maximum value <strong>of</strong>Ioverpressure at a given location which is generallyexperienced at the instant the shock (orblast) wave reaches that location. See alsoshock wave.pecuniary liability-A personal, joint9 or corporatemonetary obligation to make good anylost, damaged, or destroyed property resultingfrom fault or neglect. It may also result underconditions stipulated in a contract or bond.pencil beam(*)-A searchlight beam reduced to,or set at, its minimum width.peuetration(*)-ln l<strong>and</strong> operations, a fonn <strong>of</strong><strong>of</strong>fensive which seeks to break through theenemy's defense <strong>and</strong> disrupt the defensivesystem.penetration aids-Techniques <strong>and</strong>/or devicesemployed by <strong>of</strong>fensive aerospace weaponsystems to increase the probability <strong>of</strong> penetration<strong>of</strong> enemy defenses.penetration (air tramc control)-That portion <strong>of</strong>a published high altitude instrument approachprocedure which prescribes a descent path fromthe fix on which the procedure is based to a fix111111111111111(~I(----
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lor altitude from :·which an approach to theairpon is made .._~-penetration (intelliience)-The recruitment <strong>of</strong>agents within or the infiltration <strong>of</strong> agents ortechnical monitoring devices in an organizationor group for the purpose <strong>of</strong> acquiring infonnationor <strong>of</strong> influencing its activities.percentage clearance(•)-ln mine warfare, theestimated percentage <strong>of</strong> mines <strong>of</strong> specifiedcharacteristics which have been cleared from anarea or channel.perception management-Actions to convey<strong>and</strong>/or deny selected infonnation <strong>and</strong> indicatorsto foreign audiences to influence their emotions,motives, <strong>and</strong> objective reasoning; <strong>and</strong> tointelligence systems <strong>and</strong> leaders at all levels toinfluence <strong>of</strong>ficial estimates, ultimately resultingin foreign behaviors <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>ficial actions favorableto the originator's objectives. In variousways, perception management combines ·truthprojection, operations security, cover <strong>and</strong>deception, <strong>and</strong> psychological operations. Seealso psychological operatious.perimeter defense-A defense without an exposedflank, consisting <strong>of</strong> forces deployed along theperimeter <strong>of</strong> the defended area.periodic intelligence summary-A repon <strong>of</strong> theintelligence situation in a tactical operation,normally produced at corps level or its equivalent,<strong>and</strong> higher, usually at intervals <strong>of</strong> 24hours, or as directed by the comm<strong>and</strong>er. Alsocalled PERINTS11M.peripheral war-Not to be used.war.See limitedperishable cargo-Cargo requiring refrigeration,such as meat, fruit, fresh vegetables, <strong>and</strong>medical department biologicals. See alsocargo.perishable target-A force or activity at a specificlocation whose value as .a wget can decreasesubstantially during a specified time. A significantdecrease in value occurs when the wgetmoves or the operational circumstances changeto the extent that the wget is no longer lucrative.See also target.permafrost-Permanently frozen subsoil.permanent echo(•)-Any dense <strong>and</strong> fiXed radarreturn caused by reflection <strong>of</strong> energy from theEarth's surface. Distinguished from "groundclutter" by being from defmable locationsrather than large areas.permissive action link-A device included in orattached to a nuclear weapon system to precludeanning <strong>and</strong>/or launching until the i;,tion <strong>of</strong> a prescribed discrete code or comb· -tion. It may include equipment <strong>and</strong> cab ngexternal to the weapon or weapon syste toactivate components within the weapon orweapon system.permissive environment-See operational environment.Pershing-A mobile surface-to-surface ineniallyguided missile <strong>of</strong> a solid propellant type. Itpossesses a nuclear warhead capability <strong>and</strong> isdesigned to suppon the ground forces with theattack <strong>of</strong> long range ground wgets. Designatedas MGM-31A.persistenc:y(•)-In biological or chemical warfare,the characteristic <strong>of</strong> an agent which pertains tothe dur•ion <strong>of</strong> its effectiveness under determinedconditions after its dispersal.personal locator beacon(•)-An emergency radiolocator beacon with a two-way speech facilitycarried by crew members, either on theirperson or in their survival equipment, <strong>and</strong>capable <strong>of</strong> providing homing signals to assist287
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>search <strong>and</strong> rescue ()perations. See also crashlocator beacon; emergency locator beacon.products used by the Anned Forces.called POL.Als<strong>of</strong>\,penonal property-Propeny <strong>of</strong> any kind or anyinterest therein, except real propeny, records<strong>of</strong> the Federal Government, <strong>and</strong> naval vessels<strong>of</strong> the following categories: surface combatants,support ships, <strong>and</strong> submarines.personnel-Those individuals required in ~ither amilitary or civilian capacity to accomplish theassigned mission.penonnel increment number-A seven-character,alphanumeric field that uniquely describes anon-unit-related personnel entry (line) in a <strong>Joint</strong>Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution Systemtime-phased force <strong>and</strong> deployment data. Alsocalled PIN.penonnel reaction time (nudear)(•)-The timerequired by personnel to take prescribed protectivemeasures after receipt <strong>of</strong> a nuclear strikewarning.penonnel security investigation-An inquiry intothe activities <strong>of</strong> an individual which is designedto develop pertinem information penaining totrustworthiness <strong>and</strong> suitability for a position <strong>of</strong>trust as related to loyalty, character, emotionalstability, <strong>and</strong> reliability.penpective grid(•)-A network <strong>of</strong> lines, drawn orsuperimposed on a photograph, to represent theperspective <strong>of</strong> a systematic network <strong>of</strong> lines onthe ground or datum plane.petroleum intersectional service(•)-An intersectionalor interzonal service in a theater <strong>of</strong>operations that operates pipe-lines <strong>and</strong> relatedfacilities for the supply <strong>of</strong> bulk petroleumproducts to theater Army elemems <strong>and</strong> otherforces as directed.petroleum, oils, <strong>and</strong> lubricants(•)-A broad termwhich includes all petroleum <strong>and</strong> associatedPhalanx-A close-in weapons system providingautomatic, autonomous terminal defense againstthe anti-ship cruise missile threat. The systemincludes self-contained search <strong>and</strong> track radars,weapons control, <strong>and</strong> a 20-mm M61 gun firingsub-caliber penetrators.Phantom D-A twin-engine, supersonic, multipurpose,all-weather jet fighter/bomber. It vperatesfrom l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> aircraft caniers <strong>and</strong> employsboth air-to-air <strong>and</strong> air-to-surface weapons.The Phantom is a prime air interdiction/closeair support <strong>and</strong> fleet defense vehicle.Special missions such as laser bombing, electronicbombing, <strong>and</strong> radar bombing are cons~·ered routine capabilities. It is capableemploying nuclear <strong>and</strong> nonnuclear weapoDesignated as F-4. RF-4 is the photo-reconaissance version.phantom order-A draft contract with an industrialestablisbmem for wartime production <strong>of</strong> aspecific product with provisions for necessarypreplanning in time <strong>of</strong> peace <strong>and</strong> for immediateexecution <strong>of</strong> the contract upon receipt <strong>of</strong> properauthority.phase Une(•)-A line utilized for control <strong>and</strong>coordination <strong>of</strong> military operations, usually aterrain feature extending across the zone <strong>of</strong>action. See also report line.phases <strong>of</strong> military goverument-1. assault-Thatperiod which commences with fust contact withcivilians ashore <strong>and</strong> extends to the establishment<strong>of</strong> military government control ashore bythe l<strong>and</strong>ing ·force. 2. consolidation-Thatperiod which commences with the establishment<strong>of</strong> military government control ashore bythe l<strong>and</strong>ing force <strong>and</strong> extends to the establish·ment <strong>of</strong> control by occupation forces. 3.occupation-That period which commenceswhen an area has been occupied in fact, <strong>and</strong>288
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0l-~ .the military comnl<strong>and</strong>er within that area is in aposition to enforce public safety <strong>and</strong> order.See also dvil affairs; military occupation.Phoenix-A long-range air-to-air missile withelectronic guidance/homing. Designated asAIM-S4A.phonetic alphabet-A list <strong>of</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ard words usedto identify letters in a message transmitted byradio or telephone. The following· are theauthorized words, listed in order, for eachletter in the alphabet: ALFA, BRAVO, CHARLIE, DELTA, ECHO, FOXTROT, GOLF,HOTEL, INDIA, JULIETT, KILO, LIMA,NITKE,NOVEMBER,OSCAR,PAPA,QUEBEC, ROMEO, SIERRA, TANGO, UNIFORM, VICTOR, WHISKEY, X-RAY, YANKEE, <strong>and</strong> ZULU.phoney minefield(*)-An area free <strong>of</strong> live minesused to simulate a minefield, or section <strong>of</strong> aminefield, with the object <strong>of</strong> deceiving theenemy. See also gap, minefield.PHOTINT -See photographic intelligence.phot<strong>of</strong>lash bomb(*)-A bomb de5igned to producea brief <strong>and</strong> intense illumination for mediumaltitude night photography.phot<strong>of</strong>lash cartridge(*)-A pyrotechnic cartridgedesigned to produce a brief <strong>and</strong> intense illuminationfor low altitude night photography.mission or a series <strong>of</strong> missions or in a period<strong>of</strong> time. Coverage, in this sense, conveys theidea <strong>of</strong> availability <strong>of</strong> photography <strong>and</strong> is not asynonym for the word "photography."photographic intelligence-The collected products<strong>of</strong> photographic interpretation, classified <strong>and</strong>evaluated for intelligence use. Also calledPHOTINT.photographic interpretation-See imagery interpretation.photographic panorama-A continuous photographor an assemblage <strong>of</strong> overlapping obliqueor ground photographs which have beenmatched <strong>and</strong> joined together to form a continuousphotographic representation <strong>of</strong> the area.photographic reading(*)-The simple recogniion<strong>of</strong> natural or manmade features from ph tographsnot involving imagery interpreta ontechniques.photographic scale(*)-The ratio <strong>of</strong> a distancemeasured on a photograph or mosaic to thecorresponding distance on the ground, classifiedas follows:a. very large scale-1:4,999 <strong>and</strong> larger.b. barge scale-1:5,000 to 1:9,999.c. medium scale-1:10,000 to 1:24,999.d. small scale-1:25,000 to 1:49,999.e. very small scale-1:50,000 <strong>and</strong> smaller.See also scale.photogrammetric control(*)-Control establishedby photogrammetric methods as distinguishedfrom control established by ground methods.Also called minor control.photogrammetry(*)-The science or art <strong>of</strong> obtainingreliable measurements from photographicimages.photographic coverage-The extent to which anarea is covered by photography from onephotographic sortie-See imagery sortie.photographic strip(*)-Series <strong>of</strong> successive overlappingphotographs taken along a selectedcourse or direction.photo interpretation key-See imagery interpretationkey.photomap(*)-A reproduction <strong>of</strong> a photograph orphotomosaic upon which the grid lines, margin-289
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>al data, contours, place names, boundaries, <strong>and</strong>other data may be added ..photo nadir(*)-The point at which a venical linethrough the perspective center <strong>of</strong> the cameralens intersects the photo plane.physical characteristics-Those military characteristics<strong>of</strong> equipment which are primarily physicalin nature, such as weight, shape, volume,water-pro<strong>of</strong>mg, <strong>and</strong> sturdiness. ·pUlbox(*)-A small, low fonification that housesmachine guns, antitank weapons, etc. A pillboxis usually made <strong>of</strong> concrete, steel, or filleds<strong>and</strong>bags.pilot's trace(*)-A rough overlay to a map madeby the pilot <strong>of</strong> a photographic reconnaissanceaircraft during or immediately after a sonie. Itshows the location, direction, number, <strong>and</strong>order <strong>of</strong> photographic runs made, together withthe camera(s) used on each run.(\physical security(*)-That pan <strong>of</strong> security concernedwith physical measures designed tosafeguard personnel; to prevent unauthorizedaccess to equipment, installations, material, <strong>and</strong>documents; <strong>and</strong> to safeguard them againstespionage, sabotage, damage, <strong>and</strong> theft. Seealso communications security; protectivesecurity; security.pictomap-A topographic map in which the photographicimagery <strong>of</strong> a st<strong>and</strong>ard mosaic has· beenconvened into interpretable colors <strong>and</strong> symbolsby means <strong>of</strong> a pictomap process.pictorial symbolization(*)-The use <strong>of</strong> symbolswhich convey the visual character <strong>of</strong> the featuresthey represent.PID-See plan identification number.pier-1. A structure extending into the waterapproximately perpendicular to a shore or abank <strong>and</strong> providing berthing for ships <strong>and</strong>which may also provide cargo-h<strong>and</strong>ling facilities.2. A structure extending into the waterapproximately perpendicular to a shore or bank<strong>and</strong> providing a promenade or place for otheruse, as a fishing pier. 3. A suppon for thespans <strong>of</strong> a bridge. See also quay; wharf.pigeon-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Themagnetic bearing <strong>and</strong> distance <strong>of</strong> base (or unitindicated) from you is _ degrees __miles."PIN-See penonnel increment number.pinpoint(*)-1. A precisely identified point,.especially on the ground, that locates a verysmall target, a reference point for rendezvousor for other purposes; the coordinates ~define this point. 2. The ground position oaircraft determined by direct observation <strong>of</strong> thground.pinpoint pbotograpb(*)-A single photograph ora stereo pair <strong>of</strong> a specific object or target. ~pinpoint target(*)-ln anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresuppon, a target less than SO meters in diameter.pipeline(*)-ln logistics, the channel <strong>of</strong> suppon ora specific ponion there<strong>of</strong> by means <strong>of</strong> whichmateriel or personnel flow from sources <strong>of</strong>procurement to their point <strong>of</strong> use.pltcb(*)-1. The rotation <strong>of</strong> an aircraft or shipabout its lateral axis. 2. In air photography,the· camera rotation about the transverse axis <strong>of</strong>the aircraft. Also called tip.pitch angle(*)-The ·angle between the aircraft'slongitudinal axis <strong>and</strong> the horizontal plane.Also called inclination angle.plan for l<strong>and</strong>ing-In amphibious operations, acollective term referring to all individuallyprepared naval <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing force documents290
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>which, taken together, present . in detail allinstructions for execution <strong>of</strong> the ship-to-shoremovement.plan identification number-1. A comm<strong>and</strong>-uniquefour-digit number followed by asuffiX indicating the <strong>Joint</strong> Strategic CapabilitiesPlan (JSCP) year for which the plan is written,e.g., "2220-95·". 2. In the <strong>Joint</strong> OperationPlanning <strong>and</strong> Execution System (JOPES) database, a five-digit number representing thecomm<strong>and</strong>-unique four-digit identifier, followedby a one character, alphabetic suffix indicatingthe operation plan option, or a one-digit numbernumeric value indicating the JSCP year forwhich the plan is written. Also called PID.plaDimetric ma~A map representing only thehorizontal position <strong>of</strong> features. Sometimescalled a line map. See also map.plan iDformation ·capability-This capabilityallows a supported comm<strong>and</strong> to enter <strong>and</strong>update key elements <strong>of</strong> infonnation in anoperation plan stored in the <strong>Joint</strong> OperationPlanning <strong>and</strong> Execution System.pl&DDed target(*)-In artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresupport, a wget on which fire is prearranged.planned target (nuclear)-A nuclear wgetplanned on an area or point in which a need isanticipated. A planned nuclear wget may bescheduled or on call. Firing data for a plannednuclear wget may or may not be determined inadvance. Coordination <strong>and</strong> warning <strong>of</strong> friendlytroops <strong>and</strong> airc~ are m<strong>and</strong>atory.planning directive-In amphibious operations, theplan issued by conun<strong>and</strong>er, amphibious taskforce, following receipt <strong>of</strong> the initiating directive,to ensure that the planning process <strong>and</strong>interdependent plans developed by the amphibioustask force headquaners <strong>and</strong> assigned majorforces will be coordinated, the plan completedin the time allowed, <strong>and</strong> imponant aspects notoverlooked.planning factor(*)-A multiplier used in planningto estimate the amount <strong>and</strong> type <strong>of</strong> effort involvedin a contemplated operation. Planningfactors are <strong>of</strong>ten expressed as rates. r~tios. orlengths <strong>of</strong> time.planograph-A scale drawing <strong>of</strong> a storage areashowing the approved layout <strong>of</strong> the area.location <strong>of</strong> bulk, bin, rack, <strong>and</strong> box palletareas, aisles, assembly areas, walls, doorways,directions <strong>of</strong> storage, <strong>of</strong>fice space, wash rooms,<strong>and</strong> other support <strong>and</strong> operational areas.plan position indicator(*)-A cathode ray tube onwhich radar returns are so displayed as to bearthe same relationship to the transmitter as theobjects giving rise to them. fplant equipment-Personal property <strong>of</strong> a 4iwnature, consisting <strong>of</strong> equipment, furniture,vehicles, machine tools, test equipment, <strong>and</strong>accessory <strong>and</strong> auxiliary items, but excludingspecial tooling <strong>and</strong> special test equipment, usedor capable <strong>of</strong> use in the manufacture <strong>of</strong> suppliesor for any administrative or general plantpurpose.plastic range(*)-The stress range in which amaterial will not fail when subjected to theaction <strong>of</strong> a force, but will not recover completelyso that a permanent defonnation resultswhen the force is removed.plastic zone(*)-The region beyond the rupturezone associated with crater formation resultingfrom an explosion in which there is no visiblerupture, but in which the soil is permanentlydeformed <strong>and</strong> compressed to a high density.See also rupture zone.plate(*)-1. In cartography: a. a printing plate <strong>of</strong>zinc, aluminum, or engraved copper; b. collectivetenn for all "states" <strong>of</strong> an engraved map291
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>reproduced from ·the same engraved printingplate; c. all detail to appear on a map or chartwhich will be reproduced from a single printingplate (e.g., the "blue plate" or the "contourplate"). 2. In photography, a transparentmedium, usually glass, coated with a photographicemulsion. See also diapositive; tnmsparency.platform drop(*)-The airdrop <strong>of</strong> load~ platfonnsfrom rear loading aircraft with rollerconveyors. See also airdrop; airdrop plat·form.plot(*)-1. Map, chan, or graph representing data<strong>of</strong> any son. 2. Representation on a diagramor chan <strong>of</strong> the position or course <strong>of</strong> a target intenns <strong>of</strong> angles <strong>and</strong> distances from positions;location <strong>of</strong> a position on a map or a chan. 3.The visual display <strong>of</strong> a single location <strong>of</strong> anairborne object at a panicular instant <strong>of</strong> time.4. A ponion <strong>of</strong> a map or overlay on which aredrawn the outlines <strong>of</strong> the areas covered by oneor more photographs. See also master plot.point designation grid(*)-A system <strong>of</strong> lines,having no relation to the actual scale, or orientation,drawn on a map, chan, or air photographdividing it into squares so that points canbe more readily located.point <strong>of</strong> impact(*)-1. The point on the dropzone where the first parachutist or air droppedcargo item l<strong>and</strong>s or is expected to l<strong>and</strong>. 2.The. point at which a projectile, bomb, orre-entry vehicle impacts or is expected toimpact.point <strong>of</strong> no return(*)-A point along an aircrafttrack beyond which its endurance will notpennit return to its own or some other associatedbase on its own fuel supply.point target-1. A target <strong>of</strong> such small dimensitthat it requires the accurate placement <strong>of</strong> ornance in order to neutralize or destroy it.nuclear-A target in which the ratio <strong>of</strong> radius<strong>of</strong> damage to target radius is equal to or greaterthan s.PMC-See partial mission capable. point target (nuclear)-See point target, Part l.PMCM-See partial mission capable, mainte.oance.PMCS-See partial mission capable, supply.POD-See port <strong>of</strong> debarkation.POE-See port <strong>of</strong> embarkation.pogo-In air intercept, .a code meaning, "Switch tocommunications channel number preceding'pogo.' If unable to establish communications,switch to channel number following 'pogo.' "point defease-The defense or protection <strong>of</strong> specialvital elements <strong>and</strong> installations; e.g.,comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> comrol facilities, air bases.point to point sealift-The movement <strong>of</strong> troops<strong>and</strong>/or cargo in <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>nucleus or commercial shipping between establisbedports, in administrative l<strong>and</strong>ings orlogistics over the shore operations. See alsoadmiuistrative l<strong>and</strong>ing; administrative movement;logistics over the shore operations.poised mine(*)-A mine in which the ship countersetting has been run down to "one" <strong>and</strong> whichis ready to detonate at the next actuation. See·also mine.POL-See petroleum, oils, <strong>and</strong> lubricants.polar coordiDates(*)-1. Coordinates derivedfrom the distance <strong>and</strong> angular measurer::!'ntsfrom a ftxed point (pole). 2. In anillery ~;ndnaval gunfire suppon, the direction, distance,292
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0l<strong>and</strong> vertical correction from the observer/spotterpos~tion to the target.Polaris-An underwater/surface-launched, surface-to-surface,solid-propellant ballistic missilewith inertial guidance <strong>and</strong> nuclear warhead.Designated as UGM-27.UGM-27A-1,200 nautical mile range.UGM-27B-1,500 nautical mile range.UGM-27C-2,500 nautical mile range.polar plot(*)-The method <strong>of</strong> locating a target orpoint on the map by means <strong>of</strong> polar coordinates.political intelligence-Intelligence concerningforeign <strong>and</strong> domestic policies <strong>of</strong> govenunents<strong>and</strong> the activities <strong>of</strong> political movements.political warfare-Aggressive use <strong>of</strong> politicalmeans to achieve national objectives.politico-military gaming-Simulation <strong>of</strong> situationsinvolving the interaction <strong>of</strong> political, military,sociological, psychological, economic, scientific,<strong>and</strong> other appropriate factors.pool-1. To maintain <strong>and</strong> control a supply <strong>of</strong>resources or personnel upon which other activitiesmay draw. The primary purpose <strong>of</strong> a poolis to promote maximum efficiency <strong>of</strong> use <strong>of</strong> thepooled resources or personnel, e.g., a petroleumpool, a labor <strong>and</strong> equipment pool. 2.Any combination <strong>of</strong> resources which serves acommon purpose.popeye-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Inclouds or area <strong>of</strong> reduced visibility."port-A place at which ships may discharge orreceive their cargoes. It includes any portaccessible to ships on the seacoast, navigablerivers or inl<strong>and</strong> waterways. The term "ports"should not be used in conjunction with airfacilities which are designated as aerial ports,airports, etc. See also control port; indoctri-nation port; 1118jor port; minor port; secondaryport; water terminal.port capacity(*)-The estimated capacity <strong>of</strong> a portor an anchorage to clear cargo in 24 hoursusually expressed in tons. See also beachcapacity; clearance capacity.port eomplex(*)-A port complex comprises one·or more pon areas <strong>of</strong> varying importancewhose activities are geographically linked eitherbecause these areas are dependent on a commoninl<strong>and</strong> transport system or because theyconstitute a common initial destination forconvoys.port desigDator(*)-A group <strong>of</strong> letters identifyingports in convoy titles or messages.port evacuation <strong>of</strong> cargoes(*)-The removal~<strong>of</strong>cargoes from a threatened pon to alterna vestorage sites.port evacuation <strong>of</strong> sbippiog(*)-The movement <strong>of</strong>merchant ships from a threatened port for theirown protection.port <strong>of</strong> debarkation-The geographic point atwhich cargo or personnel are discharged. Maybe a seapon or aerial pon <strong>of</strong> debarkation. Forunit requirements, it may or may not coincidewith the destination." Also called POD. Seealso port <strong>of</strong> embarkation.port <strong>of</strong> embarkation-The geographic point in arouting scheme from which cargo or personneldepart. May be a seapon or aerial pon fromwhich personnel <strong>and</strong> equipment flow to port <strong>of</strong>debarkation. For unit <strong>and</strong> nonunit requirements,it may or may not coincide with theorigin. Also called POE. See also port <strong>of</strong>debarkation.port security(*)-The safeguarding <strong>of</strong> vessels,harbors, ports, waterfront facilities <strong>and</strong> carg<strong>of</strong>rom internal threats such as: destruction, loss,293
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>or injury from sabotage or other subversiveacts; accidents; thefts; or other causes <strong>of</strong> similarnature. See also harbor defeuse; physicalsecurity; security.P08-See primary operatiog stocks.Poseidon-A two-stage, solid propellant ballisticmissile capable <strong>of</strong> being launched from aspecially configured submarine ope~ing ineither its surface or submerged mode. Themissile is equipped with inenial guidance,nuclear warheads, <strong>and</strong> a maneuverable bus thathas the capability to carry up to 14 reentrybodies which can be directed to as many as 14separate wgets. Designated as UGM-73A.positional defeuse-Sce position defease.position clefease(*)-The type <strong>of</strong> defense in whichthe bulk <strong>of</strong> the defending force is disposed inselected tactical localities where the decisivebattle is to be fought. Principal reliance isplaced on the ability <strong>of</strong> the forces in the defendedlocalities to maintain their positions <strong>and</strong>to control the terrain between them. Thereserve is used to add depth, to block, orrestore the battle position by counterattack.positive control-A method <strong>of</strong> airspace controlwhich relics on positive identification, tracking,<strong>and</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> aircraft within an airspace,conducted with electronic means by an agencyhaving the authority <strong>and</strong> responsibility therein.positive identification <strong>and</strong> radar advisoryzone-A specified .area established for identification<strong>and</strong> flight following <strong>of</strong> aircraft in thevicinity <strong>of</strong> a fleet-defended area.positive phase <strong>of</strong> the shock wave-The periodduring which the pressure rises very sharply toa value that is higher than ambient <strong>and</strong> thendecreases rapidly to the ambient pressure. Seealso negative phase <strong>of</strong> the shock wave; shockwave.294possible-A term used to qualify a statement madeunder conditions wherein some evidence existsto suppon the statement. This evidence issufficient to warrant mention, but insufficientto warrant assumption as true. See also probable.postattack period-In nuclear warfare, that periodwhich extends from the termination <strong>of</strong> the finalattack until political authorities agree to terminatehostilities. See also post-hostilities period;tnmsattack period.post hostilities period-That period subsequent tothe date <strong>of</strong> ratification by political authorities <strong>of</strong>agreements to terminate hostilities.poststrike reconnaissauc:e-Missions undenak1for the purpose <strong>of</strong> gathering informationto measure results <strong>of</strong> a strike.pounce-In air intercept, a code meaning, "I am inposition to engage wget."PPI gauge-See intematiooalloacliDg gauge.practice mine(*)-1. In l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare, aninert mine to which is fitted a fuze <strong>and</strong> a deviceto indicate, in a non-lethal fashion, that thefuze has been activated. See also mine. 2. Innaval mine warfare, an incn-filled mine butcomplete with assembly, suitable for instruction<strong>and</strong> for practice in preparation. See also driUmine.prearranged fire(*)-Fire that is fonnally plarmed<strong>and</strong> executed against targets or wget areas <strong>of</strong>known location. Such fire is usually plarmedwell in advance <strong>and</strong> is executed at a predeterminedtime or during a predetennined period <strong>of</strong>time. See also fire; on call; scheduled fU"e.preassault operation-In amphibious operations,an operation conducted in the amphibiousobjective area before the assault phase begins.,I\.·~
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>... .precautionary launch-The launching <strong>of</strong> nuclearloaded aircraft under imminent nuclear attackso as to preclude ·friendly aircraft destruction<strong>and</strong> loss <strong>of</strong> weapons on the ground/carrier.precursor sweeping(*)-The sweeping <strong>of</strong> an areaby relatively safe means in order to reduce therisk to mine countermeasures vessels in subsequentoperations.precedence-1. communications-A designationassigned to a message by the originator toindicate to communications personnel therelative order <strong>of</strong> h<strong>and</strong>ling <strong>and</strong> to the addresseethe order in which the message is to be noted.2. reconnaissance-A letter designation, assignedby a unit requesting several reconnaissancemissions, to indicate the relative order <strong>of</strong>importance, within an established priority, <strong>of</strong>the mission requested. See also flash message;immediate message; priority message; routinemessage.precession-See apparent precession; induc:edprecession; real precession.precise frequency-A frequency requirementaccurate to within one part in 1,000,000,000.precise time-A time requirement accurate towithin 10 milliseconds.precision approach-An approach in which range,azimuth, <strong>and</strong> glide slope information are providedto the pilot. See also final approach;nonpredsion approach.precision bombing-Bombing directed at a specificpoint wget.precursor front(*)-An air pressure wave whichmoves ahead <strong>of</strong> the main blast wave for somedistance as a re5ult <strong>of</strong> a nuclear explosion <strong>of</strong>appropriate yield <strong>and</strong> low burst height over aheat-absorbing (or dusty) surface. The pressureat the precursor front increases moregradually than in a true (or idea,) shock wave,so that the behavior in the precursor region issaid to be nonideal.predicted rlft(*)-Fire that is delivered withoutadjusanent.predominant height(*)-ln air reconnaissance, theheight <strong>of</strong> S 1 percent or more <strong>of</strong> the structureswithin an area <strong>of</strong> similar surface material.preemptive attack-An attack initiated on thebasis <strong>of</strong> incontrovertible evidence that anenemy attack is imminent.preemptive war-Not to be used. See preemptiveattack.prellightinspedion-See before-Oightinspecti+.preillitiation-The initiation <strong>of</strong> the fJSSion Jmreaction in the active material <strong>of</strong> a nuclearweapon at any time earlier than that at whicheither the designed or the maximum compressionor degree <strong>of</strong> assembly is attained.prelancliDg operatioos-ln amphibious operations,operations conducted between the commencement<strong>of</strong> the assault phase <strong>and</strong> the commencement<strong>of</strong> the ship-to-shore movement by themain body <strong>of</strong> the amphibious task force. Theyencompass similar preparations conducted bythe advanced force but focus on the l<strong>and</strong>ingarea, concentrating specifically on the l<strong>and</strong>ingbeaches <strong>and</strong> the helicopter l<strong>and</strong>ing zones to beused by the main l<strong>and</strong>ing force. Prel<strong>and</strong>ingoperations also encompass fmal preparationsfor the ship-to-shore movement.pre-launch survivability-The probability that adelivery <strong>and</strong>/or launch vehicle will survive anenemy attack under an established condition <strong>of</strong>warning ..295
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>preliminary communications search-In search<strong>and</strong> rescue operations, consists <strong>of</strong> contacting<strong>and</strong> checking major facilities within the areaswhere the craft might be or might have beenseen. A preliminary communications search isnormally conducted during the uncertaintyphase. Also called PRECOM. See alsoextended communicatioos search; search <strong>and</strong>rescue inddent classification, Subpart a.preliminary demolition target(•)-A target, otherthan a reserved demolition wget, which iseannarked for demolition <strong>and</strong> which can beexecuted immediately after preparation, providedthat prior authority has been granted. Seealso demolition target; reserved demolitiontarget.preliminary movement schedule-A projection <strong>of</strong>the routing <strong>of</strong> movement requirements reflectedin the time-phased force <strong>and</strong> deployment data,from origin to destination, including identification<strong>of</strong> origins, pons <strong>of</strong> embarkation, pons <strong>of</strong>debarkation, <strong>and</strong> en route stops; associated timeframes for arrival <strong>and</strong> depanure at each location;type <strong>of</strong> lift assets required to accomplishthe move; <strong>and</strong> cargo details by carrier. Schedulesare sufficiently detailed to support comparativeanalysis <strong>of</strong> requirements against capabilities<strong>and</strong> to develop location workloads forreception <strong>and</strong> onward movement.preload loading(•)-The loading <strong>of</strong> selected itemsaboard ship at one port prior to the main loading<strong>of</strong> the ship at another. See also loading.-premature dud-see Dare dud.preparation rll'e(•)-Fire delivered on a targetpreparatory to an assault. See also fire.preplanned air support(•)-Air support in accordancewith a program, planned in advance <strong>of</strong>operations. See also air support.preplanned mission request-A request for an airstrike on a target which can be anticipatedsufficiently in advance to permit detailed missioncoordination <strong>and</strong> planning.preplaoned nuclear support-Nuclear supponplanned in advance <strong>of</strong> operations. See alsoimmediate nuclear support; nuclear support.preposition(•)-To place military units, equipment,or supplies at or near the point <strong>of</strong>planned use or at a designated location toreduce reaction time, <strong>and</strong> to ensure timelysupport <strong>of</strong> a specific force during initial phases<strong>of</strong> an operation.prepositioned war reserve materiel requirement,balance-That portion <strong>of</strong> the pre-positioned wfreserve materiel requirement which has n tbeen acquired or funded. This level consiststhe pre-positioned war reserve materiel requir -ment, less the prepositioned war reserve requirement,protectable.prepositioned war reserve materiel requirement,protectable-That portion <strong>of</strong> the pre-positionedwar reserve materiel requirement which isprotected for purposes <strong>of</strong> procurement, funding<strong>and</strong> inventory management.. preposltioned war reserve requirement-Thatportion <strong>of</strong> the war reserve materiel requirementwhich the current Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense guidancedictates be reserved <strong>and</strong> positioned at ornear the point <strong>of</strong> planned use or issue to theuser prior to hostilities to reduce reaction time<strong>and</strong> to assure timely support <strong>of</strong> a specificforce/project until replenishment can be effected.preposltioned war ~e stock-The assets thatare designated to satisfy the prepositioned warreserve materiel requirement.prescribed nuclear load(•)-A specified quantity<strong>of</strong> nuclear weapons to be carried by a delivery296
..unit. The establishment <strong>and</strong> replenishment <strong>of</strong>this load after each expenditure is a comm<strong>and</strong>decision <strong>and</strong> is dependent upon the tacticalsituation, the nuclear logistical situation, <strong>and</strong>the capability <strong>of</strong> the unit to transpon <strong>and</strong> utilizethe load. It may vary from day to day <strong>and</strong>among similar delivery units.prescribed nuclear stockage(•)-A specifiedquantity <strong>of</strong> nuclear weapons, components <strong>of</strong>nuclear weapons, <strong>and</strong> warhead test equipmentto be stocked in special ammunition supplypoints or other logistical installations. Theestablishment <strong>and</strong> replenishment <strong>of</strong> this stockageis a comm<strong>and</strong> decision <strong>and</strong> is dependentupon the tactical situation, the allocation, thecapability <strong>of</strong> the logistical suppon unit to store<strong>and</strong> maintain the nuclear weapons, <strong>and</strong> thenuclear logistical situation. The prescribedstockage may vary from time to time <strong>and</strong>among similar logistical suppon units.preset guidance-A technique <strong>of</strong> missile eontrolwherein a predetermined flight path is set intothe control mechanism <strong>and</strong> cannot be adjustedafter launching. See also guidance.Presidential Selected Reserve Callup Authority-Provision<strong>of</strong> a public law that provides thePresident a means to activate not more than200,000 members <strong>of</strong> the Selected Reserve for90 days to meet the suppon requirements <strong>of</strong>any operational mission without a declaration<strong>of</strong> a national emergency. It further grants thePresident authority to extend the original 90days for an additional 90 days in the interest<strong>of</strong> national security. This authority has particularutility when used in circumstances in whichthe escalatory national or international signals<strong>of</strong> panial or full mobilization would be undesirable.Forces available under this authority canprovide a tailored, limited-scope, deterrent, oroperational response, or may be used as aprecursor to any subsequent mobilization. Seealso mobilization.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>pressure altimeter-See barometric altimeter.pressure-altitude(•)-An aunospheric pressureexpressed in terms <strong>of</strong> altitude which correspondsto that pressure in the st<strong>and</strong>ard attnosphere.See also altitude.press~ breathing(•)-The technique <strong>of</strong> breathingwhich is required when oxygen is supplieddirect to an individual at a pressure higher thanthe ambient barometric pressure.pressure front-See shock front.pressure mine(•)-1. In l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare, amine whose fuze responds to the direct pressure<strong>of</strong> a target. 2. In naval mine warfare, amine whose circuit responds to the hydrodynamicpressure field <strong>of</strong> a target. See !somine.pressure mine circuit-See pressure mine.pressure suit(•)-1. Partial-A skin tight suitwhich does not completely enclose the body butwhich is capable <strong>of</strong> exerting pressure on themajor ponion <strong>of</strong> the body in order to counteractan increased intrapulmonary oxygen pressure.2. Full-A suit which completely enclosesthe body <strong>and</strong> which a gas pressure, sufficientlyabove ambient pressure for maintenance<strong>of</strong> function, may be sustained.pressurized cabiD-The occupied space <strong>of</strong> anaircraft in which the air pressure has beenincreased above that <strong>of</strong> the ambient aunosphereby compression <strong>of</strong> the ambient atmosphere intothe space.prestrike reconnaissance-Missions undertakenfor the purpose <strong>of</strong> obtaining complete informationabout known targets for use by the strikeforce.prevention-The security procedures undertakenby the public <strong>and</strong> private sector in order to297
I1. <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>1(\11See also antiterdiscourage terrorist aCts.rorism.prevention <strong>of</strong> stripping equipment-See antirec:overydevice.preventive maiDteuance-The care <strong>and</strong> servicingby personnel for the purpose <strong>of</strong> maintainingequipment <strong>and</strong> facilities in satisfactory operatingcondition by providing for syste~naticinspection, detection, <strong>and</strong> correction <strong>of</strong> incipientfailures either before they occur or beforethey develop into major defects.preventive war-A war initiated in the belief thatmilitary conflict, while not imminent, is inevitable,<strong>and</strong> that to delay would involve greaterrisk.prewitbdrawal demolition target-A target preparedfor demolition preliminary to a withdrawal,the demolition <strong>of</strong> which can be executedas soon after preparation as convenient onthe orders <strong>of</strong> the <strong>of</strong>ficer to whom the responsibilityfor such demolitions bas been delegated.See also demoUtion target.primary aircraft authorization-Aircraft authorizedto a unit for performance <strong>of</strong> its operationalmission. The primary authorization formsthe basis for the allocation <strong>of</strong> operating resourcesto include manpower, suppon equipment,<strong>and</strong> flying-hour funds. See also backupaircraft authorization.primary aircraft iDventory-The aircraft assignedto meet the primary aircraft authorization. Seealso backup aircraft inventory.primary ceDSorsbip-Armed forces censorshipperfonned by personnel <strong>of</strong> a company, battery,squadron, ship, swion, base, or similar unit onthe personal communications <strong>of</strong> persons assigned,attached, or otherwise under the jurisdiction<strong>of</strong> a unit. See also c:eusorsbip.primary control <strong>of</strong>ficer-In amphibious operations,the <strong>of</strong>ficer embarked in a primary controlship assigned to control the movement <strong>of</strong>l<strong>and</strong>ing craft, amphibious vehicles, <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ingships to <strong>and</strong> from a colored beach.primary control sbip-ln amphibious operations,a ship <strong>of</strong> the task force designated to providesuppon for the primary control <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>and</strong> acombat information center control team for acolored beach.primary imagery dissemination-See electronicimagery dissemination.primary imagery dissemination system-Seeelectrollic imagery di•semiution. \primary interest-Principal, although not exclusive,interest <strong>and</strong> responsibility for accomplishment<strong>of</strong> a given mission, including responsibilityfor reconciling the activities <strong>of</strong> other agenciesthat possess collateral interest in the program.primary operatiag stocks-Logistics resources onb<strong>and</strong> or on order necessary to suppon day-todayoperational requirements, <strong>and</strong> which, inpan, can also be used to <strong>of</strong>fset sustainingcombat requirements. Also called POS.primary renew authority-The organizationassiped by the lead agent to perform theactions <strong>and</strong> coordination necessary to develop<strong>and</strong> maintain the assigned joint publicationunder cognizance <strong>of</strong> the lead agent. See alsoJCS pubUcation; lead agent.primary target-An object <strong>of</strong> high publicity valueto terrorists. See also antiteJTOrism; secondarytargets.primed cbarge(*)-A charge ready in all aspectsfor ignition.1.f?. 11111111111111,/'\,1298
•prime mover-A vehicle, including heavy constructionequipment, possessing military characteristics,designed primarily for towing heavy,wheeled weapons <strong>and</strong> frequently providingfacilities for the transportation <strong>of</strong> the crew <strong>of</strong>,<strong>and</strong> ammunition for, the weapon.principal items-End items <strong>and</strong> replacementassemblies <strong>of</strong> such importance that managementtechniques require centralized individual itemmanagement throughout the supply system, toinclude depot level, base level, <strong>and</strong> items in theh<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> using units. These specifically includethe items where, in the judgment <strong>of</strong> theServices, there is a need for central inventorycontrol, including centralized computation <strong>of</strong>requirements, central procurement, centraldirection <strong>of</strong> distribution, <strong>and</strong> central knowledge<strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> all assets owned by the Services.principal operational interest-When used inCOIUlection with an established facility operatedby one Service for joint use by two or moreServices, the term indicates a requirement forthe greatest use <strong>of</strong>, or the greatest need for, theservices <strong>of</strong> that facility. The term may beapplied to a Service, but is more applicable toa conun<strong>and</strong>.principal parallel(*)-On an oblique photograph,a line parallel to the true horizon <strong>and</strong> passingthrough the principal point.principal plane(*)-A vertical plane which containsthe principal point <strong>of</strong> an oblique photograph,the perspective center <strong>of</strong> the lens, <strong>and</strong>the ground nadir.-principal point(*)-The foot <strong>of</strong> the perpendicularto the photo plane through the perspectivecenter. Generally determined by intersection <strong>of</strong>the lines joining opposite collimating or fiducialmarks.principal scale(*)-In cartography, the scale <strong>of</strong> areduced or generating globe representing the<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>sphere or spheroid, defined by the fractionalrelation <strong>of</strong> their respective radii. Also callednominal scale. See also scale.principal vertical(*)-On an oblique photograph,a line perpendicular to the true horizon <strong>and</strong>passing through the principal point .printiDg size <strong>of</strong> a map or cbart(*)-The dimensions<strong>of</strong> the smallest rectangle which willcontain a map or chan, including all the printedmaterial in its margin.print reference(*)-A reference to an individualprint in an air photographic sortie.priority-With reference to operation plans <strong>and</strong> thetasks derived therefrom, an indication <strong>of</strong> relativeimportance rather than an exclusive ldfinal designation <strong>of</strong> the order <strong>of</strong> accompl· -ment.priority designator-A two-digit issue <strong>and</strong> prioritycode (01 through 15) placed in military st<strong>and</strong>ardrequisitioning <strong>and</strong> issue procedure requisitions.It is based upon a combination <strong>of</strong> factorswhich relate the mission <strong>of</strong> the requisitioner<strong>and</strong> the urgency <strong>of</strong> need or the end use <strong>and</strong> isused to provide a means <strong>of</strong> assigning relativeranldngs to competing dem<strong>and</strong>s placed on theDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense supply system.priority intelligence requirements(*)-Thoseintelligence requirements for which a comm<strong>and</strong>erbas an anticipated <strong>and</strong> stated priority inhis task <strong>of</strong> planning <strong>and</strong> decisionmaking. Seealso information requirements; intelligencecycle.priority message-A category <strong>of</strong> precedencereserved for messages that require expeditiousaction by the addressee(s) <strong>and</strong>/or furnish essentialinformation for the conduct <strong>of</strong> operations inprogress when routine precedence will notsuffice. See also precedence.299
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>priority national intelligence objectives-A guidefor the coordination <strong>of</strong> intelligence collection<strong>and</strong> production in response to requirementsrelating to the formulation <strong>and</strong> execution <strong>of</strong>national security policy. They are compiledannually by the Washington Intelligence Community<strong>and</strong> flow directly from the intelligencemission as set fonh by the National SecurityCouncil. They are specific enough to providea basis for planning the allocation <strong>of</strong> collection<strong>and</strong> research resources, but not so specific as to ·constitute in themselves research <strong>and</strong> collectionrequirements.priority <strong>of</strong> immediate mission requests-Seeemergency priority; ordinary priority; search<strong>and</strong> attack priority; urgent priority.priority <strong>of</strong> preplauned mission requests-!.Targets capable <strong>of</strong> preventing the execution <strong>of</strong>the plan <strong>of</strong> action. 2. Targets capable <strong>of</strong>immediate serious interference with the plan <strong>of</strong>action. 3. Targets capable <strong>of</strong> ultimate seriousinterference with the execution <strong>of</strong> the plan <strong>of</strong>action. 4. Targets capable <strong>of</strong> limited interferencewith the execution <strong>of</strong> the plan <strong>of</strong> action.priority system for mission requests for tacticalreconnaissance-Priority I-Takes precedenceover all other requests except previously assignedpriorities I. The results <strong>of</strong> these requestsare <strong>of</strong> paramount importance to theimmediate battle situation or objective. PriorityD-The results <strong>of</strong> these requirements are insuppon <strong>of</strong> the general battle situation <strong>and</strong> willbe accomplished _as soon as possible afterpriorities I. Tbe5e are requests to gain currentbattle information. Priority m-The results <strong>of</strong>these requests update the intelligence data basebut do not affect the immediate battle situation.Priority IV-The results <strong>of</strong> these requests are<strong>of</strong> a routine nature. These results will befulfilled when the reconnaissance effon permits.See also precedence.prior permission(*)-Permission granted by theappropriate authority prior to the commencement<strong>of</strong> a flight or a series <strong>of</strong> flights l<strong>and</strong>ing inor flying over the territory <strong>of</strong> the nation concerned.prisoner <strong>of</strong> war-A detained person as defmed inArticles 4 <strong>and</strong> S <strong>of</strong> the Geneva ConventionRelative to the Treaanent <strong>of</strong> Prisoners <strong>of</strong> War<strong>of</strong> August 12, 1949. In panicular, one who,while engaged in combat under orders c·f his orher government, is captured by the annedforces <strong>of</strong> the enemy. As such, he or she isentitled to the combatant's privilege <strong>of</strong> immunityfrom the municipal law <strong>of</strong> the capturing statefor warlike acts which do not amount tobreaches <strong>of</strong> the law <strong>of</strong> armed conflict. Forexample, a prisoner <strong>of</strong> war may be, but is ~limited to, any person belonging to one <strong>of</strong> efollowing categories who bas fallen into epower <strong>of</strong> the enemy: a member <strong>of</strong> the armforces, organized militia or volunteer corps; aperson who accompanies the armed forceswithout actually being a member there<strong>of</strong>; amember <strong>of</strong> a merchant marine or civilianaircraft crew not qualifying for more favorabletreatment; or individuals who, on the approach<strong>of</strong> the enemy, spontaneously take up anns toresist the invading forces.prisoner <strong>of</strong> war brancb camp(*)-A subsidiarycamp under the supervision <strong>and</strong> administration<strong>of</strong> a prisoner <strong>of</strong> war camp.prisoner <strong>of</strong> war camp-An installation establishedfor the internment <strong>and</strong> administration <strong>of</strong> prisoners<strong>of</strong> war.prisoner <strong>of</strong> war ceusorship-The censorship <strong>of</strong>the communications to <strong>and</strong> from enemy prisoners<strong>of</strong> war <strong>and</strong> civilian internees held by theUnited States Armed Forces. See also ceusorship.prisoner <strong>of</strong> war compound(*)-A subdivision <strong>of</strong>a prisoner <strong>of</strong> war enclosure.300
.eprisoner <strong>of</strong> war enclosure(•)-A subdivision <strong>of</strong> aprisoner <strong>of</strong> war camp.prisoner <strong>of</strong> war personnel record(*)-A form forrecording the photograph, fingerprints, <strong>and</strong>other peninent personal data concerning theprisoner <strong>of</strong> war, including that required by theGeneva Convention.proactive measures-In antiterrorism, measurestaken in the preventive stage <strong>of</strong> antiterrorismdesigned to harden targets <strong>and</strong> detect actionsbefore they occur.proactive mine countermeasures-Measuresintended to prevent the enemy from successfullylaying mines. See also mine countermeasures.probability <strong>of</strong> damage(*)-The probability thatdamage .will occur to a wget expressed as apercentage or as a decimal.probability <strong>of</strong> detection-The probability that thesearch object will be detected under givenconditions if it is in the area searched.probable-A term used to qualify a statementmade under conditions wherein the availableevidence indicates that the statement is factualuntil there is funher evidence in confirmationor denial. See also possible.probable error-See horizontal error.probable error deflection-Error in deflectionwhich is exceeded as <strong>of</strong>ten as not.probable error height <strong>of</strong> burst-Error in height<strong>of</strong> burst which projectile/missile fuzes may beexpected to exceed as <strong>of</strong>ten as not.probable error range-Error in range which isexceeded as <strong>of</strong>ten as not.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>probably destroyed(*)-ln air operations, a damageassessment on an enemy aircraft seen tobreak <strong>of</strong>f combat in circumstances which leadto the conclusion that it must be a loss althoughit is not actually seen to crash.procedural control(*)-A method <strong>of</strong> airspacecontrol which relies on a combination <strong>of</strong> previouslyagreed <strong>and</strong> promulgated orders <strong>and</strong>procedures.procedure-A procedure begins with a specific,documentable event that causes an activity tooccur. The activity must produce a productthat normally affects another external organization.Frequently, that product will be the eventthat causes another procedure to occur. It isimponant to recognize that a procedure d~ermines"what" an organization must do at c iticalperiods but does not direct "how" it wi bedone.procedure turn(*)-An aircraft maneuver in whicha turn is made away from a designated trackfollowed by a turn in the opposite direction,both turns being executed at a constant· rate soas to permit the aircraft to intercept <strong>and</strong> proceedalong the reciprocal <strong>of</strong> the designatedtrack.procedure word-A word or phrase limited toradio telephone procedure used to facilitatecommunication by conveying information in acondensed st<strong>and</strong>ard form. Also called proword.processing(*)-I. In photography, the operationsnecessary to produce negatives, diapositives, orprints from exposed films, plates, or paper. 2.See intelligence cycle.proclamation-A document published to theinhabitants <strong>of</strong> an area which sets forth the basis<strong>of</strong> authority <strong>and</strong> scope <strong>of</strong> activities <strong>of</strong> a comm<strong>and</strong>erin a given area <strong>and</strong> which defines the301
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>obligations, liabilities, duties, <strong>and</strong> rights <strong>of</strong> thepopulation affected.procurement-The process <strong>of</strong> obtaining personnel,services, supplies, <strong>and</strong> equipment. See alsocentral procurement.procurement lead time-The interval in monthsbetween the initiation <strong>of</strong> procurement action<strong>and</strong> receipt into the supply system <strong>of</strong> die productionmodel (excludes prototypes) purchasedas the result <strong>of</strong> such actions, <strong>and</strong> is composed<strong>of</strong> two elements, production lead time <strong>and</strong>administrative lead time. See also administra·tive lead time; initiation <strong>of</strong> procurementaction; level <strong>of</strong> supply; receipt into the su~ply system.production-The conversion <strong>of</strong> raw materials intoproducts <strong>and</strong>/or components there<strong>of</strong>, through aseries <strong>of</strong> manufacturing processes. It includesfunctions <strong>of</strong> production engineering, controlling,quality assurance, <strong>and</strong> the determination<strong>of</strong> resources requirements.production base-The total national industrialproduction capacity available for the manufacture<strong>of</strong> items to meet materiel requirements.production lead time-The time interval betweenthe placement <strong>of</strong> a contract <strong>and</strong> receipt into thesupply system <strong>of</strong> materiel purchased. Twoentries are provided: a. initial-The timeinterval if the item is not under production as<strong>of</strong> the date <strong>of</strong> contract placement. b. reorder-Thetime iluerval if the item is underproduction as <strong>of</strong> the date <strong>of</strong> contract placement.See also procurement lead time.production logistics-That part <strong>of</strong> logistics concerningresearch, design, development, manufacture,<strong>and</strong> acceptance <strong>of</strong> materiel. In consequence,production logistics includes: st<strong>and</strong>ardization<strong>and</strong> interoperability, contracting, qualityassurance, initial provisioning, transponability,reliability <strong>and</strong> defect analysis, safety st<strong>and</strong>ards,specifications <strong>and</strong> production processes, trials<strong>and</strong> testing (including provision <strong>of</strong> necessaryfacilities), equipment documentation, configurationcontrol, <strong>and</strong> modifications.production loss appraisal-An estimate <strong>of</strong> damageinfliCted on an industry in terms <strong>of</strong> quantities <strong>of</strong>finished products denied the enemy from themoment <strong>of</strong> attack through the period <strong>of</strong> reconstructionto the point when full production isresumed.pr<strong>of</strong>iciency training aircraft-Aircraft required tomaintain the pr<strong>of</strong>iciency <strong>of</strong> pilots <strong>and</strong> otheraircrew members who are assigned to nonflyingduties.jprome-see Dight prorde.pr<strong>of</strong>orma(*)-A st<strong>and</strong>ard form.dard NATO data message.See alsoprogram aircraft-The total <strong>of</strong> the active <strong>and</strong> ;~,reserve aircraft. See also aircraft.Programmed Forces-The forces that exist foreach year <strong>of</strong> the Future Years Defense Program.They contain the major combat <strong>and</strong>tactical suppon forces that are expected toexecute the national strategy within manpower,fiScal, <strong>and</strong> other constraints. See also CurrentForce; force; Intermediate Force PlanningLevel.program <strong>of</strong> nuclear cooperation(*)-Presidentiallyapproved bilateralproposals for the United Swes to providenuclear weapons, <strong>and</strong> specified suppon to usernations who desire to commit delivery units to ·NATO in nuclear only or dual capable roles.After presidential approval in principle, negotiationswill be initiated with the user nation todevelop detailed suppon arrangements.3<strong>02</strong>
.-...progress payment-Payment 'made as work progressesunder a .Contract, upon the basis <strong>of</strong>costs incurred, <strong>of</strong> percentage <strong>of</strong> completionaccomplished, or <strong>of</strong> a particular stage <strong>of</strong> completion.The term does not include paymentsfor partial deliveries accepted by the Governmentunder a contract, or partial payments oncomract tennination claims.prohibited area-A specified area within the l<strong>and</strong>areas <strong>of</strong> a state or territorial waters· adjacentthereto over which the flight <strong>of</strong> aircraft isprohibited. May also refer to l<strong>and</strong> or sea areasto which access is prohibited. See also dosedarea; danger area; restricted area.project-A planned undertaking <strong>of</strong> something to beaccomplished, produced, or constructed, havinga finite beginning <strong>and</strong> a finite ending.projected map display(*)-The displayed image <strong>of</strong>a map or chart projected through an optical orelectro-optical system onto a viewing surface.projectile-An object projected by an appliedexterior force <strong>and</strong> continuing in motion byvirtue <strong>of</strong> its own inenia, as a bullet, shell, orgrenade. Also applied to rockets <strong>and</strong> to guidedmissiles.projection(*)-ln cartography, any systematicarrangement <strong>of</strong> meridians <strong>and</strong> parallels portray- .ing the curved surface <strong>of</strong> the sphere or spheroidupon a plane.projection print-An enlarged or reduced photographicprint made by projection <strong>of</strong> the image<strong>of</strong> a negative or a transparency onto a sensitizedsurface.project manager-See system manager.proliferation (nuclear weapons)-The process bywhich one nation after another comes intopossession <strong>of</strong>, or into the right to determine the<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>use <strong>of</strong> nuclear weapons, each potentially able tolaunch a nuclear attack upon another nation.prompt radiation-The gamma rays produced infiSsion <strong>and</strong> as a result <strong>of</strong> other neutron reactions<strong>and</strong> nuclear excitation <strong>of</strong> the weaponmaterials appearing within a second or lessafter a nuclear explosion. The radiations fromthese sources are known either as prompt orinstantaneous gamma rays. See also inducedradiation; initial radiation; residual radiation.pronto-As quickly as possible.propag<strong>and</strong>a-Any form <strong>of</strong> communication insupport <strong>of</strong> national objectives designed toinfluence the opinions, emotions, attitudes, orbehavior <strong>of</strong> any group in order to benefitFesponsor, either directly or indirectly. See soblack propag<strong>and</strong>a; grey propag<strong>and</strong>a; w "tepropag<strong>and</strong>a.propellant-That source which provides the energyrequired for propelling a projectile. Specifically,an explosive charge for propelling a projectile;also a fuel, either solid or liquid, forpropelling a rocket or missile.propelled mine-See mobDe mille.property-!. Anything that may be owned. 2.As used in the military establishment, this termis usually confined to tangible property, includingreal eswe <strong>and</strong> materiel. 3. For specialpurposes <strong>and</strong> as used in cenain statutes, thisterm may exclude such items as the publicdomain, cenain l<strong>and</strong>s, cenain categories <strong>of</strong>naval vessels <strong>and</strong> records <strong>of</strong> the Federal Government.property account-A formal record <strong>of</strong> property<strong>and</strong> property transactions in terms <strong>of</strong> quantity<strong>and</strong>/or cost, generally by item. An <strong>of</strong>ficialrecord <strong>of</strong> Government property required to bemaintained.303
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>proportioual navigation-A method <strong>of</strong> homingnavigation in which the missile tum rate isdirectly proportional to the tum rate in space <strong>of</strong>the line <strong>of</strong> sight.protected site(•)-A facility which is protected bythe use <strong>of</strong> camouflage or concealment, selectivesiting, construction <strong>of</strong> facilities designed toprevent damage from fragments caused byconventional weapons, or a combination <strong>of</strong>such measures.protective dothing(•)-Clothing especially designed,fabricated, or treated to protect personnelagainst hazards caused by extreme changesin physical environment, dangerous workingconditions, or enemy action.protective minefield(•)-I. In l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare,a minefield employed to assist a unit in itslocal, close-in protection. 2. In naval minewarfare, a minefield laid in friendly territorialwaters to protect ports, harbors, anchorages,coasts, <strong>and</strong> coastal routes. See also minefield.prototype-A model suitable for evaluation <strong>of</strong>design, performance, <strong>and</strong> production potential.provisioniDg-See iDitial provisiolliDg.Prowler-A twin turbojet engine, quadruple crew,all-weather, electronic attack aircraft designedto operate from aircraft carriers. It contains awide assomnent <strong>of</strong> integrated, computer-controlled,active <strong>and</strong> passive electronic attackequipment. Designated as EA-68.proword-See procedure word.proximity fuze(•)-A fuze wherein primary initiationoccurs by remotely sensing the presence,distance, <strong>and</strong>/or direction <strong>of</strong> a target or itsassociated environment by means <strong>of</strong> a signalgenerated by the fuze or emitted by the target,or by detecting a disturbance ...-~.:,a natural fieldsurrounding the target. See L~\> ~prudent limit <strong>of</strong> endurance(•)-The time duringwhich an aircraft can remain airborne <strong>and</strong> stillretain a given safety margin <strong>of</strong> fuel.prudent limit <strong>of</strong> patrol(•)-The time at which anaircraft must depart from its operational area inorder to return to its base <strong>and</strong> arrive there witha given safety margin (usually 20 percent) <strong>of</strong>fuel reserve for bad weather diversions.pseudopursuit navigation-A method <strong>of</strong> homingnavigation in which the missile is directedtoward the instantaneous target position inazimuth, while pursuit navigation in elevationis delayed until more favorable angle <strong>of</strong> attackon the target is achieved.psychological cousoUdation activities(•)-Pl~psychological activities in peace <strong>and</strong> war dir t-ed at the civilian population located in arunder friendly control in order to achieve adesired behavior which supports the militaryobjectives <strong>and</strong> the operational freedom <strong>of</strong> the ~supported comm<strong>and</strong>ers. ' \psychological operations-Planned operations toconvey selected information <strong>and</strong> indicators t<strong>of</strong>oreign audiences to influence their emotions,motives, objective reasoning, <strong>and</strong> ultimately thebehavior <strong>of</strong> foreign governments, organizations,groups, ·<strong>and</strong> individuals. The purpose <strong>of</strong>psychological operations is to induce or reinforceforeign attitudes <strong>and</strong> behavior favorableto the originator's objectives. Also calledPSYOP. See also perception management.psychological warfare-The planned use <strong>of</strong> propag<strong>and</strong>a<strong>and</strong> other psychological actions havingthe primary purpose <strong>of</strong> influencing the opinious,emotions, attitudes, <strong>and</strong> behavior <strong>of</strong>hostile foreign groups in such a way as to·support the achievement <strong>of</strong> national objectives.Also called PSYW AR.PSYOP-See psychological operatious.304
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>PSYW AR-See psychological warfare.public-Concept that includes all audiences, bothinternal <strong>and</strong> external. See also external audience;internal audience.public atTain-Those public information <strong>and</strong>community relations activities directed towardthe general public by the various elements <strong>of</strong>the Department <strong>of</strong> Defense.public information-Information <strong>of</strong> a militarynature, the dissemination <strong>of</strong> which throughpublic news media is not inconsistent withsecurity, <strong>and</strong> the release <strong>of</strong> which is considereddesirable or nonobjectionable to the responsiblereleasing agency.pull-up point(*)-The point at which an aircraftmust stan to climb from a low-level approachin order to gain sufficient height from which toexecute the attack or retirement. See alsocontact point; turn-in point.pulse duration-In radar, measurement <strong>of</strong> pulsetransmission time in microseconds, that is, thetime the radar's transmitter is energized duringeach cycle. Also called pulse length <strong>and</strong>pulse width.pulsejet(*)-A jet-propulsion engine contammgneither compressor nor turbine. Equipped withvalves in the front which open <strong>and</strong> shut, ittakes in air to create thrust in rapid periodicbursts rather than continuously.pulse repetition frequency-In radar, the number<strong>of</strong> pulses that occur each second. Not to beconfused with transmission frequency which isdetermined by the rate at which cycles arerepeated within the transmitted pulse.pulsing(•)-ln naval mine warfare, a method <strong>of</strong>operating magnetic <strong>and</strong> acoustic sweeps inwhich the sweep is energized by current whichvaries or is intermittent in accordance with apredetermined schedule.punch-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Youshould very soon be obtaining a contact on theaircraft that is being intercepted." (Use onlywith "air intercept" interceptions.)purchase-To procure property or services for aprice; includes obtaining by barter. See alsocollaborative purchase; joint purchase; singledepartment purchase.purchase description-A statement outlining theessential characteristics <strong>and</strong> functions <strong>of</strong> anitem, service, or material required to meet theminimum needs <strong>of</strong> the Government. It is usedTwhen a specification is not available or whenspecific procurement specifications arerequired by the individual <strong>Military</strong> Departmeor the Department <strong>of</strong> Defense.purdlase notice agreements-Agreements concerningthe purchase <strong>of</strong> br<strong>and</strong>-name items forresale purposes established by each militaryService under the control <strong>of</strong> the Defense LogisticsAgency.purchasing <strong>of</strong>fice-Any installation or activity, orany division, <strong>of</strong>fice, branch, section, unit, orother organizational element <strong>of</strong> an installationor activity charged with the functions <strong>of</strong> procuringsupplies or services.purple-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Theunit indicated is suspected <strong>of</strong> carrying nuclearweapons" (i.e., "purple VB").pursuit(*)-An <strong>of</strong>fensive operation designed tocatch or cut <strong>of</strong>f a hostile force attempting toescape, with the aim <strong>of</strong> destroying it.pyroteclmic(•)-A mixture <strong>of</strong> chemicals whichwhen ignited is capable <strong>of</strong> reacting exothermicallyto produce light, heat, smoke, sound orgas, <strong>and</strong> may also be used to introduce a delay305
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>into an explosive··train because ·<strong>of</strong> its knownburning time. The term excludes propellants<strong>and</strong>· explosives.pyrotedmic delay(*)-A pyroteclmicdevice addedto· a~ firiDg· ·system which transmits the ignitionflame after a predetermined delay.~ i .t. ·~.306
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Qq-message(*)-A classified message relating tonavigational dangers, navigational aids, minedareas, <strong>and</strong> searched or swept channels.Q-route-A system <strong>of</strong> preplanned shipping lanes inmined or potentially mined waters used tominimize the area the mine countermeasurescomm<strong>and</strong>er has to keep clear <strong>of</strong> mines toprovide safe passage for friendly shipping.Q-ship-See decoy ship.quadrant elevation(*)-The angle between thehorizontal plane <strong>and</strong> the axis <strong>of</strong> the bore whenthe weapon is laid. (<strong>DOD</strong>) It is the algebraicsum <strong>of</strong> the elevation, angle <strong>of</strong> site, <strong>and</strong> complementaryangle <strong>of</strong> site.quallfying years creditable for retirement payThe time a Guardsman or reservist must· serveto be eligible for retired pay at age 60. Individualsmust have at least 20 years <strong>of</strong> service inwhich they receive at least SO. retirement pointsa year, <strong>and</strong> the last eight years <strong>of</strong> service mustbe served in a reserve component.Iquay-A structure <strong>of</strong> solid construction along ashore or bank which provides benhing <strong>and</strong>which generally provides cargo-h<strong>and</strong>ling facilities.A similar facility <strong>of</strong> open construction iscalled a wharf. See also pier; wharf.quicktrans-Long-tenn contract airlift servicewithin continental United Swes for the moveme~<strong>of</strong> cargo in suppon <strong>of</strong> the logistic systemfor the <strong>Military</strong> Services (primarily the Navy<strong>and</strong> Marine Corps) <strong>and</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Defenseagencies. See also logair.307
' .,.·.::<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>r ,. ~.·....I(INTENTIONALLY BLANK)"·.;; .,.,..308
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Rradar-A radio detection device that providesinformation on range, azimuth <strong>and</strong>/or elevation<strong>of</strong> objects.radar advisory-The term used to indicate that theprovision <strong>of</strong> advice <strong>and</strong> information is based onradar observation.radar altimetry area(*)-A large <strong>and</strong> comparativelylevel temin area with a defined elevationwhich can be used in detennining the altitude<strong>of</strong> airborne equipment by the use <strong>of</strong> radar.radar altitude control mode-In an automaticflight control system, a control mode in whichthe height <strong>of</strong> an aircraft is maintained by referenceto signals from a radar altimeter.radar beacon-A receiver-transmitter combinationwhich sends out a coded signal when triggeredby the proper type <strong>of</strong> pulse, enabling determination<strong>of</strong> range <strong>and</strong> bearing information by theinterrogating station or aircraft.radar camouftage(*)-The use <strong>of</strong> radar absorbentor reflecting materials to change the radarechoing properties <strong>of</strong> a surface <strong>of</strong> an object.radar clutter(*)-Unwanted signals, echoes, orimages on the face <strong>of</strong> the display tube, whichinterfere with observation <strong>of</strong> desired signals.radar countermeasures-See electronic warfare;cbaff.radar coverage(*)-The limits within which objectscan be detected by one or more radarstations.radar danning(*)-ln naval mine warfare, amethod <strong>of</strong> navigating by using radar to keepthe required distance from a line <strong>of</strong> dan buoys.radar deception-See electromagnetic deception.radar exploitation report-A formatted statement<strong>of</strong> the results <strong>of</strong> a tactical radar imagery reconnaissancemission. The repon includes theinterpretation <strong>of</strong> the sensor imagery. Alsocalled RADAREXREP.RADAREXREP-See radar exploitation report.radar r~re(*)-Gunfire aimed at a target which istracked by radar. See also fire.radar guardsbip(*)-Any ship which has beenJassigned the task by the <strong>of</strong>ficer in tacticalcomm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> maintaining the radar watch.radar horizon(*)-The locus <strong>of</strong> points at w chthe rays from a radar antenna become tang ntial to the Eanh 's surface. On the open seathis locus is horizontal but on l<strong>and</strong> it variesaccording to the topographical features <strong>of</strong> theterrain.radar imagery-Imagery produced by recordingradar waves reflected from a given targetsurface.radar intelligence-Intelligence derived from datacollected by radar. Also called RADINT. Seealso intelligence.radar netting(*)-The linking <strong>of</strong> several radars toa single center to provide integrated targetinformation.radar netting station(*)-A center which canreceive data from radar tracking stations <strong>and</strong>exchange this data among other radar tracking.stations, thus forming a radar netting system.See also radar netting unit; radar trackingstation.309
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>radar netting UDit-Optional electronic equipmentwhich convens the operations central <strong>of</strong> cenainair defense fue distribution systems to a radarnetting station. See also radar netting station.radar picket(•)-Any ship, aircraft, or vehicle,stationed at a distance from the force protected,for the purpose <strong>of</strong> increasing the radar detectionrange.radar picket CAP-Radar picket combat airpatrol.radar reconnaissance-Reconnaissance by means<strong>of</strong> radar to obtain infonnation on enemy activity<strong>and</strong> to detennine the nature <strong>of</strong> terrain.radarscope overlay(•)-A transparent overlay forplacing on the radarscope for comparison <strong>and</strong>identification <strong>of</strong> radar returns.radarscope photography(•)-A film record <strong>of</strong> thereturns shown by a radar screen.radar sigoal rdm-The film on which is recordedall the reflected signals acquired by a coherentradar, <strong>and</strong> which must be viewed or processedthrough an optical correlator to permit interpretation.radar sUeoce(•)-An imposed discipline prohibitingthe transmission by radar <strong>of</strong> electromagneticsignals on some· or all frequencies.radar spokiDg(•)-Periodic flashes <strong>of</strong> the rotatingtime base on a radial display. Sometimescaused by mutual interference.radar tracking station-A radar facility which hasthe capability <strong>of</strong> tracking moving targets.racliac(•)-An acronym derived from the words"radioactivity, detection, indication <strong>and</strong> computation"<strong>and</strong> used as an all-encompassing term todesignate various types <strong>of</strong> radiological measur-310ing instruments or equipment. (This word isnonnally used as an adjective.)radiac dosimeter-An instrument used to measurethe ionizing radiation absorbed by that instrument.radiai~A magnetic bearing extending from a veryhigh frequency omni-range/tactical air navigationstation.radial displacemeot(•)-On vertical photographs,the apparent "leaning out," or the apparentdisplacement <strong>of</strong> the top <strong>of</strong> any object havingheight in relation to its base. The direction <strong>of</strong>displacement is radial from the principal pointon a true venical, or from the isocentre on avenical photograph distoned by tip or tilt. lradiaot exposure-See thermal exposure.radiation dose(•)-The total amount <strong>of</strong> ionizingradiation absorbed by material or tissues,expressed in centigrays. (<strong>DOD</strong>) The termradiation dose is <strong>of</strong>ten used in the sense <strong>of</strong> theexposure dose expressed in roentgens, which isa measure <strong>of</strong> the total amount <strong>of</strong> ionization thatthe quantity <strong>of</strong> radiation could produce in air.This could be distinguished from the absorbeddose, also given in rads, which represents theenergy absorbed from the radiation per gram <strong>of</strong>specified body tissue. Further, the biologicaldose, in rems, is a measure <strong>of</strong> the biologicaleffectiveness <strong>of</strong> the radiation exposure. Seealso absorbed dose; exposure dose.radiation dose rate(•)-The radiation dose (dosage)absorbed per unit <strong>of</strong> time. (<strong>DOD</strong>) Aradiation dose rate can be set at some panicularunit <strong>of</strong> time (e.g., H + 1 hour) <strong>and</strong> would becalled H + 1 radiation dose rate.radiation exposure state(•)-The condition <strong>of</strong> aunit, or exceptionally an individual, deducedfrom the cumulative whole body radiationdose(s) received. It is expressed as a symbol1 ~
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-Glwhich iDdicates the potential for future operatiom<strong>and</strong> the degree <strong>of</strong> risk if aposed toadditicmal nuclear radiation ...radlatloa IDtelllpDce-IDielligence derived flamtbe collection aDd analysis <strong>of</strong> ncm-iDformatiOD-beari:ngelements cxttacted from lbe electromagneticenergy unintentionally emanated byforeip devices, equipment~, aDd systems,excluding those Jenerated by the detollllion <strong>of</strong>atomic/nuclear weapom.radiatloa illtemlty(*)-Tbe radiation dole rate lla given time IDd place. It may be used, coupledwith a figure, to deDore tbe radiationimeDsity used at a given number <strong>of</strong> hours aftera DUClear burst, e.g., Rl-3 is a radiation inteDsity3 hours after tbe time <strong>of</strong> bunt.radlatiOD ~)-The clivenion <strong>of</strong> radiation(thermal, elecaomapedc, or auclear) from itsorigiaal path as a result <strong>of</strong> iDreraction or coni-·siODS with atoms, molecules,Or larpr particlesiD tbe IIIIIOSpbere or other media between tbe.source <strong>of</strong> tbe radiation (e.g., a auclear expl~sion) md a poim ll some dUtaDce away. Ju aresult <strong>of</strong> scatter.iDg, radiation (especially P"""'rays IDd DeUti'ODS) will be received ll such apoim from IDID)' directiODS iDstead <strong>of</strong> cm1yfrom tbe direction <strong>of</strong> tbe soun:e.radiatioa sickaess(*)-An i11Dess resultiDI fromexcessive exposure to iomziDa radiaticm. 1beearliest symptOmS are mnsea., vommn,, IDddiarrhea, which may be followed by loss <strong>of</strong>hair, hemorrhage, · jnflammatjon <strong>of</strong> the iDoutbIDd tbroat, IDd geueralloss <strong>of</strong> energy..ndioadive decay(*)-The decrease iD tbe radiationinteDsity <strong>of</strong> any radioactive malerial withrespect to time.radioadive decay curve(•)-A graph line representingtbe decrease <strong>of</strong> radioactivity with lbepassage <strong>of</strong> time.ndioadlve decay nte-The time rate <strong>of</strong> theclisintep'ation <strong>of</strong> radioactive material generallyaccompanied by the emission <strong>of</strong> paniclesIDdlor gamma radiation.ndioacd'rity-The spomaneous emission <strong>of</strong> radiation,generally alpba or beta panicles, <strong>of</strong>tenaccompallied by samma rays, from the nuclei<strong>of</strong> an unstable isotope.ndioacd'rity CODc:eDtratiOD pide(*)-The amount<strong>of</strong> Ill)' specified radioisotope that is acceptablein air aDd Wiler for comiDuous consumption.radio 8Dd wire iDtepdDD-The combining <strong>of</strong>wire circuits with radio facilities.ndio approach aids(*)-Equipmem making use <strong>of</strong>radio to determiDe the position <strong>of</strong> an aircraftwith cousiderable accuracy from the time it isiD die vicillity <strong>of</strong> an airfield or carrier UDti1 itJeiCbes a position from which l<strong>and</strong>ing can becanied out.radio beaccm(*)-A radio traDSmiuer which emitsa distiDcdve, or characteristic, sipal used fortbe derermiDation <strong>of</strong> bearinp, courses, orlocation. See also beacoD. •ndio deceptioD-Tbe employment <strong>of</strong> radio todeceive the euemy. Radio deception includessending false dispalches, using deceptive beadings,employing euemy call SiJDS, etc. Seealso eledroaic warfare.ndio detecdoa(*)-Tbe detection <strong>of</strong> the presence<strong>of</strong> an object by radio-location without precisedetermiDalion <strong>of</strong> its position.311
Joillt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-Glradio direcdoa fiDcliniM-Radio-location iDwhich only the direction <strong>of</strong> a station is decermiDedby means <strong>of</strong> its emissioas.radio direcdoa fiDclial data bate-The aggregate<strong>of</strong> information, acquired by botb airbome aDdsurface meaas, DeceSsary to provide suppon toradio direction fiDdiDg operatiom to producefixes on tarset traDSmitters/emittm. TberesultaDt beariuls aDd fixes serve as a basis fortactical clecisiODS concemiDg military operatious,includiag exercises, plalmed or underway.ndio fb(*)-1. 1be locating <strong>of</strong> a ndio traDSmitterby bearings taken from two or more directionfiDdiDg swions, tbe site <strong>of</strong> tbe ti'IDSDliuerbeiDa 11 the point <strong>of</strong> imersection. 2. Thelocation <strong>of</strong> a ship or aircraft by ~ tbedirection <strong>of</strong> radio sipals coming to tbe ship oraircraft from two or more sendiq swioas, tbelocaliODS <strong>of</strong> which are k:Down.ndio pard-A ship, aircraft, or radio aadonclesipated to ·listeD for aDd record trllllmissiODS,aDd to baDdle traffic on a clesipatedfrequeucy for a cenaiD UDit or units.ndioloalcal defease(*)-Defeasive measures takenapjnst the radiation hazards resu1tiDg from dieemploymeut <strong>of</strong> DUClear IDd ndiolopcal ~ODS.ndiological emiroammt(*)-CcmditiODS foUDd iDan area resulting from the preseace <strong>of</strong> a radi~logical bazard.radiolopcal moDitoriiii-See moaltorflll.radiological operation(*)-The employmem <strong>of</strong>radioactive materials or radiation produciDgdevices to cause casualties or restrict the use <strong>of</strong>terrain. It includes the imeatiollll employmem<strong>of</strong> fallout from nuclear weapoas.312radlololical IUI'Yey(*)-The directed effon todetermiDe tbe distribution aad dose rates <strong>of</strong>radiation in an area.ndiololic:alaw vey llilbt altitude-The altitude 11which an aircraft is flown cluriDg an aerialradiological survey.radio m•ID"k iadicator(•)-An iDsuumemwhich displays aircraft bmadjq aad bearing toselected radio navigation aids.ndio •.tptlon(*)-Radi~location inumded fortbe derenniDalion <strong>of</strong> position or direction or forobarucdon ~ in •vilation.ndio nap lindini(*)-Radi~location in whichdie distaDce <strong>of</strong> an object is derermiDed bymeaas <strong>of</strong> its radio emissions, whether iDdependeat.reflected, or retraDSmitted on the same orother wave lqth.ndlo nap ltaticm(*)-A radio uaviption l<strong>and</strong>aadOD ill tbe aeroaaudcal radio uavisationlerVice provicliDB radio equi-sipal zoues. (Inc:enaiD m•a-w a radio J'UI8e ltllion may beplaced on board a ship.)ndlo reeopltl•(*)-Tbe determiDadon by radiomeaDS _<strong>of</strong> tbe frieadly or eaemy cbaracler, orthe iDdividuality, <strong>of</strong> aDOtber.ndio ....,..zattcm ad ldentificatiOD-SeeldentiflcatiOD, Frimd or Foe.ndlo lllmce(*)-A CODdition iD which all -orc:enaiD ndio equipmeat capable <strong>of</strong> radiation iskept iDoperalive. (<strong>DOD</strong>) (Note: In combiDedor United Stares JoiDt or imra-Service COIIIIDUDications the frequeDcy baDds aDd/or types <strong>of</strong>equipmeat affecled will be specified.)ndio IODObuoy-5ee IODObuoy.ndio telecrapby(*)-The trammission <strong>of</strong> telesraphiccodes by means <strong>of</strong> radio.I~
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lradio telephony(•).;.. The transmission <strong>of</strong> speech bymeans <strong>of</strong> modulated radio waves.radius <strong>of</strong> action(*)-The maximum distance aship, aircraft, or vehicle can travel away fromits base along a given course with normalcombat load <strong>and</strong> return without refueling,allowing for all safety <strong>and</strong> operating factors.radius <strong>of</strong> damage-The distance from ground zeroat which there is a 0.50 probability <strong>of</strong> achievingthe desired damage.radius <strong>of</strong> integration-The distance from groundzero which indicates the area within which theeffects <strong>of</strong> both the nuclear detonation <strong>and</strong>conventional weapons are to be integrated.radius <strong>of</strong> safety(*)-The horizontal distance fromground zero beyond which the weapon effectson friendly troops are acceptable.raid(*)-An operation, usually small scale,· involvinga swift penetration <strong>of</strong> hostile territory tosecure infonnation, confuse the enemy, or todestroy installations. It ends with a plannedwithdrawal upon completion <strong>of</strong> the assignedmission.raid report(*)-ln air defense, one <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong>related repons that are made for the purpose <strong>of</strong>developing a plot to assist in the rapid evaluation<strong>of</strong> a tactical situation.railhead(*)-A point on a railway where loads aretransferred between trains <strong>and</strong> other means <strong>of</strong>transpon. See also navigation head.railway Une capadty(*)-The maximum number<strong>of</strong> trains which can be moved in each directionover a specified section <strong>of</strong> track in a 24 hourperiod. See also route capadty.railway loading ramp(*)-A sloping platformsituated at the end or beside a track <strong>and</strong> risingto the level <strong>of</strong> the floor <strong>of</strong> the rail cars or wagons.rainfall (nuclear)-The water that is precipitatedfrom the base surge cloudS after an underwaterburst <strong>of</strong> a nuclear weapon. This rain is radioactive<strong>and</strong> presents an important secondaryeffect <strong>of</strong> such a burst.rainoUt(*)-Radioactive material in the atmospherebrought down by precipitation.ramjet(*)-A jet-propulsion engine conta1rungneither compressor nor turbine which dependsfor its operation on the air compression accomplishedby the forward motion <strong>of</strong> the engine.See also pulsejet.r<strong>and</strong>om minelaying(*)-ln l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare, thelaying <strong>of</strong> mines without regard to pattemJnmge-1. The distance between any given int<strong>and</strong> an object or wget. 2. Extent or dis celimiting the operation or action <strong>of</strong> something,such as the range <strong>of</strong> an aircraft, ship, or gun.3. The distance which can be covered over ahard surface by a ground vehicle, with its ratedpayload, using the fuel in its tank <strong>and</strong> its cansnormally carried as pan <strong>of</strong> the ground vehicle .equipment. 4. Area equipped for practice inshooting at wgets. In this meaning, alsocalled target range.range marker(*)-A single calibration blip fedonto the time base <strong>of</strong> a radial display. Therotation <strong>of</strong> the time base shows the single blipsas a circle on the plan position indicator scope.It may be used to measure range.nmge markers-Two upright markers which maybe lighted at night, placed so that whenaligned, the direction indicated assists in piloting.They may be used in amphibious operationsto aid in beaching l<strong>and</strong>ing ships or craft.Rangers-Rapidly deployable airborne light infantryorganized <strong>and</strong> trained to conduct highly313
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>complex joint dir~t action operations in coordinationwith or iil suppon <strong>of</strong> other specialoperations units <strong>of</strong> all Services. Rangers alsocan execute direct action operations in suppon<strong>of</strong> conventional nonspecial operations missionsconducted by a combatant comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> canoperate as conventional light infantry whenproperly augmented with other elements <strong>of</strong>combined arms.range spread-The technique used to place themean point <strong>of</strong> impact <strong>of</strong> two or more units 100meters apan on the gun-wget line.ranging(*)-The process <strong>of</strong> establishing wgetdistance. Types <strong>of</strong> ranging include echo,intermittent, manual, navigational, explosiveecho, optical, radar, etc. See also spot.rated load(*)-The designed safe operating loadfor the equipment under prescribed conditions.rate <strong>of</strong> fire(*)-The number <strong>of</strong> rounds fired perweapon per minute.rate <strong>of</strong> march(*)-The average number <strong>of</strong> miles orkilometers to be travelled in a given period <strong>of</strong>time, including all ordered baits. It is expressedin miles or kilometers in the hour. Seealso pace.ratification-The declaration by which a nationformally accepts with or without reservation thecontent <strong>of</strong> a st<strong>and</strong>ardization agreement. Seealso implementation; resenation; subscription.rationalization-Any action that increases theeffectiveness <strong>of</strong> allied forces through moreefficient or effective use <strong>of</strong> defense resourcescommitted to the alliance. Rationalizationincludes consolidation, reassignment <strong>of</strong> nationalpriorities to higher alliance needs. st<strong>and</strong>ardization,specialization, mutual suppon or improvedinteroperability, <strong>and</strong> greater cooperation.Rationalization applies to both weap-ens/materiel resources <strong>and</strong> non-weapons militarymatters.ration dense-Foods which, through processing,have been reduced in volume <strong>and</strong> quantity to asmall compact package without appreciable loss<strong>of</strong> food value, quality, or acceptance, with abig~ yield in relation to space occupied, suchas dehydrates <strong>and</strong> concentrates.ratio print-A print the scale <strong>of</strong> which has beenchanged from that <strong>of</strong> the negative by photographicenlargement or reduction.ratline-An organized effon for moving personnel<strong>and</strong>/or material by cl<strong>and</strong>estine means across adenied area or border.R-elay-see times.RDD-See required delivery date.1reaction time-1. The elapsed time between theinitiation <strong>of</strong> an action <strong>and</strong> the required re- ;\sponse. 2. The time required between thereceipt <strong>of</strong> an order directing an operation <strong>and</strong>the arrival <strong>of</strong> the initial element <strong>of</strong> the forceconcerned in the designated area.readiness-See military capability.readiDess condidon-See operational readiness.readiness planning-Qperational planning requiredfor peacetime operations. Its objective is themaintenance <strong>of</strong> high swes <strong>of</strong> readiness <strong>and</strong> thedeterrence <strong>of</strong> potential enemies. It includesplanning activities that influence day-t
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>reconnaissance <strong>and</strong> surveillance assets <strong>and</strong>capabilities, <strong>and</strong> planning <strong>of</strong> joint exercises areexamples <strong>of</strong> readiness planning. No formaljoint planning system exists for readinessplanning such as exists for contingency <strong>and</strong>execution planning.ready(*)-The term used to indicate that a weapon(s)is loaded, aimed, <strong>and</strong> prepared to fire.ready CAP-Fighter aircraft in condition <strong>of</strong>"st<strong>and</strong>by."ready position(*)-ln helicopter operations, adesignated place where a helicopter load <strong>of</strong>troops <strong>and</strong>/or equipment waits for pick-up.ready reserve-The Selected Reserve <strong>and</strong> IndividualReady Reserve liable for active duty asprescribed by law. (10 U.S.C. 268, 672, <strong>and</strong>673.)Ready Rese"e Force-A force composed <strong>of</strong> shipsacquired by the Maritime Administration (MARAD) with Navy funding <strong>and</strong> newer shipsacquired by the MARAD for the NationalDefense Reserve Fleet (NDRF). Although part<strong>of</strong> the NDRF, ships <strong>of</strong> the Ready ReserveForce are maintained in a higher swe <strong>of</strong> readiness<strong>and</strong> can be made available without mobilizationor congressionally declared swe <strong>of</strong>emergency. Also called RRF. See also NationalDefeuse Rese"e Fleet.ready-to-load date-The day, relative to C-day, ina time-phased force <strong>and</strong> deployment data whenthe unit, nonun!t equipment, <strong>and</strong> forces areprepared to depan their origin on organictransportation or are prepared to begin loadingon US Transportation Comm<strong>and</strong>-providedtransportation. Also called RLD.reallocation authority(*)-The authority given toNATO comm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> normally negotiated inpeacetime, to reallocate in an "emergency inwar" national logistic resources controlled bythe combat forces under their comm<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong>made available by nations, in order to influencethe battle logistically. See also reallocation <strong>of</strong>resources.real precession(*)-Precession resulting from anapplied torque such as friction <strong>and</strong> dynamicimbalance.real property-L<strong>and</strong>s, buildings, structures, utilitiessystems, improvements, <strong>and</strong> appunenancesthereto. Includes equipment attached to <strong>and</strong>made pan <strong>of</strong> buildings <strong>and</strong> structures (such asheating systems) but not movable equipment(such as plant equipment).real time(*~Pertaining to the timeliness <strong>of</strong> dataor information which has been delayed only bythe time required for electronic conununicati,n.This implies that there are no noticeable dela s.See also near real time.real w<strong>and</strong>er-See real precession.rear area(*)-For any panicular comm<strong>and</strong>, thearea extending forward from its rear boundaryto the rear <strong>of</strong> the area <strong>of</strong> responsibility <strong>of</strong> thenext lower level <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>. This area isprovided primarily for the performance <strong>of</strong>combat service suppon functions. See alsoArmy service area.rear area operations center/rear tactical operationscenter-A cormn<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control facilitythat serves as an area/subarea comm<strong>and</strong>er'splanning, coordinating, monitoring, advising,<strong>and</strong> directing agency for area security operations.rear echelon(*)-Elements <strong>of</strong> a force which arenot required in the objective area.rear guard-Security detachment that protects therear <strong>of</strong> a column from hostile forces. Duringa withdrawal, it delays the enemy by armed315
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>resistance, destroying bridges, <strong>and</strong> blocking:-oads.rearming-!. An operation that replenishes theprescribed stores <strong>of</strong> anununition, bombs, <strong>and</strong>other armament items for an aircraft, navalship, tank, or armored vehicle, includingreplacement <strong>of</strong> defective ordnance equipment,in order to make it ready for combat service.2. Resetting the fuze on a bomb, or on ananillery, monar, or rocket projectile, so that itwill detonate at the desired time.rebuild-The restoration <strong>of</strong> an item to a st<strong>and</strong>ardas nearly as possible to its original condition inappearance, performance, <strong>and</strong> life expectancy.See also overhaul; repair.recce-See reconnaissance.RECCEXREP-See nconnaissmce exploitationreport.receipt(•)-A transmission made by a receivingstation to indicate that a message bas beensatisfactorily received.receipt into the supply system-That point in timewhen the first item or first quantity <strong>of</strong> the item<strong>of</strong> the contract bas been received at or is enroute to point <strong>of</strong> first delivery after . inspection<strong>and</strong> acceptance. See also procurement leadtime.receiving ship(•)-The ship in a replenishmentunit that receives the rig(s).reception-I. All ground arrangements connectedwith the delivery <strong>and</strong> disposition <strong>of</strong> air or seadrops. Inclu~es selection <strong>and</strong> preparation <strong>of</strong>site, signals for warning <strong>and</strong> approach, facilitation<strong>of</strong> secure departure <strong>of</strong> agents, speedycollection <strong>of</strong> delivered anicles, <strong>and</strong> theirprompt removal to storage places having maximumsecurity. When a group is involved, itmay be called a reception committee. 2.316'Arrangements to welcome <strong>and</strong> provide securequarters or transportation for defectors, escapees,evaders, or incoming agents.receptivity(*)-The vulnerability <strong>of</strong> a wget audienceto particular psychological operationsmedia.redama-A request to duly constituted authority toreconsider its decision or its proposed action.recognition-!. The detennination by any means<strong>of</strong> the individuality <strong>of</strong> persons, or <strong>of</strong> objectssuch as aircraft, ships, or tanks, or <strong>of</strong> phenomenasuch as communications-electronics patterns.2. In ground combat operations, thedetermination that an object is similar within acategory <strong>of</strong> something already known; e.gltank, truck, man.recognition siguai-Any prearranged signalwhich individuals or units may identify eachother.recoilless rifle (heayY)-A weapon capable <strong>of</strong>being fired from either a ground mount or froma vehicle, <strong>and</strong> capable <strong>of</strong> desuoying tanks.recompression chamber-See hyperbaric chamber.reconnatssance(•)-A IDISSIOn undenaken toobtain, by visual observation or other detectionmethods, information about the activities <strong>and</strong>resources <strong>of</strong> an enemy or potential enemy, orto secure data concerning the meteorological,hydrographic, or geographic characteristics <strong>of</strong>a panicular area.reconnaissance by fire(•)-A method <strong>of</strong> reconnaissancein which fire is placed on a suspectedenemy position to cause the enemy to disclosea presence by movement or return <strong>of</strong> frre.reconnaissanc:eexploltationreport(•)-A st<strong>and</strong>ardmessage format used to repon the results <strong>of</strong> a/~I
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>tactical air reconiwssance mission. Wheneverpossible the repon_ should include the interpretation<strong>of</strong> sensor imagery. Also calledRECCEXREP.reconnaissance in fon:e(•)-An <strong>of</strong>fensive operationdesigned to discover <strong>and</strong>/or test the enemy'sstrength or to obtain other information.reconnaissance patrol-see patrol.reconnaissaace photography-Photography takento obtain information on the results <strong>of</strong> bombing,or on enemy movements, concentrations,activities, <strong>and</strong> forces. The primary purposesdo not include making maps, charts, or mosaics.reconstitution site-A location selected by thesurviving conun<strong>and</strong> authority as the site atwhich a damaged or destroyed headquarters canbe reformed from survivors <strong>of</strong> the attack <strong>and</strong>/orpersonnel from other sources, predesignated asreplacements.record as target(•)-In anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresuppon, the order used to denote that the wgetis to be recorded for future engagement orreference.recorded(•)-In anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfue suppan,the response used to indicate that the .action taken to "record as wget" bas beencompleted.record information-All fonns (e.g., narrative,graphic, data, computer memory) <strong>of</strong> informationregistered in either temporary or permanentform so that it can be retrieved, reproduced,or preserved.recoverable item-An item which normally is notconsumed in use <strong>and</strong> is subject to return forrepair or disposal. See also reparable item.recovery(•)-I. In air operations, that phase <strong>of</strong> amission which involves the return <strong>of</strong> an aircraftto a base. 2. In naval mine warfare, salvage<strong>of</strong> a mine as nearly intact as possible to permitfurther investigation for intelligence <strong>and</strong>/orevaluation purposes. See also salvage procedure.3. (<strong>DOD</strong>) In amphibious reconnaissance,the physical extraction <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ed forcesor their link-up with friendly forces.recovery airfield-Any airfield, military or civil,at which aircraft might l<strong>and</strong> post-H-hour. It isnot expected that combat missions would beconducted from a recovery airfield. See alsoairfield.recovery <strong>and</strong> reconstitutioa-Those actions takenby one nation prior to, during, <strong>and</strong> followingan attack by an enemy nation to minimize \heeffects <strong>of</strong> the attack, rehabilitate the nati<strong>of</strong>Weconomy, provide for the welfare <strong>of</strong> the pojulace,<strong>and</strong> maximize the combat potentiall<strong>of</strong>remaining forces <strong>and</strong> supponing activities.recovery controller(*)-The air controller responsiblefor the correct execution <strong>of</strong> recoveringaircraft to the appropriate tenninal controlagency.recovery procedures-See explosive ordnancedisposal procedures. ·recovery site-In evasion <strong>and</strong> escipe usage, anarea from which an evader or an escaper canbe evacuated.recovery vehide, medium-A full-tracked vehicledesigned for crew rescue <strong>and</strong> recovery <strong>of</strong> tanks<strong>and</strong> other vehicles under battlefield conditions.Designated as M88Al.recovery zone-A designated geographic area fromwhich special operations forces can be extract~ed by air, boat, or other means. Also calledRZ.317
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-Glrectification(*)-ln photogrammetry, the process<strong>of</strong> projecting a tilt¢ or oblique photograph onto a horizontal reference plane.rectified ainpeed-See calibrated airspeed.rectifier(*)-A device for convening alternatingcurrent into direct current. See also Inverter.recuperation-Not to be used. See recovery <strong>and</strong>reconstitution.recurring dem<strong>and</strong>-A request by an authorized"requisitioner to satisfy a materiel requirementfor consumption or stock replenishment that isanticipated to recur periodically. Dem<strong>and</strong>s for·which the probability <strong>of</strong> future occurrence isunknown will be considered as recurring.Recurring dem<strong>and</strong>s will be considered by thesupponing supply system in order to procure,store, <strong>and</strong> distribute materiel to meet similardem<strong>and</strong>s in the future.redeployment-The transfer <strong>of</strong> a unit, an individual,or supplies deployed in one area to anotherarea, or to another location within the area, orto the zone <strong>of</strong> interior for the purpose <strong>of</strong> furtheremployment.redeployment airfield(*)-An airfield not occupiedin its entirety in peacetime, but availableinunediately upon outbreak <strong>of</strong> war for use <strong>and</strong>occupation by units redeployed from theirpeacetime locations. It must have substantiallythe same st<strong>and</strong>ard <strong>of</strong> operational facilities as amain airfield. Sec also airfield; altemativeairfield; depal'tllr.e airfield; maiD airfield.redesipated site-A surviving facility that may beredesignated. as the comm<strong>and</strong> c:emer to carryon the functions or an incapacitated altemateheadquarters <strong>and</strong>/or fadllty.Redeye-A lightweightmanponable, shoulder-firedair defense anillery weapon for low altitude airdefense <strong>of</strong> forward combat area troops. Designatedas FIM-43.redistribution-The act <strong>of</strong> effecting transfer incontrol, utilization, or location <strong>of</strong> materialbetween units or activities within or among the<strong>Military</strong> Services or between the <strong>Military</strong>Services <strong>and</strong> other Federal agencies.reduced cbarge-1. The smaller <strong>of</strong> the twopropelling charges available for naval guns. 2.Charge employing a reduced amount <strong>of</strong> propellantto fire a gun at shon ranges as comparedto a nonnal charge. Sec also normal cbarge.reduced lighting(*)-The reduction in brightness<strong>of</strong> ground vehicle lights by either reducingpower or by screening in such a way that anyvisible light is limited in output. Sec atfaormalligbti"'. · Jreduced operational status-Applies to the <strong>Military</strong>Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong> ships withdrawn fromfull operational status (FOS) because <strong>of</strong> decreasedoperational requirements. A ship inreduced operational status is cre~ed in aCcordancewith shipboard maintenance <strong>and</strong> possiblefuture operational requirements with crew sizepredetermined contractually. The condition <strong>of</strong>readineSs in tenus <strong>of</strong> ~endar days required toattain full operational status is designated bythe numeral following the acronym ROS (i.e.,ROS-S). Also called ROS. See also <strong>Military</strong>Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>.reduction-The creation <strong>of</strong> lanes through a minefieldor obstacle to allow passage <strong>of</strong> the attackingground force.reduction (photographic)-The production <strong>of</strong> anegative, diapositive, or print at a scale smallerthan the original.reefer-1. A refrigerator. 2. A motor vehicle,railroad freight car, ship, aircraft, or other318
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>conveyance, so constructed <strong>and</strong> insulated as toprotect commodities from either heat or cold.reentry phase-That ponion <strong>of</strong> the trajectory <strong>of</strong> aballistic missile or space vehicle where there isa significant interaction <strong>of</strong> the vehicle <strong>and</strong> theEarth's aanosphere. See also boost phase;midcourse phase; termiDal phase.reentry vehicle(*)-That pan <strong>of</strong> a space vehicledesigned to ~nter the Eanb 's aanosphere inthe terminal ponion <strong>of</strong> its trajectory. See alsomaneuverable reentry vehicle; multiplereentry vehicle.reference box(*)-The identification box placed inthe margin <strong>of</strong> a map or chan which containsthe series designation, sheet number <strong>and</strong> editionnumber in a readily identified form. Alsocalled refer to box. See also iDformationbox.reference datum(*)-As used in the loading <strong>of</strong>aircraft, an imaginary venical plane at ot nearthe nose <strong>of</strong> the aircraft from which all horizontaldistances are measured for balance purposes.Diagrams <strong>of</strong> each aircraft show this referencedatum as •balance station iero. •reference diveriion point{*)-One <strong>of</strong> a number <strong>of</strong>positions selected by the routing authority onboth sides <strong>of</strong> the route <strong>of</strong> a convoy or indepen- .dent to facilitate diversion at sea.reference point(*)-A prominent, easily locatedpoint in the terrain.refer-to box-see reference box.reftected shock wave-When a shock wave travelingin a medium strikes the interface betweenthis medium <strong>and</strong> a denser medium, pan <strong>of</strong> theenergy <strong>of</strong> the shock wave induces a shock wavein the denser medium <strong>and</strong> the remainder <strong>of</strong> theenergy results in the formation <strong>of</strong> a reflectedshock wave that travels back through the lessdense medium. See also shock wave.reflection(*)-Energy divened back from theinterface <strong>of</strong> two media. The reflection may bespecular (i.e. direct) or diffuse according to thenature <strong>of</strong> the contact surfaces.reftex ·rorce-As applied to Air Force units, thatpan <strong>of</strong> the alen force maintained overseas or atzone <strong>of</strong> interior forward bases by scheduledrotations.reftex sigbt(*)-An optical or computing sight thatreflects a reticle image (or images) onto acombining glass for superimposition on thetarget.refuge area(*)-A coastal area considered ·iefrom enemy attack to which merchant s psmay be ordered to proceed when the shipp gmovement policy is implemented. See sosafe anchorage.refugee-A civilian who, by reason <strong>of</strong> real orimagined danger, has left home to seek safetyelsewhere. See also displaced person; evacuee;expellee.regimeutall<strong>and</strong>inc team-A task organization forl<strong>and</strong>ing comprised <strong>of</strong> an infantry regimentreinforced by- those elements which are requiredfor initiation <strong>of</strong> its combat functionashore.register(*)-ln cartography, the correct position <strong>of</strong>one component <strong>of</strong> a composite map image inrelation to the other components, at each stage<strong>of</strong> production.register marks
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>registration-The adjustment <strong>of</strong> fire to detenninefiring data corrections.registration fue(•)-Fire delivered to obtainaccurate data for subsequent effective engagement<strong>of</strong> wgets. See also Ore.registration point(•)-Terrain feature or otherdesignated point on which fire is adjU:Sted forthe purpose <strong>of</strong> obtaining corrections to firingdata.regrade-To detennine that certain classifiedinformation requires, in the inter~ts <strong>of</strong> nationaldefense, a higher or a lower degree <strong>of</strong> protectionagainst unauthorized disclosure than currentlyprovided, coupled with a changing <strong>of</strong> theclassification designation to reflect such higheror lower degree.regroup airfield-Any airfield, military or civil, atwhich post-H-hour reassembling <strong>of</strong> aircraft isplanned for the express purpose <strong>of</strong> reanning,recocking, <strong>and</strong> resumption <strong>of</strong> armed alen,overseas deployment, or conducting furthercombat missions. See also airfield.regular drill-See unit training usembly.regulated item(*)-Any item whose issue to a useris subject to control by an appropriate authorityfor reasons that may include cost, scarcity,technical or hazardous nature, or operationalsignificance. Also called controlled item. Seealso critical supplies <strong>and</strong> materiel.regulating station-A comm<strong>and</strong> agency establishedto control all movements <strong>of</strong> personnel<strong>and</strong> supplies into or out <strong>of</strong> a given area.rehabilitation(*)-I. The processing, usually in arelatively quiet area, <strong>of</strong> units or individualsrecently withdrawn from combat or arduousduty, during which units recondition equipment<strong>and</strong> are rested, furnished special facilities,filled up with replacements, issued replacementsupplies <strong>and</strong> equipment, given training, <strong>and</strong>generally made ready for employment in futureoperations. 2. The action performed in restoringan installation to authorized design st<strong>and</strong>ards.reiDforcement training UDit-See voluntarytraining unit.reinforcing(*)-ln artillery usage, tactical missionin which one artillery unit augments the fire <strong>of</strong>another artillery unit.reinforcing obstacles-Those obstacles specificallyconstructed, emplaced, or detonated throughmilitary effon <strong>and</strong> designed to strengthenexisting terrain to disrupt, ftx, tum, or bilkenemy movement. See also obstacle.relateral teD(*)-The relay <strong>of</strong> information betw nfacilities through the use <strong>of</strong> a third facility.This type <strong>of</strong> telling is appropriate betweenautomated facilities in a degraded conununica- (\:tions environment. See also track telliDg.relative altitude-See vertical separation.relative aperture-The ratio <strong>of</strong> the equivalentfocal length to the diameter <strong>of</strong> the entrancepupil <strong>of</strong> photographic lens expressed f:4.5, etc.Also called f-number; stop; aperture stop; ordiapbragm stop.relative bearing(*)-The direction expressed as ahorizontal angle nonnally measured clockwisefrom the forward point <strong>of</strong> the longitudinal axis<strong>of</strong> a vehicle, aircraft or ship to an object orbody. See also bearing; grid bearing.relative biological etTectiveness-The ratio <strong>of</strong> thenumber <strong>of</strong> rads <strong>of</strong> ganuna (or X) radiation <strong>of</strong> acenain energy which will produce a specifiedbiological effect to the number <strong>of</strong> rads <strong>of</strong>another radiation required to produce the same320
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>effect is the relative biological effectiveness <strong>of</strong>the latter radiation.release(*)-ln air annament, the intentional separation<strong>of</strong> a free-fall aircraft store, from its suspensionequipment, for purposes <strong>of</strong> employment<strong>of</strong> the store~release altitude-Altitude <strong>of</strong> an aircraft above theground at the time <strong>of</strong> release <strong>of</strong> bombs, rockets,missiles, tow targets, etc.release point (road)-A well-defined point on aroute at which the elements composing a col-. umn return under the authority <strong>of</strong> their respectivecomm<strong>and</strong>ers, each one <strong>of</strong> these elementscontinuing its movement towards its ownappropriate destination.releasing comm<strong>and</strong>er (nuclear weapous)-Aconun<strong>and</strong>er who has been delegated authorityto approve the use <strong>of</strong> nuclear weapons withinprescribed limits. See also comm<strong>and</strong>er(s);executing comm<strong>and</strong>er (nuclear weapous).releasing <strong>of</strong>ficer-A properly designated individualwho may authorize the sending <strong>of</strong> a messagefor <strong>and</strong> in the name <strong>of</strong> the originator. See alsooriginator.. reliability diagram(*)-ln cartography, a diagramshowing the dates <strong>and</strong> quality <strong>of</strong> the sourcematerial from which a map or chan has beencompiled. See also information box.reliability <strong>of</strong> source-See evaluation.relief(*)-Inequalities <strong>of</strong> evaluation <strong>and</strong> the configuration<strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> features on the surface <strong>of</strong> theEarth which may be represented on maps orcharts by contours, hypsometric tints, shading,or spot elevations.relief in place(*)-An operation in which, bydirection <strong>of</strong> higher authority, all or pan <strong>of</strong> aunit is replaced in an area by the incomingunit. The responsibilities <strong>of</strong> the replacedelements for the mission <strong>and</strong> the assigned zone<strong>of</strong> operations are transferred to the incomingunit. The incoming unit continues the operationas ordered.religious ministry support-The entire spectrum<strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional duties to include providing foror facilitating essential religious needs <strong>and</strong>practices, pastoral care, family support programs,religious education, volunteer <strong>and</strong>community activities, <strong>and</strong> programs performedto enhance morale <strong>and</strong> moral, ethical, <strong>and</strong>personal well being. Enlisted religious supportpersonnel assist the chaplain in providingreligious ministry support. See also comm<strong>and</strong>chaplain; comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain <strong>of</strong> the combatantcomm<strong>and</strong>; lay leader or lay reader;us:r·religiom ministry support plan;ministry support team; Service compocomm<strong>and</strong> chaplain.religiom ministry support plan-A plan thatdescribes the way in which religious supportpersonnel will provide religious support to allmembers <strong>of</strong> a joint force. When approved bythe comm<strong>and</strong>er, it may be included as an annexto operation plans. See also comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain;comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain <strong>of</strong> the combatantcomm<strong>and</strong>; lay leader or lay reader; religiomministry support; religious ministry supportteam; Service component comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain.religiom ministry support team-A team that iscomposed <strong>of</strong> a chaplain <strong>and</strong> an Army ChaplainAssistant or Navy Religious Program Specialistor Air Force Chaplain Service Support Personnelor Coast Guard yeoman. The team workstogether in designing, implementing, <strong>and</strong>executing the comm<strong>and</strong> religious program. Seealso comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain; comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain<strong>of</strong> the combatant comm<strong>and</strong>; lay leader or layreader; religious ministry support; religiousministry support plan; Service componentcomm<strong>and</strong> chaplain.321
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>remain-behind equipment-Unit equipment leftby deploying forces at their bases when. theydeploy.remaining forces-The total surviving UnitedStates forces at any given stage <strong>of</strong> combatoperations.remote delivery(*)-ln mine warfare, the delivery·<strong>of</strong> mines to a target area by any m~ otherthan direct emplacement. The exact position <strong>of</strong>mines so laid may not be known.remotely pDoted vebicle(*)-An unmanned vehiclecapable <strong>of</strong> being controlled from a distantlocation through a communication link. It isnonnally designed to be recoverable. See alsodrone.render safe procedures-See explosive ordnancedisposal procedures.rendezvous(*)-1. A pre-arranged mtering at agiven time <strong>and</strong> location from which to begin anaction or phase <strong>of</strong> an operation, or to which toreturn after an operation. See also joiD-up. 2.In l<strong>and</strong> warfare, an easily found terrain locationat which visitors to units, headquarters orfacilities are met by persoDDel from the elementto be visited. See also contact poillt.rendezvous area-In an amphibious operation, thearea in which the l<strong>and</strong>ing craft <strong>and</strong> amphibiousvehicles rendezvous to form waves after beingloaded, <strong>and</strong> prior to movemem to the line <strong>of</strong>depanure.reorder cycle-The interval between successivereorder (procurement) actions.reorder point-1. That point at which time astock replenishment requisition would be submittedto maintain the predetermined or calculatedstockage objective. 2. The sum <strong>of</strong> thesafety level <strong>of</strong> supply plus the level for order322<strong>and</strong> shipping time equals the reorder point.See also level <strong>of</strong> supply.repair-The restoration <strong>of</strong> an item to serviceablecondition through correction <strong>of</strong> a specificfailure or unserviceable condition. See alsooverbaul; rebuild.repair cycle-The stages through which a reparableitem passes from the time <strong>of</strong> its removal orreplacement until it is reinstalled or placed instock in a serviceable condition.repair cycle aircraft-Aircraft in the active inventorythat are in or awaiting depot maintenance,including those in transit to or from depotmaintenance.reparable item-An item that can be reconditiodor economically repaired for reuse when .becomes unserviceable. See also recoverabitem.repatriate-A person who returns to his or hercountry or citizenship, having left his or hernative country, either against his or her will, oras one <strong>of</strong> a group who left for reason <strong>of</strong> politics,religion,' or other pertinent reasons.repeat(*)-~ anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire suppon,an order or request to fire again the samenumber <strong>of</strong> rounds with the same method <strong>of</strong>fire.repeater-jammer(*)-A receiver transmitter devicewhich amplifies, multiplies <strong>and</strong> retransmits thesignals received, for purposes <strong>of</strong> deception orjamming.replacement dem<strong>and</strong>-A dem<strong>and</strong> representingreplacement <strong>of</strong> items consumed or worn out.replacement factor(•)-The estimated percentage<strong>of</strong> equipment or repair pans in use that willrequire replacement during a given period dueto wearing out beyond repair, enemy action,I~~~
abaDdomnem, pilferage, aDdexcept catastrophes. ·other causes<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>the person authorized to make modifications toa fire plan, for a modification.replacemeati-Persozmel required to take tbe place<strong>of</strong> others who depan a UDit.repleaisbmeal at sea(*)-Those operatioDs requiredto make a ttaDSfer <strong>of</strong> pmoDDel md/orsupplies when at sea.reply(*)-An auswer to a cballqe. See alsodlalleage; eouatersip; password.reported mdt-A unit designation that bas beenmemicmed iD an qem report, capaued ctocumem,or interrogation report, but for whichavailable information is iDsufficieat to includethe unit iD accepted order <strong>of</strong> bailie holdiDp.reportiag post(*)-AD element <strong>of</strong> the comrol <strong>and</strong>reportina l)'lteiD used to alelld lbe radarcoverage <strong>of</strong> tbe comrol IDd reponiJI& cearer.It does not IIDdCitake tbe comrol <strong>of</strong> aircraft.reportiDg time bltenal-1. 1D IUrVeill•nce. the· time imerval between tbe detectiou <strong>of</strong> an evemaDd the receipt <strong>of</strong> a repon by die user. 2. IDcommunications, the··time for transmission <strong>of</strong>dala or a repon from lbe originarina termiDilto the cud receiver. See also Dear raJ time.npresert•tive dowawiDd directiGD(*)-DuriiJatbe forecast period, the mean surface doWDWiDdclirection iD the hazard area towards which thecloud travels.repl"""rt•tive downwiDd speed(•)-The meansurface downwiDd speed iD die hazard areaduriDg the forecast period.representative fradioa-The scale <strong>of</strong> a map,cban, or photograph expressed as a fraction orratio. See also scale.request modify(·~w anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresupport, a request by any person, other tbannquind delivery date-A dare, relative to C-day,when a unit must arrive at its destination <strong>and</strong>complete omoading to properly support theconcept <strong>of</strong> operations. Also called RDD.nquind supply nte (ammmdtion)-ID Armyusage; the amount <strong>of</strong> ammunition expressed interms <strong>of</strong> rounds per weapon per day for ammunitionitems fired by weapons, <strong>and</strong> in terms <strong>of</strong>other units <strong>of</strong> measure per day for bulk allotmemaDd other items, estimated to be requiredto sustain operations <strong>of</strong> any designated forcewithout restriction for a specified period.Tactical c:omm<strong>and</strong>ers use this rate to state theirrequirements for amnnmition to supportpliiiDed tactical operations at specified intervals.The required supply rate is submittedtbroup comm<strong>and</strong> channels. It is consolidaledat each echelon aDd is considered by eachCOIIIIDIDder in subsequently determining thecomroUed supply rate within the comm<strong>and</strong>.reqalnmeats capabDlty-1bis capability providesa <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> ExecutionSystem user tbe ability to ideutify, update,review, IDd delete clara on forces IDd sustainmeatrequired to support an operation plan orcourse <strong>of</strong> action..nquisltioa(*)-1. An authoritative dem<strong>and</strong> orrequest especially for personnel, supplies, orservices authorized but not made availablewithout specific request. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 2. To demaudor require services from an invaded orconquered nation.nquisltioniDg objective-The maximum quantities<strong>of</strong> DWeriel to be maintajnfd on baud aDd onorder to sustain current operations. It willcemsist <strong>of</strong> the sum <strong>of</strong> stocks represemed by theoperating level, safety level, <strong>and</strong> the order <strong>and</strong>·323
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-G2shipping time or procurement lead time, asappropriate. See also level <strong>of</strong> supply.racue combat air patrol-An aircraft patrolprovided over a combat search aDd rescueobjective area for the purpose <strong>of</strong> imerceptiugaDd desuoyiua hostile aircraft. Its primarymission is to protect the search aad rescue taskforces cluriDa recovery operations. See alsocombat air patrol.rescue coonlillation c:mter-A primary seaich aadrescue facility suitably staffed by supervisorypersoDDCl <strong>and</strong> equipped for coordinariq aDdcontro11iD& search <strong>and</strong> rescue operations. Thefacility may be operated UDilaterally by periODDel <strong>of</strong> a single Service (rescue coordiDatioaaater), joiDtly by perscmnel <strong>of</strong> two or moreServices (JoiDt rescue coonlillatiou c:eater), orit may have a combined staff <strong>of</strong> persmmel fromtwo or more allied Dltioas (cambiDed rescuecoordillatioa ceater). Formerly called Searchad Rescue Coordillation Ceater. Also calledRCC orJRCC.rescue sblp(*)-In ihippiug comrol, a ship <strong>of</strong> aCODVoy Stllioaed at tbe rear <strong>of</strong> a C1111Voy columnto rescue survivors.research-All effort direcled toward iDcreuedkDowlqe <strong>of</strong> DltUral pheDomeaa aud eavinmmem<strong>and</strong> toward the solution <strong>of</strong> problems in allfields <strong>of</strong> science. This iDcludes basic aDdapplied research. ·ilseau(")-A grid system <strong>of</strong> a staDdud size iD tbeimqe plme <strong>of</strong> a pbotoJI'IPhic system used formeasuration purposes.nsenatioD-The awed qualification by a Dlliontbal describes tbe pan <strong>of</strong> a staDdardizationapeemem that it will not implemem or willimplemem only with limitations. See alsoimplememation; ratification; subscription.resene-1. Portion <strong>of</strong> J body <strong>of</strong> troopS which iskept to the rear, or wtthbeld from acdon 11 thebegiDniug <strong>of</strong> an qagemem, available for adecisive movemeat. 2. Members <strong>of</strong> tbe <strong>Military</strong>Services who are DOt in active service butwbo are subject to call to active clut)'. 3.Ponion <strong>of</strong> an appropriation or comract authorizationheld or set uide for future operations orCOJJtiDaencies <strong>and</strong> in respect to wbich administrativeauthorization to incur commitmems orobliptions bas been witbbeld. See also paeralnserYe; operaticmal ,...,e; nsel'\'emppli•.resetW alrcraft-1bose aircraft which have beenacamJI•ted iD excess <strong>of</strong> jmmedjare needs foractive aircraft llld are retained iD the iDveatoryapiDst possible future needs. See also aircraft.resene eompoueat catepry-1be category thatideDtifies an iDdiviclual's status in a reservecompoDmlt. Tbe tbree reserve c:omponelllcateaories are Ready Reserve, St<strong>and</strong>by Reserve,ad Recired Racrve. Each reserviat isidenrified by a specific reserve compcmemcategory desipatiOJL... •e Ccapoae"-Reserve Compouems <strong>of</strong>tbeArmed Forces <strong>of</strong> the United States are: a. tbeArmy Nllicmal Guard <strong>of</strong> tbe United Swes; b.the Army Racrve; c. the Naval Racrve; d.the MlriDe Corps Racrve: e. tbe .. Air NllionalGuard <strong>of</strong> tbe Uaited Swes: f. tbe Air ForceRacrve; aDd •· tbe Coast Guard Racrve.nserYed demolltlcm tarpt(*)-A target for demolition,the destruction <strong>of</strong> which must be controlledat a specific level <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> twnnseit playa a vital part in the tactical or strateaicplm, or because <strong>of</strong> tbe importance <strong>of</strong> tbeltrUCIUre itself, or beamse tbe demolition maybe exeaned in the face <strong>of</strong> the enemy. See also ·demoUtion taraet.~.(\\324
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>rese"ed obstacles~ Those demolition obstaclesthat are deemed critical to the plan for whichthe authority to detonate is reserved by thedesignating comm<strong>and</strong>er. See also obstacle.reserved route(*)-ln road traffic, a specific routeallocated exclusively to an authority or fonnation.See also route.reserve supplies-Supplies accumulated in excess<strong>of</strong> immediate needs for the purpose <strong>of</strong> ensuringcontinuity <strong>of</strong> an adequate supply. Also calledreserves. See also battle reserves; beachreserves; contingency retention stock; economicretention stock; individual reserves;initial reserves; unit reserves.residual cootaminadon(*)-Contamination whichremains after steps have been taken to removeit. These steps may consist <strong>of</strong> nothing morethan allowing the contamination to decaynormally.residual forces-Unexpended ponions <strong>of</strong> theremaining United States forces that have animmediate combat potential for continuedmilitary operations, <strong>and</strong> that have been deliberatelywithheld from utilization.·residual radiation(*)-Nuclear radiation caused byfallout, anificial dispersion <strong>of</strong> . radioactivematerial, or irradiation which results from anuclear explosion. <strong>and</strong> persists longer than oneminute after burst. See also contamio•tion;induced radiation; initial radiation.residual radioactivity-Nuclear radiation thatresults from radioactive sources <strong>and</strong> whichpersists for longer than one minute. Sources <strong>of</strong>residual radioactivity created by nuclear explosionsinclude fiSsion fragments <strong>and</strong> radioactivematter created primarily by neutron activation,but also by ganuna <strong>and</strong> other radiation activation.Other possible sources <strong>of</strong> residual radioactivityinclude radioactive material created <strong>and</strong>dispersed by means other than nuclear explo-sion. See also contamination; induced radiation;initial radiation.resistance movement-An organized effon bysome ponion <strong>of</strong> the civil population <strong>of</strong> a countryto resist the legally established govenunentor an occupying power <strong>and</strong> to disrupt civilor~er <strong>and</strong> stability.resolution(*)-A measurement <strong>of</strong> the smallestdetail which can be distinguished by a sensorsystem under specific conditions.resource <strong>and</strong> unit monitoring-Worldwide <strong>Military</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System applicationsystems that suppon approved requirementsrelating to resource <strong>and</strong> unit monitoring, readinessassessment, situation assessment, <strong>and</strong>operations by integrating data from functi~areas such as operations, logistics, perso!Ufl,<strong>and</strong> medical.lresources-The forces, materiel, <strong>and</strong> other assetsor capabilities apponioned or allocated to thecomm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> a unified or specified comm<strong>and</strong>.response force-A mobile force with appropriatefire suppon designated, usually by the areaconun<strong>and</strong>er' to deal with Level n threats in therear area.responsibility-!. The obligation to cariy forwardan assigned task to a successful conclusion.With responsibility goes authority to direct <strong>and</strong>take the necessary action to ensure success. 2.The obligation for the proper custody, care,<strong>and</strong> safekeeping <strong>of</strong> property or funds entrustedto the possession or supervision <strong>of</strong> an individual.See also accountability.responsor(*)-An electronic device used to receivean electronic challenge <strong>and</strong> display a reply ·thereto.rest(*)-In anillery, a comm<strong>and</strong> that indicates thatthe unit(s) or gun(s) to which it is addressed325
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lshall not follow up fire orders during the timethat the order is in force.rest <strong>and</strong> recuperation-The withdrawal <strong>of</strong> individualsfrom combat or duty in a combat area forshon periods <strong>of</strong> rest <strong>and</strong> recuperation. Alsocalled R&R. See also rehabilitation.restart at ••• (*)-In anillery, a tenn used torestart a fire plan after· "dwell at ... " or"check firing" or "cease loading" IW beenordered.restitution(*)-The process <strong>of</strong> determining the trueplanimetric position <strong>of</strong> objects whose imagesappear on photographs.restitution factor-See correlation factor.restraint factor(*)-ln air ttanspon, a factor,normally expressed in multiples <strong>of</strong> the force <strong>of</strong>gravity, which determines the required s~ength<strong>of</strong> lashings <strong>and</strong> tie-downs to secure a panicularload.restraint <strong>of</strong> loads-The process <strong>of</strong> binding, lashing,<strong>and</strong> wedging items into one unit or into itstransponer in a manner that will ensure immobilityduring transit.restricted air cargo-See cargo.restricted area-l. An area O<strong>and</strong>, sea, or air) inwhich there are special restrictive measuresemployed to prevenr ("!' minimize interferencebetween friendly fo;: ,:.:::s. 2. An area undermilitary jurisdiction in which special securitymeasures are employed to prevent unauthorizedentry. See also air surface zones; controlledfiring area; restricted areas (air).restricted areas (air)-Designated areas establishedby appropriate authority- over whichflight <strong>of</strong> aircraft is restricted. They are shownon aeronautical chans <strong>and</strong> published in notices326to ainnen, <strong>and</strong> publications <strong>of</strong> aids to air navigation.See also restricted area.restricted dangerous air cargo(*)-Cargo whichdoes not belong to the highly dangerous categorybut which is hazardous <strong>and</strong> requires, fortranspon by cargo or passenger aircraft, extraprecautions in packing <strong>and</strong> h<strong>and</strong>ling.restricted data-All data (infonnation) concerning:a. design, manufacture, or use <strong>of</strong> atomicweapons; b. the production <strong>of</strong> special nuclearmaterial; or c. the use <strong>of</strong> special nuclearmaterial in the production <strong>of</strong> energy, but shallnot include data declassified or removed fromthe restricted data category pursuant to Section142 <strong>of</strong> the Atomic Energy Act. (Section 11 w,Atomic Energy Act <strong>of</strong> 1954, as amended.) Sralso formerly restricted data.restricted operatioas area~)-Airspace <strong>of</strong> defJdimensions, designated by the airspace controlauthority, in response to specific operationalsituations/requirements within which the operation<strong>of</strong> one or more airspace users is restricted.restrictive fire plan(*)-A safety measure forfriendly aircraft which establishes airspace thatis reasonably safe from friendly surface deliverednon-nuclear fires.resume-In air intercept usage a code meaning,"Resume last patrol ordered."resupply(*)-The act <strong>of</strong> replenishing stocks inorder to maintain required levels <strong>of</strong> supply.retain-When used in the context <strong>of</strong> deliberateplanning, the directed comm<strong>and</strong> will keep thereferenced operation plan, operation plan inconcept format, or concept summary <strong>and</strong> anyassociated <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning System or<strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution Systemautomated data processing files in an inactivelibrary or status. The plan <strong>and</strong> its associatedfiles will not be maintained unless directed by,f'\/'\,''
See also archive; mainfollow-on gui~.tain.retard-A request from a spotter to indicate thatthe illuminating projectile burst is desired laterin relation to the subsequent bursts <strong>of</strong> highexplosive projectiles.retide(*)-A mark such as a cross or a system <strong>of</strong>lines lying in the image plane <strong>of</strong> a viewingapparatus. It may be used singly as a ·referencemark on certain types <strong>of</strong> monocular instrumentsor as one <strong>of</strong> a pair to form a floating mark asin certain types <strong>of</strong> stereoscopes. See alsograticule.retirement(*)-An operation in which a force out ·<strong>of</strong> contact moves away from the enemy.retirement route-The track or series <strong>of</strong> tracksalong which helicopters move from a specificl<strong>and</strong>ing site or l<strong>and</strong>ing zone. See also a~proacb route; helicopter laDe.retr<strong>of</strong>it action-Action taken to modify inserviceequipment. RF-4-See Phantom D.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>by US military authority. Also called RMC.See also casualty status; duty status • whereaboutsunknown; missing.return load(*)-Personnel <strong>and</strong>/or cargo to betransponed by a returning carrier.retum to base-Proceed to the point indicated bythe displayed information. This point is beingused to return the aircraft to a place at whichthe aircraft can l<strong>and</strong>. Comm<strong>and</strong> heading,speed, <strong>and</strong> altitude may be used, if desired.Also called RTB.revolutionary-An individual attempting to effecta social or political change through the use <strong>of</strong>extreme measures. See also antiterrorism.revolving fund-A fund established to tinancf acycle <strong>of</strong> operations to which reimburse~epts<strong>and</strong> collections are returned for reuse iJt amanner such as will maintain the principal <strong>of</strong>the fund, e.g., working capital funds, industrialfunds, <strong>and</strong> loan funds.retrograde cargo-Cargo evacuated from a theater<strong>of</strong> operations.retrograde movement-Any movement <strong>of</strong> acomm<strong>and</strong> to the rear, or away from the enemy.It may be forced by the enemy or may be madevolunwily. Such movements may be classifiedas withdrawal, retirement, or delaying action.retrograde operatlOD-Seeretrogrademovemeat.retrograde personnel-Personnel evacuated froma theater <strong>of</strong> operations who may include medicalpatients, noncombatants, <strong>and</strong> civilians.returned to military control-The status <strong>of</strong> aperson whose casualty status <strong>of</strong> duty status -whereabouts unknown or missing has beenchanged due to the person's return or recoveryRGM~See St<strong>and</strong>ard SSM (ARM).RGM-84-See Harpoon.RB-53-See Sea Stallion.right (left) bank-See left (right) bank.right (or left)-See left (or right).RIM-66-See St<strong>and</strong>ard Missile.RIM-67-see St<strong>and</strong>ard Missile.RINT -see unintentional radiation intelligence. ·riot control agent-A chemical that producestemporary irriwing or disabling effects whenin contact with the eyes or when inhaled.327
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>riot control operations-The employment <strong>of</strong> riotcontrol agents <strong>and</strong>ior special tactics, fonnations<strong>and</strong> equipment in the control <strong>of</strong> violent disorders.rising mine(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a minehaving positive buoyancy which is releasedfrom a sinker by a ship influence or by atiming device. The mine may rue by contact,hydroswic pressure or other means.risk-See degree <strong>of</strong> risk (nuclear).riverine area-An inl<strong>and</strong> or coastal area comprisingboth l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> water, characterized bylimited l<strong>and</strong> lines <strong>of</strong> communication, withextensive water surface <strong>and</strong>/or inl<strong>and</strong> waterwaysthat provide natural routes for surfacetransponation <strong>and</strong> communications.riverine operatioDS-Operations conducted byforces organized to cope with <strong>and</strong> exploit theunique characteristics <strong>of</strong> a riverine area, tolocate <strong>and</strong> destroy hostile forces, <strong>and</strong>/or toachieve, or maintain control <strong>of</strong> the riverinearea. <strong>Joint</strong> riverine operations combine l<strong>and</strong>,naval, <strong>and</strong> air operations, as appropriate, <strong>and</strong>are suited to the nature <strong>of</strong> the specific riverinearea in which operations are to be conducted.RLD-See ready-to-load date.RMC-See returned to military control.road block(*)-A barrier or obstacle (usually· ·covered by fire)_ used to block, or limit themovement <strong>of</strong>, hostile vehicles along a route.road capadty-The maximum traffic flow obtainableon a given roadway, using all availablelanes, usually expressed in vehicles per hour orvehicles per day.road dearance time(*)-The total time a columnrequires to travel over <strong>and</strong> clear a section <strong>of</strong>the road.328road hazard sign(*)-A sign used to indicatetraffic hazards. <strong>Military</strong> hazard signs shouldbe used in a communications zone area only inaccordance with existing agreements withnational authorities.road net-The system <strong>of</strong> roads available within aparticular locality or area.road space(*)-The length <strong>of</strong> roadway allocatedto, <strong>and</strong>/or actually occupied by, a column on aroute, expressed in miles or kilometers.rocket propulsion-Reaction propulsion whereinboth the fuel <strong>and</strong> the oxidizer, generating thehot gases expended through a nozzle, arecarried as pan <strong>of</strong> the rocket engine. Specifically,rocket propulsion differs from jet propEsion in that jet propulsion utilizes aanosphe cair as an oxidizer whereas rocket propulsi nutilizes nitric acid or a similar compound asoxidizer. See also jet propulsion.ROE-See rules <strong>of</strong> eugagement.roentgen(*)-A unit <strong>of</strong> exposure dose <strong>of</strong> gamma(or X-) radiation. In field dosimetry, oneroentgen is essentially equal to one rad.roentgen equivalent mammai-Qne roentgenequivalent mammal is the quantity <strong>of</strong> ionizingradiation <strong>of</strong> any type which, when absorbed byman or other mammal, produces a physiologicaleffect equivalent to that produced by theabsorption <strong>of</strong> 1 roentgen <strong>of</strong> X-ray or gammaradiation. Also called REM.Rol<strong>and</strong>-See US Rol<strong>and</strong>.role number(*)-ln the medical field, the classification<strong>of</strong> treaanent facilities according to theirdifferent capabilities.roD back-The process <strong>of</strong> progressive destruction<strong>and</strong>/or neutralization <strong>of</strong> the opposing defenses,starting at the periphery <strong>and</strong> working inward,/\. I
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>.eto permit deeper penetration <strong>of</strong> succeedingdefense positions~·roO-in-point-The point at which aircraft enter thefmal leg <strong>of</strong> the attack, e.g., dive, glide.roD-up-The process for orderly dismantling <strong>of</strong>facilities no longer required in suppon <strong>of</strong>operations <strong>and</strong> available for transfer to otherareas.romper(*)-A ship which has moved more than 10nautical miles ahead <strong>of</strong> its convoy, <strong>and</strong> isunable to rejoin it. See also straggler.rope(*)-An element <strong>of</strong> chaff consisting <strong>of</strong> a longroll <strong>of</strong> metallic foil or wire which is designedfor broad, low-frequency responses. See alsochaff.ROs-See reduced operational status.rotor govei"Di.Dg mode(*)-A control mode inwhich helicopter rotor speed is maintainedautomatically.roundout-See flare.rounds complete(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresuppon, the term used to repon that the number<strong>of</strong> rounds specified in fire for effect havebeen fired. See also shot.route(*)-The prescribed course to be traveledfrom a specific point <strong>of</strong> origin to a specificdestination. See also axial route; controlledroute; dispatch -route; lateral route; reservedroute; signed route; supervised route.route capacity(*)-1. The maximum traffic flow<strong>of</strong> vehicles in one direction at the most restrictedpoint on the route. 2. The maximumnumber <strong>of</strong> metric tons which can be moved inone direction over a particular route in onehour. It is the product <strong>of</strong> the maximum trafficflow <strong>and</strong> the average payload <strong>of</strong> the vehiclesusing the route. See also railway line capacity.route classification(*)-Classification assigned toa route using factors <strong>of</strong> minimum width, worstroute type, least bridge, raft or culven militaryload classification, <strong>and</strong> obstructions to trafficflo~. See also mDitary load classification.route lanes(*)-A series <strong>of</strong> parallel tracks for therouting <strong>of</strong> independently sailed ships.routine message-A category <strong>of</strong> precedence to beused for all types <strong>of</strong> messages that justifytransmission by rapid means unless <strong>of</strong> sufficienturgency to require a higher precedence. Seealso precedence.routing indicator-A group <strong>of</strong> letters ass3· gn toindicate: a. the geographic location <strong>of</strong> a -tion; b. a fiXed headquarters <strong>of</strong> a co ,activity, or unit at a geographic location; c.the general location <strong>of</strong> a tape relay or tributarystation to facilitate the routing <strong>of</strong> traffic overthe tape relay networks.row marker(*)-ln l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare, a natural,artificial, or specially installed marker, locatedat the stan <strong>and</strong> finish <strong>of</strong> a mine row wheremines are laid by individual rows.RRF -see Ready Reserve Force.RTB-See return to base.rules <strong>of</strong> engagement-Directives issued by competentmilitary authority which delineate thecircumstances <strong>and</strong> limiwions under whichUnited Swes forces will initiate <strong>and</strong>/or continuecombat engagement with other forces encountered.Also called ROE. See also law <strong>of</strong>war.nm-1. That part <strong>of</strong> a flight <strong>of</strong> one photographicreconnaissance aircraft during which photographsare taken. 2. The transit <strong>of</strong> a sweeper-329
JoinfPUb 1-<strong>02</strong>-sweep eonibination or <strong>of</strong> a Mine-hunter operatingits equipment· through a lap. · · This termmay also be applied tq .. a transit <strong>of</strong> any formation<strong>of</strong> sweq>ers.n•nning fix(*)~ The' intersection <strong>of</strong> two or moreposition lines~. not. bbtainec;l simultaneously,adjusted to a eomrilon rune~nmway(*)-A detmed rectangular area. <strong>of</strong> anairfield~ prep8red for the llneling <strong>and</strong> take<strong>of</strong>frun <strong>of</strong> airc~ alopg. its length.nmway ·~ nmge(•)-The maximum distancein the direction <strong>of</strong> take<strong>of</strong>f or l<strong>and</strong>ing at whichthe nmway. or sPecified lights or mar~delineating it, can be seen from a positionabove a specified point on its·. cerner line at aheight_ cd~nding to fhe average eye level·<strong>of</strong> pilots at' touch::cl,o~ ..mpture zone(~)-The region immectjarety adjacentto the crater bOundary in which the stressesprodUced by tile explosion have exceeded theultimate strengffi··ot the medium. It is cbaracte~by the appearanc.e,. <strong>of</strong> numerous radialcr;acks <strong>of</strong> varjtlus sizes~_ ·See aiso pJastlc zone.'· '\'' ,• oLJ. ,' ; 'fIRUR-SA~See aotiSubmirine rocket.·~ ' . .RZ-See recovery zone.330
s<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>'PS-3-See VikiDg.SAAFR-See st<strong>and</strong>ard tue Anny aircraft flightroute.sabot(*)-Lightweight carrier in which a subcaliberprojectile is centered to permit firing theprojectile in the larger caliber weapon. Thecarrier fills the bore <strong>of</strong> the weapon from whichthe projectile is frred; it is normally discardeda shon distance from the muzzle.sabotage-An act or acts with intent to injure,interfere with, or obstruct the national defense<strong>of</strong> a country by willfully injuring or destroying,or attempting to injure or destroy, any nationaldefense or war material, premises or utilities,to include human <strong>and</strong> natural resources.sabotage alert team-see security alert team.saboteur-One who commits sabotage. See alsoantiteJTOrism; countersabotage; sabotage.safe anchorage(*)-An anchorage oonsidered safefrom enemy attack to which merchant shipsmay be ordered to proceed when the shippingmovement policy is implemented. See alsorefuge area.safe area-A designated area in hostile territorythat <strong>of</strong>fers the evader or escapee a reasonablechance <strong>of</strong> avoiding capture <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> survivinguntil he can be evacuated.safe burst height(*)-The height <strong>of</strong> burst at orabove which the level <strong>of</strong> fallout, or damage toground installations is at a predetermined levelacceptable to the military comm<strong>and</strong>er. See alsotypes <strong>of</strong> bunt.safe current(*)-ln naval mine warfare, the maximumcurrent that can be supplied to a sweep ina given wavefonn <strong>and</strong> pulse cycle whichdoes not produce a danger area with respectto the mines being swept for.safe depth(*)-ln naval mine warfare, the shallowest·depth <strong>of</strong> water in which a ship will notactuate a bottom mine <strong>of</strong> the type under consideration.Safe depth is usually quoted for coruiitions<strong>of</strong> ship upright, calm sea <strong>and</strong> a givenspeed.safe distance(*)-ln naval mine warfare, thehorizontal range from the edge <strong>of</strong> the explosiondamage area to the center <strong>of</strong> the sweeper.Safeguard-A ballistic missile defense system~safe haven-1. Designated area(s) to which ncombatants <strong>of</strong> the United States Governme t'sresponsibility, <strong>and</strong> commercial vehicles <strong>and</strong>materiel, may be evacuated during a domesticor other valid emergency. 2. Temporarystorage provided Department <strong>of</strong> Energy classifiedshipment transponers at Department <strong>of</strong>Defense facilities in order to assure safety <strong>and</strong>security <strong>of</strong> nuclear material <strong>and</strong>/or nonnuclearclassified material. Also includes parking forcommercial vehicles containing Class A orClass B explosives.safe home-An innocent-appearing house orpremises established by an organization for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> conducting cl<strong>and</strong>estine or covenactivity in relative security.safe separation distance(*)-The minimum distancebetween the delivery system <strong>and</strong> theweapon beyond which the hazards associatedwith functioning (detonation) are acceptable.safe speed(*)-ln naval mine warfare, the speed atwhich a panicular ship can proceed without331
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>actuating a given influence mine, at the depthunder consideration, within the damage area.safety <strong>and</strong> arming mechanism(*)-A dual functiondevice which prevents the unintendedactivation <strong>of</strong> a main charge or propulsion unitprior to anning but allows activation thereafterupon receipt <strong>of</strong> the appropriate stimuli.safety aqle-See aqle <strong>of</strong> safety.safety device(*)-A device which prevents unintentionalfunctioning.safety distance(*)-ln road transport, the distancebetween vehicles traveling in column specifiedby the comm<strong>and</strong> in light <strong>of</strong> safety requirements.safety fuze(*)-A pyrotechnic contained in aflexible <strong>and</strong> weather-pro<strong>of</strong> sheath burning at atimed <strong>and</strong> constant rate, used to ttansmit aflame to the detonator.safety height-See altitude; mjnjmum safe altitude.safety lane(*)-Specified sea lane designated foruse in transit by submarine <strong>and</strong> surface ships toprevent attack by friendly forces.safety level <strong>of</strong> supply-The quantity <strong>of</strong> materiel,in addition to the operating level <strong>of</strong> supply,required to be on b<strong>and</strong> to permit continuousoperations in the event <strong>of</strong> minor interruption <strong>of</strong>normal replenishment or unpredictable fluctuationsin dem<strong>and</strong>. See also level <strong>of</strong> supply.safety line(*)-ln l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare, demarcationline for trip wire or wire-actuated mines in aminefield. It serves to protect the layingpersonnel. After the minefield is laid this lineis neither marked on the ground nor plotted onthe minefield record.safety pin-See arming wire.332safety wire(*)-A cable, wire, or lanyard attachedto the aircraft <strong>and</strong> routed to an expendableaircraft store to prevent arming initiation priorto store release. See also arming wire.safety zone(*)-An area (l<strong>and</strong>, sea, or air) reserv.edfor noncombat operations <strong>of</strong> friendlyaircraft, surface ships, submarines or groundforces. (Note: <strong>DOD</strong> does not use the word"submarines".)safe working load(*)-ln sea operations, themaximum load that can be safely applied to afitting, <strong>and</strong> normally shown on a label plateadjacent to the fitting. See also static testload.safiDg-As applied to weapons <strong>and</strong> ammunitiol,the changing from a state <strong>of</strong> readiness (itrinitiation to a safe condition.safiDg <strong>and</strong> arming mec:banism(*)-A mechanismwhose primary purpose is to prevent an unintendedfunctioning <strong>of</strong> the main charge <strong>of</strong> theammunition prior to completion <strong>of</strong> the armingdelay <strong>and</strong>, in tum, allow the explosive train <strong>of</strong>the ammunition to function after arming.Saint-A satellite inspector system designed todemonstrate the feasibility <strong>of</strong> intercepting,inspecting, <strong>and</strong> reponing on the characteristics<strong>of</strong> satellites in orbit.salted weapon(*)-A nuclear weapon which has,in addition to its normal components, certainelements or isotopes which capture neutrons atthe time <strong>of</strong> the explosion <strong>and</strong> produce radioactiveproducts over <strong>and</strong> above the usual radioactiveweapon debris. See also minimum residualradioactivity weapon.salvage-!. Propeny that has some value inexcess <strong>of</strong> its basic material content but which isin such condition that it has no reasonableprospect <strong>of</strong> use for any purpose as a unit <strong>and</strong>its repair or rehabiliwion for use as a unit is(\\
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>clearly impractical. 2. The saving or rescuing<strong>of</strong> condemned, discarded, or ab<strong>and</strong>oned property,<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> materials contained therein for reuse,refabrication, or scrapping.salvage group-In an amphibious operation, anaval task organization designated <strong>and</strong> equippedto rescue perso.nnel <strong>and</strong> to salvage equipment<strong>and</strong> material.salvage operation-!. The recovery, evacuation,<strong>and</strong> reclamation <strong>of</strong> damaged, discarded, condemned,or ab<strong>and</strong>oned allied or enemy materiel,ships, craft, <strong>and</strong> floating equipment for. reuse, repair, refabrication, or scrapping. 2.Naval salvage operations include harbor <strong>and</strong>channel clearance, diving, hazardous towing<strong>and</strong> rescue tug services <strong>and</strong> the recovery <strong>of</strong>materiel, ships, craft, <strong>and</strong> floating equipmentsunk <strong>of</strong>fshore or elsewhere str<strong>and</strong>ed.salvo-1. In naval gunfire support, a method <strong>of</strong>fire in which a number <strong>of</strong> weapons are fll'ed atthe same target simultaneously. 2. In close airsupport/air interdiction operations, a method <strong>of</strong>delivery in which the release mechanisms areoperated to release or fire all ordnance <strong>of</strong> aspecific type simultaneously.Sam-D-An Army air defense artillery,surface-to-air missile system under developmentto replace Nike Hercules <strong>and</strong> the improved .Hawk systems.sanctuary-A nation or area near or contiguous tothe combat area which by tacit agreementbetween the warring powers is exempt fromattack <strong>and</strong> therefore serves as a refuge forstaging, logistic, or other activities <strong>of</strong> thecombatant powers.sanitize-Revise a report or other document insuch a fashion as to prevent identification <strong>of</strong>sources, or <strong>of</strong> the actual persons <strong>and</strong> placeswith which it is concerned, or <strong>of</strong> the means bywhich it was acquired. Usually involves dele-tion or substitution <strong>of</strong> names <strong>and</strong> other keydetails.SAP-See spedal access program.SAR-See search <strong>and</strong> rescue.sat~te <strong>and</strong> missile surveillance-The systematicobservation <strong>of</strong> aerospace for the purpose <strong>of</strong>detecting, tracking, <strong>and</strong> characterizing objects,events, <strong>and</strong> phenomena associated with satellites<strong>and</strong> inflight missiles, friendly <strong>and</strong> enemy.See also surveillance.saunter-In air intercept, a term meaning, "Fly atbest endurance."S.bmd distortion-See S-curve distortion.SBR-see special boat squadron.SBU-See special boat unit.fIscale(*)-The ratio or fraction between the distanceon a map, chart or photograph <strong>and</strong> the correspondingdistance on the surface <strong>of</strong> the Earth.See also conversion scale; graphic scale;photographic scale; prindpal scale.scale (pliotograpbic)-See photographic scale.scaling law(*)-A mathematical relationship whichpermits the effects <strong>of</strong> a nuclear explosion <strong>of</strong>given energy yield to be determined .as a function<strong>of</strong> distance from the explosion (or fromground zero) provided the corresponding effectis known as a function <strong>of</strong> distance for a referenceexplosion, e.g., <strong>of</strong> 1-kiloton energy yield.sam-1. In air intercept, a term meaning: "Searchsector indicated <strong>and</strong> report any contacts." 2.The path periodically followed by a radiationbeam. 3. In electronics intelligence, themotion <strong>of</strong> an electronic beam through spacelooking for a target. Scanning is produced by333
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>the motion <strong>of</strong> the antenna or by lobe switching.See also electronics intelligence.scan Une(*)-The line produced on a recordingmedium frame by a single sweep <strong>of</strong> a scanner.scan period-The period taken by a radar, sonar,etc., to complete a scan pattern <strong>and</strong> return to astarting point.scan rate(*)-The rate at which individual scansare recorded.scan type-The path made in space by a point on .the radar beam; for example, circular, helical,conical, spiral, or sector.scatterable mine(*)-ln l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare, a minelaid without regard to classical pattern <strong>and</strong>which is designed to be delivered by aircraft,artillery, missile, ground dispenser, or byh<strong>and</strong>. Once laid, it normally bas a limited life.See also mine. ·scene <strong>of</strong> action comm<strong>and</strong>er(*)-ln antisubmarinewarfare, the comm<strong>and</strong>er at the scene <strong>of</strong> contact.He is usually in a ship, or may be in afixed wing aircraft, helicopter, or submariae.scheduled arrival date-The projected aniv81 date· <strong>of</strong> a specified movement requirement at aspecified location.scheduled fire(*)-A type <strong>of</strong> prearranged fireexecuted at a predetermined time.scheduled mainteliance-Periodic prescribedinspection <strong>and</strong>/or servicing <strong>of</strong> equipment accomplishedon a calendar, mileage, or hours <strong>of</strong>operation basis. See also orpninttonalmainteDance.scheduled serrice (air traasport)-A routine airtranspott service operated in accordance with atimetable.scheduled speed(*)-The planned sustained speed<strong>of</strong> a convoy through the water which determinesthe speed classification <strong>of</strong> that convoy.See also convoy speed; critical speed; declaredspeed.scheduled target(*)-ln anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfiresuppon, a planned target on which fire is to bedelivered at a specific time.scheduled target (nudear)-A planned target onwhich a nuclear weapon is to be delivered at aspecific time during the operation <strong>of</strong> the suppottedforce. The time is specified in terms <strong>of</strong>minutes before or after a designated time or interms <strong>of</strong> the accomplishment <strong>of</strong> a predeterminedmovement or task. Coordination <strong>and</strong>warning <strong>of</strong> friendly troops <strong>and</strong> aircraft Tm<strong>and</strong>atory.'IICbeduled -ve-See wave.sdleclule <strong>of</strong> fire-Groups <strong>of</strong> fires or series <strong>of</strong> firesfired in a definite sequence according to adefinite program. The time <strong>of</strong> starting theschedule may be ON CALL. For identificationpurposes schedules may be referred to by acode name or other designation.sdleclule <strong>of</strong> targets(*)-ln anillery <strong>and</strong> navalgunfire suppon, individual targets, groups orseries <strong>of</strong> targets to be fired on, in a definitesequence according to a definite program.IICbedules-The carrier itinerary which may involvecargo <strong>and</strong> passengers.sc:beduliag <strong>and</strong> movement capabUity-The capabilityrequired by <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong>Execution System planners <strong>and</strong> operators toallow for review <strong>and</strong> update <strong>of</strong> scheduling <strong>and</strong> .movement data before <strong>and</strong> during implementation<strong>of</strong> a deployment operation.I334
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1..<strong>02</strong>scheme <strong>of</strong> maneuver-The tactical plan to beexecuted by a force in order to seize assignedobjectives.SCI-See sensitive compartmented information.scientific <strong>and</strong> tecbnical intelligence-The productresulting from the collection, evaluation, analysis,<strong>and</strong> interprewion <strong>of</strong> foreign scientific <strong>and</strong>technical information which covers: a. foreigndevelopments in basic <strong>and</strong> applied research <strong>and</strong>in applied engineering techniques; <strong>and</strong> b.scientific <strong>and</strong> technical characteristics, capabilities,<strong>and</strong> limitations <strong>of</strong> all foreign militarysystems, weapons, weapon systems, <strong>and</strong> materiel,the research <strong>and</strong> development relatedthereto, <strong>and</strong> the production methods employedfor their manufacture. ·scientific intelligence-See scientific <strong>and</strong> teclmicalintelligence.scram-In air intercept usage, a code meaning,"Am about to open fire. Friendly units keepclear or get clear <strong>of</strong> indicated contact, bogey orarea." Direction <strong>of</strong> withdrawal may be indicated.Type <strong>of</strong> fire may be indicated (e.g., scramproximity: "Am about to open fire with proximity-fuzedammunition" scram mushroom:"Am about to fire a special weapon.").scramble(*)-An order directing take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>of</strong> aircraftas quickly as possible, usually followed bymission instructions.scram mushroom-see scram.scram proximity-see scram.screen(*)-1. An arrangement <strong>of</strong> ships, aircraft<strong>and</strong>/or submarines to protect a main body orconvoy. 2. In canography, a sheet <strong>of</strong> transparentfilm, glass or plastic carrying a "ruling"or other regularly repeated pattern which maybe used in conjunction with a mask, eitherphotographically or photomechanically, toproduce areas <strong>of</strong> the pattern. See also halftonescreen. 3. In surveillance, camouflage <strong>and</strong>concealment, _any natural or artificial material,opaque to surveillance sensor(s), interposedbetween the sensor(s) <strong>and</strong> the object to becamouflaged or concealed. See also concealment.4. A security element whose primarytask is to observe, identify <strong>and</strong> repon information,<strong>and</strong> which only fights in self-protection.See also flankguard; guard.screeDing group-In amphibious operations, a taskorganization <strong>of</strong> ships that furnishes protectionto the task force en route to the objective area<strong>and</strong> during operations in the objective area.scribing(*)-In canography, a method <strong>of</strong> preparinga map or chan by cutting the lines intq aprepared coating.tScune distortion(*)-The distortion in the Jgeproduced by a scanning sensor which resultsfrom the forward displacement <strong>of</strong> the sensorduring the time <strong>of</strong> lateral scan.5-Day-see times.sea-air-l<strong>and</strong> team-A naval force specially organized,trained, <strong>and</strong> equipped to conduct specialoperations in maritime, littoral, <strong>and</strong> riverineenvironments. Also called SEAL team.Sea Cobra-A single-rotor, dual-crew, light attackhelicopter armed with a variety <strong>of</strong> machineguns, rockets, grenade launchers, <strong>and</strong> anti-tankmissiles. It is used for attack helicopter suppan.Designated as AH-lJ.sea control operations-The employment <strong>of</strong> navalforces, supported by l<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> air forces, asappropriate, to achieve military objectives invital sea areas. Such operations include destnlction<strong>of</strong> enemy naval forces, suppression <strong>of</strong>enemy sea commerce, protection <strong>of</strong> vital sealanes, <strong>and</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> local military335
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>superiority in areas ·<strong>of</strong> naval operations. Seealso l<strong>and</strong> control operatioas.SEAD-See suppression <strong>of</strong> enemy air defenses.sea echelon(•)-A ponion <strong>of</strong> the assault shippingwhich withdraws from, or remains out <strong>of</strong>, thetranspon area during an amphibious l<strong>and</strong>ing<strong>and</strong> operates in designated areas to seaward inan on-call or unscheduled status.sea echelon area-In amphibious operations, anarea to seaward <strong>of</strong> a transpon area from whichassault shipping is phased into the transportarea, <strong>and</strong> to which assault shipping withdrawsfrom the transpon area.sea echelon plan-In amphibious operations, theplan for reduction <strong>of</strong> concentration <strong>of</strong> amphibiousshipping in the transpon area, to minimizelosses due to enemy attack by mass destructionweapons <strong>and</strong> to reduce the area to be swept <strong>of</strong>mines.sea frontier-The naval comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> a coastalfrontier, including the coastal zone in additionto the l<strong>and</strong> area <strong>of</strong> ~e coastal frontier <strong>and</strong> theadjacent sea areas.Sea KiDg-A single-rotor, medium-lift helicopterused for air/sea rescue <strong>and</strong> personnel/cargotranspon in suppon <strong>of</strong> aircraft carrier operations.Some versions are equipped for antisubmarineoperations. Designated as B-3.Sea Knight-A twin-:_rotor, medium-lift helicopterused for personnel <strong>and</strong> cargo transpon. Designatedas B-46.sea-launched ballistic missUe-A ballistic missilelaunched from a submarine or surface ship.sealed cabin(•)-The occupied space <strong>of</strong> an aircraftcharacterized by walls which do not allow anygaseous exchange between the ambient atmosphere<strong>and</strong> the inside atmosphere <strong>and</strong> contain-336ing · its own ways <strong>of</strong> regenerating the insideatmosphere.sealift readiness program-A formal agreement,pursuant to the Merchant Marine Act <strong>of</strong> 1936,as amended, between US-flag, dry-cargo carriers<strong>and</strong> the government for the acquisition <strong>of</strong>ships <strong>and</strong> related equipment under conditions <strong>of</strong>less that full mobilization.SEAL team-see sea-air-l<strong>and</strong> team.sea projection operatioas-See l<strong>and</strong>, sea, oraerospace projection operatioas.search-1. An operation to locate an enemy forceknown or believed to be at sea. 2. A systematicreconnaissance <strong>of</strong> a defined area, so that~pans <strong>of</strong> the area have passed within visibili .3. To distribute gunfire over an area in dby successive changes in gun elevation.search <strong>and</strong> attack priority-The lowest category<strong>of</strong> immediate mission request involving suspectedtargets related to the enemy tactical orlogistical capabilities, e.g., those which are notinhibiting a unit's advance but by their fleetingnature aDd tactical imponance should be locatedaDd destroyed. See also immediate missionrequest; priority <strong>of</strong> immediate mission requests.search <strong>and</strong> rescue(•)-The use <strong>of</strong> aircraft, surfacecraft, submarines, specialized rescue teams <strong>and</strong>equipment to search for <strong>and</strong> rescue personnel indistress on l<strong>and</strong> or at sea. See also componentsearch <strong>and</strong> rescue controUer; joint rescuecoordiDation center. (<strong>DOD</strong> Note: Also calledSAR.) See also combat search <strong>and</strong> rescue.search <strong>and</strong> rescue alert notice-An aleningmessage used for United States domesticflights. It corresponds to the declaration <strong>of</strong> thealen phase. Also called ALNOT. See alsosearch <strong>and</strong> rescue incident classification,subpart b.i'\,,f\
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>search <strong>and</strong> rescue coordiDator-The designatedsearch <strong>and</strong> rescue representative <strong>of</strong> the areacomm<strong>and</strong>er with overall responsibility <strong>and</strong>authority for operation <strong>of</strong> the joint rescuecoordination center, <strong>and</strong> for joint search <strong>and</strong>rescue operations within the geographical areaassigned.search <strong>and</strong> rescue incident classification-Threeemergency phases into which an incident maybe classified or progress, according to theseriousness <strong>of</strong> the incident <strong>and</strong> its requirementfor rescue service: a. uncertaintyphase-Doubt exists as to the safety <strong>of</strong> a craftor person because <strong>of</strong> knowledge <strong>of</strong> possibledifficulties or because <strong>of</strong> lack <strong>of</strong> informationconcerning progress or position. b. alertphase-Apprehension exists for the safety <strong>of</strong> acraft or person because <strong>of</strong> definite informationthat serious difficulties exist that do not amountto a distress or because <strong>of</strong> a continued lack <strong>of</strong>information concerning progress or position.c. distress phase-Immediate assistance isrequired by a craft or person because <strong>of</strong> beingthreatened by grave or imminent danger orbecause <strong>of</strong> continued lack <strong>of</strong> information concerningprogress or position .after proceduresfor the alen phase have been executed.search <strong>and</strong> rescue mission coonliDator-A search<strong>and</strong> rescue controller selected by the search <strong>and</strong>rescue coordinator to direct a specific mission.search <strong>and</strong> rescue region-See inl<strong>and</strong> search <strong>and</strong>rescue region; maritime search <strong>and</strong> rescueregion; overseas search <strong>and</strong> rescue region.search attack UDit-The designation given to oneor more ships separately organized or detachedfrom a fonnation as a tactical unit to search for<strong>and</strong> destroy submarines.searched cbannei(•)-In naval mine warfare, thewhole or pan <strong>of</strong> a route or a path which basbeen searched, swept or bunted, the width <strong>of</strong>the channel being specified.searching flre(•)-Fire distributed in depth bysuccessive changes in the elevation <strong>of</strong> a gun.See also r1re.search jammer-See automatic search jammer.search mission(•)-In air operations, an air reconnaiSsanceby one or more aircraft dispatched tolocate an object or objects known or suspectedto be in a specific area.search radius-In search <strong>and</strong> rescue operations, aradius centered on a datum point having alength equal to the total probable error plus anadditional safety length to ensure a greater thanSO percent probability that the target is in thesearch area.search sweepiDg(•)-In naval mine warfare,ioperation <strong>of</strong> sweeping a sample <strong>of</strong> route or· to determine whether poised mines are prese t.Sea Sprite-A single rotor light lift helicopter usedfor air/sea rescue, personnel/cargo transpon<strong>and</strong> antisubmarine operations from naval vessels.Designated as H-2.Sea Stallion-A single-rotor heavy-lift helicopterused for personnel/cargo ttanspon. Designatedas CH-53. A mine countermeasures-equippedversion is designated as RH-53.sea superiority-That degree <strong>of</strong> dominance in thesea battle <strong>of</strong> one force over another that permitsthe conduct <strong>of</strong> operations by the former<strong>and</strong> its related l<strong>and</strong>, sea, <strong>and</strong> air forces at agiven time <strong>and</strong> place without prohibitive interferenceby the opposing force.sea supremacy-That degree <strong>of</strong> sea superioritywherein the opposing force is incapable <strong>of</strong> ·effective interference.sea surveillance(•)-The systematic observation <strong>of</strong>surface <strong>and</strong> subsurface sea areas by all available<strong>and</strong> practicable means primarily for the337
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lpurpose <strong>of</strong> locating, identifying <strong>and</strong> determiningthe movementS <strong>of</strong> ships, submarines, <strong>and</strong>other vehicles, friendly <strong>and</strong> enemy, proceedingon or under the surface <strong>of</strong> the world's seas <strong>and</strong>oceans. See also surveillance.sea surveillance system(*)-A system for collecting,reponing, correlating <strong>and</strong> presentinginformation supponing <strong>and</strong> derived from thetask <strong>of</strong> sea surveillance.seavau-Commercial or Government owned (orleased) shipping containers which are movedvia ocean tranSponation without bogey wheelsattached, i.e., lifted on <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>f the ship.seaward launch point-A designated point <strong>of</strong>f thecoast from which special operations forces willlaunch to proceed to the beach to conductoperations. Also called SLP. See also seawardrecovery point.seaward recovery point-A designated point <strong>of</strong>fthe coast to which special operations forces willproceed for recovery by submarine, or othermeans <strong>of</strong> recovery. Also called SRP. See alsoseaward launch point.secondary armament-In ships with multiple-sizeguns installed, that battery consisting <strong>of</strong> gunsnext largest to those <strong>of</strong> the main bBttery.secondary c:eDSorshiP-Armed forces censorshipperformed on the personal communications <strong>of</strong><strong>of</strong>ficers, civilian employees, <strong>and</strong> accompanyingcivilians <strong>of</strong> the ~ Forces <strong>of</strong> the UnitedStates, <strong>and</strong> on those personal communications<strong>of</strong> enlisted personnel <strong>of</strong> the Armed Forces notsubject to Armed Forces primary censorship orthose requiring reexamination. See also ceusorsbip.secondary imagery dissemination-see electronicimagery dissemiudon.secondary imagery dissemination system-Seeelectronic imagery dissemination.secondary port(*)-A pon one or more benhs,nonnally at quays, which can accommodateocean-going ships for discharge. See alsoport.secondary rescue facilities-Local airbase-readyaircraft, crash boats, <strong>and</strong> other air, surface,subsurface, <strong>and</strong> ground elements suitable forrescue missions including government <strong>and</strong>privately operated units <strong>and</strong> facilities.secondary road-A road supplementing a mainroad, usually wide enough <strong>and</strong> suitable fortwo-way all-weather traffic at moderate or slowspeeds.-f•secondary targets-Alternative targets <strong>of</strong> lowArpublicity value that are attacked when ttkprimary target is unattainable. See also antiterrorism;primary target.second strike-The fmt counterblow <strong>of</strong> a war.(Generally associated with nuclear operations.)secret-see security classification.Secretary <strong>of</strong> a <strong>Military</strong> Department-The Secretary<strong>of</strong> the Air Force, Army or Navy; or theComm<strong>and</strong>ant <strong>of</strong> the Coast Guard when operatingas a Department <strong>of</strong> Transponation Agency.section-1. As applied to ships or naval aircraft,a tactical subdivision <strong>of</strong> a division. It is normallyone-half <strong>of</strong> a division in the case <strong>of</strong>ships, <strong>and</strong> two aircraft in the case <strong>of</strong> aircraft.2. A subdivision <strong>of</strong> an <strong>of</strong>fice. installation.territory, works, or organization; especially amajor subdivision <strong>of</strong> a staff. 3. A tactical unit<strong>of</strong> the Army <strong>and</strong> Marine Corps. A section issmaller than a platoon <strong>and</strong> larger than a squad.In some organizations the section, rather thanthe squad. is the basic tactical unit. 4. Anarea in a warehouse extending from one wall to0338
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>the next; usually.the largest subdivision <strong>of</strong> onefloor.sector(*)-1. An area designated by boundarieswithin which a unit operates, <strong>and</strong> for which itis responsible. 2. One <strong>of</strong> the subdivisions <strong>of</strong>a coastal frontier. See also area <strong>of</strong> iDf'Juence;·zone <strong>of</strong> action.sector <strong>of</strong> fire(*)-A defmed area which is requiredto be .covered by the rue <strong>of</strong> individual. or crewserved weapons or the weapons <strong>of</strong> a unit.sector scan(*)-Scan in which the antenna oscillatesthrough a selected angle.secure(*)-ln an operational context, to gainpossession <strong>of</strong> a position or terrain feature, withor without force, <strong>and</strong> to make such dispositionas will prevent, as far as possible, its destructionor loss by enemy action. See also denialmeasure.security-I. Measures taken by a military unit, anactivity or installation to protect itself againstall acts designed to, or which may, impair itseffectiveness. 2. A condition that results fromthe establishment <strong>and</strong> maintenance <strong>of</strong> protectivemeasures that ensure a state <strong>of</strong> inviolabilityfrom hostile acts or influences. 3. Withrespect to classified matter, it is the conditionthat prevents unauthorized persons from havingaccess to <strong>of</strong>ficial information that is safeguardedin the interests <strong>of</strong> national security. Seealso national security.security alert team-Two or more security forcemembers who form the initial reinforcingelement responding to security alanns, emergencies,or irregularities.security assistance-Group <strong>of</strong> programs authorizedby the Foreign Assistance Act <strong>of</strong> 1961, asamended, <strong>and</strong> the Arms Expon Control Act <strong>of</strong>1976, as amended, or other related statutes bywhich the United Swes provides defensearticles, military training, <strong>and</strong> other defenserelatedservices, by grant, loan, credit, or cashsales in funherance <strong>of</strong> national policies <strong>and</strong>objectives.security assistance organb.atioo-All Depamnent<strong>of</strong> Defense elements located in a foreign country.with assigned responsibilities for carryingout security assistance management functions.It includes military assistance advisory groups.military missions <strong>and</strong> groups, <strong>of</strong>fices <strong>of</strong> defense<strong>and</strong> military cooperation, liaison groups, <strong>and</strong>defense attache personnel designated to performsecurity assistance functions. See also securityassistance.security cerdflcation(•)-A cenification issued bycompetent national authority to indicate mat aperson has been investigated <strong>and</strong> is eligible foraccess to classified matter to the extent stajedin the cenification. (Note: The <strong>DOD</strong> definitpndoes not use the word "national.")security classification-A category to whichnational security information <strong>and</strong> material isassigned to denote the degree <strong>of</strong> damage thatunauthorized disclosure would cause to nationaldefense or foreign relations <strong>of</strong> the United Swes<strong>and</strong> to denote the degree ·<strong>of</strong> protection required.There are three such categories: a. top secret-Nationalsecurity information or materialwhich requires the highest degree <strong>of</strong> protection<strong>and</strong> the unauthorized disclosure <strong>of</strong> which couldreasonably be expected to cause exceptionallygrave damage to the national security. Examples<strong>of</strong> "exceptionally grave damage" includearmed hostilities against the United Swes or itsallies; disruption <strong>of</strong> foreign relations vitallyaffecting the national security; the compromise<strong>of</strong> vital national defense plans or complexcryptologic <strong>and</strong> communications intelligencesystems; the revelation <strong>of</strong> sensitive intelligenceoperations; <strong>and</strong> the disclosure <strong>of</strong> scientific ortechnological developments vital to nationalsecurity. b. secret-National security infonnationor material which requires a substantial339
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>degree <strong>of</strong> protection <strong>and</strong> the unauthorizeddisclosure <strong>of</strong> which could reasonably be expectedto cause serious damage to the nationalsecurity. Examples <strong>of</strong> "serious damage" includedisruption <strong>of</strong> foreign relations significantlyaffecting the national security; significantimpairment <strong>of</strong> a program or policy directlyrelated to the national security; revelation <strong>of</strong>significant military plam or intelligence operations;<strong>and</strong> compromise <strong>of</strong> significant scientific "or technological developments relating tonational security. c. coDfidential-Nationalsecurity information or material which requiresprotection <strong>and</strong> the unauthorized disclosure <strong>of</strong>which could reasonably be expected to causedamage to the national security. See alsoclassification; security.security dearance(*)-An administrative determinationby competent national authority that anindividual is eligible, from a security st<strong>and</strong>point,for access to classified information.(Note: The <strong>DOD</strong> definition does not use theword "national.")security iDtelligence(*)-lntelligence on the identi- .ty, capabilities <strong>and</strong> intentions <strong>of</strong> hostile organizationsor individuals who are or may beengaged in espionage, sabotage, subversion orterrorism. See also coUDterintelligence; intelligence;security.security supportiDg assistance-Program bywhich economic assistance is provided on aloan or grant basis, to selected foreign governmentshaving unique security problems. Thefunds are used to fmance imports <strong>of</strong> commodities,capital, or technical assistance in accordancewith terms <strong>of</strong> a bilateral agreement;counterpart funds thereby generated may beused as budgetary suppon. These funds enablea recipient to devote more <strong>of</strong> its own resourcesto defense <strong>and</strong> security purposes than it otherwisecould do without serious economic orpolitical consequences.Selected Reserve-Those units <strong>and</strong> individualswithin the Ready Reserve designated by theirrespective Services <strong>and</strong> approved by the <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff as so essential to initial wanimemissions that they have priority over all otherReserves. All Selected Reservists are in anactive status. The Selected Reserve also includespersons performing initial active dutyfor training. See also ready reserve.Selected Reserve strength-The total number <strong>of</strong>Guardsmen <strong>and</strong> reservists in the SelectedReserve who are subject to the 200K Presidentialrecall or mobilization under declaration <strong>of</strong>war or national emergency.selective identification feature-A capabilitywhich, when added to the basic ldentificat$. nFriend or Foe system, provides the means otransmit, receive, <strong>and</strong> display selectedreplies.selective jamming-See spot jamming.selective loading(*)-The arrangement <strong>and</strong> stowage<strong>of</strong> equipment <strong>and</strong> supplies aboard ship in amanner designed to facilitate issues to units.See also loadiDg.selective mobilization-See mobilization.selective release process-The process involvingrequesting, analyzing, <strong>and</strong> obtaining approvalfor release <strong>of</strong> weapons to obtain specific,limited damage on selected wgets.selective UDioading-In an amphibious operation,the controlled unloading from assault shipping,<strong>and</strong> movement ashore, <strong>of</strong> specific items <strong>of</strong>cargo at the request <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>ing force comm<strong>and</strong>er.Normally, selective unloading parallelsthe l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> nonscheduled units duringthe initial unloading period <strong>of</strong> the ship-to-shoremovement.340
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>selenodesy-That branch <strong>of</strong> appli~ mathematicsthat detennines, by observation <strong>and</strong> measurement,the exac~ positions <strong>of</strong> points <strong>and</strong> thefigures <strong>and</strong> areas <strong>of</strong> large portions <strong>of</strong> themoon's surface, or the shape <strong>and</strong> size <strong>of</strong> themoon.selenodetic-Of or pertaining to,. or determined byselenodesy.self-destroyiDg fuze(*)-A fuze designed to bursta projectile before the end <strong>of</strong> its flight. Seealso fuze.self-protection depth(*)-The depth <strong>of</strong> waterwhere the aggregate danger width relative tomines affected by a minesweeping technique iszero. Safe depth is a panicular self-protectiondepth.semi-active bomiDg guidance(*)-A system <strong>of</strong>homing guidance wherein . the receiver in themissile utilizes radiations from the target whichhas been illuminated by an outside source.semi-controlled mosaic(*)-A mosaic composed <strong>of</strong>corrected or uncorrected prints laid so thatmajor ground features match their geographicalcoordinates. See also mosaic.semi-rJXed ammunition(*)-Ammunition in whichthe cartridge case is not .permanently attachedto the projectile. See also ammunition.senior meteorological <strong>and</strong> oceanographic <strong>of</strong>ficer-Meteorological<strong>and</strong> oceanographic <strong>of</strong>ficerresponsible for- assisting the combatant comm<strong>and</strong>er<strong>and</strong> staff in developing <strong>and</strong> executingoperational meteorological <strong>and</strong> oceanographicservice concepts. Also called SMO.senior <strong>of</strong>ficer present anoat-The senior line<strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong> the Navy, on active service, eligiblefor comm<strong>and</strong> at sea, who is present <strong>and</strong> incomm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> any unit <strong>of</strong> the operating forcesafloat in the locality or within an area pre-scribed by competent authority. This <strong>of</strong>ficer isresponsible for the administration <strong>of</strong> matterswhich collectively affect naval units <strong>of</strong> theoperating forces afloat in the locality prescribed.Also called SOPA.sensitive-Requiring special protection from disclosurewhich could cause embarrassment,compromise, or threat to the security <strong>of</strong> thesponsoring power. May be applied to anagency, installation, person, position, document,material, or activity.sensitive compartmented information-All information<strong>and</strong> materials bearing special communitycontrols indicating restricted h<strong>and</strong>ling withinpresent <strong>and</strong> future community intelligencecollection programs <strong>and</strong> their end products (orwhich community systems <strong>of</strong> compartmentatif>nhave been or will be formally establishcfi.(These controls are over <strong>and</strong> above the protisions<strong>of</strong> <strong>DOD</strong> 5200 .1-R~ Information SecurityProgram Regulation.) Also called SCI.sensor(*)-An equipment which detects, <strong>and</strong> mayindicate, <strong>and</strong>/or record objects <strong>and</strong> activities bymeans <strong>of</strong> energy or panicles emitted, reflected,or modified by objects.separate loading ammunition(•)-Ammunition inwhich the projectile <strong>and</strong> charge are loaded intoa gun separately. See also ammunition.separation zone(*)-An area between two adjacenthorizontal or vertical areas into which units arenot to proceed unless certain safety measurescan be fulfilled.sequence circuit(*)-ln mine warfare, a circuitwhich requires actuation by a predeterminedsequence <strong>of</strong> influences <strong>of</strong> predetermined magnitudes.sequenced ejection system-See ejection systems.341
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lSergeant-A mobile,. inertially guided, solid-propellant,surface-to-surface missile, with nuclearwarhead capability, designed to attack wgetsup to a range <strong>of</strong> 15 nautical miles. Designatedas MGM-l9A.serial(*)-An element or a group <strong>of</strong> elementswithin a series which is given a numerical oralphabetical designation for convenience inplanning, scheduling, <strong>and</strong> control.serial assigmnent table-A table that is used inamphibious operations <strong>and</strong> shows the serialnumber, the tide <strong>of</strong> the unit, the approximatenumber <strong>of</strong> personnel; the material, vehicles, orequipment m·the serial; the number <strong>and</strong> type <strong>of</strong>l<strong>and</strong>ing craft <strong>and</strong>/or amphibious vehicles requiredto boat the serial; <strong>and</strong> the ship on whichthe serial is embarked.seriously ill or iDjured-The casualty status <strong>of</strong> aperson whose illness or injury is classified bymedical authority to be <strong>of</strong> such severity thatthere is cause for immediate concern, but thereis not imminent danger to life. Also calledsn. See also casualty status.seriously wounded-A stretcher case.wounded.See alsoservice ammunition-Ammunition intended forcombat, rather than for training purposes.Service component comm<strong>and</strong>-A comm<strong>and</strong>consisting <strong>of</strong> the Service component comm<strong>and</strong>er<strong>and</strong> all those iadividuals, units, detachments,organizations <strong>and</strong> installations under the comm<strong>and</strong>that have been assigned to the unifiedcomm<strong>and</strong>.Service component comm<strong>and</strong> chaplaiD-Thesenior chaplain assigned to the staff <strong>of</strong>, ordesignated by, the Service component comm<strong>and</strong>er.The component comm<strong>and</strong> chaplain isresponsible for supervising <strong>and</strong> coordinatingreligious ministries within the purview <strong>of</strong> thecomponent comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> may be supportedby a staff <strong>of</strong> chapl~ <strong>and</strong> enlisted religioussupport personnel. · See also comm<strong>and</strong> cha~lain; comm<strong>and</strong> Chaplain <strong>of</strong> the combatantcomm<strong>and</strong>; lay leader or lay reader; religiousministry support; religious ministry support~; religious ministry support team.semce enviromnent(*)-All external conditions,whether natural or induced, to which items <strong>of</strong>materiel are likely to be subjected throughouttheir life cycle.service force-A naval task organization thatperforms missions for the logistic support <strong>of</strong>operations.service group-A major naval administratED<strong>and</strong>/or tactical organization, consisting <strong>of</strong> ecomm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> the staff, designed to exerc eoperational control <strong>and</strong> administrative co -m<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> assigned squadrons <strong>and</strong> units in executingtheir tasks <strong>of</strong> providing logistic support<strong>of</strong> fleet operations.senice mine(*)-A mine capable <strong>of</strong> a destructiveexplosion.senice squadron-An administrative <strong>and</strong>/ortactical subdivision <strong>of</strong> a naval service force orservice group, consisting <strong>of</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong>the staff, organized to exercise operationalcontrol <strong>and</strong> administrative comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> assignedunits in providing logistic support <strong>of</strong>fleet units as directed.senice test-A test <strong>of</strong> an item, system <strong>of</strong> materiel,or technique ~nducted under simulated oractual operational conditions to detenninewhether the specified military requirements orcharacteristics are satisfied. See also trooptest.service troops-Those units designed to rendersupply, maintenance, transportation, evacuation,hospitalization, <strong>and</strong> other services re-342
0 f<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lquired by air <strong>and</strong> ground combat units to carryout effectively their mission in combat. Seealso combat service support elements; troops.servicing-See common serric:ing; cross-servicing;joint servicing. See also inter-Servicesupport.severe damage-See nuclear damage (l<strong>and</strong> warfare).SF .;.See special fon:es.SFG-See special fon:es group.SFOB-See special fon:es opentions base.shaded relief(*)-A cartographic technique that·provides an apparent three-dimensional configuration<strong>of</strong> the terrain on maps <strong>and</strong> charts by theuse <strong>of</strong> graded shadows that would be cast byhigh ground if light were shining from thenorthwest. Shaded relief is usually used iDcombination with contours. See also biDsluuting.sbadow.;.See trailer aircraft.sballow fordillg-The ability <strong>of</strong> a self-propelledgun or ground vehicle equipped with built-inwatetpro<strong>of</strong>ing, with its wheels or tracks incontact with the ground, to negotiate a waterobstacle without the use <strong>of</strong> a special waterpro<strong>of</strong>ingkit. See also deep fording; Dotation.sbaped cbarge(*)-A charge shaped so as toconcentrate its explosive force in a paniculardirection.sheaf-In anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire support,planned planes Oines) <strong>of</strong> fire that produce adesired pattern <strong>of</strong> bursts with rounds fired bytwo or more weapons.shear link assembly(*)-A device designed tobreak at a specified mechanical load.sheet explosive(*)-Plastic explosive provided in asheet form.sheetliDes-Those lines defming · the geographiclimits <strong>of</strong> the map or chan detail.shelf Ufe(*)-The length <strong>of</strong> time during which anitem <strong>of</strong> supply, subject to deterioration orhaving a limited life which cannot be renewed,is considered serviceable while stored. Seealso storage Ufe.shelliDg report(*)-Any report <strong>of</strong> enemy shellingcontaining infonnation 0 on caliber, direction,time, density <strong>and</strong> area shelled.shell (spedfy)(*)-A comm<strong>and</strong> or request indicatingthe type <strong>of</strong> projectile to be used.$hielding(*)-1. Material <strong>of</strong> suitable thickness afdphysical characteristics used to protect persopnelfrom radiation during the manufacture,haDdling, <strong>and</strong> transportation <strong>of</strong> fissionable <strong>and</strong>radioactive materials. 2. Obstructions whichtend to protect personnel or materials from theeffects <strong>of</strong> a nuclear explosion.sblftiDg fire-Fire delivered at constant range atvarying deflections; used to cover the width <strong>of</strong>a wget that is too great to be covered by anopen sheaf.Shillelagh-A missile system mounted on the mainbattle tank <strong>and</strong> assault reconnaissance vehiclefor employment against enemy annor, troops,<strong>and</strong> field fortifications. Designated asMGM-51.ship combat readiness-See combat ready.ship counter(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a devicein a mine which prevents the mine from detonatinguntil a preset number <strong>of</strong> actuations bastaken place.ship haveu-See moviDg havens.343
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>ship iDlluence(*)-ln. naval mine warfare, themagnetic, acoustic <strong>and</strong> pressure effects <strong>of</strong> aship, or a minesweep simulating a ship, whichis· detectable by a mine or other sensing devices.sblppiDg control-See naval control <strong>of</strong> shippiag.sbippiDg desigDator-A code word assigned to aparticular overseas base, port, or area, forspecific use as an address on shipments to theoverseas location concerned. The code word isusually four letters <strong>and</strong> may be followed by anumber to indicate a particular addressee.sbippiDg lane(*)-A tenn used to indicate thegeneral flow <strong>of</strong> merchant shipping between twodepanure/tenninal areas.sbippiag time-The time elapsing between theshipment <strong>of</strong> materiel by the supplying activity<strong>and</strong> receipt <strong>of</strong> materiel by the requiring activity.See also order <strong>and</strong> sbippiDg time.ship-to-shore movement(*)-Tbat portion <strong>of</strong> theassault phase <strong>of</strong> an amphibious operation whichincludes the deployment <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>ing forcefrom the assault shipping to designated l<strong>and</strong>ingareas.sblp wiD adjust-In naval gunfire support, amethod <strong>of</strong> canttol in which the ship can see thetarget <strong>and</strong>, with the concurrence <strong>of</strong> the spotter,will adjust.shock front(*)-The boundary between the pressuredisturbance created by an explosion (inair, water, or earth) <strong>and</strong> the ambient aan~sphere, water, or eanh.shock wave(*)-The continuously propagatedpressure pulse formed by the blast from anexplosion in air, under water or UDder ground.See also blast wave.SHORADEZ-See short-range air defense enl&~ementzone.shoran-A precise short-range electronic navigationsystem which uses the time <strong>of</strong> travel <strong>of</strong>pulse-type transmiSsion from two or more fixedswions to measure slant-range distance from ~the swions. Also, in conjunction with a suitablecomputer, used in precision bombing.(This term is derived from the words"short-range navigation.")shore fire control party-A specially trained unitfor control <strong>of</strong> naval gunfire in support <strong>of</strong> troopsashore. It consists <strong>of</strong> a spotting team to adjustfire <strong>and</strong> a naval gunfire liaison team to performliaison functions for the supported battal_ioncomm<strong>and</strong>er.fsboreliDe ell'ect-5ee COIIStlll refracticm.shore party(*)-A task organization <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>ingforce, formed for the purpose <strong>of</strong> facilitating the ~0l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> movement <strong>of</strong>f the beaches <strong>of</strong>ttoops, equipment, <strong>and</strong> supplies; for the evacuationfrom the beaches <strong>of</strong> casualties <strong>and</strong> enemyprisoners <strong>of</strong> war; <strong>and</strong> for faciliwing the beachiDg,retraction, <strong>and</strong> salvaging <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing shipsaDd craft. It comprises elements <strong>of</strong> both thenaval <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing forces. Also called beachgroup. See also beacbmaster UDit; beachparty; naval beach group.shore-to-shore movement-The assault movement<strong>of</strong> penonnel <strong>and</strong> materiel directly from a shorestaging area to the objective, involving nafurther ttansfers between types <strong>of</strong> craft or shipsincident to the assault movement.short(*)-ln artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire suppon, aspotting, or an observation, used by an observerto indicate that a burst(s) occurred short <strong>of</strong>the target in relation to the spotting line.shortfall-The lack <strong>of</strong> forces, equipment, personnel,materiel, or capability, reflected as the (\l344
.I'I<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>difference between the resources identified as aplan requirement <strong>and</strong> those apponioned to acombatant comm<strong>and</strong>er for planning, that wouldadversely affect the comm<strong>and</strong>'s ability toaccomplish its mission.short-range air defense eugagement zone-Seeweapon engagement zone.short-range attack misslle-An air-to-surfacemissile, armed with a nuclear warhead,launched from the B-52 <strong>and</strong> the FB-111 aircraft.The missile range, speed, <strong>and</strong> accuracyallow the carrier aircraft to "st<strong>and</strong><strong>of</strong>f" from itsintended targets <strong>and</strong> launch missiles outsideenemy defenses. Designated as AGM-69.short-range ballistic misslle-A ballistic missilewith a range capability up to about 600 nauticalmiles. Also called SRBM.short-range transport aircraft-See transportaircraft.short round-1. The unintentional or inadvenentdelivery <strong>of</strong> ordnance on friendly troops, installations,or civilians by a friendly weaponsystem. 2. A defective canridge in which theprojectile has been seated too deeply.short scope buoy(*)-A buoy used as a navigationalreference which remains nearly venicaJ·over its sinker. ·short supply-An item is in shon supply when thetotal <strong>of</strong> stock on h<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> anticipated receiptsduring a given period are less than the totalestimated dem<strong>and</strong> during that period.short take<strong>of</strong>T <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing(*)-The ability <strong>of</strong> anaircraft to clear a 50-foot (15 meters) obstaclewithin 1,500 feet (500 meters) <strong>of</strong> conunencingtake<strong>of</strong>f or in l<strong>and</strong>ing, to stop within 1,500 feet(500 meters) after passing over a 50-foot (15meters) obstacle.short takeotT <strong>and</strong> vertical l<strong>and</strong>ing. aircraft(*)-Fixed-wingaircraft capable <strong>of</strong> clearinga IS-meter (50-foot) obstacle within 450meters ( 1500 feet) <strong>of</strong> commencing take<strong>of</strong>f run,<strong>and</strong> capable <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing venically. Also calledSTOVL. See also short takeotT <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing;vertical/short take<strong>of</strong>T <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing aircraft;vertical take<strong>of</strong>t' <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing.short tide(*)-A shon, identifying combination <strong>of</strong>letters, <strong>and</strong>/or numbers assigned to a documentor device for purposes <strong>of</strong> brevity <strong>and</strong>/or security.shot(*)-ln anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire suppon, arepon that indicates a gun, or guns, have beenfired. See also rounds complete.Shrike-An air-launched antiradiation nri$iledesigned to home on <strong>and</strong> destroy radar T'tters.Designated as AGM-45.shuttered fuze(*)-A fuze in which inadvertentinitiation <strong>of</strong> the detonator will not initiate eitherthe booster or the burst charge. See also fuze.shuttle bombing-Bombing <strong>of</strong> objectives usingtwo bases. By this method, a bomber fonnation.bombs its wget, flies on to its secondbase, reloads, <strong>and</strong> returns to its home base,again bombing a wget if required.sick-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Equipmentindicated is operating at reduced efficiency."sidelay(*)-Device on the feed board <strong>of</strong> a printingmachine for controlling the lateral aligmnent <strong>of</strong>the printing paper.side looking airborne radar(*)-An airborneradar, viewing at right angles to the axis <strong>of</strong> thevehicle, which produces a presentation <strong>of</strong>terrain or moving wgets. (<strong>DOD</strong>) Also calledSLAR.345
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>side oblique air photograph-An oblique photographtaken with the camera axis at right anglesto the longitudinal axis <strong>of</strong> the aircraft.side overlap-See overlap.Sidewinder-A solid-propellant, air-to-air missilewith nonnuclear warhead <strong>and</strong> infrared, heatseekinghomer. Designated as AIM-9. Theground-to-air version is designated as Chaparral(MIM-72).sighting-Actual visual contact. Does not includeother contacts, which must be reponed by type,e.g., radar <strong>and</strong> sonar contacts. See also contactreport.SIGINT -see signals intelligence.SIGINT direct service-A reporting procedure toprovide signals intelligence (SIGINT) to amilitary comm<strong>and</strong>er or other authorized recipientin response to SIGINT requiremems. Theproduct may vary from recurring, serializedrepons produced by the National SecurityAgency /Central Security Service to instantaneousaperiodic repons provided to the comm<strong>and</strong>or other· recipient, usually from a fixedSIGINT activity engaged in collection <strong>and</strong>processing. See also signals bdelligeace. ·SIGINT direct service activity-A signals intelligen~(SIGINT) activity composed <strong>of</strong> collection<strong>and</strong> -·associated resources tbat normally perfonnsin a direct service role under the SIGINToperational control <strong>of</strong> the Director .~.NationalSecurity Agency/Chief, Central Security Service.See also signals intelligence.SIGINT direct support-The provision <strong>of</strong> signalsintelligence (SIGINT) information to a militarycomm<strong>and</strong>er by a SIGINT direct suppon unit inresponse to SIGINT operational tasking leviedby that comm<strong>and</strong>er. See also signals iDtelli·gence.SIGINT direct support unit-A signals intelli- .f'\gence (SIGINT) unit, usually mobile, designedto· perform a SIGINT direct suppon role for amilitary comm<strong>and</strong>er under delegated authorityfrom the Director, National Security Agency/Chief, Central Security Service. See alsosipals inteUigeace.SIGINT operatioD&l control-The authoritativedirection <strong>of</strong> signals intelligence (SIGINT)activities, including tasking <strong>and</strong> allocation <strong>of</strong>effort, <strong>and</strong> the authoritative prescription <strong>of</strong>those unifonn techniques <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ards bywhich SIGINT information is collected, processed,<strong>and</strong> reponed. See also signals intelli·geace.SIGINT operational tasking-The authoritatiyeoperational direction <strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> direct levying bfsignals intelligence (SIGINT) infonnation nee&sby a military comm<strong>and</strong>er on designat~SIGINT resources. These requirements aredirective, irrespective <strong>of</strong> other priorities, <strong>and</strong>are conditioned only by the capability <strong>of</strong> those !'\resources to produce such information. Operationaltasking includes authority to deploy all orpart <strong>of</strong> the SIGINT resources for whichSIGINT operational tasking authority bas beendelegated. See also signals intelligence.SIGINT operational tasldag authority-A militarycomm<strong>and</strong>er's authority to operationallydirect <strong>and</strong> levy signals intelligence (SIGINT)requirements on designated SIGINT resources;includes authority to deploy <strong>and</strong> redeploy all orpan <strong>of</strong> the SIGINT resources for whichSIGINT operational tasking authority bas beendelegated. Also called SOTA. See also signalsintelligence.SIGINT resoUI"CeS-Personnel <strong>and</strong> equipment <strong>of</strong>any unit, activity, or organizational elementengaged in signals intelligence (SIGINT) activities.See also signals intelligence.346
.,.-} •• ;>., .... _ . J .,..<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lSIGINT support plans-Plans prepared by theNational Security Agency/Central SecurityService, in coordination with concerned elements<strong>of</strong> the United States SIGINT system.which specify how the resources <strong>of</strong> the systemwill be aligned in crisis or war to supportmilitary operations covered by certain JCS <strong>and</strong>unified <strong>and</strong> specified comm<strong>and</strong> operation plans.See also signals intelligence.signal(*)-1. As applied to electronics. any transmittedelectrical impulse. 2. Operationally. atype <strong>of</strong> message, the text <strong>of</strong> which consists <strong>of</strong>one or more letters, words, characters, signalflags, visual displays, or special sounds withprearranged meaning, <strong>and</strong> which is conveyedor transmitted by visual, acoustical, or electricalmeans.signal center-A combination <strong>of</strong> signal communicationfacilities operated by the Anny in thefield <strong>and</strong> consisting <strong>of</strong> a communications center,telephone switching central <strong>and</strong> appropriatemeans <strong>of</strong> signal communications. See alsocommunications center.signal letters-See international call sign.signal operation instructions-A series <strong>of</strong> ordersissued for technical control <strong>and</strong>. coordination <strong>of</strong>the signal communication activities <strong>of</strong> a comm<strong>and</strong>.In Marine Corps usage, these instruc- .tions are designated communication operationinstructions.signal security-A generic tenn that includes bothcommunications security <strong>and</strong> electronics security.See also security.. signals intelligence-1. · A category <strong>of</strong> intelligencecomprising either individually or in combinationall communications intelligence, electronicsintelligence, <strong>and</strong> foreign instrumenwion signalsintelligence, however transmitted. 2. Intelligencederived from communications, electronics,<strong>and</strong> foreign instrumenwion signals. Alsocalled SIGINT. See also communicationsintelligence; electronics intelligence: intelligence:foreign instruntentation signals intelligence.signal-to-noise ratio--The ratio <strong>of</strong> the amplitude<strong>of</strong> the desired signal to the amplitude <strong>of</strong> noisesigr:tals at a given point in time.signature equipment(*)-Any item <strong>of</strong> equipmentwhich reveals the type <strong>and</strong> nature <strong>of</strong> the unit orformation to which it belongs.signed route-A route along which a unit hasplaced directional signs bearing its unit identificationsymbol. The signs are for the unit's useonly <strong>and</strong> must comply with movement regulations.. fsignificant track(*)-ln air defense. the trackj<strong>of</strong>an aircraft or missile which behaves in rnunusual manner which warrants attention <strong>and</strong>could pose a threat to a defended area.SII-5ee seriously ill or injured.simulative electromagnetic deception-See electromagneticdeception.simultaneous engagement-The concurrent engagement<strong>of</strong> hostile targets by combination <strong>of</strong>interceptor aircraft <strong>and</strong> surface-to-air missiles.single department purchase-A method <strong>of</strong> purchasewhereby one <strong>Military</strong> Department buyscommodities for another <strong>Military</strong> Departmentor Departments. See also purchase.single flow route(*)-A route at least one-<strong>and</strong>-ahalflanes wide allowing the passage <strong>of</strong> acolunm <strong>of</strong> vehicles, <strong>and</strong> permitting isolatedvehicles to pass or travel in the opposite directionat predetermined points. See also limitedaccess route; double flow route.347
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>single manager-A <strong>Military</strong> Department or Agen-·cy designated by the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense to beresponsible for management <strong>of</strong> specified commoditiesor common service activities on aDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense-wide basis.sinker(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a heavy weightto which a buoyant mine is moored. Thesinker generally houses the mooring rope drum<strong>and</strong> depth-setting mechanism <strong>and</strong>. for ~nes laidby ships, it also serves as a launching trolley.SIT -See special interest target.situation assessment-Assessment produced bycombining military geography, weather, <strong>and</strong>threat data to provide a comprehensive projection<strong>of</strong> the situation for the decisionmaker. See ·alsc ·.:~~tiessment.situation map(*)-A map showing the tactical orthe administrative situation at a particular time.See also map.situation report(*)-A repon giving the situationin the area <strong>of</strong> a reponing unit or formation.skim sweeping(*)-ln naval mine warfare,·· thetechnique <strong>of</strong> wire sweeping to a fixed depthover deep-laid moored mines to cut any ·shallowenough to endanger surface shipping.skin paint-A radar indication caused by thereflected radar signal from an object.skin tracking-The tracking <strong>of</strong> an object by means<strong>of</strong> a skin pairit.skip bombing-A method <strong>of</strong> aerial bombing inwhich a bomb is released from such a lowaltitude that it slides or glances along thesurface <strong>of</strong> the water or .ground <strong>and</strong> suikes thetarget at or above water level or ground level.See also minimum-altitude bombing. ·skip it-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Do notattack"; "Cease attack"; "Cease interception."Skybawk-A single-engine, turbojet attack aircraftdesigned to operate from aircraft carriers, <strong>and</strong>capable <strong>of</strong> delivering nuclear <strong>and</strong>/or nonnuclearweapons, providing troop suppon, or conducting.reconnaissance missions. It can act as atanker, <strong>and</strong> can itself be air refueled. It possessesa limited all-weather attack capability,<strong>and</strong> can operate from shon, unprepared fields.Designated as A-4.slant range(*)-The line <strong>of</strong> sight distance betweentwo points, not at the same level relative to aspecific datum..slated items-Bulk petroleum <strong>and</strong> packaged buJkpetroleum items that are requisitioned fbr· . overseas ·use· by means <strong>of</strong> a consolidated ~quirement document, prepared <strong>and</strong> submittidthrough joint petrOleum <strong>of</strong>fice channels. PackagedpetrOleum items are requisitioned inaccordance with normal requisitioning proce- (\dures.sUce-An average logistic planning factor used toobtain estimates <strong>of</strong> requirements for personnel<strong>and</strong> materiel. A personnel slice, e.g., generallyconsists <strong>of</strong> the total strength <strong>of</strong> the swedbasic combatant elements, plus its proponionateshare <strong>of</strong> all supponing <strong>and</strong> higher headquanerspersonnel.sligbdy wounded-A casualty that is a sitting or awalking case. Ste also wounded.sUp· indicator(*)-An instrument which displays ameasure <strong>of</strong> the resultant <strong>of</strong> the inenial <strong>and</strong>gravity forces in the lateral <strong>and</strong> nonnal plane <strong>of</strong>aircraft.SLP-see seaward launch point.smaD arms-Man portable, individual, <strong>and</strong> cr~--~·.'served weapon systems used mainly agamst·-
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>personnel <strong>and</strong> lightly annored or unannoredequipment.small arms ammunition-Ammunition for smallanns, i.e., all ammunition up to <strong>and</strong> including20 millimeters (.787 inches).small-lot storage-Generally considered to be aquantity <strong>of</strong> less than one pallet stack, stacked tomaximum storage height. Thus, the termrefers to a lot consisting <strong>of</strong> from one eontainerto two or more pallet loads, but is not <strong>of</strong>sufficient quantity to form a complete palletcolumn. See also storage.small-scale map-A map having a scale smallerthan ·1 :600,000. See also map.SMO-See senior meteorological <strong>and</strong> oceanograpbic<strong>of</strong>ficer.smoke sc:reen(*)-Cloud <strong>of</strong> smoke used to maskeither friendly or enemy installations or maneuvers.SMU-See special mission unit.snagline mine(*)-A contact miDe with a buoyantline attached to one <strong>of</strong> the horns or switcheswhich may be caught up <strong>and</strong> pulled by the hullor propellers <strong>of</strong> a ship.suap report-Not to be used. See JoiDt TacticalAir Reconnajssance/SurveiUance MissionReport.snow-In air intercept, a term meaning sweepjamming.SG-See Special operatiODS.SOC-See special operatioas comm<strong>and</strong>.SOCCT -See special operatioas combat controlteam.SOF -See special operations forces.s<strong>of</strong>ar-The technique <strong>of</strong> fiXing an explosion at seaby time difference <strong>of</strong> arrival <strong>of</strong> sound energy atseveral separate geographical locations. (Theterm is derived from the words "sound, fixing<strong>and</strong> ranging.")s<strong>of</strong>t missile base(*)-A launching base that is notprotected against a nuclear explosion.s<strong>of</strong>tware-A set <strong>of</strong> computer programs, procedures,<strong>and</strong> associated documenwion concernedwith the operation <strong>of</strong> a data processing system,e.g., compilers, library routines, manuals, <strong>and</strong>circuit diagrams.soU shear strength-The maximum resistance <strong>of</strong> asoil to shearing stresses. · · f•·solenoid sweep(*)-In naval mine warfareL amagnetic sweep consisting <strong>of</strong> a horizontal iscoil wound on a floating iron tube.SOMPF-see special operations mission planDing folder.sonar-A sonic device used primarily for thedetection <strong>and</strong> location <strong>of</strong> underwater objects.(This term is derived from the words "soundnavigation <strong>and</strong> ranging.")soDic-Of or penaining to sound or the speed <strong>of</strong>sound. See also speed <strong>of</strong> sound.SONMET -see special operations naval mobileenvironment team.sonobuoy-A sonar device used to detect submergedsubmarines which when activatedrelays infonnation by radio. It may be activedirectional or nondirectional, or it may bepassive directional or nondirectional.sortie(*)-ln air operations, an operational flightby one aircraft.349
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-Glsortie allotment message-The means by whichthe joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er allots excess soniesto meet requirements <strong>of</strong> his subordinate comm<strong>and</strong>erswhich are expressed in their air employment/allocationplan.sortie number(•)-A reference used to identify theimages taken by all the sensors during one airreconnaissance sonie.sortie plot-An overlay representing the area on amap covered by imagery taken during onesonie. (NA TO)-See master plot.sortie reference-See sortie number.sorting-See triage.soun:e-1. A person, thing, or activity fromwhich intelligence infonnation is obtained. 2.In cl<strong>and</strong>estine activities, a person (agent),normally a foreign national, in the employ <strong>of</strong>an intelligence activity for intelligence purposes.3. In interrogation activities, any personwho furnishes intelligence information, eitherwith or without the knowledge that the informationis being used for intelligence purposes.In this context, · a controlled source is in theemployment or under the control <strong>of</strong> the intelligenceactivity <strong>and</strong> knows that the informationis to be used for intelligence purposes. Anuncontrolled source is a voluntary contributor<strong>of</strong> information <strong>and</strong> may or may not know thatthe information is to be used for intelligencepurposes. See also agent; coUection agency.SOW-See special operatious wing.SOWTfi'E-See special operatioas weatherteam/tactical element.space assignment-An assignment to the individualDepartments/Services by the appropriatetransportation operating agency <strong>of</strong> movementcapability which completely or panially satisfiesthe swed requirements <strong>of</strong> the Depan-350menu/Services for the operating month <strong>and</strong> thathas been accepted by them without the necessityfor referral to the <strong>Joint</strong> Transportation Boardfor allocation.space control operatioas-Operations that providefreedom <strong>of</strong> action in space for friendly forceswhile, when directed, denying it to an enemy,<strong>and</strong> include the broad aspectS <strong>of</strong> protection <strong>of</strong>US <strong>and</strong> US allied space systems <strong>and</strong> negation<strong>of</strong> enemy space systems. Space control operationsencompass all elements <strong>of</strong> the spacedefense mission.space defense-All defensive measures designed todestroy attacking enemy vehicles (includingmissiles) while in space, or to nullify or reducethe effectiveness <strong>of</strong> such attack. See alspaerospace deftme.tspace S11J1P01t operatious-Operations required Jensure that space control <strong>and</strong> suppon <strong>of</strong> terrestrialforces are maintained. They includeactivities such as launching <strong>and</strong> deploying spacevehicles, maintaining <strong>and</strong> sustaining spacevehicles while on orbit, <strong>and</strong> recovering spacevehicles if required.space systems-All <strong>of</strong> the devices <strong>and</strong> organizationsforming the space network. The networkincludes spacecraft, ground control stations,aDd associated terminals.Spacetrack-A global system <strong>of</strong> radar, optical <strong>and</strong>radiomeuic sensors linked to a computation <strong>and</strong>analysis center in the Nonh American AirDefense Comm<strong>and</strong> combat operations centercomplex. The Spacetrack mission is detection,tracking, <strong>and</strong> cataloging <strong>of</strong> all manmade objectsin orbit <strong>of</strong> the Earth. It is the Air Force portion<strong>of</strong> the Nonh American Air Defense Comm<strong>and</strong>Space Detection aDd Tracking system.See also Spaclats; Spasur.(\, I
ct ,.,J.- . : • ~. .. ....space weather-A tenn used to describe the environment<strong>and</strong> other natural phenomena occurringabove 50 kilometers altitude.Spadats-A space detection <strong>and</strong> tracking systemcapable <strong>of</strong> detecting <strong>and</strong> tracking space vehiclesfrom the Earth, <strong>and</strong> reponing the orbital characteristics<strong>of</strong> these vehicles to a central controlfacility. See also Spacetrack; Spasur.span <strong>of</strong> detonation (atomic demoUtion mUDitionemployment)-That total period <strong>of</strong> time, resultingfrom a timer error, between the earliest <strong>and</strong>the latest possible detonation time. 1. earlytime-The earliest possible time that an atomicdemolition munition can detonate; 2. firetime-That time the atomic demolition munitionwill detonate should the timers function pre-.cisely without error; 3. late time-The latestpossible time that an atomic demolition munitioncan detonate.SpaiTOw-An air-to-air solid-propellant missilewith nonnuclear warhead <strong>and</strong> electronic-controlledhoming. Designated as AIM-7. Theship-launched surface-to-air version is designatedas Sea SpaiTOw (RIM-7).Spartan-A nuclear surface-to-air guided missileformerly deployed as part <strong>of</strong> the Safeguardballistic missile defense weapon system. It isdesigned to intercept strategic ballistic reentryvehicles in the exoatritosphere.spasm war-Not to be used. See general war.Spasur-An operational space surveillance systemwith the mission to detect <strong>and</strong> determine theorbital elements <strong>of</strong> all manmade objects in orbit<strong>of</strong> the Earth. The mission is accomplished bymeans <strong>of</strong> a continuous fan <strong>of</strong> continuous waveenergy beamed vertically across the continentalUnited Swes <strong>and</strong> an associated computationalfacility. It is the Navy portion <strong>of</strong> the NonhAmerican Air Defense Comm<strong>and</strong> Space Detec-See also Spacetion <strong>and</strong> Tracking System.track; Spadats.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>special access program-A sensitive program,approved in writing by a head <strong>of</strong> agency withoriginal top secret classification authority,which imposes need-to-know <strong>and</strong> access controlsbeyond those nonnally provided for accessto· confidential, secret, or top secret information.The level <strong>of</strong> controls is based on thecriticality <strong>of</strong> the program·· <strong>and</strong> the assessedhostile intelligence threat. The program maybe an acquisition program, an intelligenceprogram, or an operations <strong>and</strong> support program.Also called a SAP.special activities-Activities conducted in support<strong>of</strong> national foreign policy objectives which areplanned <strong>and</strong> executed so that the role <strong>of</strong> ~USGovernment is not apparent or acknowl edpublicly. They are also functions in suppo <strong>of</strong>such activities but are not intended to influ neeUnited States political processes, public opinion,policies, or media <strong>and</strong> do not includediplomatic activities or the collection <strong>and</strong>production <strong>of</strong> intelligence or related supportfunctions.special agent-A person, either United Swesmilitary or civilian, who is a specialist inmilitary security or the collection <strong>of</strong> intelligenceor counterintelligence information.special air operation-An air operation conductedin suppon <strong>of</strong> special operations <strong>and</strong> othercl<strong>and</strong>estine, coven, <strong>and</strong> psychological activities.special ammUDition supply point-A mobilesupply point where special ammunition isstored <strong>and</strong> issued to delivery units.special assignment airUft requirements-Airliftrequirements, including JCS-directedlcoordinatedexercises, that require special considerationdue to the number <strong>of</strong> passengers in-351
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-Glvolved, weight or size <strong>of</strong> cargo, urgency <strong>of</strong>movement, sensitivity, or other valid factorsthat preclude the· use <strong>of</strong> channel airlift.special atolaic demolition munition-A verylow-yield, man-ponable, atomic .. demolitionmunition that is detonated by a timer deviee.special boat squadron-A pennanent Navy echelonm major comm<strong>and</strong> to which two qr morespecial boat units are assigned for some operational<strong>and</strong> all administrative purposes. Thesquadron is wked with the training <strong>and</strong> deploymem<strong>of</strong> these special boat units <strong>and</strong> mayaugment naval special warfare wk groups aDdWk units. Also called SBR.special boat Ulllt-Those US Navy forces organized,trained, <strong>and</strong> equipped to conduct orsuppon naval special warfare, riverine warfare,coastal patrol <strong>and</strong> inlerdiction, <strong>and</strong> joint specialoperatioas with patrol boars or other combatantcraft designed primarily for special operationssuppon. Also called SBU.special caJ'Io-Cargo that requires special h<strong>and</strong>lingor protection, such as pyrotechnics, detonators,watches, <strong>and</strong> precisi~n instruments. See alsocarp.special-equipment vebide-A vehicle consisting<strong>of</strong> a general-purpose chassis with special-purposebody <strong>and</strong>/or mounted equipmems designedto meet a specialized requirement. See alsovebide.special fligbt(*)-An air ttanspon flight, othertban a scheduled service, set up to move aspecific load.special forces-US Army forces organized,trained, <strong>and</strong> equipped specifically to conductspecial operations. Special forces bave fiveprimary missions: unconventional warfare,foreign internal defense, direct action, specialreconnaissance, <strong>and</strong> countenerrorism. Coun-tenerrorism is a special mission for speciallyorganized, trained, <strong>and</strong> equipped special forcesunits designated in theater contingency plam.Also called SF.special forces group-A combat anns organizationcapable <strong>of</strong> planning, conducting, <strong>and</strong> supportingspecial operations activities in all operationalenvironments in peace, conflict, <strong>and</strong> war. Itconsists <strong>of</strong> a group headquaners <strong>and</strong> headquarterscompany, a support company, <strong>and</strong> specialforces battalions. The group can operate as asingle unit, but normally the battalions plan <strong>and</strong>conduct operations from widely separatedlocations. The group provides general operationaldirection <strong>and</strong> synchronizes the activities<strong>of</strong> subordinate battalions. Although principallysttuctured for unconventional warfare, ~;forces group units are capable <strong>of</strong> wk-org · -ing to meet specific requirements. Also callSFG.special forces operations base-A comm<strong>and</strong>,conttol, <strong>and</strong> support base established <strong>and</strong>operated by a special forces group or battalionfrom organic <strong>and</strong> auached resources. The basecomm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> his staff coordinate <strong>and</strong> synchronizethe activities <strong>of</strong> subordinate <strong>and</strong>forward-deployed forces. A special forcesoperations base is normally established for anextended period <strong>of</strong> time to support a series <strong>of</strong>operations. Also called SFOB.special bazard(*)-ln aircraft crash rescue <strong>and</strong>fire-fighting activities: fuels, materials, componentsor situations that could increase the risksnormally associated with military aircraftaccidents aDd could require special procedures,equipment or extinguishing agems.special iDterest target-In coumerdrug operations,a contact tbat may be outside initial soningcriteria but still requires special h<strong>and</strong>ling, suchas controlled deliveries or other unusual situations.Also called SIT. See also suspect;track <strong>of</strong> interest.3S2
~ r ',,·JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-Glspecialist bdeiJipDce report-A category <strong>of</strong>specialized, teclmical reports used in the dissemjnatjon<strong>of</strong> imelligeace. See also bdelli·..-e repoJ1iDa.spedalfratfoa-An amngement within an alliancewherein a member or poup <strong>of</strong> members mostsuited by virtue <strong>of</strong> teclmical skills, location, orother qualificatioas assume(s) pearer respcmsibUityfor a specific task or significaDt ponionthere<strong>of</strong> for one or more other members.special mission milt-A generic term to representa group <strong>of</strong> operatioas aDd suppon personnelfrom desipted orpnizatioas tbat is task~rpnimdto perform hiJbly classified activities.Also called SMU.special. operatioDS-()peratioas coDducted byspecially organized, trained, aDd equippedmilitary· aDd paramilitaly forces to achievemilitary, political, economic, or psycbologicalobjectives by UDCOIIVenticmatmilitary meaus inhostile, denied, or politically aeasitive areas.1bese operaticms are ccmclucted cturiDs peacetimecompetition, conflict, IDd war, indepenclelldyor iD coordiDation with operations <strong>of</strong>conventional, <strong>DOD</strong>SpeCia1 operations forces.Political-military CODSideradcms frequeadyshape special operaticms, requiriDa clllldestille,coven, or low visibility tedmiques llld oversightat tbe Dltionallevel. Special operationsdiffer from conventicmal operations in degree<strong>of</strong> physical aDd . political risk, operationalteclmiques, mode <strong>of</strong> employmem, iDdepeadeucefrom frieudly suppon, aad depaldeace onderailed operaticmal iDtelligeuce aad indigenousassets. Also called so.special operatiODS combat eoatrol team-A team<strong>of</strong> Air Force personnel organized, trained, <strong>and</strong>equipped to ccmduct aDd suppon special operaticms.UDder claodestiDe, coven, or low-visibilityccmditious, these teams establish <strong>and</strong>control air assault ZODe$; assist aircraft byverbal comrol, positioning, <strong>and</strong> operatiDauavigation aids; conduct limited <strong>of</strong>fensive directaction aDd special reccnmaissaDce operatious;aDd wist in the iDsertion aDd exttaedon <strong>of</strong>special operatious forces. Also called SOCCI' •See also combat CODtrol team.special operatlODS c:oDIIIUUld-A subordiJweUDified or other joint coiDIDIDd establisbed bya joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er to pllll, coordiJwe,condUct, Uld suppon joint special operationswithin the joint force comm<strong>and</strong>er's usipedarea <strong>of</strong> operatioas. Also called SOC.special operatlo• foras-Those active <strong>and</strong> reservecomponem forces <strong>of</strong> the military Servicesdesipted by the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense <strong>and</strong>specifically organized, trained, aDd equipped toconduct IDd suppon special operations. Alsocalled SOF. See also Air Force special opera·tiOJB fona; Army special operatlODS foras;.DP81 special warfare forces.special operatlODS mission plannfnc folder-Thepackqe that comaiDS the marerials required toexecute a given special operatioas mission. Itwill iDclude the mission taskiqleaer, missiontaski"' packqe, original feasibUity assessment(u desired), iDitial assessmear (u desired),wpt intelligence package, plan <strong>of</strong> execution,iDfiltration IDd exfilttation plan <strong>of</strong> execution,llld otber documemarjon u required or _desired.Also called SOMPF.special operatl.. •ftl mobDe eaftroameatteam-A team <strong>of</strong> Navy persoDDel OIJanized,trained, llld equipped to suppon naval specialwarfare forces by provicfiD& weadler, oc:eanosrapbic,mappq, cbarting, aDd geodesy suppon.Also called SONMET.special operatlom 1*''"••-Equipment, materials,supplies, aDd services required for specialoperations mission suppon for which there isDO broad conventional force requirement. It<strong>of</strong>ten includes nondevelopmental or specialcategory ileiiiS incorporating evolving tecbnolo-353
Jobat <strong>Pub</strong> 1-G2IY but may iDclude stocks <strong>of</strong> obsolete weapcmsllld equipmeat desipled to support iDdiJeDOUSpenollllel who do DOt poaess sophisticaredoperadoaal capabilities.ele--A lllk-orpnjpd team <strong>of</strong> Aii.~.Fon:e.,.uJ opendi0111 weather team/tad(~pencnmel orpniud, traiDecl, llld equipped. tocollect critical weather observadcms from ·datHparae areas. 1beae teams are traiDecl tooperate iDdepeDdearly iD pamissive ~ aemipermiaiveeavinmmeDts, or IS I1JI!Nm''<strong>DOD</strong> tootber lpCCial operaliODS clcmems iD aoapermissiveeavinmmeDts, iD direct support <strong>of</strong>apcciaJ operaticms. Also called SOWT!I'E.lperial OpendiOIII wiai-Ail Air force lpCCialoperatioas wiDI· Also called SOW.lperial (or proJect) eqalpmeat-Ecpdpmeat aataudlorized iD "'""•nl equipmeat publicatioasbut clerermiDed IS essentjwl iD CODDeetiOD witha comempla!ed operation. fuacticm. or millioD.See also eqalpmeat............,._ .ftblcle-A vebiclc iDcorporatiDaa lpCCial cbassil llld desipled to meet a apeci•'indrequiremeaL See allo wldcle.lperial nmnn·•-ace-Jteconrwj'INICe llldaurveiUIIIce acdODS ccmducted by apcciaJ operaGODS fon:es to obtaiD or verify, by Yilualobservadon or other coUec:tion methods, iafor-. lllltiOD c:cmcerDiDa the capabilitiel, illleadoas,ad acdvities <strong>of</strong> an ICIUal or pocCDdal eoemy or10 secure data c:cmcerDiDa die meteorolOJical,hydropapbic, or posrapbic c:bancleristics <strong>of</strong>a particular area. It iacludea tarpt acquisition.area assessmerzt, ad post-strike recoJIII&is.sm:e. Also called SR.lperial lbeaf-ID anillery IDd aaval Jllllfin support.aD)' ·sheaf otber dum parallel, CODVerJed,or CJPIIL..-Jal ltaii'-All staff <strong>of</strong>ficers baviDI duties at abeadquanen llld DOt iDcluded ill the ,euera~(coommati"') Iliff poup or iD tbe penoDIIstaff' poup. Tbe specialltaff iDcludes cenaiDfecimical specialisls ad beads <strong>of</strong> services, e.J.,quartenauter <strong>of</strong>ficer, aDtiaircraft <strong>of</strong>ficer,triDipOftatioD <strong>of</strong>ficer, etc. Sec also ltd...-Jal. tadics t•m-Ail Air Force team composedprimarily <strong>of</strong> special operatiODS combalc:cmtrol llld pararacue pe!IODIIel. Tbe teamauppcms joim special operatious by selectiDg,surveyiDa, llld catablishiDI usault zoaes;p!OVicliiJI assault zcme termiDal pidance <strong>and</strong>air uaflic CODIIOI; ccmducri"l direct actionmisaiODS; proviaiDa medical care Qd evacuation;aDd, coorcliDadDa. pl•nniDJ, IDd coDductiDIair, pouud, IDd aaval file suppon operanoaa..,...., ---bertb-Benbs establisbed in tbeYiciDky <strong>of</strong> tbe approach laDes iDio wbicb traDSpoiiiiDI)'move for UDloadiJI&, daiS recluciDItbe nDIIIiDI time for Janctq craft llld asistiuaiD die dispeniOD <strong>of</strong> trasPOm .lpiCIIIc Jatelllpace callecli• nqalnmeai-Ailidegtjfiecf pp iD imelliJm:e boldiDp tbat mayhe lldlfied ODiy by collection action, llld thatbll beeD validated by tbe appropriate requiremeDIICOIIIIOI audlority. Also called SICR.specUic ..rc:b-Reconnaissaucc <strong>of</strong> a limitednumtw <strong>of</strong> poila for specific iDfonaalicm.spedlled """"'"''"'-A CCJiftlllllld that bas broadcantinnq missicms llld tbal is established bytbe PresideDt through the Secncary <strong>of</strong> Defensewith die ldvic:e aDd usistaDCe <strong>of</strong> die Chairman<strong>of</strong> the Joial Cbieti <strong>of</strong> Staff. It normally is354
... "';' J ...... •••<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lcomposed <strong>of</strong> forces from a single <strong>Military</strong>Deparanent. Also called specified combatantcomm<strong>and</strong>.spectrozoaal photography(•)-A photographictechnique whereby the natural spectral emissions<strong>of</strong> all objects arc selectively filtered inorder to image only those objects within aparticular spectral b<strong>and</strong> or zone <strong>and</strong> eliminatethe unwanted background.spectrum management-Planning, coordinating,<strong>and</strong> managing joint usc <strong>of</strong> the electromagneticspectrum through operational, engineering, <strong>and</strong>administrative procedures, with the objective <strong>of</strong>enabling electronic systems to perform theirfunctions in the intended environment withoutca1ising or suffering unacceptable interference.See also electromagnetic spectrum; electrollicwarfare.spectrum <strong>of</strong> war-A term which encompasses thefull range <strong>of</strong> conflict; cold, limited, <strong>and</strong> generalwar.speed-See airspeed; convoy speed; criticalspeed; dedarecl speed; endurance speed;maximum sustained speed (tnmsport .vehicle);scheduled speed; speed <strong>of</strong> advanee;speed <strong>of</strong> sound.speed <strong>of</strong> advance(•)-In naval usage, the speedexpected to be made good over the ground.See also pace; rate <strong>of</strong> march.speed <strong>of</strong> sound(*)-The speed at which soundtravels in a given medium under specifiedconditions. The speed <strong>of</strong> sound at sea level inthe International St<strong>and</strong>ard Atmosphere is 1108ft/second, 658 knots, 1215 kmlhour. See alsohypersonic; sonic; subsoDic; supenonic;tnmsollic.spin stabilization-Directional stability <strong>of</strong> a projectileobtained by the action <strong>of</strong> gyroscopicforces that result from spinning <strong>of</strong> the bodyabout its axis <strong>of</strong> symmetry.spitting-In air antisubmarine warfare operations,a code meaning, "I am about to lay, or amlaying, sonobuoys. I may be out <strong>of</strong> radiocontact for a few minutes." If transmitted fromthe submarine it indicates that the submarinehas launched a sonobuoy.splasb(•)-1. In anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire support,word transmitted to an observer or spotterfive seconds before the estimated time <strong>of</strong> theimpact <strong>of</strong> a salvo or round. 2. In air interception,target destruction verified by visual orradar means.splashed-In air intercept, a code meaning, "_Enemyaircraft shot down," (followed by ~r. BDd type). isplit cameras(*)-An assembly <strong>of</strong> two camerasdisposed at a fixed overlapping angle relative toeach other.split pair-see split vertical photography.split~ce break-up.spilt vertical pbotography(•)-Photographs takensimultaneously by two cameras mounted at anangle from the vertical, one tilted to the leftaDd one to the right, to obtain a small sideoverlap.spoiliDg attack-A tactical maneuver employed toseriously impair a hostile attack while theenemy is in the process <strong>of</strong> forming or assemblingfor an attack. Usually employed byarmored units in defense by an attack on enemyassembly positions in front <strong>of</strong> a main line <strong>of</strong>resistance or battle position.spousor-<strong>Military</strong> member or civilian employeewith dependents.355
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>spooler-In air intercept, .a code meaning, "Acontact employing electronic or tactical deceptionmeasures."spot(*)-1. To determine by observation, deviations<strong>of</strong> ordnance from the wget for the purpose<strong>of</strong> supplying necessary information for theadjusanent <strong>of</strong> fire. 2. To place in a properlocation .. See also acijustment <strong>of</strong> fire.spot elevation(*)-A point on a map or chanwhose elevation is noted.spot Jsimming(*)-1be jamming <strong>of</strong> a specificchannel or frequency. See also barrage jammiDg;electroDic wufare; Jammtna.spot net-Radio communication net used by a ·spotter in calling fire.spot report-A concise narrative report <strong>of</strong> essentialinformation covering evems or CODditionstbat may have an jmmedjare <strong>and</strong> significanteffect on current planning aDd operations thatis afforded the most expeditious means <strong>of</strong>transmission consistent with requisite security.(Note: In reconnaissance aDd surveillaDceusage, spot report is not to be used. See JoiatTactical Air Reconnatssmce/SurveiD•raMission Report.)spot size(*)-The size <strong>of</strong> the electron spot on theface <strong>of</strong> the cathode ray tube.spotter-An observer swioned for the purpose <strong>of</strong>observing <strong>and</strong> reporting results <strong>of</strong> naval gunfireto the firing agency aDd who also may beemployed in designating targets. See also fieldartillery observer; aaval pnfire spottiagteam.spottillg(*)-A process <strong>of</strong> determining by visual orelectronic observation, deviations <strong>of</strong> artillery ornaval gunfire from the target in relation to aspotting line for the purpose <strong>of</strong> supplyingnecessary information for the adjustment oranalysis <strong>of</strong> fire.spotting line(*)-Any straight line to which the fall<strong>of</strong> shot <strong>of</strong> projectiles is related by an observeror a spotter. See also guD·target line; observer-taraetUne.spray dome(*)-The mound <strong>of</strong> water spray thrownup into the air when the shock wave from anunderwater detonation <strong>of</strong> a nuclear weaponreaches the surface.spreadiJII fin-A notification by the spotter or thenaval gunfire ship, depending on who is controllingthe fire, to indicate that fire is about tobe distributed over an area.SpriDt-A high acceleration, nuclear surface-ta-l.guided missile formerly deployed as pan <strong>of</strong> eSafeguard ballistic missile defense weasystem. It is designed to intercept strategicballistic reentry vehicles in the endoaanosphere.sprocket{-)-ln naval mine warfare, an anti-sweepdevice included in a mine mooring to allow asweep wire to pus through the mooring withoutparting the mine from its sinker.squadroD-1. An organization consisting <strong>of</strong> twoor more divisions <strong>of</strong> ships, or tWo or moredivisions (Navy) or flights <strong>of</strong> aircraft. It isnormally, but not necessarily, composed <strong>of</strong>ships or aircraft <strong>of</strong> the same type. 2. Thebasic administrative aviation unit <strong>of</strong> the Army,Navy, Marine Corps, <strong>and</strong> Air Force.squawk-A code meaning, "Switch IdentificationFrieDd or Foe master control to 'normal'(Mode aDd Code as directed) position."squawk Dash-A code meaning, "Actuate Identifi. cation Friend· or Foe liP switch."f3S6
. ~. t.'<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>squawking-A code meaning, "Showing IdentificationFriend or Foe in Mode (<strong>and</strong> Code) indicated."squawk low-A code meaning, "Switch IdentificationFriend or Foe master control to 'low'position."squawk may day-A code meaning, "SwitchIdentification Friend or Foe master control to'emergency' position."squawk mike-A code meaning, "Actuate IdentificationFriend or Foe MIC switch <strong>and</strong> keytransmitter as directed. •squawk st<strong>and</strong>by-A code meaning, ·switchIdentification Friend or Foe master control to'st<strong>and</strong>by' position. •squib-A small pyrotechnic device that may beused to fire the igniter in a rocket or for somesimilar purpose. Not to be confused with adetonator that explodes.squirt(*)-ln air-to-air refuelling, a means <strong>of</strong>providing visual detection <strong>of</strong> a nearby aircraft.In practice this is achieved by the donor aircraftdumping fuel <strong>and</strong>/or the receiver aircraftselecting afterburners, if so equipped.SR-See special reconnaissance.SRP-See seaward recovery point.SS-See submarine.SSBN-See Oeet ballistic missUe submarine.SSG-See guided misslle submarine.SSGN-See guided misslle submarine.SSN-See submarine •staballoy-Designates metal alloys made fromhigh-density depleted uranium with othermetals for use in kinetic energy penetrators forarmor-piercing munitions. Several differentmetals such as titanium or molybdenum can beused for the purpose. The various staballoymetals have low radioactivity that is not consider~to be a significant health hazard.stable base raJm(•):...A particular type <strong>of</strong> filmhaving a high stability in regard to shrinkage<strong>and</strong> stretching.staff-See combined staff; general stafT; integratedstaff; joint stafT; parallel staff; specialstafT.stafT estimates-Assessments <strong>of</strong> courses <strong>of</strong> action- by the various staff elements <strong>of</strong> a comlrfmd. that serve as the foundation <strong>of</strong> the comiDflder'sestimate.lstaff' supervisioD-The process <strong>of</strong> advising otherstaff <strong>of</strong>ficers <strong>and</strong> individuals subordinate to thecomm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>er's plans <strong>and</strong>policies, interpreting those plans <strong>and</strong> policies,assisting such subordinates in carrying themout, detennining the extem to which they arebeing followed, <strong>and</strong> advising the comm<strong>and</strong>erthere<strong>of</strong>.stage(*)-I. An element <strong>of</strong> the missile or propulsionsystem that generally separates from themissile at burnout or cut-<strong>of</strong>f. Stages are numberedchronologically in order <strong>of</strong> burning. 2.To process, in a specified area, troops whichare in transit from one locality to another. Seealso marshalliDg; staging area.staged crews-Aircrews specifically positioned atintermediate airfields to take over aircraftoperating on air routes, thus relieving complementarycrews <strong>of</strong> flying fatigue <strong>and</strong> speedingup the flow rate <strong>of</strong> the aircraft concerned.. e357
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>stqiDg area(•)-1. Amphibious or airborne-Ageneral locality betWeen the mounting area <strong>and</strong>the objective <strong>of</strong> an amphibious or airborneexpedition, through which the expedition orpans there<strong>of</strong> pass after mounting, for refueling,regrouping <strong>of</strong> ships, <strong>and</strong>/or exercise, inspection,<strong>and</strong> redistribution <strong>of</strong> troops. 2. Othermovements-A general locality established forthe concentration <strong>of</strong> troop units <strong>and</strong> transientpersonnel between movements over the lines <strong>of</strong>communications. See also marshalliDg; stage.stapng base-l. An advanced naval base for theanchoring, fueling, <strong>and</strong> refitting <strong>of</strong> transports<strong>and</strong> cargo ships, <strong>and</strong> for replenishing mobileservice squadrons. 2. A l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>and</strong> take<strong>of</strong>farea with minimum servicing, supply, <strong>and</strong>shelter provided for the temporary occupancy ·<strong>of</strong> military aircraft during the course <strong>of</strong> movementfrom one location to another.staDdard~)-An exact value, a physical entity, oran abstract concept, established <strong>and</strong> defined byauthority, custom, or common consent to serveas a reference, model, or rule in measuringquantities or qualities, establishing practices orprocedures, or evaluating results. A fixedquantity or quality. · ·st<strong>and</strong>ard advanced base UDits-Personnel <strong>and</strong>· materiel organized to function as advanced baseunits, including the functional componentswhich are employed in the establishment <strong>of</strong>naval advanced bases. Such adv8nced baseunits may establish repair bases, supply bases,supply depots, airfields, air bases, or othernaval shore establishments at overseas locations;e.g., Acorns, Cubs, Gropacs, <strong>and</strong> Lions.St<strong>and</strong>ard Arm-An air-launched antiradiationmissile designed to home on <strong>and</strong> destroy radaremitters. Designated as AGM· 78.st<strong>and</strong>ardizatiou-The process by which the De. paranent <strong>of</strong> Defense achieves the closest practicablecooperation among the Services <strong>and</strong>Defense agencies for the most efficient use <strong>of</strong>research, development, <strong>and</strong> production resources,<strong>and</strong> agrees to adopt on the broadest possiblebasis the use <strong>of</strong>: a. conunon or compatibleoperational, administrative, <strong>and</strong> logistic procedures;b. conunon or compatible technicalprocedures <strong>and</strong> criteria; c. conunon. compatible,·or interchangeable supplies, componerus, ,weapons, or equipment; <strong>and</strong> d. conunon orcompatible tactical doctrine with correspondingorganizational compatibility.St<strong>and</strong>ard MissDe-A shipboard, surface-to-surface/airmissile with solid propellant rocketengine. It is equipped with nonnuclear warhead<strong>and</strong> semi-active or passive homing.Designated RIM-66 Medium Range (Tartarreplacement) <strong>and</strong> RIM-67 Extended Rari~(Terrier replacement). J"st<strong>and</strong>ard operatiDg procedure-See stan •operatblg procedure.staDdard parallei~)-A parallel on a map or chanalong which the scale is as stated for that mapor chan.st<strong>and</strong>ard paUem(•)-In l<strong>and</strong>mine warfare, theagreed pattern to which mines are normallylaid.st<strong>and</strong>ard route(•)-In naval control <strong>of</strong> shipping, apre-planned single track, assigned a code name,connecting positions within the main shippinglanes.St<strong>and</strong>ard SSM (ARM)-A surface-to-surfaceami-radiation missile equipped with a conventionalwarhead. It ·is planned for anti-shipmissions <strong>and</strong> is canied by the FFG-1 class, 8DDG-2 class units <strong>and</strong> the PG 98 <strong>and</strong> 100.Designated as RGM-66D.st<strong>and</strong>ard use Anny aircraft ftight route-Routesestablished below the coordinating altitude t<strong>of</strong>acilitate the movement <strong>of</strong> Army aviation358
I". " '• '·~ '·:i;Jr~rl~~~1::--:.r;~·
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> l.Olstatic marking(*)-Marks on photographic negatives<strong>and</strong> other imagery caused by unwanteddischarges <strong>of</strong> static electricity.static test load(*)-ln sea operations, twice thesafe working load. See also safe workillgload.statioa-1. A general term meaning any militaryor naval activity at a fvced l<strong>and</strong> location. 2. Aparticular kind <strong>of</strong> activity to which other activitiesor individuals may come for a specificservice, <strong>of</strong>ten <strong>of</strong> a technical nature, e.g .• aidstation. 3. An assigned or prescribed positionin a naval formation or cruising disposition; oran assigned area in an approach, contact, orbattle disposition. 4. Any place <strong>of</strong> duty orpost or position in the field to which an indi- ·vidual, or group <strong>of</strong> individuals, or a unit maybe assigned. S. One or more transmitters orreceivers or a combination <strong>of</strong> transmitters <strong>and</strong>receivers, including the accessory equipmentnecessary at one location, for carrying on radiocommunication service. Each swion will beclassified by the service in which it operatespermanently or temporarily.statioa authenticatioa-A security measure ·designedto establish the authenticity <strong>of</strong> a transmittingor receiving swion.statioa time(*)-ln air transport operations, thetime at which crews, passengers, aDd cargo areto be on board <strong>and</strong> ready for the flight.status-<strong>of</strong>-forces agreement-An agreement whichdefmes the legal position <strong>of</strong> a visiting militaryforce deployed in the territory <strong>of</strong> a friendlyswe. Agreements delineating the status <strong>of</strong>visiting military forces may be bilateral ormultilateral. Provisions pertaining to the status<strong>of</strong> visiting forces may be set fonh in a separateagreement, or they may form a pan <strong>of</strong> a morecomprehensive agreement. These provisionsdescribe how the authorities <strong>of</strong> a visiting forcemay control members <strong>of</strong> that force <strong>and</strong> the360amenability <strong>of</strong> the force or its members to thelocal law or to the authority <strong>of</strong> local <strong>of</strong>ficials.To the extent that agreements delineate mattersaffecting the relations between a military force<strong>and</strong> civilian authorities <strong>and</strong> population, theymay be considered as civil affairs agreements.Also called SOFA. See also civil afTairsagreement.stay behind-Agent or agent organization establishedin a given country to be activated in theevent <strong>of</strong> hostile overrun or other circumstancesunder which normal access would be denied.stay behind force(*)-A force which is left inposition to conduct a specified mission whenthe remainder <strong>of</strong> the force withdraws or retiresfrom the area.. fsteady-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Am Jnprescribed heading,· or, •sttaighten out~diatelyon present heading or heading _indicated.•steer-In air intercept, close air suppon <strong>and</strong> airinterdiction, a code meaning, •set magneticheading indicated to reach me (or ) . "stellar pidance-A system wherein a guidedmissile may follow a predetermined course withreference primarily to the relative position <strong>of</strong>the missile <strong>and</strong> cenain preselected celestialbodies. See also pidaDce.stepped-up separation(*)-The venical separationin· a formation <strong>of</strong> aircraft measured from anaircraft ahead upward to the next aircraftbehind or in echelon.stereographlc coverage-Photographic coveragewith overlapping air photographs to provide athree-dimensional presentation <strong>of</strong> the picture;60 percent overlap is considered normal <strong>and</strong> 53percent is generally regarded as the minimum.r\
_.,7:v. • '<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lsterilize(*)-I. In naval mine warfare, to permanentlyrender a inine incapable <strong>of</strong> firing bymeans <strong>of</strong> a device (e.g., sterilizer) within themine. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 2. To remove from material tobe used in coven <strong>and</strong> cl<strong>and</strong>estine operations,marks or devices which can identify it asemanating from the sponsoring nation or organization.sterilizer(*)-ln mine warfare, a device included inmines to render the mine permanently inoperativeon expiration <strong>of</strong> a pre-determined timeafter laying.stem attack-In air intercept, an attack by aninterceptor aircraft tbat terminates with aheading crossing angle <strong>of</strong> 45 degrees or less.See also headiug crossiDg amgle. ·stick (air tnmsport)-A number <strong>of</strong> paratrooperswho Jump from one aperture or door <strong>of</strong> anaircraft during one run over a drop zone.stick comm<strong>and</strong>er (air tnmsport)-A designatedindividual who controls parachutists from thetime they enter the aircraft UDtil their exit. Seealso jumpmaster •.Stinger-A lightweight, man-ponable, shoulderfired,air defense artillery missile weapon forlow altitude air defense <strong>of</strong> forward area combatuoops. Designated as FIM-92A.stockage objective-The maximum quantities <strong>of</strong>materiel to be maintained on baDd to sustaincurrent operations. It will consist <strong>of</strong> the sum<strong>of</strong> stocks represented by the operating level <strong>and</strong>the safety level. See also level <strong>of</strong> supply.stock control(*~Process <strong>of</strong> maintaining inventorydata on the quantity, location, <strong>and</strong> condition <strong>of</strong>supplies <strong>and</strong> equipment due-in, on-b<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong>due-out, to detennine quantities <strong>of</strong> material <strong>and</strong>equipment available <strong>and</strong>/or required for issue<strong>and</strong> to faciliwe disuibution <strong>and</strong> management <strong>of</strong>materiel. See also inveutory comrol.stock coordiDation-A supply management functionexercised usually at depamnent level thatcontrols the assignment <strong>of</strong> material cognizancefor items or categories <strong>of</strong> material to inventorymanagers.stock fund-A revolving fund established to financecosts <strong>of</strong> inventories <strong>of</strong> supplies. It isauthorized by specific provision <strong>of</strong> law t<strong>of</strong>mance a continuing cycle <strong>of</strong> operations.Reimbursements <strong>and</strong> collections derived fromsuch operations are available for use by thefund without funher action by the Congress.stock level-see level <strong>of</strong> supply.Stock Number-See NatioDal Stock Number.stockpile to target sequence-!. The orderf <strong>of</strong>events involved in removing a nuclear wealfonfrom storage, <strong>and</strong> assembling, testing, trahsponing,<strong>and</strong> delivering it on the wget. 2. Adocumem tbat defines the logistical <strong>and</strong> employmentconcepts <strong>and</strong> related physical environmentsinvolved in the delivery <strong>of</strong> a nuclearweapon from the stockpile to ·the wget. Itmay also define the logistical flow involved inmoving nuclear weapons to <strong>and</strong> from thestockpile for quality assurance testing, modification8Dd retr<strong>of</strong>it, <strong>and</strong> the recycling <strong>of</strong> limitedlife components.stock record account-A basic record showing byitem the receipt <strong>and</strong> issuance <strong>of</strong> propeny, thebalances on h<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> such other identifying orstock control data as may be required by properauthority.stop squawk-A code meaning, "Tum identificationfriend or foe master control to '<strong>of</strong>f.' "stopway(*)-A defmed rectangular area on theground at the end <strong>of</strong> a runway in the direction<strong>of</strong> take<strong>of</strong>f designated <strong>and</strong> prepared by thecompetent authority as a suitable area in whichan aircraft can be stopped in the case <strong>of</strong> an361
. )()<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>interrupted take<strong>of</strong>f. It must be capable <strong>of</strong>supponing aircraft <strong>of</strong> approximately 23,000kilograms (50,000 lbs.).storage-!. The retention <strong>of</strong> data .in any form,usually for the purpose <strong>of</strong> orderly retrieval <strong>and</strong>documenwion. 2. A device consisting <strong>of</strong>electronic, electtoswic, electrical, hardware orother elements into which data may be entered,<strong>and</strong> from which data· may be obtained· as desired.See also ammunition <strong>and</strong> toxic materi·al open space; biD storage; bulk storage;igloo space; larp-lot storage; medium-lotstorage; open improved storage space; openuaimproved wet space; smaD-Iot storage.storage uie
. :-..-·l:, .•'<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>flight; c. air lo~istic support; d. aeromedicalevacuation.strategic air warfare-Air combat <strong>and</strong> supportingoperations designed to effect, through thesystematic application <strong>of</strong> force to a selectedseries <strong>of</strong> vital targets, the progressive destruction<strong>and</strong> disintegration <strong>of</strong> the enemy's warmakingcapacity to a point where die enemy nolonger retains the ability or the will to wagewar. Vital targets may include key manufacturingsystems, sources <strong>of</strong> raw material, criticalmaterial, stockpiles, power systems, transportationsystems, communication facilities, concentration<strong>of</strong> uncommitted elements <strong>of</strong> enemyarmed forces, key agricultural areas, <strong>and</strong> othersuch target systems.Strategic Army Forces-See UDited States Stra·tegic Army Forces.strategic concentration(*)-The assembly <strong>of</strong>designated forces in areas from which it isintended that operations <strong>of</strong> the assembled forceshall begin so that they are best disposed toinitiate the plan <strong>of</strong> campaign.strategic concept(*)-The course <strong>of</strong> action acceptedas the result <strong>of</strong> the estimate <strong>of</strong> the strategicsituation. It is a swement <strong>of</strong> what is to bedone in broad terms sufficiently flexible topermit its use in framing the military, diplomatic,economic, psychological <strong>and</strong> othermeasures which stem from it. See also basicundertakings.strategic estimate-The estimate <strong>of</strong> the broadstrategic factors that influence the determination<strong>of</strong> missions, objectives, <strong>and</strong> courses <strong>of</strong> action.The estimate is continuous <strong>and</strong> includes the· strategic direction received from the NationalComm<strong>and</strong> Authorities or the authoriwive body<strong>of</strong> an alliance or coalition. See also comm<strong>and</strong>er'sestimate <strong>of</strong> the situation; estimate;logistic estimate <strong>of</strong> the situation; nationalintelligence estimate.strategic intelligence-Intelligence that is requiredfor the formulation <strong>of</strong> strategy, policy, <strong>and</strong>military plans <strong>and</strong> operations at national <strong>and</strong>theater levels. See also intelligence; operatiooalintelligence; tactical intelligence.strategic level <strong>of</strong> war-The level <strong>of</strong> war at whicha nation, <strong>of</strong>ten as a member <strong>of</strong> a group <strong>of</strong>nations, determines national or multinational(alliance or coalition) security objectives <strong>and</strong>guidance, <strong>and</strong> develops <strong>and</strong> uses nationalresources to accomplish these objectives.Activities at this level establish national <strong>and</strong>multinational military objectives; sequenceinitiatives; define limits <strong>and</strong> assess risks for the·use <strong>of</strong> military <strong>and</strong> other instruments <strong>of</strong> nationalpower; develop global plans or theater warplans to achieve these objectives; <strong>and</strong> pro'fidemilitary forces <strong>and</strong> other capabilities in aciordancewith strategic plans. See also ouer&ti,n.allevel <strong>of</strong> war; tactical level <strong>of</strong> w.;.-- ... lstrategic map-A map <strong>of</strong> medium scale, or smaller,used for plauning <strong>of</strong> operations, includingthe movement, concentration, <strong>and</strong> supply <strong>of</strong>ttoops. See also map.strategic material (critical)-A material requiredfor essential uses in a war emergency, theprocurement <strong>of</strong> which in adequate quantity,quality, or time, is sufficiently uncertain, forany reason, to require prior provision <strong>of</strong> thesupply there<strong>of</strong>.stratepc mjnin&-A long-term mining operationdesigned to deny the enemy the use <strong>of</strong> specificsea routes or sea areas.strategic mission-A mission directed against oneor more <strong>of</strong> a selected series <strong>of</strong> enemy targetswith the purpose <strong>of</strong> progressive destruction <strong>and</strong>disintegration <strong>of</strong> the enemy's wannaking capacity<strong>and</strong> his will to make war. Targets includekey manufacturing systems, sources <strong>of</strong> rawmaterial, critical material, stockpiles, powersystems, transportationsystems, communication363
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>facilities, <strong>and</strong> other such target systems. Asopposed to tactical operations, strategic operationsare designed to have a long-range, ratherthan immediate, effect on the enemy <strong>and</strong> itsmilitary forces.strategic mobility-The capability to deploy <strong>and</strong>sustain military forces worldwide in suppon <strong>of</strong>national strategy. See also mobWty.strategic plan-A plan for the overall conduct <strong>of</strong>a war.strategic psychological acthities(t')-Plannedpsychological activities in peace <strong>and</strong> war whichnonnally pursue objectives to gain the suppon<strong>and</strong> cooperation <strong>of</strong> friendly <strong>and</strong> neutral countries<strong>and</strong> to reduce the will <strong>and</strong> the capacity <strong>of</strong>hostile or potentially hostile coUDtries to wagewar.strategic seaUft-The afloat prepositioning <strong>and</strong>ocean movement <strong>of</strong> military material in suppon<strong>of</strong> US <strong>and</strong> allied forces. Sealift forces includeorganic <strong>and</strong> commercially acquired shippms<strong>and</strong> shipping services, including cbarteredforeign-flag vesse~.strategic tnmsport aircraft(*)-Aircraft designedprimarily for the carriage <strong>of</strong> personnel aDd/orcargo over long distances.strategic vulnerability-The susceptibility <strong>of</strong> vitalelements <strong>of</strong> national power to being seriouslydecreased or adversely changed by the application<strong>of</strong> actions within the capability <strong>of</strong> anothernation to impose. Strategic wlnerability maypertain to political, geographic, economic,scientific, sociological, or military factors.strategic wamiDg-A warning prior to the initiation<strong>of</strong> a threatening act. See also stratecicwamiDg lead time; stratecic w<strong>and</strong>Dg post-decisiontime; stratecic wamiDg prededsiontime; tactical wamillg; wamillg; wamiDg <strong>of</strong>war.364strategic wamiDg lead time-That time betweenthe receipt <strong>of</strong> strategic warning <strong>and</strong> the beginning<strong>of</strong> hostilities. This time may include twoaction periods: strategic warning pre-decisiontime <strong>and</strong> strategic warning post-decision time.See also comm<strong>and</strong>er's estimate <strong>of</strong> the situation~strategic concept; strategic waruing.stratecic w<strong>and</strong>ag post-decision time-That timewhich begins after the decision, made at thehighest levels <strong>of</strong> govemment(s) in response tostrategic warning, is ordered executed <strong>and</strong> endswith the stan <strong>of</strong> hostilities or termination <strong>of</strong> thethreat. It is that pan <strong>of</strong> strategic warning leadtime available for executing pre-hostility actionsto strengthen the national strategic posture;however, some preparatory actions ~1be initiated in the predecision period. See al~·strategic waraiDg; strategic waraiDg I,time.stratecic waruing pre-decision time-That timewhich begins upon receipt <strong>of</strong> strategic warning<strong>and</strong> ends when a decision is ordered executed.It is that pan <strong>of</strong> strategic warning lead timeavailable to the highest levels <strong>of</strong> govemment(s)to determine that strategic course <strong>of</strong> action tobe executed. See also strategic waraiDg;strateatc w<strong>and</strong>Dg lead time.stratecY-The an . <strong>and</strong> science <strong>of</strong> developing <strong>and</strong>using political, economic, psychological, <strong>and</strong>military forces as necessary during peace <strong>and</strong>war, to afford the maximum suppon to policies,in order to increase the probabilities <strong>and</strong>favorable consequences <strong>of</strong> victory <strong>and</strong> to lessenthe chances <strong>of</strong> defeat. See also mDitary strateIY; D&tioual stratecY.stratc determiDatioo-The <strong>Joint</strong> OperationPlanning <strong>and</strong> Execution System function inwhich aoalysis <strong>of</strong> changing events in the internationalenvironment <strong>and</strong> the development <strong>of</strong>national strategy to respond to those events isconducted. In joint operation planning, theresponsibility for recommending military strate-(\\i~
". > ,•\. ~•gy to the National Comm<strong>and</strong> Authorities lieswith the Chainnan <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff,in consulwion with the other members <strong>of</strong> the<strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff <strong>and</strong> in conceit with suppottedcomm<strong>and</strong>ers. In the deliberate planningprocess, the <strong>Joint</strong> Strategic Capabilities Plan isproduced as a result <strong>of</strong> this process. In theCrisis Assessment Phase <strong>of</strong> the crisis actionplanning process, Crisis Action Planning proceduresare used to formulate decisions for directdevelopment <strong>of</strong> possible military COUrses <strong>of</strong>action.Strat<strong>of</strong>ortress-An all-weather, intercontinental,strategic heavy bomber powered by eightturbojet engines. It is capable <strong>of</strong> deliveringnucl~ <strong>and</strong> nonnuclear bombs, air-to-surfacemissiles, <strong>and</strong> decoys. Its range is extended byin-flight refueling. Designated as B-52.stratosphere-The layer <strong>of</strong> the atmosphere abovethe troposphere in which the change <strong>of</strong> temperaturewith height is relatively small. See alsoatmosphere.StratotaDker-A multipurpose aerial tanker-transpanpowered by four turbojet engines. It isequipped for high-speed, high-altitude refueling<strong>of</strong> bomben <strong>and</strong> fighters. Designated asKC-135.stream-Dispensing <strong>of</strong> chaff (solid/r<strong>and</strong>om interval/bursts).stream take<strong>of</strong>T(*)-Aircraft taking <strong>of</strong>f intrail/column fonnation.streagtb-5ee economic poteatial; mdt streagtb.streDgtb group-A surface action group (unit)(element) composed <strong>of</strong> the heaviest combatantships available with their aircraft <strong>and</strong> assignedscreen.stretcher-See Utter.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>stretch out-A reduction in the delivery ratespecified for a program without a reduction inthe total quantity to be delivered.strike(*)-An attack which is intended to inflictdamage on, seize, or destroy an objective.strike. cruiser-A warship designed to operate<strong>of</strong>fensively with carrier strike forces or surfaceaction groups against surface, air <strong>and</strong> subsurfacethreats. Planned annaments include theAegis missile system, a major caliber gun,surface-to-surface missiles <strong>and</strong> advanced antisubmarinewarfare weapons <strong>and</strong> sensors.Capability to operate helicopters or venicaltake<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing aircraft is planned.strike force-A force composed <strong>of</strong> appropriateunits necessary to conduct strikes, attack for. assault operatiODS. See also task force. jstrike pbotography(*)-Air photographs takenduring an air strike.strip marker(*)-ln l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare, a marker,natural, artificial, or specially installed, locatedat the stan <strong>and</strong> finish <strong>of</strong> a mine strip. See alsomarker.strip plot(*)-A portion <strong>of</strong> a map or overlay onwhich a number <strong>of</strong> photographs taken along aflight line is delineated without defming theoutlines <strong>of</strong> individual prints.stroag point(*)-A key point in a defensive position,usually strongly fonified <strong>and</strong> heavilyarmed with automatic weapons, around whichother pc;»sitions are grouped for its protection.structurecl message text(*)-A message textcomposed <strong>of</strong> paragraphs ordered in a specifiedsequence, each paragraph characterized by anidentifier <strong>and</strong> containing infonnation in freeform. It is designed to facilitate manual h<strong>and</strong>ling<strong>and</strong> processing. See also formattedmessage text; free form message text.365
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-Glsubassembly(*)-ln logistics, a ponion <strong>of</strong> anassembly, consisting <strong>of</strong> two or more parts, thatcan be provisioned <strong>and</strong> replaced as an entity.See also assembly; component; part.subgravity(•)-A condition in which the resultantambient acceleration is between 0 <strong>and</strong> 1 G.subkiloton weapon(•)-A nuclear weapon producinga yield below one kiloton. See also·ldlotonweapon; megaton weapon; nomiDal weapon.sublimited war-Not to be used. No substituterecommended.submarine-A warship designed for under-the-surfaceoperations with primary mission <strong>of</strong> locat- .ing <strong>and</strong> destroying ships, including other submarines.It is capable <strong>of</strong> various other uavalmissions. SSNs are nuclear powered. Designatedas SS <strong>and</strong> SSN. See also Deet ballisticmissile submarine.submarine launched missile-See sea-laulldledballistic missile.submarille locator acoustic beacon(•)-An electronicdevice, lised by submarines in distress,for emitting a repetitive sonic. pulse underwater.submarine patrol area(•)-A restricted areaestablished to allow submarine operations: a.unimpeded by the operation <strong>of</strong>, or possibleattack from, friendly forces in wartime; b.without submerged mutual interference inpeacetime.submarine rocket-Submerged, submarine-launched,surface-to-surface rocket withnuclear depth charge or homing torpedo payload,primarily antisubmariDe. Also calledSUBROC. Designated as WM-44A.submariDe safety lanes-See safety lanes.submarille sanctuaries-Restricted areas that areestablished for the conduct <strong>of</strong> noncombatsubmarine or antisubmarine exercises. Theymay be either stationary or moving <strong>and</strong> arenormally designated only in rear areas. Seealso moviq baveas.submarine strlkiDg forces-Submarines havingguided or ballistic missile launching <strong>and</strong>/orguidance capabilities formed to launch <strong>of</strong>fensivenuclear strikes.submUDitioa(•)-Any munition that, to perfonn itstask, separates from a parent munition.subordiaate comm<strong>and</strong>-A comm<strong>and</strong> consisting <strong>of</strong>the comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> all those individuals, units,cletacbments, organizations, or installations tJtatbave been placecl under the comm<strong>and</strong> by ~eauthority establishing the subordinate corpm<strong>and</strong>.SUBROC-5ee submariDe rocket. /\subscripticm-An agreement by a nation's <strong>Military</strong>Services to agree to accept <strong>and</strong> abide by, withor without reservation, the details <strong>of</strong> a stanclarclizationagreement. See also implementation;ntificatioa; reservation.subsidiary laadiag(*)-ln an amphibious operation,a lancliq usually made outside the designatedl<strong>and</strong>ing area, the purpose <strong>of</strong> which is tosuppon the main l<strong>and</strong>ing.subsonic-Of or pertaining to speeds less than thespeed <strong>of</strong> SOUDd. See also speed <strong>of</strong> sound.. substitute tl"llmport-type vehicle-A wheeledvehicle designed to perform, within cenainlimitations, the same military function as militarytranspon vehicles, but not requiring all thespecial cbaracteristics there<strong>of</strong>. They are developedfrom civilian designs by addition <strong>of</strong>certain features, or from military designs bydeletion <strong>of</strong> cenain features. See also vehicle.366
..:: .... ··'.. ':"; : ··;·•• ... r 1 •<strong>Joint</strong><strong>Pub</strong> 1..<strong>02</strong>..subversion-Action designed to undennine themilitary, economic, psychological, or politicalstrength or morale <strong>of</strong> a regime. See alsoUDCOnventioual warfare.subvenion <strong>of</strong> <strong>DOD</strong> persoDDei-Actions designedto undermine the loyalty, morale or discipline<strong>of</strong> Department <strong>of</strong> Defense military <strong>and</strong> civilianpersonnel.subversive activity-Anyone lending aid, comfon,<strong>and</strong> moral suppon to individuals, groups ororganizations that advocate the ovenbrow <strong>of</strong>incumbent governments by force <strong>and</strong> violenceis subversive <strong>and</strong> is engaged in subversiveactivity. All willful acts that are intended to bedetrimental to the best interests <strong>of</strong> the government<strong>and</strong> that do not fall into the categories <strong>of</strong>treason, sedition, sabotage, or espionage willbe placed in the category <strong>of</strong> subversive activity.subversive poHtical action-A planned series <strong>of</strong>activities designed to accomplish politicalobjectives by influencing, dominating, ordisplacing individuals or groups who are soplaced as to affect the decisions <strong>and</strong> actions <strong>of</strong>another government.suitabUity-Operation plan review criterion. Thedetermination that the course <strong>of</strong> action willreasonably accomplish the identified objectives,mission, or task if carried out successfully.See also acceptability; adequacy; completeness;feasibility.summit-The highest altitude above mean sea levelthat a projectile reaches in its flight from thegun to the target; the algebraic sum <strong>of</strong> themaximum ordinate <strong>and</strong> the altitude <strong>of</strong> the gun.supersoDic-Qf or penaining to speed in excess <strong>of</strong>the speed <strong>of</strong> sound. See also speed <strong>of</strong> sound.superrised route(*)-ln road traffic, a roadwayover. which limited control is exercised bymeans <strong>of</strong> traffic conttol posts, traffic patrols orboth. Movement authorization is required forits use by a column <strong>of</strong> vehicles or a vehicle <strong>of</strong>exceptional size or weight. See also route.supplementary fadHties(*)-Facilities required ata panicular location to provide a specifiedminimum <strong>of</strong> suppon for reinforcing forces,which exceed the facilities required to supponin-place forces.supplies-In logistics, all materiel <strong>and</strong>· items usedin the equipment, suppon, <strong>and</strong> maintenance <strong>of</strong>military forces. See also assembly; component;equipment; part; subassembly.supply-The procurement, distribution, maintenancewhile in storage, <strong>and</strong> salvage <strong>of</strong> supplies,including the determination <strong>of</strong> kind <strong>and</strong> Q\Wl\ity<strong>of</strong> supplies. L procluc:er pbase-That p~e<strong>of</strong> military supply which extends from detempaation<strong>of</strong> procurement schedules to acceptan~<strong>of</strong> finished supplies by the <strong>Military</strong> Services.b. coDS1DDer pbase-That phase <strong>of</strong> militarysupply which extends from receipt <strong>of</strong> finishedsupplies by the military Services through issuefor. use or consumption.supply by air-See airdrop; air movement.supply control-The process by which an item <strong>of</strong>supply is controlled within the supply system,including requisitioning, receipt, storage, stockcontrol, shipment, disposition, identification,<strong>and</strong> accounting.supplyiDg ship(*)-The ship in a replenishment~t that provides the personnel <strong>and</strong>/or suppliesto be transferred.supply J118D81e1DeDt-5ee invmtory control.supply poiDt(*)-Any point where supplies areissued in detail.supply transaction reporting-Reporting onindividual transactions affecting the stock status367
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong><strong>of</strong> materiel to the appropriate supply accountingactivity as they occur.support-1. The action <strong>of</strong> a force which aids,protects, complements, or sustains anotherforce in accordance with a directive requiringsuch action. 2. A unit which helps anotherunit in battle. Aviation, artillery, or navalgunfll'e may be used as a suppon for infantry.3. A pan <strong>of</strong> any unit held back at the beginning<strong>of</strong> an attack as a reserve. 4. An element<strong>of</strong> a comm<strong>and</strong> which assists, protects, orsupplies other forces in combat. See also dosesupport; direct support; general support;interdepartmental/agency support; iDtema·tioaallogistic support; inter-8ervice support;mutual support.supported comm<strong>and</strong>er-The comm<strong>and</strong>er havingprimary responsibility for all aspectS <strong>of</strong> a wkassigned by the <strong>Joint</strong> Strategic Capabilities Planor other joint operation planning authority. Inthe context <strong>of</strong> joint operation planning, thisterm refers to the comm<strong>and</strong>er who preparesoperation plans or operation orders in responseto requirements <strong>of</strong> the Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff. ·support helicopter-See assault aircraft; utilityhelicopter (1118DeUVer); assault aircraft.supportiDg aircraft-All active aircraft other thanunit aircraft. See also aircraft.supportiDg arms-Air, sea, <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> weapons <strong>of</strong>all types employed to suppon ground units.supportiDg arms coordination center-A singlelocation on board an amphibious comm<strong>and</strong> shipin which all communication facilities incident tothe coordination <strong>of</strong> fire suppon <strong>of</strong> the anillery,air, <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire are centralized. This isthe naval counterpan to the fire suppon coordinationcenter utilized by ·the l<strong>and</strong>ing force. See. also fire support coordination center.supportiDg aJ1illery-Anillery which executes firemissions in suppon <strong>of</strong> a specific unit, usuallyinfantry, but remains under the comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>the next higher anillery comm<strong>and</strong>er.supportiDg attack(*)-An <strong>of</strong>fensive operationcarried out in conjunction with a main attack<strong>and</strong> ·designed to achieve one or more <strong>of</strong> thefollowing: a. deceive the enemy; b. destroyor pin down enemy forces which could interferewith the main attack; c. control groundwhose occupation by the enemy will hinder themain attack; or d. force the enemy to commitreserves prematurely or·in an indecisive area.supporting commaDder-A comm<strong>and</strong>er whoprovides augmentation forces or other supponto a supponed comm<strong>and</strong>er or who developsfasupponing plan. Includes the designated CODJbatant~mm<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> Defense agencies jsappropnate.t(\\supportiug fire(*)-Fire delivered by supponingunits to assist or protect a unit in combat. See .;\also dose supporting fire; deep supportingfire; direct supportiug fire.supportiDg forces-Forces swioned in, or to bedeploy~ to, an area <strong>of</strong> operations to providesuppon for the execution <strong>of</strong> an operation order.Combatant comm<strong>and</strong> (comm<strong>and</strong> authority) <strong>of</strong>supponing forces is not passed to the supponedcomm<strong>and</strong>er.supportiag operatioas(*)-ln amphibious operations,those operations conducted by forcesother than those assigned to the amphibiouswk force. They are ordered by higher authorityat the request <strong>of</strong> the amphibious wk forcecomm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> nonnally are conducted outsidethe area for which the amphibious task forcecmmn<strong>and</strong>er is responsible at the time <strong>of</strong> theirexecution.supportiDg plan-An operation plan prepared bya supponing comm<strong>and</strong>er or a subordinate (\368
.... ... ~\ .<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>comm<strong>and</strong>er to satisfy the requests or requirements<strong>of</strong> the supponed comm<strong>and</strong>er's plan.support items-Items subordinate to, or associatedwith an end item (i.e., spares, repair parts,tools, test equipment <strong>and</strong> sundry materiel) <strong>and</strong>required to operate, service, repair or overhaulan end item.support site-In the Air Force, a facility operatedby an active, reserve, or Guard unit that providesgeneral suppon to the Air Force mission<strong>and</strong> does not satisfy the criteria for a major orminor installation. Examples <strong>of</strong> suppon sitesare missile tracking sites; radar bomb scoringsites; Air Force-owned, contractor-operatedplants; radio relay sites, etc. See also iDstalla·tion complex; major iDstallation; minor·iDstallation; other activity. .suppression-Temporary or transient degradationby an opposing force <strong>of</strong> the performance <strong>of</strong> aweapons system below the level needed t<strong>of</strong>ulfill its mission objectives.suppression mission-A mission to suppress anactual or suspected weapons system for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> degrading its perfonnance below thelevel needed to fulfill its mission objectives ata specific time for a specified duration. ·suppression <strong>of</strong> enemy air defeases-That activitywhich neutralizes., destroys, or temporarilydegrades surface-based ·enemy air defenses bydestructive <strong>and</strong>/or disruptive means. Alsocalled SEAD. See also electromagnetic spec·trum; electronic warfare.suppressive fire-Fires on or about a weaponssystem to degrade its performance below thelevel needed to fulfill its mission objectives,during the conduct <strong>of</strong> the fire mission. Seealso fire.surface bunt-See nudear surface burst.surface code-See panel code.surface combatant-A ship constructed <strong>and</strong> armedfor combat use with the capability to conductoperations in multiple maritime roles againstair, surface <strong>and</strong> subsurface threats, <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>targets.surface striking forces (navai)-Forces that areorganized primarily to do battle with enemyforces or to conduct shore bombardment.Units comprising such a force are generallyincorporated in <strong>and</strong> operate as pan <strong>of</strong> anotherforce, but with provisions for their formationinto a surface striking force should such actionappear likely <strong>and</strong>/or desirable.surface-to-air guided missile(*)-A surface-launchedguided missile for use against ~ruq~.fsurface-to-air missUe envelope-That air spacewithin the kill capabilities <strong>of</strong> a specific surface-to-airmissile system.surface-to-air missUe installation-A surface-to-airmissile site with the surface-to-airmissile system hardware installed.surface-to-air ·missUe site-A plot <strong>of</strong> groundprepared in such a manner that it will readilyaccept the hardware used in surface-to-airmissile system.surface-to-surface guided missUe(*)-A surface-launchedguided missile for use againstsurface targets.surface zero-See ground zero.surplus property-Any excess propeny not requiredfor the needs <strong>and</strong> for the discharge <strong>of</strong>the responsibilities <strong>of</strong> all federal agencies,including the Depamnent <strong>of</strong> Defense, as determinedby the General Services Administration.369
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-G2surprise dosage attack(*)-A chemical operationwhich establishes on target a dosage sufficientto produce the desired casualties before thetroops can mask or otherwise protect themselves.surveillance(*)-The systematic observation <strong>of</strong>aerospace, surface or subsurface areas, places,persons, or things, by visual, aural, electronic,photographic, or other means. See also airsurveillance; satellite aDd missDe surveillance;sea surveiDance.surveillance approach-An instnunent approachconducted in accordance with directions issuedby a conttoller referring to the surveillanceradar display.survey control poillt-A survey station used tocoordinate survey conttol.survey iDformation c:eater-A place where surveydata are collected, correlated, aDd made availableto subordinate units.survey ·photography-see air cartographic photography.suscepdbDity(*)-The vulnerability <strong>of</strong> a targetaudience to particular forms <strong>of</strong> psychologicaloperations approach.counterdrug operations, a track <strong>of</strong>interest where correlating information actuallyties the track <strong>of</strong> interest to alleged narcoticsoperations. See also special interest target;track <strong>of</strong> iDterest.S~Upect-Insuspeasion equipmeat(*)-Ail aircraft devicessuch as racks, adapters, missile launchers <strong>and</strong>pylons used for carriage, employment <strong>and</strong>jettison <strong>of</strong> aircraft stores.suspeasion strop(*)-A lenith <strong>of</strong> webbing or wirerope between the helicopter <strong>and</strong> cargo sling.sustainabWty-8ee military capability.sustained attrition minefield(*)-ln naval minewarfare, a minefield which is replenished tomaintain its danger to the enemy in the face <strong>of</strong>countermeasures.sustained rate <strong>of</strong> fire(*)-Actual'rate <strong>of</strong> fire thata weapon can continue to deliver for an indefinitelength <strong>of</strong> time without seriously overheating.sustaining stocks(*)-Stocks to suppon the execution<strong>of</strong> approved operational plans beyond theinitial predetermined period covered by basicstocks until resupply is available for support <strong>of</strong>continued operations.....mmeat-The provision <strong>of</strong> persounel,logistf c,<strong>and</strong> other support required to maintain· prolong operations or combat until successaccomplishment or revision <strong>of</strong> the mission or<strong>of</strong> the national objective.sweep-To employ technical means to uncoverplanted microphones or other surveillancedevices. See also teclmical survey.sweeper track-see hunter track.sweep jamming(*)-A narrow b<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> jammingthat is swept back <strong>and</strong> fonh over a relativelywide operating b<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> frequencies.swept patb(*)-ln naval mine warfare, the width<strong>of</strong> the lane swept by the mechanical sweep atall depths less than the sweep depth.switch horn(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a switchin a mine operated by a projecting spike. Seealso born.sympathetic detonation(*)-Detonation <strong>of</strong> acharge by exploding another charge adjacent toit.370
,. ',; . ···r;.·:··· ..<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>-.syncbronizatioo-1. The arrangement <strong>of</strong> militaryactions in time, space, <strong>and</strong> purpose to producemaximum relative combat power at a decisiveplace <strong>and</strong> time. 2. In the intelligence context,application <strong>of</strong> intelligence sources <strong>and</strong> methodsin concen with the operational plan.synthesis-In intelligence usage, the examining <strong>and</strong>combining <strong>of</strong> processed information with otherinformation <strong>and</strong> intelligence for final ~rpretation.synthetic exercise(*)-An exercise in which enemy<strong>and</strong>/or friendly forces are generated, displayed<strong>and</strong> moved by electronic or other means onsimulators, radar scopes or other trainingdevices.system-Any organized assembly <strong>of</strong> resources <strong>and</strong>procedures united <strong>and</strong> regulated by interactionor interdependence to accomplish a set <strong>of</strong>specific functions.system manager-A general term <strong>of</strong> reference tothose organizations directed by individualmanagers, exercising authority over the planning,direction, <strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> tasks <strong>and</strong> associatedfunctions .essential for support <strong>of</strong> designatedweapons or equipment systems. The authorityvested in this organization may include suchfunctions as research, development, procurement,production, materiel disttibution, <strong>and</strong>logistic support, when so assigned. Whenintended to relate to a specific system manager,this term will be preceded by the appropriatedesignation (e.g., Chinook System Manager,Sonar System Manager, F-4 System Manager).This term will normally be used in lieu <strong>of</strong>system suppon manager, weapon system manager,program manager, <strong>and</strong> project managerwhen such organizations perform these functions.systems design(*)-The preparation <strong>of</strong> an assembly<strong>of</strong> methods, procedures, or techniques unitedby regulated interaction to form an organizedwhole.system support manager-See system manager.. fl371
".•- ~;' ..''fif.: )~ .!. '·~ .. t::372
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lTtable <strong>of</strong> allowance-An equipment allowancedocument which prescribes basic allowances <strong>of</strong>organizational equipment, <strong>and</strong> provides thecontrol to develop, revise, or change equipmentauthorization inventory data.table <strong>of</strong> organization-See establishment.table <strong>of</strong> organization <strong>and</strong> equipment-See establishment.taam(•)-An ultra-high frequency electronic airnavigation system, able to provide continuousbearing <strong>and</strong> slant range to a selected station.The term is derived from tactical air naviga~tion.tacit anus control agreement-An anns controlcourse <strong>of</strong> action in which two or more nationspanicipate without any formal agreementhaving been made.tac-log grou~Representativesdesignated bytroop comm<strong>and</strong>ers to assist Navy control<strong>of</strong>ficers aboard control ships in the ship-toshoremovement <strong>of</strong> ttoops, equipment~ <strong>and</strong>supplies.TACON-See tactical control.tactical aeromedical evacuation(•)-That phase <strong>of</strong>evacuation which provides airlift for patientsfrom the combat zone to points outside thecombat zone, <strong>and</strong> between points within thecommunications zone.tactical air comm<strong>and</strong> center-The principalUnited States Marine Corps air operationinstallation from which aircraft <strong>and</strong> air warningfunctions <strong>of</strong> tactical air operations are directed.It is the senior agency <strong>of</strong> the Marine Corps aircomm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control system from which theMarine Corps tactical air comm<strong>and</strong>er can direct<strong>and</strong> control tactical air operations <strong>and</strong> coordinatesuch air operations with other Services.tactical air comm<strong>and</strong>er (ashore)-The <strong>of</strong>ficer(aviator) responsible to the l<strong>and</strong>ing force comm<strong>and</strong>erfor control <strong>and</strong> coordination <strong>of</strong> airoperations within the l<strong>and</strong>ing force comm<strong>and</strong>er'sarea <strong>of</strong> responsibility when control <strong>of</strong> theseoperations is passed ashore.tactical air control center(•)-The principal airoperations installation (l<strong>and</strong>- or ship-based)from which all aircraft <strong>and</strong> air warning functions<strong>of</strong> tactical air operations are controlled.l<strong>and</strong>-based~Atadical air CODtrol group-1.flexible administrative <strong>and</strong> tactical compontnt<strong>of</strong> a tactical air organization which providesaircraft control <strong>and</strong> warning functions ashorefor <strong>of</strong>fensive <strong>and</strong> defensive missions within thetactical air zone <strong>of</strong> responsibility. 2. shipbased-Anadministrative <strong>and</strong> tactical component<strong>of</strong> an amphibious force which providesaircraft control <strong>and</strong> warning facilities afloat for<strong>of</strong>fensive <strong>and</strong> defensive missions within thetactiCal air comm<strong>and</strong> area <strong>of</strong> responsibility.tactical air controDer-(NATO) The <strong>of</strong>ficer incharge <strong>of</strong> all operations <strong>of</strong>· the tactical aircontrol center. He is responsible to the tacticalair comm<strong>and</strong>er for the control <strong>of</strong> all aircraft<strong>and</strong> air warning facilities within his area <strong>of</strong>responsibility. See also air controller.tactical air control operations team-A team <strong>of</strong>ground enviromnem personnel assigned tocertain allied tactical air control units/elements.tactical air control party(•)-A subordinateoperational component <strong>of</strong> a tactical air controlsystem designed to provide air liaison to l<strong>and</strong>forces <strong>and</strong> for the control <strong>of</strong> aircraft.373
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>tactical air control party support team-AnArmy team organized to provide armoredcombat <strong>and</strong>/or special purpose vehicles <strong>and</strong>crews to certain tactical air control panies.tactical air control squadron-1. l<strong>and</strong>-based-Aflexible administrative component <strong>of</strong> a tacticalair control group, known as TACRON, whichprovides the control mechanism for a l<strong>and</strong>basedtactical air control center, a tactical airdirection center, or tactical air control panies.2. ship-based-An administrative <strong>and</strong> tacticalcomponent <strong>of</strong> the tactical air control group,known as T ACRON, which provides the controlmechanism for the ship-based tactical airdirection center or the ship-based tactical aircontrol center.tactical air control system(*)-The organization<strong>and</strong> equipment necessary to plan, direct, <strong>and</strong>control tactical air operations <strong>and</strong> to coordinateair operations with other Services. It is composed<strong>of</strong> control agencies <strong>and</strong> communications-electronicsfacilities which provide themeam for centralized control <strong>and</strong> decentralizedexecution <strong>of</strong> missions.tactical air coOrdiDator (alrborae)-An <strong>of</strong>ficerwho coordinates, from an aircraft, the action <strong>of</strong>combat aircraft engaged in close suppon <strong>of</strong>ground or sea forces. See also forward ob- .se"er.tactical air direction center-An air operationsinstallation under the overall control <strong>of</strong> thetactical air control center (afloat)/tactical airconun<strong>and</strong> center, from which aircraft <strong>and</strong> airwarning service functions <strong>of</strong> tactical air operationsin an area <strong>of</strong> responsibility are directed.See also tactical air director.tactical air director-The <strong>of</strong>ficer in charge <strong>of</strong> alloperations <strong>of</strong> the tactical air direction center.This <strong>of</strong>ficer is responsible to the tactical air· controller for the direction <strong>of</strong> all aircraft <strong>and</strong>air warning facilities assigned to the area <strong>of</strong>374responsibility. When operating independently<strong>of</strong> a tactical air control center (afloat), thetactical air director assumes the functions <strong>of</strong> thetactical air controller. See also tactical airdirection center.tactical air doctrine(*)-Fundamental principlesdesigned to provide guidance for the employment<strong>of</strong> air power in tactical air operations toattain established objectives.tactical air force(*)-An air force charged withcarrying out tactical air operations in coordinationwith ground or naval forces.tactical air groups (shore-based)-Task organizations<strong>of</strong> tactical air units assigned to the amphibioustask force that are to be l<strong>and</strong>-bisfdwithin, or sufficiently close to, the obj~~earea to provide tactical air suppon to the mpphibioustask force.(\tactical air obstner-An <strong>of</strong>ficer trained as an airobserver whose function is to observe from ~'~airborne aircraft <strong>and</strong> repon on movement <strong>and</strong> ·disposition <strong>of</strong> friendly <strong>and</strong> enemy forces, onterrain, weather, <strong>and</strong> hydrography <strong>and</strong> toexecute other missions as directed.tactical air <strong>of</strong>ficer (afloat)-The <strong>of</strong>ficer (aviator)under the amphibious task force comm<strong>and</strong>erwho coordinates planning <strong>of</strong> all phases <strong>of</strong> airpanicipation <strong>of</strong> the amphibious operation <strong>and</strong>air operations <strong>of</strong> supponing forces en route to<strong>and</strong> in the objective area. Until control ispassed ashore, this <strong>of</strong>ficer exercises conuolover all operations <strong>of</strong> the tactical air controlcenter (afloat) <strong>and</strong> is charged with: a. control<strong>of</strong> all aircraft in the objective area assigned fortactical air operations, including <strong>of</strong>fensive <strong>and</strong>defensive air; b. control <strong>of</strong> all other aircraftenteriug or passing through the objective area;<strong>and</strong> c. control <strong>of</strong> all air warning facilities inthe objective area.If\1
•l'··.1)·I,'.: \ . t<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> l..Oltactical air operation-An air operation involvingthe employment <strong>of</strong> air power in coordinationwith ground or naval forces to: a. gain <strong>and</strong>maintain air superiority; b. prevent movement<strong>of</strong> enemy forces into <strong>and</strong> within the objectivearea <strong>and</strong> to seek out <strong>and</strong> destroy these forces<strong>and</strong> their supporting installations; c. join withground or naval forces in operations within theobjective area, in order to assist directly inattainment <strong>of</strong> their immediate objectiv~.tactical air operatioas center-A . subordinateoperational component <strong>of</strong> the Marine air comm<strong>and</strong><strong>and</strong> control system designed for direction<strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> all en route air traffic <strong>and</strong> airdefense operations, to include manned interceptors<strong>and</strong> surface-to-air weapons, in an assignedsector. It is under the operational control <strong>of</strong>the tactical air comm<strong>and</strong> center.tactical air reconnaissaace-1be use <strong>of</strong> air vehiclesto obtain information concerning terrain,weather, <strong>and</strong> the disposition, composition,movement, installations, lines <strong>of</strong> communications,electronic <strong>and</strong> communication emissions<strong>of</strong> enemy forces. Also included are artillery<strong>and</strong> naval gunfire adjustment, ·<strong>and</strong> systematic<strong>and</strong> r<strong>and</strong>om observation <strong>of</strong> ground battle areas,targets, <strong>and</strong>/or sectors <strong>of</strong> airspace.tactical air support(*)-Air operations carried outin coordination with surface forces <strong>and</strong> which ·directly assist l<strong>and</strong> or maritime operations. Seealso air support.tactical air support element-An element <strong>of</strong> aUnited States Army division, corps, or fieldanny tactical operations center consisting <strong>of</strong>G-2 <strong>and</strong> G-3 air personnel who coordinate <strong>and</strong>integrate tactical air support with current tacti-. cal ground operations.tactical air traDsport operatioas(*)-1be carriage<strong>of</strong> passengers <strong>and</strong> cargo. within a theater bymeans <strong>of</strong>: a. Airborne operations: (1) Parachuteassault, (2) Helicopter borne assault, (3)Air l<strong>and</strong>ing; b. Air logistic support; c. Specialmissions; d. Aeromedical evacuationmissions.tactical area <strong>of</strong> respoDSibWty-A defined area <strong>of</strong>l<strong>and</strong> for which responsibility is specificallyassigned to the comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> the area as ameasure for control <strong>of</strong> assigned forces <strong>and</strong>coordination <strong>of</strong> support. Also called TAOR.tactical call sip(*)-A call sign which identifiesa tactical comm<strong>and</strong> or tactical communicationfacility. See also call sign.tactiaal combat force-A combat unit, with appropriatecombat support <strong>and</strong> combat servicesupport assets, that is assigned the mission <strong>of</strong>defeating Level m threats.. ftactical concept(*)-A statement, in broad outlipe,which provides a common basis for futyredevelopment <strong>of</strong> tactical doctrine. See alsotactical sub-concept.tactical coatrol(*)-1be detailed <strong>and</strong>, usually,local direction <strong>and</strong> control <strong>of</strong> movements ormaneuvers necessary to accomplish missions ortasks assigned. (<strong>DOD</strong>) Also called TACON.See also combatant COJDJDBJid (comm<strong>and</strong>authority); operational control.tactiaal deception group-A task organization thatconducts deception operations against theenemy, including electronic, communication,visual, <strong>and</strong> other methods designed to misinform<strong>and</strong> confuse the enemy.tactical digital information liDk-A <strong>Joint</strong> Staffapproved, st<strong>and</strong>ardized communication linksuitable for transmission <strong>of</strong> digital infonnation.· Current practice is to characterize a tacticaldigital information link (TADIL) by its st<strong>and</strong>ardizedmessage formats <strong>and</strong> transmissioncharacteristics. T ADILs interface two or morecomm<strong>and</strong> aud control or weapon systems via asingle or multiple network architecture <strong>and</strong>375
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>multiple communication media for exchange <strong>of</strong>tactical information. a. TADIL-A-A secure,half-duplex, netted digital data link utilizingparallel transmission frame characteristics <strong>and</strong>st<strong>and</strong>ard message formats at either 1364 or2250 bits per second. It is normally operatedin a roll-call mode under control <strong>of</strong> a netcontrol station to exchange digital informationamong airborne, l<strong>and</strong>-based, <strong>and</strong> . shipboardsystems. NATO's equivalent is Link ·11. b.T ADIL-B-A secure, full-duplex, point-to-pointdigital data link utilizing serial ttansmissionframe characteristics <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ard messageformats at either 2400, 1200, or 600 bits persecond. It interconnects tactical air defense <strong>and</strong>air control units .. NATO's equivalent is Link11B. c. T ADIL-C-An unsecure, time-divi-.sion digital data link utilizing serial transmissioncharacteristics <strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ard messageformats at SOOO bits per second from a controllingunit to controlled aircraft. Infonnationexchange can be one-way (controlling unit tocontrolled aircraft) or two-way. NATO'sequivalent is Link 4. d. TADIL-J-A secure,high capacity, jam-resistant, nodeless data linkwhich uses the <strong>Joint</strong> Tactical InformationDistribution System (JTIDS) transmissioncharacteristics 8nd the protocols, conventions,<strong>and</strong> fixed-length message formats defined bythe JTIDS Technical Interface DesignPlan (TIDP). NATO's equivalent is Link 16.e. Army Tactical Data Link 1 (ATDL-1)-Asecure, full-duplex, point-to-point digital datalink utilizing serial transmission frame characteristics<strong>and</strong> st<strong>and</strong>ard message formats at abasic speed <strong>of</strong> 1200 bits per second. It interconnectstactical air control systems <strong>and</strong> Armyor Marine tactical air defense oriented systems.f. Interim JTIDS Message Specification(UMS)-A secure, high capacity, jam-resistant,nodeless interim message specification that usesthe <strong>Joint</strong> Tactical. Information DistributionSystem (JTIDS) transmission characteristics <strong>and</strong>the protocols, conventions, <strong>and</strong> fixed-lengthmessage formats defined by the UMS. See alsoairborne tactical data system; data liDk.tactical diversion-See diversion.tactical information processing <strong>and</strong> interpret&·tion system-A tactical, mobile, l<strong>and</strong>-based,automated infonnation-halldling system designedto store <strong>and</strong> retrieve intelligence information<strong>and</strong> to process <strong>and</strong> interpret imagery ornonimagery data. Also called TIPI.tactical intelligence-Intelligence that is requiredfor planning <strong>and</strong> conducting tactical operations.See also intelligence; operational intelligence;strategic intelligence.tactical intelligence <strong>and</strong> related activities-Thoseactivities outside the National Foreign IntelligenceProgram that: a. respond to operationalCODJJDaDders' tasking for time-sensitive inf<strong>of</strong>'tmation on foreign entities; b. respondnational intelligence community tasking fsystems whose primary mission is suppon ooperating forces; c. train personnel for intelligenceduties; d. provide an intelligence reserve;or e. are devoted to research <strong>and</strong> development<strong>of</strong> intelligence or related capabilities.Specifically excluded are programs which areso closely integrated with a weapon system thattheir primary function is to provide immediateusetargeting dala. Also called TIARA.tactical level <strong>of</strong> war-The level <strong>of</strong> war at whichbattles aDd engagemems are planned <strong>and</strong> executedto accomplish military objectives assignedto tactical units or task forces. Activities atthis level focus on the ordered arrangement <strong>and</strong>maneuver <strong>of</strong> combat elements in relation toeach other <strong>and</strong> to the enemy to achieve combatobjectives. See also operational level <strong>of</strong> war;strategic level <strong>of</strong> war.tactical loading-See combat loadiDg; unit load·iDa·tactical locality(*)-An area <strong>of</strong> terrain which,because <strong>of</strong> its location or features, possesses a376
••tactical significance in the panicular circumstancesexisting at a panicular time.tactical map-A large-scale map used for tactical<strong>and</strong> administrative purposes. See also map.tactical minefield(*)-A minefield which is pan <strong>of</strong>a formation obstacle plan <strong>and</strong> is laid to delay,channel or break up an enemy advance.tactical mining(*)-ln naval mine warfare, miningdesigned to influence a specific operation or tocounter a known or presumed tactical aim <strong>of</strong>the enemy. Implicit in tactical mining is alimited period <strong>of</strong> effectiveness <strong>of</strong> the minefield.tactical nuclear weapon employment-The use <strong>of</strong>nuclear weapons by l<strong>and</strong>, sea, or air forcesagainst opposing forces, supponing installationsor facilities, in suppon <strong>of</strong> operations whichcontribute to the accomplishment <strong>of</strong> a militarymission <strong>of</strong> limited scope, or in suppon <strong>of</strong> themilitary comm<strong>and</strong>er's scheme <strong>of</strong> maneuver,usually limited to the area <strong>of</strong> military operations.tactical obstacles-Those obstacles employed todisrupt enemy formations, to tum them· into adesired area, to fix them in position underdirect <strong>and</strong> indirect fires, <strong>and</strong> to block enemypenetrations.tactical operations area-That area between thefire suppon coordination line <strong>and</strong> the rearoperations area where maximum flexibility inthe use <strong>of</strong> airspace is needed to assure missionaccomplishment.' The rear boundary <strong>of</strong> thetactical operations area should normally be ator near the rear boundary <strong>of</strong> the frontlinedivisions.tactical operations center-A physical groupment·<strong>of</strong> those elements <strong>of</strong> an Army general <strong>and</strong>special· staff concerned with the current tacticaloperations <strong>and</strong> the tactical suppon there<strong>of</strong>.Also called TOC.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>tactical nmge(*)-A range in which realisticwgets are in use <strong>and</strong> a cenain freedom <strong>of</strong>maneuver is allowed.tactical resene(*)-A pan <strong>of</strong> a force, held underthe control <strong>of</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>er as a maneuveringforce to influence future action.tactical security(*)-ln operations, the measuresnecessary to deny information to the enemy <strong>and</strong>to ensure that a force retains its freedom <strong>of</strong>action <strong>and</strong> is warned or protected against anunexpected encounter with the enemy or anattack. See also physical security; protectivesecurity; security.tactical sub-eoncept(*)-A statement, in broadoutline, for a specific field <strong>of</strong> military capabilitywithin a tactical concept which provides aconunon basis both for equipment <strong>and</strong> weaponsystem development <strong>and</strong> for future development<strong>of</strong> tactical doctrine. See also tactical concept.tactical transport aircraft(*)-Aircraft designedprimarily for the carriage <strong>of</strong> personnel <strong>and</strong>/orcargo over shon or medium distances.tactical troops-Combat troops, together with anyservice troops required for their direct suppon,who are organized under one comm<strong>and</strong>er tooperate as a unit <strong>and</strong> engage the enemy incombat. See also troops.tactical UDit-An organization <strong>of</strong> troops, aircraft,or ships which is intended to serve as a singleunit in combat. It may include service unitsrequired for its direct suppon.tactical vehicle-See military designed vehicle.tactical warning-I. A warning after initiation <strong>of</strong>a threatening or hostile act based on an evaluation<strong>of</strong> information from all available sources.2. In satellite <strong>and</strong> missile surveillance, anotification to operational comm<strong>and</strong> centersthat a specific threat event is occurring. The377
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>component elements that describe threat eventsare: Count~)' <strong>of</strong> origiD-countty or countriesinitiating hostilities. Event type <strong>and</strong>size-identification <strong>of</strong> the type <strong>of</strong> event <strong>and</strong>determination <strong>of</strong> the size or number <strong>of</strong> weapons.Country under attack-detennined byobserving trajectory <strong>of</strong> an object <strong>and</strong> predictingits impact point. Event time-time the hostileevent occurred. Also called integrated tacticalwBI'IIiDg. See also attack assessment; strategicwamiDg.tactical wamiDg <strong>and</strong> assessment-A compositeterm. See separate defmitions for tacticalwarning <strong>and</strong> for attack assessment.tactical waraillg <strong>and</strong> attack assessmeat-A. composite term. See separate definitions fortactical warning <strong>and</strong> for aaack assessment.tactical WBI"IIiDg/attack assessmmt-A compositeterm. See separate definitions for tacticalwarning <strong>and</strong> for attack assessment.tactic:s-l. The employment <strong>of</strong> units in combat.2. The ordered arrangement <strong>and</strong> maneuver <strong>of</strong>units in relation to each other <strong>and</strong>/or. to iheenemy in order to use their full potentialities.T ADIL-See tactical cligitaliDformation liDk.T AI-See International Atomic Time.tail hook-See aircraft arrestiDg hook.tally bo-A code meaning, "Target visually sighted"(presumably the wget I have been orderedto intercept). This should be followed byinitial contact repon as soon as possible. Thesighting should be amplified if possible (e.g.,"tallyho pounce, • or "tallyho heads up").taDk, combat, full-tracked, 105-mm gun-Aheavy, fully armored combat vehicle providingmobile fare power <strong>and</strong> crew protection for<strong>of</strong>fensive combat, armed with one 105-mmgun, one 7.62-mm gun <strong>and</strong> one SO-calibermachine gun. Designated as M-60.taDk, combat, full-tracked, 152-mm guu-Aheavily armored v~hicle providing mobilefirepower <strong>and</strong> crew protection for <strong>of</strong>fensivecombat armed with one 152-mm gun/launcher,capable <strong>of</strong> firing Sbillelagh missiles or conventionalcombustible ammunition, one SO-calibermachine gun <strong>and</strong> one 7.62-mm machine gun.taDk, combat, full-tracked, 90-mm guu-A fullyarmored combat vehicle providing mobile firepower <strong>and</strong> crew protection for <strong>of</strong>fensive combat,armed with one 90-mm gun, one SO-calibermachine gun, <strong>and</strong> one 7 .62-mm machinegun. Designated as M48A3.taDk Jancting sbip-A naval ship designed totransport aod l<strong>and</strong> amphibious vehicles, tanks,combat vehicles, <strong>and</strong> equipment in amphibiousassault. Designated as I.Sr.1\taDk, maiD battle-A tracked vehicle providingmobile firepower <strong>and</strong> crew protection for<strong>of</strong>fensive combat.TAOR-see tadical area <strong>of</strong> responsibility.target-1. A geographical area, complex, orinstallation planned for capture or desuuctionby military forces. 2. In intelligence usage, acountry, area, installation, agency, or personagainst which intelligence operations are directed.3. An area designated <strong>and</strong> numbered forfuture firing. 4. In gunfire suppon usage, animpact burst which bits the wget. See alsoobjective area.target acquisition(*)-The detection, identification,<strong>and</strong> location <strong>of</strong> a wget in sufficient detailto permit the effective employment <strong>of</strong> weapons.See also target ualysis.target ualysis(*)-An examination <strong>of</strong> potentialwgets to determine military importance, priori0378
•. • ' •. •:,{, H .....: ~' •• •': '\ I',<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>ty <strong>of</strong> attack, <strong>and</strong> weapons required to obtain adesired level <strong>of</strong> damage or casualties. See alsotarget acquisition.target approach point(*)-In air transpon operations,a navigational check point over which thefinal tum into the drop zone/l<strong>and</strong>ing zone ismade. See also initial point.target area survey base(*)-A base line used forthe locating <strong>of</strong> wgets or other points by theintersection <strong>of</strong> observations from two stationslocated at opposite ends on the line.target array-A graphic representation <strong>of</strong> enemyforces, personnel, <strong>and</strong> facilities in a specificsituation, accompanied by a wget analysis.target audience(•)-An individual or group selectedfor influence or attack by means <strong>of</strong> psychologicaloperations.target base line-A line connecting prime wgetsalong the periphery <strong>of</strong> a geographic area.target beariag-1. true-The true compass bearing<strong>of</strong> a wget from a firing. ship. 2. relative-Thebearing <strong>of</strong> a wget measured in thehorizontal from the bow <strong>of</strong> one's own shipclockwise from 0 degrees to 360 degrees, or· from the nose <strong>of</strong> one's own aircraft in hours <strong>of</strong>the clock.target CAP-See target combat air patrol.target classification-A grouping <strong>of</strong> wgets inaccordance with ·_their threat to the amphibioustask force <strong>and</strong> its component elements: targetsnot to be fired upon prior to D-day <strong>and</strong> targetsnot to be destroyed except on direct orders.target combat air patrol-A patrol <strong>of</strong> fightersmainta,jned over an enemy target area to destroyenemy aircraft · <strong>and</strong> to cover friendlyshipping in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the wget area inamphibious operations. See also combat airpatrol.target complex(*)-A geographically integratedseries <strong>of</strong> target concentrations. See also tar·get.target component-A major element <strong>of</strong> a targetcomplex or target. It is any machinery, structure,personnel, or other productive asset thatcontributes to the operation or output <strong>of</strong> thetarget complex or target. See also target;target critical damage point.target concentration(*)-A grouping <strong>of</strong> geographicallyproximate targets. See also target; targetcomplex.target critical damage point-The part <strong>of</strong> a targetcomponent that is most vital. Also calledcritical node. See also target; target component.target data Inventory-A basic targeting programwhich provides a st<strong>and</strong>ardized target data insuppon <strong>of</strong> the requirements <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs<strong>of</strong> Staff, <strong>Military</strong> Departments, <strong>and</strong> unified <strong>and</strong>specified comm<strong>and</strong>s for target planning coordination<strong>and</strong> weapons application.target date(*)-The date· on which it is desiredthat an action be accomplished or initiated.target description-See description <strong>of</strong> target.target director post-A special control element <strong>of</strong>the tactical air control system. It performs noair warning service but is used to positionfriendly aircraft over predetermined targetcoordinates, or other geographical locations,under all weather conditions.target discrimination(•)-The ability <strong>of</strong> a surveillanceor guidance system to identify or engageany one target when multiple targets are present.379
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>target dossier(•)-A file <strong>of</strong> assembled targetintelligence about a specific geographic area.target folder(*~ A folder containing target intelligence<strong>and</strong> related materials prepared for planning<strong>and</strong> executing action against a specifictarget.targeting-I. The process <strong>of</strong> selecting targets <strong>and</strong>matching the appropriate response to them,taking account <strong>of</strong> operational requirements <strong>and</strong>capabilities. 2. The analysis <strong>of</strong> enemy situationsrelative to the comm<strong>and</strong>er's mission,objectives, <strong>and</strong> capabilities at the comm<strong>and</strong>er'sdisposal, to identify <strong>and</strong> nominate specificwlnerabilities that, if exploited, will accomplishthe comm<strong>and</strong>er's purpose through delay~ing, disrupting, disabling, or destroying enemyforces or resources critical to the enemy. Seealso joint targetiDg coordination board.target iDtelligence(*)-lntelligence which portrays<strong>and</strong> locates the components <strong>of</strong> a target or targetcomplex <strong>and</strong> indicates its wlnerability <strong>and</strong>relative imponance. ·target list-The listing <strong>of</strong> targets maintained <strong>and</strong>promulgated by the senior echelon <strong>of</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>;it contains those targets that are to beengaged by supponing anus, as distinguishedfrom a "list <strong>of</strong> targets" that may be maintainedby any echelon as confinned, suspected, orpossible targets for informational <strong>and</strong> planningpurposes. See also joint target liit; list <strong>of</strong>targets.target materials-Graphic, textual, tabular, digital,video, or other presentations <strong>of</strong> targetintelligence, primarily designed to supponoperations against designated targets by one ormore weapon(s) systems. Target materials aresuitable for training, planning, executing, <strong>and</strong>evaluating military operations. See also airtarget materials prograiD.target <strong>of</strong> opportunity-I. A target visible to asurface or air sensor or observer, which iswithin range <strong>of</strong> available weapons <strong>and</strong> againstwhich fire has not been scheduled or requested.2. nuclear-A nuclear target observed ordetected after an operation begins that has notbeen previously considered, analyzed orplanned for a nuclear strike. Generally fleetingin nature, it shoUld be attacked as soon aspossible within the time limitations imposed forcoordination <strong>and</strong> warning <strong>of</strong> friendly troops <strong>and</strong>aircraft.target overlay(*)-A transparent sheet which,when superimposed on a particular chan, map,drawing, tracing or other representation, depictstarget locations <strong>and</strong> designations. Thetarget overlay may also show boundaries betweenmaneuver elements, objectives <strong>and</strong>friendly forward dispositions.target pattern-The flight path <strong>of</strong> aircraft duringthe attack phase. Also called attack pattern.target priority-A grouping <strong>of</strong> targets with theindicated sequence <strong>of</strong> attack.target ~See range.target respoase (nuclear)(*)-The effect on men,material, <strong>and</strong> equipment <strong>of</strong> blast, heat, light,<strong>and</strong> nuclear radiation resulting from the explosion<strong>of</strong> a nuclear weapon.taraet signature(*)-I. The characteristic pattern<strong>of</strong> a target displayed by detection <strong>and</strong> identificationequipment. 2. In naval mine warfare,the variation in the influence field produced bythe passage <strong>of</strong> a ship or sweep.target stress point-The weakest point (mostwlnerable to damage) on the critical damagepoint. Also called vulnerable node. See alsotarget aitical damage point./"'\380
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>target system(*)-1. All the wgets situated in aparticular geographic area <strong>and</strong> functionallyrelated. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 2. A group <strong>of</strong> Wgets whichare so related that their destruction will producesome panicular effect desired by theattacker. See also target compls.target system component-A set <strong>of</strong> wgets belongingto one or more groups <strong>of</strong> industries <strong>and</strong>basic utilities required to produce componentparts <strong>of</strong> an end product such as periscopes, orone type <strong>of</strong> a series <strong>of</strong> interrelated commodities,such as aviation gasoline.task componeut-A subdivision <strong>of</strong> a fleet, taskforce, task group, or task unit, organized bythe respective comm<strong>and</strong>er or by higher authorityfor the accomplishment <strong>of</strong> specific tasks.task element-A component <strong>of</strong> a uaval task unitorganized by the comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> a task unit orhigher authority.task Deet-A mobile CQJI1I11IDd consisting <strong>of</strong> ships<strong>and</strong> aircraft necessary for the accomplishment<strong>of</strong> a specific major task or tasks which may be<strong>of</strong> a continuing nature.task force(*)-1. A temporary grouping <strong>of</strong> units,under one comm<strong>and</strong>er, formed for the purpose<strong>of</strong> carrying out a specific operation or mission.2. Semi-pennanem organization <strong>of</strong> units,under one comm<strong>and</strong>er, formed for the purpose<strong>of</strong> carrying out a continuing specific task. 3.A component <strong>of</strong> a fleet organized by the comm<strong>and</strong>er<strong>of</strong> a task fleet or higher authority forthe accomplishm~m <strong>of</strong> a specific task or tasks.See also force(s).task group-A component <strong>of</strong> a uaval task forceorganized by the comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> a task force orhigher authority ..task organintioD-1. In the Navy, an organizationwhich assigns to responsible comm<strong>and</strong>ersthe means with which to accomplish theirassigned tasks in any planned action. 2. Anorganization table pertaining to a specific navaldirective.task-organizing-The act <strong>of</strong> designing an operatingforce, suppon staff, or logistics package <strong>of</strong>specific size <strong>and</strong> composition to meet a uniquetask or mission. Cbaracleristics to examinewhen task-organizing the force include, but arenot limited to: training, experience, equipage,sustainability, operating environment, enemythreat, <strong>and</strong> mobility.task UDit-A component <strong>of</strong> a naval task grouporganized by the comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> a task group orhigher authority.taxiway(•)-A specially prepared or designatedpath on an airfield for the use <strong>of</strong> taxiing aircraft.Tee-see tnmsportatloD compoDent commaDd.T -day-see times.tear liDe-A physical line on an intelligence messageor document which separates categories <strong>of</strong>information tbat bave been approved for foreigndisclosure <strong>and</strong> release. Normally, theintelligence below the tear line is that whichhas been previously cleared for disclosure orrelease.TECDOC-see tedmical documentation.teclmical 8118lysis(*)-ln imagery interprewion,the precise description <strong>of</strong> details appearing onimagery.tedmical usistanc:e-The providing <strong>of</strong> advice,assistance, <strong>and</strong> training pertaining to the installation,operation, <strong>and</strong> maintenance <strong>of</strong> equipment.tedmical characteristics-Those characteristics <strong>of</strong>equipment which pertain primarily to the381
Jobd <strong>Pub</strong> 1-G2eugineerinl principles involved in producingequipment possessing desired military characteristics,e.g., for electronic equipment, technicalcharacteristics include such items as circuitry,<strong>and</strong> types <strong>and</strong> arrangement <strong>of</strong> componenlS.tecbalcal doc:umeatatioa-Visual informationdocumentation (with or without sound as anintegral documenwion componeztt) <strong>of</strong> an actualevent made for purposes <strong>of</strong> evaluation. Typically,technical documentarian contributes tothe study <strong>of</strong> human or mechanical factors,procedures, <strong>and</strong> processes in the fields <strong>of</strong>medicine, science, logistics, research, development,test <strong>and</strong> evaluation, intelligence, investi- .gations, 8Dd armament delivery. Also calledTECDOC. See also nsual iDformatioD doc:umeatatlcm.tedmical escort-An individual technically qualified<strong>and</strong> properly equipped to accompanydesignated material requiring a high degree <strong>of</strong>safety or security during shipment.tedmical evaluatioa-The study <strong>and</strong> investigationsby a developing agency to determine the technicalsuitability <strong>of</strong> material, equipment, or asystem, for use in the <strong>Military</strong> Services.· Seealso operadoDal eYaluadoa.tedmical iDiormaticm-IDformation, includiqscientific information, which relates to research,development, engineeriug, test, ev~uation,production, operation, use, <strong>and</strong> maintenance<strong>of</strong> munitions <strong>and</strong> other military supplies<strong>and</strong> equipment.tedmical iDteDigeac:e-Intelligence derived fromexploiWion <strong>of</strong> foreign materiel, produced forstrategic, operational, <strong>and</strong> tactical level com-. m<strong>and</strong>ers. Technical intelligence begins whenan iDdividual service member fiDds somethiqnew on the battlefield <strong>and</strong> takes the propersteps to repon it. The item is then exploited atsucceediqly hiJher levels until a countermeasureis produced to neutralize the adversary'sntechnological advantage. Also called. 'TECIDNT. See also intelligence; scientificmd teclmic:al intelligeDce.technic:al operatioDal intelligence-A DefenseIntelligence Agency initiative to provide enhancedscientific <strong>and</strong> technical intelligence tothe comm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>of</strong> unified comm<strong>and</strong>s <strong>and</strong> theirsubordinates through a closed loop systeminvolving all Service <strong>and</strong> Defense IntelligenceAgency scientific <strong>and</strong> technical intelligencecenters. Through a system manager in theNational <strong>Military</strong> <strong>Joint</strong> Intelligence Center, thetechnical operational intelligence programprovides timely collection, analysis, <strong>and</strong> dissemiNrion<strong>of</strong> area <strong>of</strong> responsibility specificscientific <strong>and</strong> technical intelligence to combatamcomm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>and</strong> their subordinates forplanning, ttaining, <strong>and</strong> executing joint operations.AlSo called TOPINT.tedmic:al renew authority-The organizationtasked to provide specialized technical or ~administrative expertise to the primary review 1 \authority or coordinatiq review authority forjoint publications. See also coonlinadngreriew authority; joiDt pubUcation; primaryreriew authority.tedmic:al spedfic:ation(*)-A detailed description<strong>of</strong> technical requirements swed in terms suitableto form the basis for the actual designdevelopment <strong>and</strong> production processes <strong>of</strong> anitem baving the qualities specified in the operationalcbaracteristics. See also operatioDalcbarac:teristics.tedmical supply operadoDS-()perations performedby supply units or technical supplyelemems <strong>of</strong> supply <strong>and</strong> maintenance units inacquiriag, accounting for, storing, <strong>and</strong> issuingClass D <strong>and</strong> IV items needed by supponedunits <strong>and</strong> maintenance activities.tedmic:al surYey-A complete electronic <strong>and</strong>physical inspection to ascenain that <strong>of</strong>fices,382
. '~ ·;. <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>conference rooms, war rooms, <strong>and</strong> other similarlocations where classified information isdiscussed are free <strong>of</strong> monitoring systems. Seealso sweep.telecommuoication(*)-Any transmission, emission,or reception <strong>of</strong> signs, signals, writings,images, sounds, or information <strong>of</strong> any natureby wire, radio, visual, or other electromagneticsystems.telecommUDicatious center-A facility, nonnallyserving more than one organization or terminal,responsible for transmission, receipt, acceptance,processing <strong>and</strong> distribution <strong>of</strong> incoming<strong>and</strong> outgoing messages.teleconference(*)-A conference between personsremote from one another but linked by a telecouununicationssystem.telemetry intelligence-Technical intelligence~erived from the intercept, processing, <strong>and</strong>analysis <strong>of</strong> foreign telemetry. Telemetryintelligence is a category <strong>of</strong> foreign instrumentationsignals intelligence. Also calledTELINT. See also electronics intelligence;intelligence;. foreign instrumentation sipalsintelligence.teleprocessiDg-The combining <strong>of</strong> teleconununications<strong>and</strong> computer operations interacting in theautomatic processing, reception, <strong>and</strong> transmission<strong>of</strong> data <strong>and</strong>/or information.teleran system-A navigational system which: a.employs ground-based search radar equipmentalong an airway to locate aircraft flying nearthat airway; b. transmits, by television means,information penaining to these aircraft aodother information to the pilots <strong>of</strong> properlyequipped aircraft; <strong>and</strong> c. provides informationto the pilots appropriate for use in the l<strong>and</strong>ingapproach.television imagery-Imagery acquired by a televisioncamera <strong>and</strong> recorded or transmitted electronically.TELINT -see telemetry iDtelligence.telling-See track telling.temperature gradient-At sea, a temperaturegradient is the change <strong>of</strong> temperature withdepth; a positive gradient is a temperatureincrease with an increase in depth, <strong>and</strong> a negativegradient is a temperature decrease with anincrease in depth.temporary cemetery(*)-A cemetery for thepurpose <strong>of</strong>: a. The initial burial <strong>of</strong> the remainsif the circumstances permit or b. The reburial<strong>of</strong> remains exhumed from an emergency burial.· termiDal dearanc:e capacity-The amount <strong>of</strong>cargo or personnel that can be moved through<strong>and</strong> out <strong>of</strong> a terminal on a daily basis.terminal eoDtrol area-A c:onttol area or ponionthere<strong>of</strong> nonnally situated at the confluence <strong>of</strong>air. ttaffic service routes in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> oneor more major airfields. See also airway;eoatrol area; eoatroUed airspace; controlzone.terminal guidance-I. The guidance applied to aguided missile between midc:ourse guidance <strong>and</strong>anival in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> the target. 2. Electronic,mechanical, visual, or other assistancegiven an aircraft pilot to facilitate arrival at,operation within or over, l<strong>and</strong>ing upon, ordepanure from an air l<strong>and</strong>ing or airdrop facility.See also guidance.tenniDal operations-The reception, processing,<strong>and</strong> staging <strong>of</strong> passengers, the receipt, transitstorage <strong>and</strong> marshalling <strong>of</strong> cargo, the loading<strong>and</strong> unloading <strong>of</strong> ships or aircraft, <strong>and</strong> themanifesting <strong>and</strong> forwarding <strong>of</strong> cargo <strong>and</strong> passengersto destination.383
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>termiDal phase-That ponion <strong>of</strong> the trajectory <strong>of</strong>a ballistic missile between reentry into theaanosphere or the end <strong>of</strong> the mid-course phase<strong>and</strong> impact or arrival in the vicinity <strong>of</strong> thetarget. See also boost pbase; midcoursepbase; reentry phase.termiDal velodty(*)-1. Hypothetical maximumspeed a body could attain along a specifiedflight path under given conditions . <strong>of</strong> weight<strong>and</strong> thrust if diving through an unlimited distancein air <strong>of</strong> specified unifonn density. 2 .. Remaining speed <strong>of</strong> a projectile at the point inits downward path where it is level with themuzzle <strong>of</strong> the weapon.terrain aaalysis(*)-The collection, analysis,evaluation, <strong>and</strong> interprewion <strong>of</strong> geographicinformation on the natural <strong>and</strong> manmade features<strong>of</strong> the temin, combined with other relevantfactors, to predict the effect <strong>of</strong> the terrainon military operations.terrain avoidance system(*)-A system whichprovides the pilot or navigatOr <strong>of</strong> an aircraftwith a situation display <strong>of</strong> the ground or obstacleswhich· project above either . a horizontalplane through the aircraft or .a plane parallel toit, so that the pilot can maneu~er the aircraft toavoid the obstruction.terrain dearance system(*)-A system -whichprovides the pilot, or autopilot, <strong>of</strong> an aircraftwith climb or dive signals such that the aircraftwill maintain a selected height over flat ground<strong>and</strong> clear the peak$ <strong>of</strong> undulating ground withinthe selected height in a venical plane throughthe flight vector. This system differs fromterrain following in that the aircraft need notdescend into a valley to follow the groundcontour.terrain exercise-An exercise in which a statedmilitary situation is solved on the ground, thetroops being imaginary <strong>and</strong> the solution usuallybeing ·in writing.(\terrain Dight(*)-Flight close to the Eanh's sur- ~face during which airspeed, height <strong>and</strong>/oraltitude are adapted to the contours <strong>and</strong> cover<strong>of</strong> the ground in order to avoid enemy detection<strong>and</strong> fire.terrain foUowiDg system(*)-A system whichprovides the pilot or autopilot <strong>of</strong> an aircraftwith climb or dive signals such that the aircraftwill maintain as closely as possible, a selectedheight above a ground contour in a venicalplane through the flight vector.terrain fDtelligeoce-Processed infonnation on themilitary significance <strong>of</strong> natural <strong>and</strong> manmadecharacteristics <strong>of</strong> an area.terrain study-An analysis aDd interpretation <strong>of</strong>natural <strong>and</strong> manmade features <strong>of</strong> an area, theireffects on military operations, <strong>and</strong> the effect <strong>of</strong>weather <strong>and</strong> climate on these features.terrestrial emiroDment-The Earth's l<strong>and</strong> area,(\including its manmade <strong>and</strong> natural surface <strong>and</strong>:sub-surface features, <strong>and</strong> its interfaces <strong>and</strong>interactions with the atmosphere <strong>and</strong> theoceans.terrestrial reference guidance-The technique <strong>of</strong>providing intelligence to a missile from cenaincharacteristics <strong>of</strong> the surface over which themissile is flown, thereby achieving flight alonga predetermined path. See also guidance.terrorism-The calculated use <strong>of</strong> violence or threat<strong>of</strong> violence to inculcate fear; intended to coerceor to intimidate govenunents or societies in thepursuit <strong>of</strong> goals that are generally political,religious, or ideological. See also 8Dtiterrorism;combatting terrorism; counterterrorism;terrorist; terrorist groups; terroristtbreat condltioas.teiTorist-An individual who uses violence, terror,<strong>and</strong> intimidation to achieve a result. See alsoterrorism.384
.. -.-.,.,._: ';. ·~· t.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> l.Olterrorist groups-Any element regardless <strong>of</strong> sizeor espoused cause, which repeatedly commitsacts <strong>of</strong> violence or threatens violence in pursuit<strong>of</strong> its political, religious, or ideological objectives.See also terrorism.terrorist threat concUtioas-A Chairman <strong>of</strong> the<strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff-approved program st<strong>and</strong>ardizingthe <strong>Military</strong> Services' identification<strong>of</strong> <strong>and</strong> recommended responses to terroristthreats against US personnel <strong>and</strong> facilities.This program facilitates inter-Service coordination<strong>and</strong> support for antiterrorism activities.Also called THREATCONS. There are fourTHREATCONS above normal: a.THREA TCON ALPHA-This condition applieswhen there is a· general threat <strong>of</strong> possibleterrorist activity against personnel <strong>and</strong> facilities,the nature <strong>and</strong> extent <strong>of</strong> which are unpredictable,<strong>and</strong> circumstances do not justify fullimplementation <strong>of</strong> THREATCON BRAVO.measures. However, it may be necessary toimplement certain measures from higherTHREATCONS resulting from intelligencereceived or as a deterrent. The measures inthis THREATCON must be capable <strong>of</strong> beingmaintained indefmitely. b. THREATCONBRAVO-This condition appiies when anincreased <strong>and</strong> more predictable threat <strong>of</strong> terroristactivity exists. The measures in thisTHREA TCON must be capable <strong>of</strong> being maintainedfor weeks without causing undue hardship,affecting operational capability, <strong>and</strong>aggravating relations with local authorities. c.THREATCON CHARLIE-This conditionapplies when an incident occurs or intelligenceis received indicating some form <strong>of</strong> terroristaction against personnel <strong>and</strong> facilities is imminent.Implementation <strong>of</strong> measures in thisTHREATCON for more than a short periodprobably will create hardship <strong>and</strong> affect thepeacetime activities <strong>of</strong> the unit <strong>and</strong> its personnel.d. THREATCON DELTA-This condi-. tion applies in the immediate area where aterrorist attack has occurred or when intelligencehas been received that terrorist actionagainst a specific location or person is likely.Nonnally, this THREATCON is declared as alocalized condition. See also antiterrorism. ·test depth(*)-The depth to which the submarineis tested by actual or simulated submergence.See also maximum operating depth.tests-See service test; troop test.theater-The geographical area outside the continentalUnited States for which a comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong>a combatant comm<strong>and</strong> has been assigned responsibility.theater <strong>of</strong> focus-A theater in which operationsare· most critical to national interests <strong>and</strong> areassigned the highest priority for allocation <strong>of</strong>resources. See also economy <strong>of</strong> force theater.· · theater <strong>of</strong> operatioas-See area <strong>of</strong> operations.theater <strong>of</strong> war-See area <strong>of</strong> war.theater strategy-The art <strong>and</strong> science <strong>of</strong> developingintegrated strategic concepts <strong>and</strong> courses <strong>of</strong>action directed toward securing the objectives<strong>of</strong> national <strong>and</strong> alliance or coalition securitypolicy <strong>and</strong> strategy by the use <strong>of</strong> force, threateneduse <strong>of</strong> force, or operations not involvingthe use <strong>of</strong> force within a theater. See alsomDitary strategy; natioual mUltary strategy;Datioaal security strategy; strategy.thermal crossover-The natural phenomenonwhich normally occurs twice daily when temperatureconditions are such that there is a ~oss<strong>of</strong> contrast between two adjacent objects oninfrared imagery.thermal energy-The energy emitted from thefireball as thermal radiation. The total amount<strong>of</strong> thermal energy received per unit area at aspecified distance from a nuclear explosion isgenerally expressed in terms <strong>of</strong> calories persquare centimeter.385
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>thermal exposure(*)-The total normal component<strong>of</strong> thermal radiation striking . a given surfacethroughout the course <strong>of</strong> a detonation; expressedin calories per square centimeter <strong>and</strong>/ormegajoules per square meter.thermal imagery(*)-lmagery produced by sensing<strong>and</strong> recording the thermal energy emitted otreflected from the objects which are imaged.thermal pulse-The radiant power versus timepulse from a nuclear weapon detonation.thermal radiation(*)-1. The heat <strong>and</strong> lightproduced by a nuclear explosion. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 2.Electromagnetic radiations emitted from a heator light source as a consequence <strong>of</strong> its temperature;it consists essentially <strong>of</strong> ultraviolet, visible,<strong>and</strong> infrared radiations.thermal shadow(*)-The tone contrast difference<strong>of</strong> infrared linescan imagery which is caused bya thermal gradient which persists as a result <strong>of</strong>a shadow <strong>of</strong> an object which bas been moved.thermal X-rays(*)-The electromagnetic radiation,mainly in the s<strong>of</strong>t (low-ene!JY) X-ray region,emiued by the debris <strong>of</strong> a nuclear weapon byvirtue <strong>of</strong> its extremely high temperature.·thermonuclear(*)-An adjective referring to theprocess (or processes) in which very hightemperatures are used to bring about the fusion<strong>of</strong> light nuclei, with the accompanying liberation<strong>of</strong> energy.thermonuclear weaj,on(*)-A weapon in whichvery high temperatures are used to bring aboutthe fusion <strong>of</strong> light nuclei such as those <strong>of</strong>hydrogen isotopes (e.g., deuterium <strong>and</strong> tritium)with the accompanying release <strong>of</strong> eneiJY. Thehigh temperatures required are obtained bymeans <strong>of</strong> fiSSion.third area coDIUct-Not to be used. See coldwar; general war; glierriUa warfare; limitedwar; low inteDsity coDilict.thorough decoatamlnatlon(*)-Decontaminationcanied out by a unit, with or without externalsuppon, to reduce contamination on personnel,equipment, materiel <strong>and</strong>/or working areas tothe lowest possible levels, to permit the partialor total removal <strong>of</strong> individual protective equipment<strong>and</strong> to maintain operations with minimumdegradation. This may include terrain decontaminationbeyond the scope <strong>of</strong> operationaldecontamination. See ·also decontamination;immediate decontamination; operationaldecontamination.tbrat 81181ysis-In antiterrorism, threat analysis isa continual process <strong>of</strong> compiling <strong>and</strong> examiningall available information concerning potentialterrorist activities by terrorist groups whichcould wget a facility. A threat analysis willreview the factors <strong>of</strong> a terrorist group's exis- ~tence, capability, intentions, history, <strong>and</strong> w- ! \geting, as well as the security environmentwithin which friendly forces operate. Threatanalysis is an essential step in identifyingprobability <strong>of</strong> terrorist attack <strong>and</strong> results in athreat assessment. See also antiterrorism.tbrat <strong>and</strong> vulnerability assessment-In antiterrorism,the pairing <strong>of</strong> a facility's threat analysis<strong>and</strong> vulnerability analysis. See also mtiterrorism.TIIREATCON ALPHA-See terrorist ~conditio•.TIIREA TCON BRA VO..See terrorist threatconditioDS.TIIREATCON CHARLIE-See terrorist threatconditioas.TIIREATCON DELTA-See terrorist threatconditions.386
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>THREATCONs-See terroristthreatconditioas.threat identiftcation <strong>and</strong> assessment-The <strong>Joint</strong>Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution Systemfunction that provides timely warning <strong>of</strong> potentialthreats to US interests; intelligence collectionrequirements; the effects <strong>of</strong> environmental,physical, <strong>and</strong> health hazards, <strong>and</strong> culturalfactors on friendly <strong>and</strong> enemy operations; <strong>and</strong>detennines the enemy military posture <strong>and</strong>possible intentions.tbreat-oriented munitions(*)-ln stockpile planning,munitions intended to neutralize a finiteassessed threat <strong>and</strong> for which the total requirementis detennined by an agreed mathematicalmodel. See also level-<strong>of</strong>-effort munitions.threshold(*)-The beginning <strong>of</strong> that ponion <strong>of</strong> therunway usable for l<strong>and</strong>ing.throughput-The average quantity <strong>of</strong> cargo <strong>and</strong>passengers that can pass through a pon on adaily basis from arrival at the pon to loadingonto a ship or plane, or from the dischargefrom a ship or plane to the exit (clearance)from the pon complex. Throughput is usuallyexpressed in· measurement tons, shon tons, orpassengers. Reception <strong>and</strong> storage limitationmay affect final throughput.Thunderbolt D-A twin-engine, subsonic, turbo--"fan, tactical fighter/bomber. It is capable <strong>of</strong>employing a variety <strong>of</strong> air-to-surface-launchedweapons in the close air suppon role. Shanfield,unimproved surfaces are considerednormal take<strong>of</strong>f/l<strong>and</strong>ing operating areas. Thisaircraft is also capable <strong>of</strong> long endurance in thewget area <strong>and</strong> is supplemented by air refueling.An internally mounted 30-mm cannon iscapable <strong>of</strong> destroying a wide variety <strong>of</strong> armorprotectedvehicles. Designated as A-10.TIARA-See tactical intelligeDce aad relatedactivities.tied on-In air intercept, a code meaning, "Theaircraft indicated is in formation with me. "tie down(*)-The fastening or securing <strong>of</strong> a load toits carrier by use <strong>of</strong> ropes, cables or othermeans to prevent shifting during transpon.Also used (as a noun) to describe the materialemployed to secure a load.tie down diagram(*)-A drawing indicating theprescribed method <strong>of</strong> securing a panicular item<strong>of</strong> cargo within a specific type <strong>of</strong> vehicle.tie down poiat(*)-An attachment point providedon or within a vehicle for securing cargo.tie down point pattern(*)-The pattern <strong>of</strong> tiedown points within a vehicle.tilt angle(*)-The angle between the optical axis <strong>of</strong>an air camera <strong>and</strong> the venical at the time <strong>of</strong>exposure. See also angle <strong>of</strong> depression.time-An epoch, i.e., the designation <strong>of</strong> an instanton a selected time scale, astronomical or atomic.· It is used in the sense <strong>of</strong> time <strong>of</strong> day.time <strong>and</strong> frequency st<strong>and</strong>ard-A reference value<strong>of</strong> time <strong>and</strong> time interval. St<strong>and</strong>ards <strong>of</strong> timeaDd frequency are determined by astronomicalobservations <strong>and</strong> by the operation <strong>of</strong> atomicclocks <strong>and</strong> other advanced timekeeping instruments.They are disseminated by transpon <strong>of</strong>clocks, radio transmissions. satellite relay, <strong>and</strong>other means.time <strong>and</strong> material contract-A contract providingfor the procurement <strong>of</strong> supplies or services onthe basis <strong>of</strong>: a. direct labor hours at specifiedfixed hourly rates (which rates include direct<strong>and</strong> indirect labor. overhead. <strong>and</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>it); <strong>and</strong>b. material at cost.time fuze(*)-A fuze which contains a graduatedtime element to regulate the time interval afterwhich the fuze will function. See also fuze.387
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>time interval-Duration <strong>of</strong> a segment <strong>of</strong> timewithout reference to when the time intervalbegins or ends. Time intervals may be givenin seconds <strong>of</strong> time or fractions there<strong>of</strong>.time <strong>of</strong> attack-The hour at which the attack is tobe launched. If a line <strong>of</strong> departure is prescribed,it is the hour at which the line is to becrossed by the leading elements <strong>of</strong> the attack.time <strong>of</strong> delivery-The time at which the addresseeor responsible relay agency receipts for amessage.time <strong>of</strong> Oight(*)-ln anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfuesuppon, the time in seconds from the instant aweapon is fired, launched, or released from thedelivery vehicle or weapons system to theinstant it strikes or detonates.time-phased force <strong>and</strong> deployment data-Thecomputer-supponed data base ponion <strong>of</strong> anoperation plan; it contains time-phased forcedata, non-unit-related cargo <strong>and</strong> personnel data,<strong>and</strong> movement data for the operation plan,including: a. In-place units. . b. Units to bedeployed to suppon the operation plan with apriority indicating the desired sequence fortheir arrival at the pon <strong>of</strong> debarkation. c.Routing <strong>of</strong> forces to be deployed. d. Movementdata associated with deploying forces. e.Estimates <strong>of</strong> non-unit-related cargo <strong>and</strong> personnelmovements to be conducted concurrentlywith the deployment <strong>of</strong> forces. f. Estimate <strong>of</strong>transponation requirements that must be fulfilledby common-user lift resources as well asthose requirements that can be fulfilled byassigned or attached transponation resources.Also called TPFDD.7\time <strong>of</strong> origin-The· time at which a message isreleased for transmission.time <strong>of</strong> receipt-The time at which a receivingstation completes reception <strong>of</strong> a message.time on target-1. Time at which aircraft arescheduled to attack/photograph the target. 2.The actual time at which aircraft attack/photographthe target. 3. The time atwhich a nuclear detonation is planned at aspecified desired ground zero.time on target (air)-See time on target-Parts 1<strong>and</strong> 2.time over target conflict-A situation wherein twoor more delivery vehicles are scheduled suchthat their proximity violates the establishedseparation criteria for yield, time, distance, orall three.time over target (nuclear)-See time on targetPart 3.time-phased force <strong>and</strong> deployment data maintenance-Thedeliberate planning process thatrequires a supponed comm<strong>and</strong>er to incorporate .r'\~changes to a time-phased force <strong>and</strong> deploymentdata (TPFDD) that occur after the TPFDDbecomes effective for execution. TPFDDmaintenance is conducted by the supponedcombatant comm<strong>and</strong>er in coordination with thesupporting combatant comm<strong>and</strong>ers, Servicecomponents, US Transponation Comm<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong>other agencies as required. At designatedintervals, changes to data in the TPFDD,including force structure, st<strong>and</strong>ard referencefiles, <strong>and</strong> Services' type unit characteristicsfile, are updated in <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning<strong>and</strong> Execution System (lOPES) to ensurecurrency <strong>of</strong> deployment data. TPFDD maintenancemay also be used to update the TPFDDfor Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff or<strong>Joint</strong> Strategic Capabilities Plan submission inlieu <strong>of</strong> refmement during the lOPES pl<strong>and</strong>evelopment phase. Also called 1?FDDmaintenance. See also time-phased force <strong>and</strong>deployment data; time-pbued force <strong>and</strong>deployment data ref"mement.388---~---==~~~~-~- ----~---
. ·;:·<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>.etime-phased force <strong>and</strong> deployment data refinement-Forboth global <strong>and</strong> regional operationplan development, the process consists <strong>of</strong>several discrete phases time-phased force <strong>and</strong>deployment data (TPFDD) that may be conductedsequentially or concurrently, in wholeor in pan. These phases are Concept, PlanDevelopment, <strong>and</strong> Review. The Plan DevelopmentPhase consists <strong>of</strong> several subphases:Forces, Logistics, <strong>and</strong> Transponation, withshonfall identification associated with eachphase. The Plan Development phases are· collectively referred to as TPFDD refinement.The normal TPFDD refinement process consists<strong>of</strong> sequentially refming forces, logistics(non-unit-related personnel <strong>and</strong> sustainment),<strong>and</strong> transportation data to develop a TPFDDfile that supports a feasible <strong>and</strong> adequate overlapping<strong>of</strong> several refinement phases. Thedecision is made by the supported comm<strong>and</strong>er,unless otherwise directed by the Chairman <strong>of</strong>the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff. For global planning,refinement conferences are conducted by the<strong>Joint</strong> Staff in conjunction with US TransponationComm<strong>and</strong>. TPFDD refinement is conductedin coordination with supported <strong>and</strong>supporting comm<strong>and</strong>ers, Services, the <strong>Joint</strong>Staff, <strong>and</strong> other supponing agencies. Comm<strong>and</strong>erin Chief, US Transponation Comm<strong>and</strong>,will normally host refinement conferences atthe request <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Staff or the supportedcomm<strong>and</strong>er. Also called TPFDD refinemeut •.See also time-pbased force <strong>and</strong> deploymentdata; time-pbased force <strong>and</strong> deployment datamaintenance.time-phased force <strong>and</strong> deployment list-Appendix1 to Annex A <strong>of</strong> the operation plan. Itidentifies types <strong>and</strong>/or actual units required tosupport the operation plan <strong>and</strong> indicates origin<strong>and</strong> ports <strong>of</strong> debarkation or ocean area. It mayalso be generated as a computer listing fromthe time-phased force <strong>and</strong> deployment data.Also called TPFDL.times-(C-, D-, M-days end at2400 hours UniversalTime (zulu time) <strong>and</strong> are assumed to be 24hours long for planning.) The Chairman <strong>of</strong> the<strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff normally coordinates theproposed date with the comm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>of</strong> theappropriate unified <strong>and</strong> specified comm<strong>and</strong>s, aswell as any recommended changes to C-day.L-bour will be established per plan, crisis, ortheater <strong>of</strong> operations <strong>and</strong> will apply to both air<strong>and</strong> surface movements. Normally, L-hourwill be established to allow C-day to be a24-hour day. a. C-day. The unnamed day onwhich a deployment operation commences or isto commence. The deployment may be movement<strong>of</strong> troops, cargo, weapon systems, or acombination <strong>of</strong> these elements using any or alltypes <strong>of</strong> transport. The lener "C" will be theonly one used to denote the above. The highestcomm<strong>and</strong> or headquarters responsible Eforcoordinating the planning will specify the euctImeaning <strong>of</strong> C-day within the aforementio~eddefinition. The comm<strong>and</strong> or headquartersdirec:tly responsible for the execution <strong>of</strong> theoperation, if other than the one coordinatingthe planning, will do so in light <strong>of</strong> the meaningspecified by the highest comm<strong>and</strong> or headquarterscoordinating the planning. b. D-elay.- The unnamed day on which a particular operationcommences or is to commence. c.F-hoilr. The effective time <strong>of</strong> announcementby the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense to the <strong>Military</strong>Departments <strong>of</strong> a decision to mobilize Reserveunits. d. B-hour. The specific hour onD-day at which a panicular operation commences.e. L-bour. The specific hour onC-day at which a deployment operation commencesor is to commence. f. M-clay. Theterm used to designate the unnamed day onwhich full mobilization commences or is due tocommence. g. N-day. The unnamed day anactive duty unit is notified for deployment orredeployment. h. R-elay. Redeployment day.The day on which redeployment <strong>of</strong> majorcombat, combat support, <strong>and</strong> combat servicesupport forces begins in an operation. i.8-day. The day the President authorizes389
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>Selected Reserve callup (not more than200,000). j. T-day. The effective day coincidentwith Presidential declaration <strong>of</strong> NationalEmergency <strong>and</strong> authorization <strong>of</strong> panial mobilization(not more than 1,000,000 personnelexclusive <strong>of</strong> the 200,000 callup). k. W-day.Declared by the National Comm<strong>and</strong> Authorities,W-day is associated with an adversarydecision to prepare for war (unambiguousstrategic warning).time-seasitive special operatiom planning-Theplanning for the deployment <strong>and</strong> employment<strong>of</strong> assigned, attached, <strong>and</strong> allocated forces <strong>and</strong>resources that occurs in response to an actualsituation. Time-sensitive planners base theirplan on the actual circumstances that exist atthe time planning occurs. See also deliberateplaDDing.time-seusitive targets-Those targets requiringimmediate response because they pose (or willsoon pose) a clear <strong>and</strong> present danger to friendlyforces or are highly lucrative, fleeting targets<strong>of</strong> opportunity.time slot(*)-Period <strong>of</strong> time during which certainactivities are governed by specific regulations.time-to-go-During an air intercept, the time tO flyto the <strong>of</strong>fset point from any given interceptorposition; after passing the <strong>of</strong>fset point, the timeto fly to the intercept point.tip-See pitch.tips-External fuel tanks.tide block-see information bos.TNT equivalent(*)-A measure <strong>of</strong> the energyreleased from the detonation <strong>of</strong> a nuclearweapon, or from the explosion <strong>of</strong> a givenquantity <strong>of</strong> fissionable material, in terms <strong>of</strong> theamount <strong>of</strong> TNT (Trinitrotoluene) which could390release the same amount <strong>of</strong> energy when exploded.TOI-See track <strong>of</strong> interest.tolerance dose-The amount <strong>of</strong> radiation whichmay be received by an individual within aspecified period with negligible results.Tomahawk-An air-, l<strong>and</strong>-, ship-, or submarinelaunChedcruise missile with three variants:l<strong>and</strong> attack with conventional or nuclear capability,<strong>and</strong> tactical anti-ship with conventionalwarhead.Tomcat-A twin turb<strong>of</strong>an, dual-crew, supersonic,all-weather, long-range interceptor designed tooperate from aircraft carriers. It carries a widfassortment <strong>of</strong> air-to-air <strong>and</strong> 'air-to-groun9missiles <strong>and</strong> conventional ordnance. PrUnartmission is long-range fleet air defense wilLsecondary· close air suppon capability. Designatedas F-14.toae dowu-See attenuation.TO PINT -see tedmical operational intelligence.topographic base-See ebart base.topographic map-A map which presents thevenical position <strong>of</strong> features in measurable formas well as their horizontal positions. See alsomap.top secret-see clefease classification.torpedo defease net(*)-A net employed to closean inner harbor to torpedoes fired from seawardor to protect an individual ship at anchoror underway.toss bombing-A method <strong>of</strong> bombing where anaircraft flies on a line towards the target, pullsup in a venical plane, releasing the bomb at anangle that will compensate for the effect <strong>of</strong>(\. I
~' ..... : J-t'·<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>gravity drop on the bomb. Similar to l<strong>of</strong>tbombing; unrestricted as to altitude. See alsol<strong>of</strong>t bombing; over-the-shoulder bombing.total active aircraft authorization-The sum <strong>of</strong>the primary <strong>and</strong> backup aircraft authorizations.total active ain:raft inventory-The sum <strong>of</strong> theprimary <strong>and</strong> backup aircraft assigned to meetthe total active aircraft authorization.total dosage attack(*)-A chemical operationwhich does not involve a time limit withinwhich to produce the required toxic level.total materiel assets-The total quantity <strong>of</strong> an itemavailable in the military system worldwide <strong>and</strong>all funded procurement <strong>of</strong> the item with adjustmentsto provide for transfers out <strong>of</strong> or into theinventory through the appropriation <strong>and</strong> procurementlead-time periods. It includes peacetimeforce materiel assets <strong>and</strong> war reservestock.total materiel requirement-The S1DD <strong>of</strong> thepeacetime force material requirement <strong>and</strong> thewar reserve material requirement.total mobDizatioD-see mobDization.total oudear war-Not to be used. See generalwar.total overall ain:r8rt inventory-The sum <strong>of</strong> thetotal active aircraft inventory <strong>and</strong> the inactiveaircraft inventory.total pressure(*)-The sum <strong>of</strong> dynamic <strong>and</strong> staticpressures.total war-Not to be used. See general war.touchdown(*)-The contact. or moment <strong>of</strong> contact,<strong>of</strong> an aircraft or spacecraft with the l<strong>and</strong>ingsurface.touchdown zooe(*)-1. For fixed wing aircraftThe first 3,000 feet or 1,000 meters <strong>of</strong> runwaybeginning at the threshold. 2. For rotarywings <strong>and</strong> vectored thrust aircraft-That ponion<strong>of</strong> the helicopter l<strong>and</strong>ing area or runway usedfor l<strong>and</strong>ing.TOW. (misslle)-A component <strong>of</strong> a tube-launched,optically tracked, wire-conun<strong>and</strong> link guidedmissile weapon system which is crew-portable.toxic chemical, biological, or radiological attack-Anattack directed at personnel, animals,or crops, using injurious agents <strong>of</strong> radiological,biological, or chemical origin.toxin agent-A poison formed as a specific secretionproduct in the metabolism <strong>of</strong> a vegetableor animal organism as distinguished ~minorganic poisons. Such poisons can also; bemanufactured by synthetic processes. lTPFDD-See time-phased force <strong>and</strong> deploymentdata.TPFDDmaintenance-See time-phased force <strong>and</strong>deployment data maintenance.TPFDD refinement-See time-phased force <strong>and</strong>deployment data ref"mement.track-1. A series <strong>of</strong> related contacts displayed ona plotting board. 2. To display or record thesuccessive positions <strong>of</strong> a moving object. 3.To lock onto a point <strong>of</strong> radiation <strong>and</strong> obtainguidance therefrom. 4. To keep a gun properlyaimed. or to point continuously a target-locatinginstrument at a moving target. 5. Theactual path <strong>of</strong> an aircraft above. or a ship on,the surface <strong>of</strong> the Earth. The course is thepath that is planned; the track is the path that isactually taken. 6. One <strong>of</strong> the two endless beltson which a full-track or half-track vehicle runs.7. A metal part forming a path for a movingobject. e.g., the track around the inside <strong>of</strong> avehicle for moving a mounted machine gun.391
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>track correlation-Correlating track informationfor identification purposes using all availabledata.track crossing angle-In air intercept, the angulardifference between interceptor track <strong>and</strong> targettrack at the time <strong>of</strong> intercept.tracking(*)-I. Precise <strong>and</strong> continuous positionfinding<strong>of</strong> targets by radar, optical, or othermeans. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 2. In air intercept, a codemeaning, "By my evaluation, target is steeringtrue course indicated."track mode-In a flight control system, a controlmode in which the ground track <strong>of</strong> an aircraftis maintained automatically.track or interest-In counterdrug operations,contacts that meet the initial soning criteriaapplicable in the area where the contacts aredetected. Also called TOI. See also specialinterest target; suspect.track production area(*)-An area in whichtracks are produced by one radar station.track symbology(*)-Symbols used to diSplaytracks on a data display console or other displaydevice.track telling-The process <strong>of</strong> communicating airsurveillance <strong>and</strong> · tactical data informationbetween coiDIIWld <strong>and</strong> control systems orbetween facilities within the systems. Tellingmay be classified into the following types: backtell; cross tell; forward tell; lateral tell; overlaptell <strong>and</strong> relateral tell.terrain will permit continued movement <strong>of</strong> any<strong>and</strong>/or all types <strong>of</strong> traffic.traffic c:irculation map-A map showing trafficroutes <strong>and</strong> the measures for traffic regulation.it indicates the roads for use <strong>of</strong> certain classes<strong>of</strong> traffic, the location <strong>of</strong> traffic control statioris,<strong>and</strong> the directions in which traffic maymove. Also called a circulation map. Seealso map.traffic control polic:e(*)-Any persons ordered bya military comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong>/or by nationalauthorities to facilitate the movement <strong>of</strong> traffic<strong>and</strong> to prevent <strong>and</strong>/or repon any breach <strong>of</strong> roadtraffic regulations.traffic density(*)-The average number <strong>of</strong> vehic~sthat occupy one mile or one kilometer <strong>of</strong> rotdspace, expressed in vehicles per mile or ptrkilometer._(\Itraffic Dow(*)-The total number <strong>of</strong> vehicles ~\passing a given point in a given tirile. Trafficflow. is expressed as vehicles per hour.traffic Dow security-The protection resultingfrom features, inherent in some cryptoequipment,which conceal the presence <strong>of</strong> validmessages on a communications circuit. normallyachieved by causing the circuit to appearbusy at all times.traffic information (radar)-lnformation issued toalen an aircraft to any radar targets observedon the radar display which may be in suchproximity to its position or intended route <strong>of</strong>flight to warrant its attention.tractor group-A group <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing ships in anamphibious operation which carries the amphibiousvehicles <strong>of</strong> the _l<strong>and</strong>ing force.trafficability(*)-Capability · <strong>of</strong> . terrain to beartraffic. It refers to the extent to which the392traffic management-The direction, control, <strong>and</strong>supervision <strong>of</strong> all functions incident to theprocurement <strong>and</strong> use <strong>of</strong> freight <strong>and</strong> passengertransponation services.traffic pattern-The traffic flow that is prescribedfor aircraft l<strong>and</strong>ing at, taxiing on, <strong>and</strong> takingr--\,
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong><strong>of</strong>f from an airpon. The usual components <strong>of</strong>a traffic pattern are upwind leg, crosswind leg,downwind leg, base leg, <strong>and</strong> final approach.trail(*)-1. A term applied to the manner inwhich a bomb trails behind the aircraft fromwhich it has been released, assuming the aircraftdoes not change its velocity after therelease <strong>of</strong> the bomb. (<strong>DOD</strong>) 2. Track (orshadow). (The words "l<strong>and</strong>ward" or "seaward"may be used to indicate from which side <strong>of</strong>enemy unit to shadow.)trailer aircraft(*)-Aircraft which are following<strong>and</strong> keeping under surveillance a designatedairborne contact.train-1. A service force or group <strong>of</strong> serviceelements which provides logistic suppon, e.g.,an organization <strong>of</strong> naval auxiliary ships ormerchant ships or merchant ships attached to afleet for this purpose; similarly, the vehicles<strong>and</strong> operating personnel which furnish supply,evacuation, <strong>and</strong> maintenance services to a l<strong>and</strong>unit. 2. Bombs dropped in shon intervals orsequence.trained strength in UDits-Those reservists assignedto units who have completed initialactive duty for training <strong>of</strong> 12 weeks or itsequivalent <strong>and</strong> are eligible for deploymentoverseas on l<strong>and</strong> when mobilized under properauthority. Excludes personnel in non-deployableaccounts or a training pipeline.train headway-The interval <strong>of</strong> time between twotrains boarded by the same unit at the samepoint.training aids-Any ·item which is developed <strong>and</strong>/or procured with the primary intent that itshall assist in training <strong>and</strong> the process <strong>of</strong> learning.training <strong>and</strong> retirement category-The categoryidentifying (by specific training <strong>and</strong> retirementcategory designator) a reservist" s training orretirement status in a reserve component cal~gory<strong>and</strong> reserve component.training-pay category-A designation identifyingthe number <strong>of</strong> days <strong>of</strong> training <strong>and</strong> pay r~quiredfor members <strong>of</strong> the Reserve Components.training period-An authorized <strong>and</strong> scheduledregular inactive duty training period. A trainingperiod must be at least two hours forretirement point credit <strong>and</strong> four hours for pay.Previously used interchangeably with othercommon terms such as drills, drill period.assemblies, periods <strong>of</strong> instruction, etc.training pipelioe-A reserve component categorydesignation that identifies untrained <strong>of</strong>ficer ahdenlisted personnel who have not complefedinitial active duty for training <strong>of</strong> 12 weeks torits equivalent. See also nondeployable account.training unit-A unit established to provide military.training to individual reservists or toreserve component units.train path(*)-ln railway terminology, the timing<strong>of</strong> a possible movement <strong>of</strong> a train along a givenroute. All the train paths on a given routeconstitute a timetable.tr~Qectory-See ballistic tr~Qectory.traDsattack period-!. In nuclear warfare, theperiod from the initiation <strong>of</strong> the attack to itstermination. 2. As applied to the SingleIntegrated Operational Plan, the period whichextends from execution (or enemy attack,whichever is sooner) to termination <strong>of</strong> theSingle Integrated Operational Plan. See alsopostattack period.transfer area-In an amphibious operation, thewater area in which the transfer <strong>of</strong> troops <strong>and</strong>393
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>supplies from l<strong>and</strong>ing craft to amphibiousvehicles is effected ..tnmsfer loader(*)-A wheeled or tracked vehiclewith a platform capable <strong>of</strong> vertical <strong>and</strong> horizontaladjustment used in the loading <strong>and</strong> unloading<strong>of</strong> aircraft, ships, or other vehicles.tnmsieat-1. Personnel, ships, or craft stoppingtemporarily at a post, swion or port tO whichthey are not assigned or attached, aDd havingdestination elsewhere. ·2. An independentmerchant ship calling at a port <strong>and</strong> sailingwithin 12 hours, <strong>and</strong> for which routing instructionsto a further port have been promulgated.(<strong>DOD</strong>, NATO) 3. An individual awaitingorders, ttansport, etc., at a post or sWion towhich he is not attached or assigned.tnmsient forces-Forces which pass or stagethrough, or base temporarily within, the area <strong>of</strong>responsibility <strong>of</strong> another comm<strong>and</strong> but are notunder its operational control.tnmsit bearing(*)-A bearing determined. bynoting the time at which two features on theEanb 's surface have the same relative bearing.tnmsition altitude-The altitude at or below whichthe vertical position <strong>of</strong> an aircraft is conttolledby reference to true altitude.transition layer(*)-The airspace between thetransition altitude <strong>and</strong> the transition level.transition level(*)-The lowest flight level availablefor use above the ttansition altitude. Seealso altitude; tnmsition altitude.tnmsit route(*)-A sea route which crosses openwaters normally joining two coastal routes.transmission factor (nuclear)-The ratio <strong>of</strong> thedose inside the shielding material to the outside(ambient) dose. Transmission factor is used tocalculate the dose received through the shieldingmaterial. See also balf thickness; shieldiDa·traJWIIIission security-See commUDicatioussecurity.traDsoDic(*)-Of or pertaining to the speed <strong>of</strong> abody in a surrounding fluid when the relativespeed <strong>of</strong> the fluid is subsonic in some places<strong>and</strong> supersonic in others. This is encounteredwhen passing from subsonic to supersonicspeeds <strong>and</strong> vice versa. See also speed <strong>of</strong>sound.traDsparency(*)-An image fixed on a clear baseby means <strong>of</strong> a photographic, printing, chemicilor other process, especially adaptable f;rviewing by transmiued light. See also diaposfth'e.traasponder(*)-A receiver-transmitter which will1 ~generate a reply signa, upon proper interroga- 'tion. See also respoasor.traasponder illdia-Intemational Civil AviationOrg~onlsecondary surveillance radar.traa.ponder sierra-Identification Friend or Foemark X (selective identification feature).transponder taqo-ldentification Friend or Foemark X (basic).traasportabiUty-The capability <strong>of</strong> material to bemoved by towing, self-propulsion, or carriervia any means, such as railways, highways,waterways, pipelines, oceans, <strong>and</strong> airways.traDsport aircraft(*)-Aircraft designed primarilyfor the carriage <strong>of</strong> personnel <strong>and</strong>/or cargo.Transport aircraft may be classed according torauge, as follows: a. Short-range-Not ioexceed 1200 nautical miles at normal cruisingconditions (2222 Km). b. Medium-range-394
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>Between 1200 <strong>and</strong> 3500 nautical miles atnonnal cruising conditions (2222 <strong>and</strong> 6482Km). c. Long-nmge-Exceeds 3500 nauticalmiles at nonnal cruising conditions (6482 Km).See also strategic tnmsport aircraft; tactic:altraosport aircraft.tnmsport area-In amphibious operations, an areaassigned to a transpon organization for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> debarking troops <strong>and</strong> equipment.See also bmer tnmsport area; outer trailSportarea.tnmsportation closure-The actual arrival date <strong>of</strong>· a specified movement requirement at pon <strong>of</strong>debarkation.tnmsportation component comm<strong>and</strong>-The threecomponent comm<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong>USTRANSCOM: AirForce Air Mobility Comm<strong>and</strong>, Navy MilitarYSealift Comm<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> Army <strong>Military</strong> TrafficManagement Comm<strong>and</strong>. Each transportationcomponent comm<strong>and</strong> remains a major· comm<strong>and</strong><strong>of</strong> its parent Service <strong>and</strong> continues toorganize, train, <strong>and</strong> equip its forces as specifiedby law. Each transportation component comm<strong>and</strong>also continues to perform Service-uniquemissions. Also called TCC.tnmsportation emergency-A situation created bya shortage <strong>of</strong> nonnal transportation capability<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong> a magnitude sufficient to frustrate militarymovement requirements, <strong>and</strong> which requiresextraordinary action by the President orother designated authority to ensure continuedmovement <strong>of</strong> essential Department <strong>of</strong> DefenseTraffic.tnmsportation operating agencies-Those Federalagencies having responsibilities under nationalemergency conditions for the operational direction<strong>of</strong> one or more forms <strong>of</strong> transportation.Also called Federal Modal Agencies; FederalTnmsport Agencies.tnmsportation priorities-Indicators assigned toeligible traffic which establish its movementprecedence." Appropriate priority systemsapply to the movement <strong>of</strong> traffic by sea <strong>and</strong>air. In times <strong>of</strong> emergency, priorities may beapplicable to continental United States movementsby l<strong>and</strong>, water, or air.tnmsportation system-All the l<strong>and</strong>, water, <strong>and</strong>air routes <strong>and</strong> transportation assets engaged inthe movement <strong>of</strong> US forces <strong>and</strong> their suppliesduring peacetime training, conflict, or war,involving both mature <strong>and</strong> contingency theaters<strong>and</strong> at the strategic, operational, <strong>and</strong> tacticallevels <strong>of</strong> war.traasport control center (air ~port)-Theoperations center through which the air transpanforce comm<strong>and</strong>er exercises control oterthe air transpon system. ;traasport ~An element tbat directly depl1ys<strong>and</strong> supports the l<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong> the l<strong>and</strong>ing force(LF) is functionally designated as a tnmsportgroup in the amphibious task force orgaaization.A transpon group provides for theembarkation, movement to the objective, l<strong>and</strong>ing,<strong>and</strong> logistic suppon <strong>of</strong> the LF. Transpongroups comprise all sealift <strong>and</strong> airlift in whichthe LF is embarked. They are categorized asfollows: a. airlifted groups. b. Navy amphibiousship transon groups. c. strategic sealiftshipping groups.traasport stream(*)-Transpon aircraft flying insingle file, either in formation or singly, atdefined intervals. See also column formation;trail fonnation.traasport vehicle-A motor vehicle designed <strong>and</strong>used without modification to the chassis, toprovide general transpon service in the movement<strong>of</strong> personnel <strong>and</strong> cargo. See also vehicle.tnmssbipment point(*)-A location where materialis transferred between vehicles.395
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1..<strong>02</strong>traverse(*)-1. To tum a weapon to the right orleft on its mount. 2. A method <strong>of</strong> surveyingin which lengths <strong>and</strong> directions <strong>of</strong> lines betweenpoints on the eanh are obtained by orfrom field measurements, <strong>and</strong> used in detenniningpositions <strong>of</strong> the points.traverse level(*)-That venical displacement abovelow-level air defense systems, expressed bothas a height <strong>and</strong> altitude, at which aircraft cancross the area.treason-Viol!ltion <strong>of</strong> the allegiance owed to one'ssovereign or swe; betrayal <strong>of</strong> one's country.trench burial-A method <strong>of</strong> burial resoned towhen casualties are heavy whereby a trench is .prepared <strong>and</strong> the individual remains are laid init side by side, thus obviating the necessity <strong>of</strong>digging <strong>and</strong> filling in individual graves. Seealso burial.trend-The straying <strong>of</strong> the fall <strong>of</strong> shot, such asmight be caused by incorrect speed settings <strong>of</strong>the fue suppon ship.triage(*)-The evaluation <strong>and</strong> classification <strong>of</strong>casualties for purposes <strong>of</strong> treatment <strong>and</strong> evacuation.It consists <strong>of</strong> the immediate sorting <strong>of</strong>patients according to type <strong>and</strong> seriousness <strong>of</strong>injury, <strong>and</strong> likelihood <strong>of</strong> survival, <strong>and</strong> theestablishment <strong>of</strong> priority for treatment <strong>and</strong>evacuation to assure medical care <strong>of</strong> the greatestbenefit to the largest number.triangulation station(*)-A point on the Earth, theposition <strong>of</strong> which is detennined by triangulation.Also called trig point.tri
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong><strong>of</strong> the Mach stem, increases with .increasingdistance from a given explosion.troop basis-An approved list <strong>of</strong> those militaryunits <strong>and</strong> individuals (including civilians)required for the performance <strong>of</strong> a particularmission by numbers, organization <strong>and</strong> equipment,<strong>and</strong>, in the case <strong>of</strong> larger comm<strong>and</strong>s, bydeployment.troops-A collective term for uniformed militarypersonnel (usually not applicable to navalpersonnel afloat). See also airbome troops;combat service support elements; combatsupport troops; combat troops; servicetroops; tactical troops.troop safety (nuclear)-An element which definesa distance from the proposed burst locationbeyond which personnel meeting the criteriadescribed under degree <strong>of</strong> risk will be safe tothe degree prescribed.troop space cargo-Cargo such as sea or barracksbags, bedding rolls or hammocks, lockertrunks, <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice equipment, which is normallystowed in an accessible place. This cargowill also include normal h<strong>and</strong>:.carried combat ·equipment <strong>and</strong> weapons to be carried ashore bythe assault troops. See also cargo.troop test-A test conducted in the field for thepurpose <strong>of</strong> evaluating operational or organizationalconcepts, doctrine, tactics, <strong>and</strong> techniques,or to gain funher information on material.See also service test.tropical storm-A tropical cyclone in which thesurface wind speed is at least 34, but not morethan 63 knots.tropopau.e(•)-The transition zone between thestratosphere <strong>and</strong> the troposphere. · The tropopausenormally occurs at an altitude <strong>of</strong> about25,000 to 45,000 feet (8 to 15 kilometers) inpolar <strong>and</strong> temperate zones, <strong>and</strong> at 55,000 feet(20 kilometers) in the tropics. See also atmosphere.troposphere(•)-The lower layers <strong>of</strong> aanosphere,in which the change <strong>of</strong> temperature with heightis relatively large. It is the region whereclouds form, convection is active, <strong>and</strong> mixingis continuous <strong>and</strong> more or less complete. Seealso· atiDosphere.tropospheric scatter(•)-The propagation <strong>of</strong>electromagnetic waves by scattering as a result<strong>of</strong> irregularities or discontinuities in the physicalpropenies <strong>of</strong> the troposphere.true airspeed iDclicator(•)-An instrument whichdisplays the speed <strong>of</strong> the aircraft relative to theambient air. .ftrue altitude-The height <strong>of</strong> an aircraft as mea- lSU:I'ed from mean sea level.true bearing(*)-The direction to an object froma point, expressed as a horizontal angle measuredclockwise from true nonh.true convqence-1be angle at which one meridianis inclined to another on the surface <strong>of</strong> theEanh. See also convergence.true horizon(•)-1. The boundary <strong>of</strong> a horizontalplane passing through a point <strong>of</strong> vision. 2. Inphotogrammetry, the boundary <strong>of</strong> a horizontalplane passing through the perspective center <strong>of</strong>a lens system.true north(•)-1be direction from an observer'sposition to the geographic Nonh Pole. Thenonh direction <strong>of</strong> any geographic meridian.turbojet-A jet engine whose air is supplied by aturbine-driven compressor, the turbine beingactivated by exhaust gases.t397
Jobd <strong>Pub</strong> 1-Gltum <strong>and</strong> sUp indicator(•)-An instnunent whichcombines the functions <strong>of</strong> a tum indicator <strong>and</strong>a slip indicator.tumaround(•)-The length <strong>of</strong> time between arrivingat a point <strong>and</strong> being ready to depart fromthat point. It is used in this sense for theloading, unloading, re-fueling <strong>and</strong> re-arming,. where appropriate, <strong>of</strong> vehicles, aircraft <strong>and</strong>ships. See also turaarOund cyde. ·tumaround cyde(*)-A tenn used in conjunctionwith vehicles, ships <strong>and</strong> aircraft, <strong>and</strong> comprisingthe following: loading time at departurepoint; time to <strong>and</strong> from destination; unloading<strong>and</strong> loading time at destination; unloading timeat returning point; planned maintenance time,<strong>and</strong> where applicable, time awaiting facilities.See also turnaround.tum indicator(•)-An instrument which displaysthe aircraft's rate <strong>and</strong> direction <strong>of</strong> tum. ·tumiDg movement(*)-A variation <strong>of</strong> the envelopmentin which the attacking force passesaround or over the enemy's principal defensivepositions to secure objectives deep in th~ enemy'srear to fotce the enemy to ab<strong>and</strong>on hisposition or divert major forces to meet thethreat.tumiDg point(*)-ln l<strong>and</strong> mine warfare, a point <strong>of</strong>the centerline <strong>of</strong>· a mine strip or row wherestrips or rows change direction.two-person rule-A system designed to prohibitaccess by an individual to nuclear weapons <strong>and</strong>cenain designated components by requiring thepresence at all times <strong>of</strong> at least two authorizedpersons, each capable <strong>of</strong> detecting incorrect orunauthorized procedures with respect to thetas~ to be perfonned.type comm<strong>and</strong>-An administrative subdivision <strong>of</strong>a fleet or force into ships or units <strong>of</strong> the sametype, as differentiated from a tactical subdivision.Any type comm<strong>and</strong> may have a flagship,tender, <strong>and</strong> aircraft assigned to it.types <strong>of</strong> burst-see alrbunt; faDout safe height<strong>of</strong> bunt; height <strong>of</strong> burst; bigh alrburst; highaltitude bunt; low airbunt; nuclear airbunt;DUClear exoatmospheric burst; nuclearsurface burst; nuclear underground burSt;DUdear uadenrater bunt; optimum h.<strong>of</strong> bunt; safe bunt height.type unit-A type <strong>of</strong> organizational or functional :0entity established within the Armed Forces <strong>and</strong>uniquely identified by a five-character, alphanumericcode called a unit type code.type unit data me-A file that provides st<strong>and</strong>ardplanning data <strong>and</strong> movement characteristics forpersonnel, cargo, <strong>and</strong> accompanying suppliesassociated with type units.tum-in point(•)-The point at which an aircraftstarts to tum from the approach direction to theline <strong>of</strong> attack. See also coatact point; pull-uppoint.tum-<strong>of</strong>f guidance(*)-lnformation which enablesthe pilot <strong>of</strong> a l<strong>and</strong>ing aircraft to select <strong>and</strong>follow the correct taxiway from the time theaircraft leaves the runway until it may safely bebrought to a bait clear <strong>of</strong> the active runway.398,~,I
'•J, ,I... ·, •• 4 • ~UAV-8ee nnmanned aerial vebide.UGM-27-see Polaris.UGM-73A-8ee Poseidon.UGM-84A-8ee Harpoon.UGM-MA-see Trideat I.··•( . :uJoillt <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>subject to control for other reasons. See alsoclassified matter.uncontrolled mosaic(*)-A mosaic composed <strong>of</strong>uncorrected photographs, the details <strong>of</strong> whichbave been matched from print to print, withoutground control or other orientation. Accuratemeasurement <strong>and</strong> direction cannot be accomplished.See also controDed mosaic..eUB-1-see Iroquois.· ULN-see UDit line number.ultraviolet imagery-That imagery produced as aresult <strong>of</strong> sensing ulttaviolet radiations reflectedfrom a given target surface.UNAAF-see Unified Action Armed Foras.•m•c:coUDted for-An inclusive term (not a casualtystatus) applicable to personnel whose personor remains are not recovered or otherwiseaccounted for following hostile action. Commonlyused when referring to persoDDel whoare killed in action <strong>and</strong> whose bodies are notrecovered. See also casualty; casualty category;casualty status; casualty type.uncertain eunronmeat-see operational m'firoDmmt.uncharged clemoUtion tarpt
Joiat <strong>Pub</strong> l-G2during pre-assault operations; including militaryinformation; visual observation <strong>of</strong> the hinterlaDdto gain information useful to the laudingforce; <strong>and</strong> for perfonning miscellaneous underwater<strong>and</strong> surface tasks within their capabilities.underway replenishment-see replenishment atsea.UDderway replenishment foree(*)-A task force<strong>of</strong> fleet auxiliaries (consisting <strong>of</strong> oilers, ammunitionships, stores issue ships, etc.) adequatelyprotected by escorts furnished by the responsibleoperational comm<strong>and</strong>er. The function <strong>of</strong>this force is to provide underway logisticsupport for uaval forces. See also fon:e(s).uaderway replenishment lfOUp-A task groupconfigured to provide logistic replenisluuent <strong>of</strong>ships underway by transfer-at-sea methods.IIIISploded uplosive ordaaDee(*)-Explosiveordnance which bas been primed, fused, armedor otherwise prepared for action, aDd whichhas been fired, dropped, launched, projected or_placed in such a manner as to constitute ahazard to operations, installations, personnei ormaterial <strong>and</strong> remaim unexploded either bymalfunction or design or for any other cause.UDified Action Armed Fon:es-A publication. setting forth the principles, doctrines, 8Dd· functions governing the activities <strong>and</strong> performance<strong>of</strong> the Armed Forces <strong>of</strong> the UnitedSwes when two or more Services or elementsthere<strong>of</strong> are acting together. Also calledUNAAF.mdfied commaDd-A comm<strong>and</strong> with broad continuingmissions under a single comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong>composed <strong>of</strong> forces from two or more <strong>Military</strong>Departments, <strong>and</strong> which is established by thePresident, through the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defensewith the advice <strong>and</strong> assistance <strong>of</strong> the Cbainnan400<strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff. Also called lllli·fied combatant commaDd.unified operatioD-A broad generic term thatdescribes the wide scope <strong>of</strong> actions taking placewithin unified comm<strong>and</strong>s under the overalldirection <strong>of</strong> the comm<strong>and</strong>ers <strong>of</strong> those comm<strong>and</strong>s.UDiformed services-The Army, Navy, Air Force,Marine Corps, Coast Guard, National Oceanic<strong>and</strong> Atmospheric Administration, <strong>and</strong> <strong>Pub</strong>licHealth Service. See also Mmtary Depart·meat; MDitary Service.·qnilateral arms control measure-An anns controlcourse <strong>of</strong> action taken by a nation withoutany compensating concession being required qfother nations.tUJiintentioualnutiationa:ploitation-Exploitaticlfor operational purposes <strong>of</strong> noninformation-bearingelements <strong>of</strong> electromagnetic energyunintentionally emanated by targets <strong>of</strong> interest.•mintentloaal nutiatioD iDtelligence-lntelligencederived from the collection <strong>and</strong> analysis <strong>of</strong>noninformation-bearingelements extracted fromthe electromagnetic energy unintentionallyemanated by foreign devices, equipment, <strong>and</strong>systems, excluding those generated by thedetonation <strong>of</strong> nuclear weapons. Also calledRINT. See also Intelligence.IIDi-Service commaDd-A comm<strong>and</strong> comprised <strong>of</strong>forces <strong>of</strong> a single Service.IIDitc-)-1. Any military element whose structureis prescribed by competent authority, such as atable <strong>of</strong> organization <strong>and</strong> equipment; specifically,part <strong>of</strong> an organization. 2. An organizationtide <strong>of</strong> a subdivision <strong>of</strong> a group in a taskforce. 3. A st<strong>and</strong>ard or basic quantity intowhich an item <strong>of</strong> supply is divided, issued, orused. In this meaning, also called UDit <strong>of</strong>issue. 4. With regard to reserve components!\,
. ,-JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong><strong>of</strong> the Armed Forces, denotes a Selected Reserveunit organized, equipped <strong>and</strong> trained formobilization to serve on active duty as a unit orto augment or be augmented by another unit.Headquaners <strong>and</strong> suppon functions withoutwartime missions are not considered units.mdt aircraft-Those aircraft provided an aircraftunit for the performance <strong>of</strong> a flying mission.See also aircraft.1IDit combat readiness-See combat readiness.mdt c:ommitment statusc-')-1be degree <strong>of</strong> commianent<strong>of</strong> any unit designated <strong>and</strong> categorizedas a force allocated to NATO.UDit desipation Ust-A list <strong>of</strong> actual units by unit ·identification code designated to fulfill requirements<strong>of</strong> a force list.UDited States Armed Forees-Used to denotecollectively only the regular components <strong>of</strong> theArmy, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, aDdCoast Guard. See also Armed Foras <strong>of</strong> theUnited States.United States cmi Authorities-Those elected<strong>and</strong> appointed public <strong>of</strong>ficials <strong>and</strong> employeeswho constitute the governments <strong>of</strong> the SOStates, District <strong>of</strong> Columbia, Commonwealth <strong>of</strong>Pueno Rico, United States possessions <strong>and</strong>territories, <strong>and</strong> political subdivisions there<strong>of</strong>.United States CiviliaD IDtemee InformationCenter-The national center <strong>of</strong> information in. the United States for enemy <strong>and</strong> United Statescivilian internees.United States controlled shippiag-That shippingunder United States flag plus those selected. ships under foreign flag which are consideredto be under "effective United States control,"i.e., which can reasonably be expected to bemade available to the United States in time <strong>of</strong>national emergency~United States country team-The senior, in-country,US coordinating <strong>and</strong> supervising body,headed by the chief <strong>of</strong> the US diplomaticmission, usually an ambassador, <strong>and</strong> composed<strong>of</strong> the senior member <strong>of</strong> each represented USdepartment or agency, as desired by the chief<strong>of</strong> the US diplomatic mission.United States <strong>Military</strong> Service Funded ForeignTraining-Training which is provided to foreignnationals in United States <strong>Military</strong> Serviceschools <strong>and</strong> installations under authority otherthan the Foreign Assistance Act <strong>of</strong> 1961.United States Naval Ship-A public vessel <strong>of</strong> theUnited States in the custody <strong>of</strong> the Navy <strong>and</strong>is: a. Operated by the <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong><strong>and</strong> manned by a civil service crew. 1b.Operated by a commercial company under· contract to the <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong> ~manned by a mercbant marine crew. Alsocalled USNS. See also <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>.United States Prisoner <strong>of</strong> War IDformationCenter-The national center <strong>of</strong> information inthe United States for enemy <strong>and</strong> United Statesprisoners <strong>of</strong> war.United States Strategic Army Forces-That pan<strong>of</strong> the Army, normally located in the ContinentalUnited States, which is trained, equipped,<strong>and</strong> maintained for employment at nationallevel in accordance with current plans.unit identification code-A six-c:baracter, alphanumericcode that uniquely identifies each Active,·Reserve, <strong>and</strong> National Guard unit <strong>of</strong> the ArmedForces. Also called UIC.UDitized load-A single item, or a number <strong>of</strong>items packaged, packed or arranged in a specifiedmanner <strong>and</strong> capable <strong>of</strong> being h<strong>and</strong>led as aunit. Unitization may be accomplished byplacing the item or items in a container or by401
Jobat <strong>Pub</strong> 1-G2b<strong>and</strong>ing them securely together.palledzed mdt load.·See alsoUDit One Jllllllher-A seven-cbaracter, alphanumericfield tbat uniquely describes a unit entty(line) in a <strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execu~on System time-pbased force aDd deploymentdata. Also called ULN.ualt loactin1(*)-Tbe loading <strong>of</strong> ttoop units withtheir equipment <strong>and</strong> supplies in the same vessels,aircraft, or laDd vehicles. See also loadlq.UDit <strong>of</strong> issue-In its special storage meaning,refers to the quantity <strong>of</strong> an item; as each number,dozen, gallon, pair, poUDd, ream, set,yard. Usually termed unit <strong>of</strong> issue to distinguishfrom •umt price.· See also mdt.mdt penomael<strong>and</strong> tonnap table-A table includedin the loading plan <strong>of</strong> a combat-loaded shipas a recapitulation <strong>of</strong> totals <strong>of</strong> personnel audcargo by type, listing cubic measurements audweight.ullit price-The cost or price <strong>of</strong> an item <strong>of</strong> supplybased on the unit <strong>of</strong> issue.mdt reserves-Prescribed quaudties <strong>of</strong> suppliescarried by a unit as a reserve to cover emergencies.See also nsen'e suppli-.mdt traiDiDg assembly-An authorized <strong>and</strong> scheduledperiod <strong>of</strong> unit inactive duty training <strong>of</strong> aprescribed length <strong>of</strong> time.mdt type code-A five-cbaracler, alpbannmericcode that uniquely identifies each type unit <strong>of</strong>the Armed Forces. Also called UTC.uaivenal polar stereograpbic pid-A militarygrid prescribed for joint use in operations inlimited areas aDd used ·for operations requiringprecise position reponing. It covers areasbetween the 80 degree parallels <strong>and</strong> the poles.UDivenal Time-A measure <strong>of</strong> time that conforms,within a close approximation, to themean diurnal rowion <strong>of</strong> the Eanh aud servesas the basis <strong>of</strong> civil timekeeping. UniversalTime (UTI) is determined from observations <strong>of</strong>the stars, radio sources, <strong>and</strong> also from rangingobservations <strong>of</strong> the Moon <strong>and</strong> anificial Eanhsatellites. Tbe scale determined directly fromsuch observations is designated Universal TimeObserved (UTO); it is slightly dependent on theplace <strong>of</strong> observation. When UTO is correctedfor the shift in longitude <strong>of</strong> the observingswion caused by polar motion, the time scaleUTI is obtaiDecl. When an acaaracy betterthan one second is not required, UniversalTime can be used to mean Coordinated UniversalTime (UTC). Also called ZULU time.Formerly called Greenwich Mean Time. f~lllliversal traan'ene mercator pid(*)-A 8ruscoordinate system based on the transvchemercator projection, applied to maps <strong>of</strong> theEarth's surface extending to 84 degrees N <strong>and</strong>80 degrees S latitudes. Also called UTM (\,Grid.UDimoWD-1. A code meaning information notavailable. 2. An unidentified target.Ulllimlted war-Not to be used. See geaeral war.gnmannecJ aerial vebide-A powered, aerialvehicle tbat does not carry a human operator,uses aerodynamic forces to provide vehicle lift,can tly autonomously or be piloted remotely,can be expendable or recoverable, <strong>and</strong> cancarry a lethal or nonlethal payload. Ballistic orsemiballistic vehicles, cruise missiles, <strong>and</strong>artillery projectiles are not considered unmannedaerial vehicles. Also called UAV.UDObserved fire(*)-Fire for which the points <strong>of</strong>impact or burst are not observed. See als<strong>of</strong>ire.r:;4<strong>02</strong>
•. • """i><strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>unpremeditated expausion <strong>of</strong> a war-Not to beused. See escalation.unpremeditated war-Not to be used. See accidentalattack.UDSCbeduled convoy pbase(*)-The period in theearly days <strong>of</strong> war when convoys are institutedon an ad hoc basis before the introduction <strong>of</strong>convoy schedules in the regular convoy phase.unwanted cargo(*)-A cargo loaded in peacetimewhich is not required by the consignee countryin wanime. See also cargo.unwamed exposed(*)-The wlnerability <strong>of</strong> friendlyforces to nuclear weapon effects. In thiscondition, personnel are assumed to be st<strong>and</strong>ing ·· in the open at burst time, but have dropped toa prone position by the time the blast wavearrives. They are expected to have areas <strong>of</strong>bare skin exposed to direct thermal radiation,<strong>and</strong> some personnel may suffer dazzle. Seealso warned exposed; warned protected.up(*)-ln anillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire suppon: 1. Aterm used in a call for fire to indicate that thetarget is higher in altitude than the point whichbas been used as a reference point for thetarget location. 2. A correction used by anobserver or a spotter in time fire to indicatethat an increase in height <strong>of</strong> burst is desired.or enemy troops or mechanized units movingup in such force as to threaten a break-through.See also immediate mission request; priority<strong>of</strong> immediate mission request.USN8-See United States Naval Ship.US Rol<strong>and</strong>-A shon range, low-altitude, all-weather,Army air defense anillery surface-to-airmissile system which is based upon the FrancoGerman Rol<strong>and</strong> m missile system.US Tnnsportation CoiDID8Dd coonlinatingiDstructious-Instructions <strong>of</strong> the US TransportationComm<strong>and</strong> that establish suspense datesfor selected members <strong>of</strong> the joint planning <strong>and</strong>execution community to complete updates tothe operation plan data base. Instru~ons wplensure the target date movement requiremeiUs. will be validated <strong>and</strong> available for schedulinj.UTC-see Universa111me.utility belicopter(*)-Multi-purpose helicoptercapable <strong>of</strong> lifting ttoops but may be used in acomm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control, logistics, casualty evacuationor armed helicopter role.UI'M-grid-See also UDiversal tnmsverse mercatorgrid.· UVM-44A-5ee submarine rocket."!Ul'lent mjnjng(*)-ln naval mine warfare, thelaying <strong>of</strong> mines with correct spacing but not inthe ordered or planned positions. The minesmay be laid either inside or outside the allowedarea in such positions that they will hamper themovements <strong>of</strong> the enemy more than those <strong>of</strong>our own forces.uw-see unconventional warfare.urgent priority-A category <strong>of</strong> immediate missionrequest which is lower than emergency priority.but takes precedence over ordinary priority,e.g., enemy anillery or monar fire which isfalling on friendly troops <strong>and</strong> causing casualties403
',t'.,_·t;·,,..!':.,,:.).,..4~ . ...... .;··>'• t ·~ ',. __ :\.-·..r .::.:' '~••i t. ·~... ;,.. ~~-'.. ·;_._;.404
--validate-Execution procedure used by combatantcomm<strong>and</strong> components, supponing combatantcorrun<strong>and</strong>ers, <strong>and</strong> providing organizations toconfinn to the supponed comm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> USTransponation Comm<strong>and</strong> that all the informationrecords in a time-phased force <strong>and</strong> deploymentdata not only are error-free for automationpurposes, but also accurately reflect thecurrent status, ·attributes, <strong>and</strong> availability <strong>of</strong>units <strong>and</strong> requirements. Unit readiness, movementdates, passengers, <strong>and</strong> cargo detailsshould be confumed with the unit beforevalidation occurs.validation-I. A process normally associated with .the collection <strong>of</strong> intelligence that provides<strong>of</strong>ficial status to an identified requirement <strong>and</strong>confirms that the requirement is appropriate fora given collector <strong>and</strong> bas not been previouslysatisfied. 2. In computer modeling <strong>and</strong> simulation,the process <strong>of</strong> determining the degree towhich a model or simulation is an accuraterepresentation <strong>of</strong> the real world from the perspective<strong>of</strong> the intended uses <strong>of</strong> the model orsimulation. See also accreditation; configura·tion management; independent review; verification.valuable cargo(•)-cargo which may be <strong>of</strong> valueduring a later stage <strong>of</strong> the war. See also car·go.value engineeriDg-An organized effon directed atanalyzing the function <strong>of</strong> Depanment <strong>of</strong> Defensesystems, equipment, facilities, procedures<strong>and</strong> supplies for the purpose <strong>of</strong> achieving therequired function at the lowest total cost <strong>of</strong>effective ownership, consistent with requirementsfor performance, reliability, quality, <strong>and</strong>maintainability.variability(•)-The manner in which the probability<strong>of</strong> damage to a specific target decreases withv<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>the distance from ground zero; or, in damageassessment, a mathematical factor introduced toaverage the effects <strong>of</strong> orientation, minor shielding<strong>and</strong> uncenainty <strong>of</strong> wget response to theeffects considered.variable safety level-See safety level <strong>of</strong> supply.variant-I. One <strong>of</strong> two or more cipher or codesymbols which have the same plain text equivalent.2. One <strong>of</strong> several plain text meaningsthat are represented by a single code group.Also called alternative.vector-In air intercept, close air suppon <strong>and</strong> airinterdiction usage, a code meaning, "Al~rheading to magnetic heading indicated." H~ingordered must be in three digits; e.&.,"vector" zero six zero (for homing, liSe"steer").vectored attack(•)-Attack in which a weaponcarrier (air, surface, or subsurface) not holdingcontaCt on the target, is vectored to the weapon. delivery point by a unit (air, surface or subsurface)which holds contact on the target.vebide
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>vehicle distance(•)-The clearance between vehiclesin a column which is measured from therear <strong>of</strong> one vehicle to the front <strong>of</strong> the followingvehicle.vebide summary <strong>and</strong> priority table-A tablelisting all vehicles by priority <strong>of</strong> debarkationfrom a combat-loaded ship. It includes thenomenclature, dimensions, square feet, cubicfeet, weight, <strong>and</strong> stowage location <strong>of</strong> eachvehicle, the cargo loaded in each vehicle, <strong>and</strong>the name <strong>of</strong> the unit to which the vehiclebelongs.verification-!. In arms control, any action,including inspection, detection, <strong>and</strong> identification,taken to ascenain compliance with agreedmeasures. 2. In computer modeling <strong>and</strong>simulation, the process <strong>of</strong> determining that amodel or simulation implementation accuratelyrepresents the developer's conceptual description<strong>and</strong> specifications. See also accreditation;coDfiguratioD management; independentreview; validation.verify(•)-1. To ensure that the meaning <strong>and</strong>phraseology <strong>of</strong> the transmiued message conveysthe exact intention <strong>of</strong> the originator. (<strong>DOD</strong>)2. A request from an observer, a spotter, or afire-control agency to reexamine firing data <strong>and</strong>repon the results <strong>of</strong> the ree.lamination.vertex(•)-In artillery <strong>and</strong> naval gunfire suppon,the highest point in the trajectory <strong>of</strong> a projectile.vertical air photograph(•)-An air photographtaken with the optical axis <strong>of</strong> the camera perpendicularto the surface <strong>of</strong> the Earth.vertical <strong>and</strong>/or short take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing-Vertical<strong>and</strong>/or shon take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing capabilityfor aircraft.vertical envelopment-A tactical maneuver inwhich troops, either air-dropped or air-l<strong>and</strong>ed,attack the rear <strong>and</strong> flanks <strong>of</strong> a force, in effectcutting <strong>of</strong>f or encircling the force.vertical interval-Difference in altitude betweentwo specified points or locations, e.g., thebatiery or firing ship <strong>and</strong> the wget; observerlocation <strong>and</strong> the wget; location <strong>of</strong> previouslyfued wget <strong>and</strong> new Wget; observer <strong>and</strong> aheight <strong>of</strong> burst; battery or firing ship <strong>and</strong> aheight <strong>of</strong> burst, etc.vertical loadiDg(•)-A type <strong>of</strong> loading wherebyitems <strong>of</strong> like character are venically tieredthroughout the holds <strong>of</strong> a ship, so that selecteditems are available at any stage <strong>of</strong> the unloading.See also loading.vertical probable error-The product <strong>of</strong> the ~eprobable error <strong>and</strong> the slope <strong>of</strong> fall. ,vertical replenishment(•)-The use <strong>of</strong> a helicopterfor the transfer <strong>of</strong> materiel to or from a ship.vertical ieparation(•)-Separation between aircraftexpressed in units <strong>of</strong> venical distance.vertical/short take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing aircraft(•)-Anaircraft capable <strong>of</strong> executing avenical take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing, a shon take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong>l<strong>and</strong>ing or any combination <strong>of</strong> these modes <strong>of</strong>operation. Also called V/STOL. See alsoshort take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>iDg; short take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong>verticallancliag aircnft; vertical take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong>Jacting.vertical situation clisplay(•)-An electronicallygenerated display on which infonnation onaircraft attitude <strong>and</strong> beading, flight directorcomm<strong>and</strong>s, weapon aiming <strong>and</strong> terrain followingcan be presented, choice <strong>of</strong> presenwionbeing under the control <strong>of</strong> the pilot.vertical strip-A single flightline <strong>of</strong> overlappingphotos. Photography <strong>of</strong> this type is normally406
' ~:>t': ; •• ~·....~ • • t '<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>taken <strong>of</strong> long, narrow wgets such as beachesor roads.vertical take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>iug(*)-The capability <strong>of</strong>an aircraft to take <strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong> vertically <strong>and</strong> totransfer to or from forward motion at heightsrequired to clear surrounding obstacles.very bigh-A height above fifty thous<strong>and</strong> feet.very low-A height below five hundred feet.very seriously m or iJUured-The casualty status<strong>of</strong> a person whose illness or injury is classifiedby medical authority to be <strong>of</strong> such severity thatlife is imminently endangered. Also calledVSD. See also casualty status.vesiC&Dt ageat-8ee blister ageat.vmoc-see nsual iDformation docmnentation.vipettiag(*)-A method <strong>of</strong> producing a b<strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>color or tone on a map or chart, the density <strong>of</strong>which is reduced uniformly from edge to edge.VUdag-A twin turb<strong>of</strong>an engine, multicrew antisubmarineaUcraft capable <strong>of</strong> operating <strong>of</strong>faircraft carriers. It is designed to detect,locate, aud desttoy submarines using an integrated,computer-controlled attack system 8Dda variety <strong>of</strong> conventional <strong>and</strong>/or nuclear ordnance.Designated as 8-3.visibility-In air intercept usage, ·visibility (inmiles) is•visibility nmge-The horizontal distance (in kilometersor miles) at which a large dark objectcan just be seen against the horizon sky indaylight.nsual call sign(*)-A call sign provided primarilyfor visual signaling. See also call sign.visual identification(*)-ln a flight control system,a conuol mode in which the aircraft follows aradar wget <strong>and</strong> is automatically positioned toallow visual identification.visual information-Use <strong>of</strong> one or more <strong>of</strong> thevarious visual media with or without sound.Generally, visual information includes stillphotography, m~tion picture photography,video or audio recording, ·graphic ans, visualaids, models, display, visual presentationservices, <strong>and</strong> the support processes.visual iDformation documentation-Motionmedia, still photography, <strong>and</strong> audio recording<strong>of</strong> technical <strong>and</strong> nontechnical events while theyoccur, usually not controlled by the recordingcrew. Visual information documentationencompasses Combat Camera, operatidnaldocumenwion, aDd technical documentatihn.JAlso called VIDOC. See also Combat Ct¥Dera;operatioaal docmneatation; teclmicaldocumeatation.nsual iDterceptor(*)-An interceptor which has nospecial equipmeDl to enable it to intercept itstarget in dark or daylight conditions by othertban visual means.visual meteorological conditioDS-Weather corulitionsin which visual flight rules apply; expressedin terms <strong>of</strong> visibility, ceiling height,aDd aircraft clearance from clouds along thepadl <strong>of</strong> flight. When these criteria do notexist, instrument meteorological conditionsprevail <strong>and</strong> instrument flight rules must becomplied with.· Also called VMC. See alsoimtrumeat meteorological conditioas.nsual mine firiDg indicator(*)-A device usedwith exercise mines to indicate that the minewould have detonated bad it been poised.visual report-Not to be used. See infligbt report.407
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>vital area(*)-A designated area or installation to derived from the words "very high frequencybe defended by air defense units. See also omnidirectional radio range."area.VSD-See very seriously m or iiQured.1'ital ground(*)-Grouild <strong>of</strong> such imponance thatit must be retained or controlled for the success V /STOL-See vertical/short take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing<strong>of</strong> the mission. See also key terrain. aircraft. ~-1\.VMC-See visual meteorological coaditi~DS.voice call sign(*)-A call sign provided primarilyfor voice communication. See also call sip.voluntary traintDg-Training in a non-pay statusfor Individual Ready Reservists <strong>and</strong> activestatus St<strong>and</strong>by Reservists. Participation involuntary training is for retirement points only<strong>and</strong> may be achieved by training with SelectedReserve or voluntary training units; by activeduty for training; by completion <strong>of</strong> authorizedmilitary correspondence courses; by attendanceat designated courses <strong>of</strong> instruction; by performingequivalent duty; by panicipation inspecial military <strong>and</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>essional events designatedby the <strong>Military</strong> Departments; or bypanicipation in authorized Civil Defense activities.Retirees may voluntarily train with organizationsto which they are properly preassignedby orders for recall to active duty in anational emergency or declaration <strong>of</strong> war.Such training shall be limited to that training ·made available within the resources authorizedby the Secretary concerned.voluntary traiDing UDit-A unit formed by volunteersto provide reserve component training ina non-pay status for Individual Ready Reservists<strong>and</strong> active status St<strong>and</strong>by Reservists at·tached under competent orders <strong>and</strong> participating. in such units for retirement points. Also calledreinforcement traiDing UDit.Vulcan-An Anny a1r defense anillery gun whichprovides low-altitude air defense <strong>and</strong> bas adirect fire capability against surface targets.The gun is a 6-barreled, air-cooled, 20-mmrotary-fired weapon.vuiDerabWty-1. The susceptibility <strong>of</strong> a nation ormilitary force to any action by any meansthrough which its war potential or combateffectiveness may be reduced or its will to fi~tdiminished. 2. The characteristics <strong>of</strong> a systeinwhich cause it to suffer a definite degradati.n(incapability to perform the designated mission)as a result <strong>of</strong> having been subjected to a certainlevel <strong>of</strong> effects in an unnatural (manmade) (\hostile enviromnent.vuiDerabWty program-A program to determinethe degree <strong>of</strong>, <strong>and</strong> to remedy ins<strong>of</strong>ar as possible,~ existing susceptibility <strong>of</strong> nuclearweapon systems to enemy countermeasures,accidental fire, <strong>and</strong> accidental shock.vulaerabWty study-An analysis <strong>of</strong> the capabilities<strong>and</strong> limitations <strong>of</strong> a force in a specificsituation to determine wlnerabilities capable <strong>of</strong>exploiwion by an opposing force.vulaerable ara-See vital area.wlllerable node-See target stress point.vulnerable point-see vital area.VOR(•)-An air navigational radio aid which usesphase comparison <strong>of</strong> a ground transmittedsignal to determine bearing. This term is408
wading crossing-See deep fording; deep fordillgcapability; sballow fordiDg; sballow fordillgcapability.wa1kiDg patient(*)-A patient not requirins a litterwhile in transit.w<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>biological agents or inert materials intended toinflict damage.warhead mating-The act <strong>of</strong> attaching a warheadsection to a rocket or missile body, torpedo,airframe, motor or guidance section.Walleye-A guided air-to-surface glide bomb forthe st<strong>and</strong>-<strong>of</strong>f destruction <strong>of</strong> large semi-haJ'dwgets. It incorporates a contrast-trackingtelevision system for guidance.wanted cargo(*)-ln naval control <strong>of</strong> shipping, acargo which is not immediately required by theconsignee country but will be needed later.See also cargo.war air service program-The program designedto provide for the maintenance <strong>of</strong> essential civilair routes <strong>and</strong> services, <strong>and</strong> to provide for thedistribution <strong>and</strong> re-distribution <strong>of</strong> air-carrieraircraft among civil air transportation carriersafter . withdrawal <strong>of</strong> aircraft allocated to theCivil Reserve Air Fleet.warble(*)-ln naval mine warfare, the process <strong>of</strong>varying the frequency <strong>of</strong> sound produced by anarrow b<strong>and</strong> noisemaker to ·ensure that thefrequency to which the mine will respond iscovered.warehouse clwt-See planograph.war game(*)-A simulation, by whatever means,<strong>of</strong> a military operation involving two or moreopposing forces, using rules, data, <strong>and</strong> proceduresdesigned to depict an actual or assumedreal life situation.warhead(*)-That pan <strong>of</strong> a missile, projectile,torpedo, rocket,· or other munition whichcontains either tbe nuclear or thermonuclearsystem, high explosive system, chemical orwarhead section(•)-A completely assembledwarhead including appropriate skin sections <strong>and</strong>related components.WARM-See wartime reserve modes.W ARMAPS-See wartime manpower planningsystem.war materiel procurement capability-The quAntity<strong>of</strong> an item which can be acquired by ordersplaced on or after the day an operation cohtmences(I)-day) from industry or from anyother available source during the period prescribedfor war materiel procurement planningpurposes.war materiel requirement-The quantity <strong>of</strong> anitem required to equip <strong>and</strong> support the approvedforces specified in the current Secretary<strong>of</strong> Defense guidance through the period prescribedfor war materiel planning purposes.warned exposed(*)-The vulnerability <strong>of</strong> friendlyforces to nuclear weapon effects. In this condition,personnel are assumed to be prone withall skin covered <strong>and</strong> with thermal protection atleast that provided by a two-layer summeruniform. See also unwamed exposed; warnedprotected.warned protected(*)-The vulnerability <strong>of</strong> friendlyforces to nuclear weapon effects. In this condition,personnel are assumed to have someprotection against heat, blast, <strong>and</strong> radiationsuch as that afforded in closed armored vehi-409
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>cles or crouched in fox boles with improvisedoverhead shielding. See also uawamed exposed;warned exposed.·wamillg-A communication <strong>and</strong> acknowledgment<strong>of</strong> dangers implicit in a wide ·spectrum <strong>of</strong>activities by potential opponents ranging fromroutine defense measures to substantial increasesin readiness <strong>and</strong> force preparedness <strong>and</strong> toacts <strong>of</strong> terrorism or· political, economic, ormilitary provocation. See also strategic wamillg;strategic w<strong>and</strong>Dg lead time; strategicW8l"lliDg post-decision time; strategic wamingpre-decision time; tactical w81'11iDc; W8l"lliDg<strong>of</strong> ~ck; warning <strong>of</strong> war.W8l'lling area-See dallger area.warniDg net-A cormnunication system establishedfor the purpose <strong>of</strong> disseminating warninginformation <strong>of</strong> enemy movement or action toall interested comm<strong>and</strong>s. ·waming <strong>of</strong> attack-A warning to national policymakers.that an adversary is not only preparingits armed forces for war, but intends to launchan attack in the near future. See also tacticalwaming; waming; waming <strong>of</strong> war.waming <strong>of</strong> war-A warning to national policymakers. that a swe or alliance intends war, oris on a course that substantially increases therisks <strong>of</strong> war <strong>and</strong> is taking steps to prepare forwar. See also strategic waming; waming;waming <strong>of</strong> attack.waming order(*)-A preliminary notice <strong>of</strong> anorder or action which is to follow.WARNING ORDER (Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> St8ft')-A crisis action planningdirective issued by the Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong>Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff that initiates the development<strong>and</strong> evaluation <strong>of</strong> courses <strong>of</strong> action by a suppanedcomm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>and</strong> requests that a com-m<strong>and</strong>er's estimate be submitted.waming order.See alsow<strong>and</strong>ng red-See air defease waming conditions.W8l"lliDg wblte-See air defease warDing conditions.W8l"lliDg yellow-see air defease w81'11iDc conditions.war reserve materiel requiremellt-That ponion<strong>of</strong> the war materiel requirement required to beon h<strong>and</strong> on D-elay. This level consists <strong>of</strong> thewar materiel requirement less the sum <strong>of</strong> thepeacetime assets assumed to be available onD-elay <strong>and</strong> the war materiel procurement caparbility. ~;war reserve materiel requirement, balance-Thaiportion <strong>of</strong> the war reserve materiel requirementwhich bas not been acquired or funded. Thislevel consists <strong>of</strong> the war reserve materielrequirement less the war reserve materielrequirement, protecuble.war nsenre materiel requirement, protectable-That portion <strong>of</strong> the war reserve materielrequirement that is either on b<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong>/orpreviously funded which shall be protected; ifissued for peacetime use, it shall be promptlyreconstituted. This level consists <strong>of</strong> the pre-positionedwar reserve materiel requirement,protectable, <strong>and</strong> the other war reserve materielrequirement, proteclable.war reserve (nudear)-Nuclear weapons materielstockpiled in the custody <strong>of</strong> the Department <strong>of</strong>Energy or transferred to the custody <strong>of</strong> theDepamnent <strong>of</strong> Defense <strong>and</strong> intended for employmentin the event <strong>of</strong> war.war reserves(*)-Stocks <strong>of</strong> materiel amassed inpeacetime to meet the increase in militaryrequirements consequent upon an outbreak <strong>of</strong>410
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>war. War reserves are intended to provide theinterim suppon essential to sustain operationsuntil resupply can be effected.war rese"e stock(s)-That ponion <strong>of</strong> total materielassets which is designated to satisfy thewar reserve materiel requirement.war reserve stocks for aWes-A Deparunent <strong>of</strong>Defense program to have the Services procureor retain in their inventories those IJlinimumstockpiles <strong>of</strong> materiel such as munitions, equipment,<strong>and</strong> combat essential consumables toensure suppon for selected allied forces in time<strong>of</strong> war, until future in-country production <strong>and</strong>external resupply can meet the estimated combatconsumption.wartime load(*)-The maximum quantity <strong>of</strong>supplies <strong>of</strong> all kinds which a ship can carry.The composition <strong>of</strong> the load is prescribed byproper authority. See also combat load.'wartime manpower planning system-A st<strong>and</strong>ardized<strong>DOD</strong>-wide procedure, structure, <strong>and</strong>data base for computing, compiling, projecting,<strong>and</strong> ponraying the time-phased wanime manpowerrequirements, dem<strong>and</strong>, <strong>and</strong> supply <strong>of</strong> the<strong>DOD</strong> components. Also called WARMAPS.See also S-clay. (NATO: See also designation<strong>of</strong> days <strong>and</strong> hours.)wartime reserve modes-Cbaracteristics <strong>and</strong>operating procedures <strong>of</strong> sensor, communications,navigation aids, threat recognition,weapons, <strong>and</strong> countermeasures systems thatwill contribute to military effectiveness ifunknown to or misunderstood by opposingcomm<strong>and</strong>ers before they are used, but could beexploited or neutralized if known in advance.Wanime reserve modes are deliberately held inreserve for wanime or emergency use <strong>and</strong>seldom, if ever, applied or intercepted prior tosuch use. Also called WARM.watcbiog mine(*)-ln naval mine warfare, a minesecured to its mooring but showing on thesurface, possibly only in certain tidal conditions.See also Ooatillg mine; mine.waterspace management(*)-The allocation <strong>of</strong>surface <strong>and</strong> underwater spaces into areas <strong>and</strong>the implementation <strong>of</strong> agreed procedures topennit the coordination <strong>of</strong> assets, with the aim<strong>of</strong> preventing mutual interference betweensubmarines or between submarines <strong>and</strong> otherassets, while enabling optimum use to be made<strong>of</strong> all antisubmarine warfare assets involved.water suit-A G-suit in which water is used in theinterlining thereby automatically approximatingthe required hydrostatic pressure-gradient underG forces. See also pressure suit.water termiaal-A facility for benhing s$pssimultaneously at piers, quays, <strong>and</strong>/or woricplganchorages, normally located within sheltetedcoastal waters adjacent to rail, highway, air,<strong>and</strong>/or inl<strong>and</strong> water transportation networks.wave(*)-A formation <strong>of</strong> forces, l<strong>and</strong>ing ships,craft, amphibious vehicles or aircraft, requiredto beach or l<strong>and</strong> about the same time. Can beclassified as to type, function or order asshown: a. Assault wave; b. Boat wave; c.Helicopter wave; d. Numbered wave; e.On-call wave; f. Scheduled wave.way point-In air operations, a point or a series <strong>of</strong>points in space to which an aircraft may bevectored.W-day-see times.weapon <strong>and</strong> payload identification-!. Thedetermination <strong>of</strong> the type <strong>of</strong> weapon being usedin an attack. 2. The discrimination <strong>of</strong> areentryvehicle from penetration aids beingutilized with the re-entry vehicle. See alsoattack assessment.411
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>weapon debris (nuclear)(*)-The residue <strong>of</strong> anuclear weapon after it has exploded; that is,materials used for the casing <strong>and</strong> other components<strong>of</strong> the weapon, plus unexpended plutoniumor uranium, together with fission products.weaponeeriug-The process <strong>of</strong> determining thequantity <strong>of</strong> a specific type <strong>of</strong> lethal or nonlethalweapons required to achieve a specific level <strong>of</strong>damage to a given target, considering targetwlnerability, weapon effect, munitions deliveryaccuracy, damage criteria, probability <strong>of</strong> kill,<strong>and</strong> weapon reliability.weapon engagement zone-In air defense, airspace<strong>of</strong> defined dimensions within which theresponsibility for engagement <strong>of</strong> air threatsnormally rests with a panicular weapon system.Also called WEZ. a. fighter engagementzone. In air defense, that airspace <strong>of</strong> defineddimensions within which the responsibility forengagement <strong>of</strong> air threats normally rests withfighter aircraft. Also called ·FEZ. b. high-altitudemissile engagement Zone. In air defense,that airspace <strong>of</strong> defined dimensions withinwhich the responsibility for engagement <strong>of</strong> airthreats nonnally rests with high-altitude surface-to-airmissiles. Also called BIMEZ. c.low-altitude missile engagement zone. In airdefense, that airspace <strong>of</strong> defined dimensionswithin which the responsibility for engagement<strong>of</strong> air threats normally rests with low- to medium-altitudesurface-to-air missiles. Also calledLOMEZ. d. shon-range air defense engagementzone. In air defense, that airspace <strong>of</strong>defined dimensions within which the responsibilityfor engagement <strong>of</strong> air threats normallyrests with shon-range air defense weapons. Itmay be established within a low- or high-altitudemissile engagement zone. Also calledSHORADEZ: e. joint engagement zone. In -air defense, that airspace <strong>of</strong> defined dimensionswithin which multiple air defense systems(surface-to-air missiles <strong>and</strong> aircraft) are simultaneouslyemployed to engage air threats. Alsocalled JEZ.412weapoos assigmneat(*)-ln air defense, the processby which weapons are assigned to individualair weapons controllers for use in accomplishingan assigned mission.weapoos free(*)-ln air defense, a weapon controlorder imposing a status whereby weaponssysteins may be fired at any target not positivelyrecognized as friendly. See also weaponsbold; weapoos tight.weapoos free zone-An air defense zone establishedfor the protection <strong>of</strong> key assets or facilities,other than air bases, where weapon systemsmay be fired at any target not positivelyrecognized as friendly. See also weapons free.weapoos bold(*)-ln air defense, a weapon contrplorder imposing a status whereby weapoDSsystems may only be fired in self-defense or inresponse to a formal order. See also weapodsfree; weapoos tight.weapom <strong>of</strong> mass destrucdoa-ln anns controlusage, weapons that are capable <strong>of</strong> a high order<strong>of</strong> destruction <strong>and</strong>/or <strong>of</strong> being used in such amanner as to destroy large numbers <strong>of</strong> people.Can be nuclear, chemical, biological, <strong>and</strong>radiological weapons, but excludes the means<strong>of</strong> transporting or propelling the weapon wheresuch means is a separable <strong>and</strong> divisible pan <strong>of</strong>the weapon.weapoas readiness state-The degree <strong>of</strong> readiness<strong>of</strong> air defense weapons which can becomeairborne or be launched to carry out an assignedtask. Weapons readiness swe5 areexpressed in numbers <strong>of</strong> weapons <strong>and</strong> numbers<strong>of</strong> minutes. Weapon readiness states are definedas follows: a. 2 minutes-Weapons canbe launched within two minutes. b. 5 minutes-Weaponscan be launched within fiveminutes. c. 15 minutes-Weapons can belaunched within fifteen minutes. d. 30 minutes-Weaponscan be launched within thirtyminutes. e. 1 hour-Weapons can be launched(\1
.'·)''•.; .-Jobit <strong>Pub</strong> 1-Glwithin one hour. f. 3 houn-Weapons can belaunched within three hours. I• releasedWeapons are released from defense commitmentfor a specified period <strong>of</strong> time.weapoas recommendation sheet(•)-A sheet orchart which defines the intention <strong>of</strong> the attack,<strong>and</strong> recommends the nature <strong>of</strong> weapons, <strong>and</strong>resulting damage expected, tonnage, fuzing,spacing, desired mean points <strong>of</strong> impact, <strong>and</strong>intervals <strong>of</strong> reattack.weapoas state <strong>of</strong> readiness-See weapoas readi·ness state.weapon(s) system(•)-A combination <strong>of</strong> one ormore weapons with all related equipment,materials, services, personnel <strong>and</strong> means <strong>of</strong>delivery <strong>and</strong> deployment (if applicable) requiredfor self-sufficiency.weapoas tigbt(•)-In air defeuse, a weapon controlorder imposing a swus whereby weaponssystems may be fired only at targets recognizedas hostile. See also weapoas free; weapoDSbold.weapon system employmeat concept(*)-Adescription in broad terms, based on establishedoutline cbaracteristics, <strong>of</strong> the application <strong>of</strong> apanicular equipment or weapon system withinthe framework <strong>of</strong> tactical concept aDd futuredoctrines.weapon system manaaer-See system manager.weapon-target liDe-An imaginary straight linefrom a weapon to a target.weather central-An organization which collects,collates, evaluates, <strong>and</strong> disseminates meteorologicalinformation in sucb manner that itbecomes a principal source <strong>of</strong> such informationfor a given area.weather forecast-A prediction <strong>of</strong> weather conditionsat a point, along a route, or within anarea, for a specified period <strong>of</strong> time.weather map-A map showing the weather conditionsprevailing, or predicted to prevail, over aconsiderable area. Usually, the map is basedupon weather observations taken at the sametime at a number ~f swions. See also map.weather minimum-The worst weather conditionsunder which aviation operations may be conductedUDder either visual or instrument flightrules. Usually prescribed by directives <strong>and</strong>st<strong>and</strong>ing operating procedures in tenns <strong>of</strong>minimum ceiling, visibility, or specific hazardsto flight.weather (VAT B)-Short form weather repOrt,giving: ;a. V-VisibUity in miles. tb. A-Amount <strong>of</strong> clouds, in eights. ~c. T -Height <strong>of</strong> cloud top, in dlous<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> feet.d. B-Reight <strong>of</strong> cloud bue, in lbousaDds <strong>of</strong> feet.(The reply is a series <strong>of</strong> four numbers precededby the word "weather." An unknown item isreponed as "unknown.")weight <strong>and</strong> balaDce sheet(*)-A sheet whichrecords the distribution <strong>of</strong> weight in an aircraft<strong>and</strong> shows the center <strong>of</strong> gravity <strong>of</strong> an aircraft attake<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing.well-As used in air intercept, a code meaning,"Equipment indicated is operating efficiently."WEZ-See weapon eagagement zone.wbarf-A structure built <strong>of</strong> open rather than solidcoDSti'UCtion along a shore or a bank whichprovides cargo-b<strong>and</strong>ling facilities. A similarfacility <strong>of</strong> solid construction is called a quay.See also pier; quay.413
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-12what luck-As used in air intercept, a code meaning,"What are/were the results <strong>of</strong> assignedmission?" ·what state-As used in air intercept, a code meaning,"Repon amount <strong>of</strong> fuel, ammunition, <strong>and</strong>oxygen remaining."wbat's up-As used in air intercept, a code meaning,"Is anything the matter?"wheelbase
· <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>witbhold (nuclear)-The limiting <strong>of</strong> authority toemploy nuclear weapons by denying their usewithin specified geographical areas or certaincountries.wooden bomb-A concept which pictures a weaponas being completely reliable <strong>and</strong> having aninfinite shelf life while at the same time requiringno special h<strong>and</strong>ling, storage or surveillance.worldag anchorage(•)-An anchorage where shipslie to discharge cargoes over-side to coasters orlighters. See also emergency anchorage.wreckage locator chart-A chan indicating thegeographic location <strong>of</strong> all known aircraftwreckage sites, <strong>and</strong> all known vessel wreckswhich show above low water or which can beseen from the air. It consists <strong>of</strong> a visual plot<strong>of</strong> each wreckage, numbered in chronologicalorder, <strong>and</strong> cross referenced with a wreckagelocator file containing all pertinent data concerningthe wreckage.wroug-A proword meaning, "Your last transmissionwas incorrect, the correct version is"workillg capital fund-A revolving fund establishedto finance inventories <strong>of</strong> supplies <strong>and</strong>other stores, or to provide working capital forindustrial-type activities.work order-A specific or blanket authorization toperform certain work-usually broader in scopethan a job order. It is sometimes used synonymouslywith job order.world geographic reference system-See poref.wounded-See seriously wounded; slightlywounded. See also battle casu81ty.wounded In action-A casUalty category applicableto a hostile casualty, other than the victim<strong>of</strong> a terrorist activity, who bas incurred an .injury d\ie to an external agent or cause. Theterm encompasses all kinds <strong>of</strong> wounds <strong>and</strong>other injuries incurred in action, whether thereis a piercing <strong>of</strong> the body, as in a penettation orperforated wound, or none, as in the contusedwound. These include fractures, burns, blast.concussions, all effects <strong>of</strong> biological <strong>and</strong> chemicalwarfare agents, <strong>and</strong> the effects <strong>of</strong> an exposureto ionizing radiation or any other destructiveweapon or agent. The hostile casualty'sstatus may be very seriously ill or injured,seriously ill or injured, incapacitating illness orinjury, or not seriously injured. Also calledWIA. See also casualty category.415
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Joillt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-GlXx axis-A horizontal axis in a system <strong>of</strong> rectangularcoordinates; that line on which distances tothe right or left (east or west) <strong>of</strong> the referenceline are marked, especially on a map, chan, orgraph.X-scale(•)-On an oblique photograph, the scalealong a line parallel to the true horizon.417
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yJoblt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-Glyaw
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zero-length laUDcbiDg(•)-A technique in whichthe fmt motion <strong>of</strong> the missile or aircraft removesit from the launcher.zero point-The location <strong>of</strong> the center <strong>of</strong> a burst <strong>of</strong>a nuclear weapon at the instant <strong>of</strong> detonation.The zero point may be in the air, or on orbeneath the surface <strong>of</strong> l<strong>and</strong> or water, dependentupon the type <strong>of</strong> burst, <strong>and</strong> it is titus to bedistinguished from ground zero.zippers-Target dawn <strong>and</strong> dusk combat air patrol.Z marker beacon(•)-A type <strong>of</strong> radio beacon, theemi$sions <strong>of</strong> which radiate in a venical coneshaped pattern.zone;See air defeuse identification zone; airsurface zone; combat zone; commUDicatiomzone; control zone; dead zone; demDitarizedzone; drop zone; l<strong>and</strong>ing zone; rupture zone;safety zone. See also area. ·zone fire-Artillery or monar fires that are deliveredin a constant direction at several quadrantelevations. See also fire. ·zone m (nuclear)-A circular area Oess zones I<strong>and</strong> m, determined by using minimum safedistance m as the radius <strong>and</strong> the desiredground zero as the center, in which all personnelrequire minimum protection. Minimumprotection denotes that armed forces personnelare prone on open ground with all skin areascovered <strong>and</strong> with an overall thermal protectionat least equal to that provided by a two-layeruniform.zone D (nuclear)-A circular area Oess zone n.determined by using minimum safe distance Das the radius <strong>and</strong> the desired ground zero as thecenter, in which all personnel require maximumprotection. Maximum protection denotesz<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>that armed forces personnel are in "buttonedup" tanks or crouched in foxholes with improvisedoverhead shielding.zone I (nuclear)-A circular area, determined byusing minimum safe distance I as the radius<strong>and</strong> the desired ground zero as the center, fromwhich all armed forces are evacuated. Ifevacuation is not possible or if a comm<strong>and</strong>erelects a higher degree <strong>of</strong> risk, maximum protectivemeasures will be required.zone <strong>of</strong> adion(•)-A tactical subdivision <strong>of</strong> alarger area, the responsibility for which isassigned to a tactical unit; generally applied to<strong>of</strong>fensive action. See also sector.zone <strong>of</strong> fire-An area into which a desipted 'ground unit or fire support ship delivers,
'Jobd <strong>Pub</strong> 1-G2~- t ..·. '· ... .., ,,.,_,J.·>,,·' ~ .. "l· ;i' t.r:.· ..l · I ,;,"'· '•'f''rr;;:-.;·-1''.';:.·..\ ~- \.422
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>Appendix AListing <strong>of</strong> NATO Only <strong>Terms</strong>AABAC scaleacceleration erroracceptable productacceptance trialaccess proceduresactiveactive public information policyaddid hoc movementadministrationadministrative planadvanced fleet anchorageadvanced guardadvisory controlaerodromeaerodrome damage repairaeromedical evacuationaeromedical evacuation coordinating <strong>of</strong>ficer.aeromedical evacuation operations <strong>of</strong>ficeraeromedical evacuation systemaeromedical staging unitaeronautical chinaeronautical topographic chartaeropauseafter-flight inspectionafter-flight servicingagentairborne force liaison <strong>of</strong>ficerairborne operationairborne radio relayaircraft climb conidoraircraft control unit ·aircraft dispersal areaaircraft flat palletaircraft guideaircraft h<strong>and</strong>overaircraft inspection ,aircraft marshalleraircraft marshalling areaaircraft picketingaircraft servicing connectorair defenseair defense areaair defense comm<strong>and</strong>air defense comm<strong>and</strong>erair defense identification zoneair defense operations areaair defense shipairdropair freightingair interceptionair liaison <strong>of</strong>ficerair movement <strong>of</strong>ficer. air movement sectionair movement traffic sectionair policingair recmmaissanceairspace controlair surveillance plotting boardair termiDalair transponed forceair ttoopingalighting area .aligmneatallied COIIIIDIDderallied press information centerallocationallotmentall-source intelligencealternate escort operating basealternate water terminalamphibious assaultamphibious groupamphibious operationamphibious trausport groupanalysis staffaugular velocity sightantiaircraft operations centerA-1
Joillt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-12Appeaclix Aantisubmarine canier groupantisubmarine minefieldapportionmentappreciation <strong>of</strong> the situationapproach routeapproach timeapronarea <strong>of</strong> operational interestarea searcharmed reconnaissancearmingarmyarmy corpsarmy groupanificial daylightanificial moonlightanillery preparationaspect changeassaultassault aircraftassociated productastro altitudeastro compassastronomical twilightastro-trackeratomic demolition munitionattachattack positionaugmentation forceauthenticationauthenticatorauthentic documentautonomous operationauxiliary contoursavailable supply rateaverage headingaxisBbarometric vertical speed indicatorbarrage jammingbarrierbase ejection shellbase fuzebase map symbolbase symbolbasic intelligencebattery control centerbattery left (or right)battle casualtybeacbbead.beam riderbefore-flight servicingbi-margin formatbiological agent ·black forcesblast waveblock time· blue forcesblue keybody <strong>of</strong> a map or chartbombing errorsbomb sighting systemsbottom sweepboUDdaryboUDdary disclaimerbranchbridgeheadcalibrated airspeedcalibrated altitudecamera magazinecamera windowccanesian coordinatescascade image imeusifiercassettecasualtycasualty staging unitcaution areacellcemer <strong>of</strong> gravity limitscemral analysis teamcemral planning team,0IA·2
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix Achaffcharging pointchemical minecircular error probablecivil affaircivil defensecivilian preparedness for warcivil-military cooperationcivil-military relationscivil twilightcl<strong>and</strong>estine operationclose air supponclose controlcocooningcollationcollimating markcombat available aircraftcombat control teamcombat day <strong>of</strong> supplycombat infonnationcombat intelligencecombat loadcombat patrolcombat readinesscombat readycombat ready aircraftcombat service supponcombatzone.comm<strong>and</strong>comm<strong>and</strong>, control <strong>and</strong> iDfonnation systemconunonalitycommunications <strong>and</strong> information systemcompartment matkingcompilationcompilation diagramcomplete roundcomponent lifeconcentrated fireconcept <strong>of</strong> operationsconfidentialconstant <strong>of</strong> the coneconsulwioncontamination control linecontamination control pointcontingency plancontinuously computed release pointcontinuously set vectorcontinuous processorcontinuous strip photographycontrolcontrol <strong>and</strong> reponing centercontrol <strong>and</strong> reporting systemcontrolled interceptionconvergeconvoy assembly poncoordinated attackcoordinated illumination firecoordinating authoritycorpscorrective maintenance ~counter air operation ;counter comm<strong>and</strong>, control <strong>and</strong> conmmni~ons. ..coumer-esp1onage ~coumer-insurgencycounterintelligencecounter-sabotageeoumer-subversioncoumersurveillancecrestedcritical itemcross-servicingcryptanalysiscryptomaterialcurrencycurrent intelligenceDdate-time groupdaysdebarkationdefectordefense readiness conditiondefense shipping authoritydefensive fireA-3
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-G2Appendix Adefensive mine countermeasuresdeferred maintenancedegree <strong>of</strong> nuclear riskdepartUre aerodromedeployment ,deployment operating basederived informationdesignation <strong>of</strong> days <strong>and</strong>· hoursdetaildetectiondetonating cord amplifierdiaphragmdied <strong>of</strong> wounds received in actiondirect damage assessmentdirect firedirectional radar predictiondirect suppondiversiondoctrinedoor bundledoppler radardowngradedrainage systemdrawing keydronedry gap bridgeEearly resupplyearmarked for assignmenteastiDgE-dayeditionedition designationelectromagnetic compatibilityelectromagnetic environmemelectromagnetic interferenceelectromagnetic radiation hazardelectromagnetic vulnerabilityelectronic deceptionelectronic imitative deceptionelectronic manipulative deceptionelectronic simulative deceptionelectronic warfareelectronic warfare suppon measureselevation <strong>of</strong> securityemergency complementemergency destruction <strong>of</strong> nuclear weaponsemergency establishmentemergency fleet operating baseemergency in waremergency nuclear riskemission comrolemission control policyendurance speedendurance timeequal area projectionessential cargoessential supplyestimate <strong>of</strong> the situationevacueesevaluatione.~amjnarionexecuting commatvlerexercise comm<strong>and</strong>erexercise planning directiveexercise programexpendable supplies aDd materialsexplosiveexplosive ordnana: reconnaissanceface <strong>of</strong> a map or cbartfair drawingfalse color filmfalse parallaxfiducial markfighterfighting patrolfiller pointfilteringflight readiness ·firingfloatiDg liDesfloating mark or dotF·• ;..~
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-82Appmdls Afluxgatefluxvalvefollow-on echelonfollow-upforces allocated to NATOformiDg up placeforward air controller ·forward line <strong>of</strong> own uoopsforward observerfoUDd shipmentfragmentary orderfree fallfull comm<strong>and</strong>fully plalmed movementfunctional CQ1DID3ndfusionGG-dayJO 8I'OUJidgreat circle routegrid bearinggrid convergenceJripper edgegroUDd effect machinegroUDd liaison <strong>of</strong>ficergroUDd liaison sectiongroUDd observer orgaaizadongroUDd position iDdiCIIOI'guardshipguided missileguide signsgun directionHbeadingheightH-hourhigh density airspace comml zoueholidaybook operationhorse collarhost nation posthost nation suppon·· · hovercrafthunter-killer groupidentificationillumination fireimage degradationimage displacementjmnwliare destination (merchant shipping)~ operational readinessimpact areaimplosion weaponincapacitating agentiDdex contour lineindex to adjoining sheetsiDdirect air supponiDdirect damage assessmentiDdirect fireiDdiviclual nuclear, biological <strong>and</strong> chemicalprotectioniDfillillfiltrationinflight reponintlueDce milleinfrared filmiDitialpoiDtinitiationin-place forceinsetatamaDeous vertical speed indicatoriDstrumem recordiDg photographyintegrated logistic supponimegrationintelligenceiDtelligence cycleinterceptor controllerinter-comm<strong>and</strong> exerciseimerdiction fireintermediate area illuminationI.eA-5
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>Appendix Aintermediate contour lineinternational actual strengthinternational civilian personnel with NATOstatusinternational job descriptioninternational manpower ceilinginternational map <strong>of</strong> the worldinternational military personnelinternational military postinternational personnelinternational postinterprewioninterrupted lineisocentteisogrivJjettisonjoint amphibious task forcejoint staffK-daykeykey symbolkilled in actionl<strong>and</strong>ing grouplarge shiplaunching sitelaying-up positionlead aircraftlegendlens coatinglens distortionline asternline gaugeline <strong>of</strong> arrivalKLline <strong>of</strong> impactlines <strong>of</strong> communicationsline weightlive exerciselocal wage rate NATO civilian employeelocation diagramlogistic .assistancemagnetic minehuntingmainguardmaintainabilitymaintenanceMMajor NATO Comm<strong>and</strong>ersMajor Subordinate Comm<strong>and</strong>ersmajor water terminalmaneuvering areamanpower scaling guidemaritime areamaritime operationmarking teammass casualtiesM-daymean sea levelmeasuring magnifiermessagemidcourse guidancemilitary geographic documentationmilitary geographic informationmilitary strategyminefield markingminehuntingmine warfareminitnum quality surveillancemissionmobile air movements teammobile suppon groupmobilizable reinforcing forcemobilizationmoderate nuclear riskmovement controlmovement control <strong>of</strong>ficer ·
movement prioritymulti-agent munitionmutual aidNnadirnadir pointnational comm<strong>and</strong>national comm<strong>and</strong>ernational componemnational force comm<strong>and</strong>ernational forces for the defense <strong>of</strong> the NATO areanationality undetermined postnational military authoritynational shipping authoritynational territorial mmmanclerNATO airspaceNATO assigned forcesNATO code m1mherNATO comm<strong>and</strong>erNATO comm<strong>and</strong> forcesNATO earmarked forcesNATO forcesNATO intelligeuce subject codeNATO intematicmal civilian po1tNATO military authorityNATO preparation timeNATO st<strong>and</strong>ardization apeeiiiiUNATO wamiDg timeNATO-wide exercisenautical twilightnaval augmentation poupnaval control <strong>of</strong> sbippiag liaison <strong>of</strong>ficernegligible nuclear risknet weightneutralization firenicknamenon-battle casualtynon-expendable supplies aad lllltelial<strong>DOD</strong>-qUOta postnorthingnuclear, biological, chemical area <strong>of</strong> oblervadoaauclear, biological, chemical collection centerauclear, biological, chemical coatrol centernuclear, biological, chemical zone <strong>of</strong> observationauclear iDcidealnuclear logistic movementauclear weapon(s) accideatauclear yieldobserver-target ctista~~CA:obstructionoccupation <strong>of</strong> position<strong>of</strong>fensive miDe countermeasures<strong>of</strong>licer conducting tbe exercise<strong>of</strong>ficer conduc:ting the serial<strong>of</strong>ficer scbeduliag tbe exercise<strong>of</strong>fset cfista~~CA: . ~~postoncall().0 liDe ":operalioaal aircraft cross-servicing requirementoperalioaal cbaracterisdcsoperalioaal comnwndoperalicmal ccmtroloperalional illtercbangeabilltyoperalioaallevel <strong>of</strong> waroperadcmal stocboperition orderoperation planoperaliODS securityoraDp forcesorpDicother forces for NATOoverlapoverrun controlovershoot0ppactaged petroleum productparallaxpartiA-7
. Jobat <strong>Pub</strong> l-412.Appendix Apartially plaDned JDOVellleDtpassive public iDformation policypatbfiDder aircraftpathfinder teampeacetime complementpeac«ime establishmeatpecked linephotographic filterpiece partplan for l<strong>and</strong>ingplaDned resupplyplanning staffplan raugeplastic explosiveplastic spray pacbaiDapoint targetpositive coatrolpost-flight iDspectionpoststrike damage estimationpreassault operationprecedencepreplaDned mission request (JeCOD•issulce)pre-set Vectorpress information c:earerprevemive maintenanceprimiDg cbaqePriDcipal SubordiDale Cotnllwft1enprisoner <strong>of</strong> war c:azDpprisoner <strong>of</strong> war collectmc poiDtprohibited areaprojectileprojection primpropag<strong>and</strong>aprotective securityprovisional UDitpsychological mediapsychological operatioaspsychological operatioos approachpsychological situationpsychological themepublic informationpurple comm<strong>and</strong>erpurple forcesquick search procedurequota postradar echoradar returnradiation situation mapradioactive decay rareQRrmsermse resolutionreallocation <strong>of</strong> resourcesrear pardreciprocal jurisdictionrecognitionnconnaissance patrolrefugeesregional reiDforcing forceregional reserveregistered matterregistered publicationregister Jlassregulatory sipreimbursable NATO miliWy persolllldreiDforciug forcereiDforciDg Dationrelative biological effectiveuessreleasedrelease pointreleasing comm<strong>and</strong>erreliabilityrepon liDerepres"!"rive fractionreproduction materialrequired miliWy forcerequired supply rarerescue stroprestricted arearesupply <strong>of</strong> Europereverse sloperiot comrol agent/\,
.. ·· ..... ,·\':·1Joillt <strong>Pub</strong> 1..<strong>02</strong>Appeacb AriperoamersrocketroDroller conveyorrotational postroute reconnaissancerules <strong>of</strong> engagementnmrun-up areasalvagesalvage procedurescale <strong>of</strong> an exercisescanscreen coordiDatorsea skimmersecoudary water terminalsecoDd strike capabilitysectionsector commaodersector. controllersecuritysecurity classificationselective identification featureselective unloadiugseries <strong>of</strong> targetsseriously illserviciDg .severely threatened coastliDeshad owershadow factorsballow fordiDg capabilityshipping movemem policyshore bombardmeDt liDeshan distance uavigational aidsighting anglesignal areasignals supportsmall shipsoake modesonobuoysourcesparespecial air operationspecial job cover mapspigot.,niDI attackspragstability augmentation featurestapstaged crewSTANAGstaDdard day <strong>of</strong> sUpplystaDdardizationstaDdardized productstaDdard loadstarvlard NATO data messagest<strong>and</strong>ing patrol ~start pointstate <strong>of</strong> readiness-state 1-safestep-upstereogramstereoscopic coverstereoscopic modelstereoscopic pairstickstockpile to tarpt sequeacestocksstrategic air warfaresuaregic intelligeacestrategic miningstrategic reservesuaregic wamiDgstrip searchsub-collection centersubmarine basesubmarine exercise area coordiDatorsubmarine baveassubmariDe movement advisory authoritysubmarine noticesubmarine operadDg authoritySubordinate Area CommaDderssubversionsuperimposed
.Joillt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-82Appeadix Asupernumerary NATO civilian pei'SOIIDelsupplementsupplemental programmed imerprecadon reportsuppliessupponsuppression <strong>of</strong> enemy air defemessustainabilityTtachomettic or synchronous sightstactical air conttollertactical air operationtactical comm<strong>and</strong>tactical intelligencetactical warningtan alttargettarget allocationtarget gridtarget illustration primtarget infOrmation sheettargetiugtarget list .target numbertarget <strong>of</strong> opportunitytarget status board·tuJdngteclmical intelligencetelebrieftemporarily filled military posttemporary civilian perscnme1termiDal control areatermiDal guidanceterrorismtheater operational stockstilttime on targettitliDg striptonetracktrack b<strong>and</strong>overtrack productiontrack telliDgtrail formationtraDsition altitudetrauspon capacitytrue convergencetrunk air routetwilipttwo-uptype loadUIICODVelltional warfareUlldersbmg loadunit emplaning <strong>of</strong>ficerunit equipmentunit <strong>of</strong> issueunit strengthUDSUrYeyed areauvvector sightsvenical imervalvenical scale iDstrumem systemSvertical speed iDdicatorvery deep draught sbipvery seriously illwwaitiDg positionwater terminal .wave-<strong>of</strong>fweapon engagement zoaewhite forceswingmanwOUDded in actionZULU timeX-Y-ZA-10
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-412Appendix BAcronyms <strong>and</strong> AbbreviationsAAA2C2AJCAIDAIDACGAJGAIMA/NMAAAAABPSAABWSAADCAAFESAAFSFAAPAARAATAAUAAVAAWAAWCABABCAABCCCABFCABFSABNABOACACAACAA· ACAPSACCACCBANACCSanalogArmy airspace comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> controlaircraftanalog-to-digitalarrivalldepanure airfield control groupair to groUDdapproach aud mooradministrative/network managementantiaircraft anillery; assign alternate areaamphibious assault bulk fuel systemamphibious assault bulk water systemarea air defease comm<strong>and</strong>erArmy aod Air Force Exchange Systemamphibious assault fuel supply facilityAllied Administrative <strong>Pub</strong>lication; assign alternate parentafter-action reportautomatic analog testanalog applique unit .assault amphibious vehicleamiair warfareamiair warfare comm<strong>and</strong>erairbaseAmerican, British, Canadian, Austtalian Armies StaDdardizationProgramairborne battlefield comm<strong>and</strong> aDd control centeradvanced base functicmal componentsamphibious bulk fuel systemairborneair base operabilityActive component; alternating currentairspace control authorityautomatic chemical agent alarmarea communications electronics capabilities. Air Combat Comm<strong>and</strong>; air component comm<strong>and</strong>er; areacoordination centerAllied Comm<strong>and</strong> Channelair comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control system;..•:B-1
Joillt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-Gl---Appeadix BACCSAACDOACEACFACIACINTACKACLACLANTACNACOACOCACPACRACSACSAAcrACUACVADADAAIDACGADCADCOM IADCONADDADDO (MS)ADEADFADIZADKCIRCUADLADMINADNADOCADPADPEADPSAllied CoDJJTUIDications aDd Computer Security AgencyAssistant Comm<strong>and</strong> Duty Officeraviation combat element (MAGTF); airborne comm<strong>and</strong> element(USAF); air combat element (NATO); Allied Comm<strong>and</strong>Europeair contingency forceassign call inhibitacoustic intelligenceacknowledgementallowable cabin load; access control listAllied Comm<strong>and</strong> Atlanticassign commercial network· airspace control orderarea communications operating centerAllied Communications <strong>Pub</strong>lication; assign common pool;airspace coiltrol planarmored cavalry regiment (Army); assign channel reassignment ·. 1 lmspace contro system ·Allied C()1D11111Dications Security Agency; acquisitioncross-Service apeemeutactivityassault craft unitair cuShion vehicle; armored combat vehicleadvanced deployability; priority add-onair defense artilleryarrival/departure comrol grouparea damage controlAir (Aerospace) Defense Comm<strong>and</strong>administrative controlassign on-line ~cAssociate Deputy Director for Operationsi<strong>Military</strong> Supportassign digit editiDgautomati~ direction findingair defense identification zoneAutomatic Key Disttibution Cemer/Rekeying Control Unitassign XX (SL) routingadministrationAllied Comm<strong>and</strong> Europe (ACE) desired ground zero (DGZ)"DUJilberair defeDse operations centerautomated dara process(ing)automated dara processing equipmentautomatic data processing systemB-2
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>Appendix BADRADSIAADTADVCAPAD VONAEAECAAECCAELTAEPSAESAEUAEWAFIDPAFIINAF/LGAF/SCAFIXOAFIXOOAFBAFCAFCCAFCSAFDAFDCAFDIGSAFEESAFFORAFID. AFLCAFMAFMLOAFMPCAFOEAFOSIAFPAFRAFRC·AFRCCAFRRIAFRTSaircraft damage repair; armament delivery recordingAllied Data Systems lnteroperability Agencyautomatic digital tester; assign digital transmission groupadvanced capabilityadvanced echelonassault echelon; aeromedical evacuation; attenuation equalizerArms Export CoDttol Actaeromedical evacuation control centeraeromedical evacuation liaison teamaircrew escape propulsion systemaeromedical evacuation systemassign essential user bypassairborne early warning .Deputy Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff for Personnel, United States Air ForceDeputy Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff for lmelligence, United States Air ForceDeputy Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff for Logistics, United States Air ForceDeputy Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff for Commaud, Control, Communications,<strong>and</strong> COmputers, United States Air ForceJDeputy Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff for Plans <strong>and</strong> Operations, United Sta(esAir Force !Director <strong>of</strong> Operations, United States Air Force ~Air ·Force Baseautomatic frequency controlAi Force Component Comm<strong>and</strong>erautomatic flight control systemassign fixed directoryAir Force Doctrine CenterAir Force digital graphics systemArmed Forces E:ramining <strong>and</strong> Emrance StationAir Force forcesami-fratticide identification deviceAirForceLogisticsCommaDdAir Force ManualAir Force Medical Logistics OfficeUnited States Air Force <strong>Military</strong> Personnel Centerassault follow-on echelonAir Force Office <strong>of</strong> SpeciallnvestigatiousArmed Forces <strong>Pub</strong>lication; Air Force PamphletAir Force regulation; assign frequency for network reportingArmed Forces Recreation CenterAir Force rescue coordination centerArmed Forces Radiological Research CenterArmed Forces Radio <strong>and</strong> Television ServiceB-3
JoiDt ·<strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BAFSAFSATCOMAFSCAFSOBAFSOCAFSOCCAFSODAFSOEAFSOFAFSPOCAFSOUTBAFI'ACAFI'NAGAGARDA GILAGLABAABIPAIAlAS AAICAIDAIFAIGAIMAIMDAIQCAIRREQRECONAIRREQSUPAIREV ACCONFIRMAIREVACREQAIREV ACRESPAISAIUAJAJ/CMAJBPOAKALCCALCEALCGaeronautical fixed serviceAir Force wellite communicationsArmed Forces· Staff Colleg~; United Swes Air Force specialtycodeAir Force special operations baseAir Force special operations componemAir F()rce special operations control centerAir Force· special operations detachmentAir Force special operations element ·Air F~rce spec~ operations forcesAir Force Space Operations CenterAllied Forces, ~uth (NATO)Air Force T~cal Applications Center. Aeronautical Feed Telecommunications NetworkAdjutant: GeDeral (Army)Advisor)'· GiOup for Aerospace Research aDd Developmentairbonie geneml illumination ligbtselfabove ground levelAmer1~ Hbspital AssociationArmy Helicopter Improvement Programair mterdlction :.amwai:~ed assessment for security assistanceassign iDdi\ridUal compressed dialAgem:yc for Iniemational Development~ ~Ilion intelligence fileaddressee. indicator ·. . ·.: .. ~:-. groupAirman's InfOrmation ManualaViation· iatennediate maintenance departmentAJititerrorism'iustructor Qualification Courseair ~fJ:r#DIJ8issanceair~SUpponair eVaCUation cOnfirmationair~~ requestair ~Oii iespoDSeaUtomatec~·iDformation systemsAUTOD~_Iiuerface Unitanti~jam ·. · :-~ :_ ·. >- ·.anti-j~·~t modem-~·<strong>Joint</strong>'B19Qd Program OfficeCommetci3l.cargo shipairlift ··Conttoi. Center•lift .ContrOl element8J.181~g: I~ ~nditioning group(j
. , , ··t:~· . .-.' : ... · ..ALCMALCOMALCONALDALERFAALLAALNOTALOALOCAlSSAMAMAAMBAMCAMEAMEMBAMBAMMOAMOPSAMPAMPNAMPSSOAMRAAMAMSAMVERAMWANANCAANDVTANGANGLICOANMCCANNANXANYANZUSAOAO&MAOA.·····;·iJ·J·.··~~~!~Ii.~,tt:.. . ..·, ·m:·l&Wiched ,cruise missile· , ·,··,~,I.tffi,~~s~e; Alaskan comm<strong>and</strong><strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lAppendix B· .' .at(C6~~~.~.·:.~.: .. ::·:~\?ieJ:~b.designator; available-to-load date at POE;aecountlng line designatoralen phase (ICAO)Allied Long Lines Agencysearch <strong>and</strong> rescue alen notice; alen noticeair liaison <strong>of</strong>ficerair lines <strong>of</strong> communicationsnaval advanced logistic suppon siteamplitude modUlationAmerican Medical Associationair mobility branchAir Mobility Comm<strong>and</strong>; Army Materiel Comm<strong>and</strong>: midpointcompromise search areaair mobility element; antenna mounted electronicsAmerican Embassyautomated message h<strong>and</strong>lerammunition ·tArmy Mobilization Operations System; Army Mobilization <strong>and</strong>Operations Planning SystemamplifieramplificationAutomated Message Processing System Security Office (orOfficer)advanced medium-range air-to-air missileArrity management sttuctureAutomated Mutual-Assistance Vessel Rescue Systemamphibious warfarealphanumeric; analog nonsecureAllied Naval Communications Agencyadvanced narrowb<strong>and</strong> digital voice terminalAir National Guardair/naval gunfire liaison companyAlternate National <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> Centerassign NNX routingassign NNXX routingassign NYX routingAustralia-New Zeal<strong>and</strong>-United Swes Treatyarea <strong>of</strong> operations; aviation ordnance person; air <strong>of</strong>ficeradministration, operation, <strong>and</strong> maintenanceamphibious objective areaJB-5
. Joblt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-12Appeaclls BAOBAOCAOCCAOCUAODAOIAOPAAORAOSSAPAPCAPIAPOAPODAPOEAPORTSAPORTSREPAPRAPSAPUARARBARBSARCARDFARECARFARFAARFORARGARINCARMARNGARPERCENARQ ..ARRDATEARSOAARSOCARSOFARSOTI':ARSPOCARTCCadvanced· operations baseair operatiQDS center (USAF)Air Operatious Control Centeranalog·o~ control unitoo-liDe diagnosticarea <strong>of</strong> U.re.stAircraft Owner's aud Pilot's Associationarea <strong>of</strong> respomibility .aviation ontuftCJ!! safety supervisoraverage powerarmo~ peisoDDel carrier; aerial port CU""•nder; assip· preprognilm~ conference listafloat p~itioniDg forceafloat pre-pOsitioniDg operatiODS; Army Post Officeaerial P,n:<strong>of</strong>~Ctebarkadonaerial pon· <strong>of</strong> embarkationaerial poiu' >~. .• .air operaticmi bases reportassip.PR··routiDgprepos_ .afloat . . iticmect shipauXiliary· power UDitArmy'~onassign receive bypass listsaugle rate ~bOmbiag systemAmerican (NatiOnal) Red Cross; air reserve C0DJP0De1111automatic· radio- direction findingair resOurce· elemeat coordiDatorAir~forcesAllied 'Radio-~ AlfiDI:yArmy !Orca·amphibious ready groupAerOuautical' Radio IDcorporatedaamadildon missilesArmy ·N~Ouil GuardUnited·States Army Reserve PersonDel Center~~~-repeat·,lliiVaJ'dlte ·~·;:!''':.· Army··~ operaticms aviation·· AttiJy Piai operaticms compoaeatArmy .special, ~ODS forcesAniiY special cij)eradons task fcm:e;·- ·AnnY'ijJice~~ODS ceater, Aif]touuftratnc CoDUOI CenterJ.0
...·.. ''/!'1i:;~~~~G~1~~t:;~;o··\.· :.'i,::·:;,~,~$i~;;;~~;, ··.Joiat <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BARTSmAS.-.. ASASASBPOASC'fASCCASCDASD(A&L)ASD(C)ASD
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BASfASfORASUWASUWCASWASWBPLASWCATAtATAATACMSA TACOATACSATAFATBMATCATCAATCAAATCAI3ATCCATDLlATDMATDSATFATGATGMATBATBSATMATNATOATPATSATSD(AE)A1TAUI'ODINAUI'OSEVOCOMAUXAVAVMAVDTGA VIMassign secondary traffic channelsantisubmarine torpedoamisurface warfareamisurface warfare comm<strong>and</strong>erantisubmarine warfare; average surface windArmed Services Whole Blood Processing Laboratoriesantisubmarine warfare comm<strong>and</strong>erantiterrorismtotal attainable search areaairport traffic areaArmy Tactical Missile Systemair tactical actions control <strong>of</strong>ficerArmy Tactical Communications SystemAllied Tactical Air force (NATO)amitactical ballistical missileair traffic control; Air Training Comm<strong>and</strong>; air transponablecliDic (USAF)Allied Tactical Communications Agencyair traffic control assigned airspaceair traffic control ·<strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing systemsair traffic control cemcr; Amiterrorism CoordiDadDg CommitteeArmy tictical data liDt 1adaptive time division multiplexerairborne tactical data systemamphibious task ·forceassign trunk group clusterlllti-taDk_guided missile; anti-tank guided munitionassign thresholds; air transponable hospitalAirborne Target Haudover Systemassign traffic meteriDgassign thresholdsair tasking order ·Allied Tactical <strong>Pub</strong>Air Traffic Service; ·assign terminal serviceAssistmt to the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense (Atomic Energy)assign terminal typeAutomatic Digital NetworkAutomatic Secure Voice Communications NetWorkauxiliaryair Vehicleaudiovisuallvisual informationaualog via digital trunk groupaviation iDtermediale maiDteDance. B-8
J.._,'•·' : .., '~~~;.,'···\ :'·' .. : . .~Joillt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>AppeadixB·~.AVLAVOUAVOWAVSAVUMAWACSA WADSAWCAPAWNAWOLAWSAWSEAWSRAXXAZRassign variable locationanalog voice orderwire unitanalog voice orderwireAudiovisual Squadronaviation unit maintenanceAirborne Warning <strong>and</strong> Control Systemadverse weather aerial delivery systemairborne weapons corrective action programAutomau:d Weather Networkabsent without leaveAir Weather Serviceannament weapons support equipmentAir Weather Service Regulationassign XXX routingassign zone restriction listsBBB&ABIBBAFBAGBAIBBBCBCEBCIBCNBCOCBDABDCBDEBDLBDOCBDZBEBE NumberBERBESBGCcross-over barrier patternboat aDd aircraftbreak bulk; baseb<strong>and</strong>backup alen forcebaggagebattlefield air interdictionbreakbulkbottom currentbattlefield c:oordination elementbit COUDt integritybeaconbase cluster operations centerbomb or battle damage assessmentblood doDOr centersbrigadebeach discharge lighterbase defense operations centerbase defense zonebasic encyclopediabasic encyclopedia numberbit error ratiobudget estimate submissionboat group comm<strong>and</strong>er
. Joillt Pab 1-82Appeadix BBlBIASBIDDSBIDEBIFCBITBITEBIVBLCPBLDREPBLDSIIIPREPBLSBLTBMUBNBOCBOCCABOBBPBPDBPOBPSBPSKBPI'BRCBSBSABSCBSCroBSSGBSUBTC ·BTUBULKBVRBWbattle injuryBattlefield Wumination Assistance SystemBase Information Digital Disuibution Systembasic identity data elementBoise Interagency Fire Centerbuilt-in testbuilt in test equipmentbeach interface unit .beach lighterage control pointblood reportblood shipment reportbeach l<strong>and</strong>ing sitebattalion l<strong>and</strong>ing teambeadm1aster unitbattalionbase operations ceJJlerBureau <strong>of</strong> CoordiDation <strong>of</strong> Civil Aircraftbottom <strong>of</strong> hillblock parityBlood Products DepotsBlood Program OfficeBasic PSYOP Study; bits per sec:cmdbiphase shift keyiDgbeach party teambase recovery coursebalde staff; broadcast soUrcebeach support areablack station clockblack station clock receive outbrigade service suppon groupblood supply UDitblood traDsshipmem cemerbeach termiDation UDitbulk cargobeyolld visual rangebaDdwidtb; biological warfareccCdicoverage factor; creepiDg liDe pauem; clockCODditioned dipbaseB-10
. .. ·,-...... -"~·~~~t·~#f~~·;='~~·t~· ~' t ...C2C2SC2WC3C3AGC3CMC31C31CC3SMPC4C4CMC4lC4DTWC4SCld.ATC·BC-clayC·EC-left!CICCACAACABCADRSCADSCAPCAlMSCAGCAlMSCALCAMCANACANUSCAOCAOSOPCAPCARCARPCARS;Jobd <strong>Pub</strong> 1-82Appeadix Bcomm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> controlcomm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control systemcomm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control warfarecomm<strong>and</strong>, contrOl, <strong>and</strong> communicatiousComm<strong>and</strong>, Control, <strong>and</strong> Communicatious Advisory Groupcomm<strong>and</strong>, control, <strong>and</strong> communicatious countermeasurescomm<strong>and</strong>, control, communicatious, <strong>and</strong> intellig~coalition coordbwi~, communicatiom, <strong>and</strong> integration centerComm<strong>and</strong>, Control, <strong>and</strong> Communicatious Systems Master Plancomm<strong>and</strong>, controJ,.communications, <strong>and</strong> computersComm<strong>and</strong>, contrOl, communicatioas, <strong>and</strong> computercountermeasurescomm<strong>and</strong>, control, comnnJDications, computers, <strong>and</strong> intelligencecomm<strong>and</strong>, control, communications, computers, <strong>and</strong> intelligencefor the Warriorcomm<strong>and</strong>, control, communications, <strong>and</strong> computer syste1mcargo <strong>and</strong> loading analysis tablechemical-biologicaltiJIJJ3DWI day on which a deployment operation begins ~communications-electronicscategory levelcabin cruiser; cast <strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> clearcivil affairs; combat assessmentcivil air augmentation; Comm<strong>and</strong> Arrallgement Agreementscombat aviation brigadeCcmcem <strong>and</strong> Deficiency ReponiDg Systemcartridge actuated devicesQmadjan Air ForceComputer-Assisted Force MaDagemeDt SystemCivU Affairs GroupConventional Ammunition lmegrated Mmagemem Systemcaliber .crisis action module; cbemical agent monitorconvalescent amidote for nerve agentCanada.United StatesCOUDter air ~onSt<strong>and</strong>ing Operating Procedures for Coordination <strong>of</strong> AtomicOperatiomcombat air patrol; Civil Air Pattol; crisis action planning;configuration <strong>and</strong> alarm panelChief <strong>of</strong> the Army ReservecontingeDcy alternate route planCombat Arms Regimemal System.eB-11
. ' ·.Jomt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-82., ApPendix BCARVERCAS,CASP·.cAsPERCAT.CATCC.CATF ..CAUCAVIL ...CBCBBLS'",CBFS.CBLTUCBPOCBPSCBRCBSCBTCBUCCACCBCCCCCDCCEBCCFC·CGC·CIRCCISCCI'ITecruCCLceoCCPCCRDccsCCSACCSDccrccrvcritiCality, ~sibility, recuperability, vulnerability., effect,recognizability ··cJose air supponcomputer-aided search planningContact J\rea Summary Position Repon~is action team; category.carrier air traffic control centercomm<strong>and</strong>er, amphibious task force· crypto ancillary unit; cryptographic auxiliary unitceiliug aua 'visibility unlimitedchemical-bioiogicallumdreds <strong>of</strong> barrelscesium beam frequency st<strong>and</strong>ardcommon battery LTUConsolidated Base Personnel Officechemical }Jiological protective shelterchemical, biological, aDd radiologicalc:ommm1 b8ttery signalingcommon b8tteiy terminalcluster bo~ UDit; conference bridge unitc:oDtillgency. capabilities assessment: carrier-controlled approach;cirCUit caRl assemblyCommunity Counterterrorism Board; Configuration Couttol. Board 'critical c:cmtrol circuitcamouflage, conceahnent, aDd deceptionCombiDed Communic:ations-ElecttoDic:s BoardCollection Coordinadon FacilityCiisis CoordiDation Grouplmemalional Radio Consultative CommitteeCommOn a.nuellmerswitcb Signalinglmemalional Telegraph <strong>and</strong> Telephone Consultative CommitteeCEf couttol interface unitc:omrmmications/c:ordpmer liDkcombat cargo <strong>of</strong>ficer; central control <strong>of</strong>ficercasualty collection pointCINCs; Rquired ·delivery daleceuttal control.~~ftft9.sift-hn.. _,......,.._---t' cargo sto wage adapterComm<strong>and</strong> Comnumications Service Desigzwor; controlM1DJDlmications service designator. . combat control teamclosed circuit television•B-12
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lAppendix BCDCDBCDFCDICDIPCDMCDMGMCDNcooCDPCDRCDRESCCDREUDACCDRMTMCCD-ROMCDRFORSCOMCDRUSAINSCOMCDRUSELEMNORADCECEDREPCEECEFCEGCEICEMCEMCCEO ICEPCEPODCESCESECESGCESPCESPGCFCFCCFLCFMCFRcoumerdrug; channel· designatorchemical, biological defensecombined distribution framecargo disposition instructions; conditioned dipbaseCombined Defense Improvement Projectcable driver modemcable driver modem group buffercompressed dial numbercomm<strong>and</strong> duty <strong>of</strong>ficerJ<strong>and</strong>ing craft air cushion (LCAC) depanure pointContinuous data recording; comm<strong>and</strong>erComm<strong>and</strong>er, Electronic Security Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er, European Comm<strong>and</strong> Defense Analysis Center(ELINT) or European Data Analysis CenterComm<strong>and</strong>er, <strong>Military</strong> Traffic Management Comm<strong>and</strong>compact disc read only memoryComm<strong>and</strong>er, Forces Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er, United Swes Army Intelligence <strong>and</strong> SecurityComm<strong>and</strong> ~Comm<strong>and</strong>er, United Swes Elemem, Nonh American AirDefense Comm<strong>and</strong>communications-electronics; comm<strong>and</strong> element (MAGTF)Communications-Electronics Deployment Reportcaptured enemy equipmentCivil Eogineering File; common equipment facilitycommon equipment ·groupcritical employment indicatorcombined effects munitionCommunicatioos-El~nics Management Centercommunications-electronics operating instructionscircular error probable; cable entrance panelCommunications-Electronics Post-Deployment ReportCoast Earth Stationcivil engineering support equipment; communications equipmentsupport elementCommunications Equipment Support GroupCivil Engineering Support PlanCivil Engineering Support Planning Generatordrift error confidence factor; causeway ferryCombined Forces Comm<strong>and</strong>, KoreaContingency Planning Facilities Listcubic feet per minuteCode <strong>of</strong> Federal RegulationsB-13
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-GlAppeadix BCGCGCAPCGFMFLANTCGFMFPACCGLSMPCGASCGAUXCBCIIAMPUSCHBCBCSSCIIECHOPCHRISCHSTRCBSTREPClCIAClAPCICemCIDCCIFCIGCILCINCINCCINCAFLANTCINCARLANTCINCCFCCINCBANCINCLANTFLTCINCNETCINCNORADCINCPACAFCINCPACFLTCINCVNCCINCUSACOMCINCUSAFECINCUSAREURChairman's Guidance; center <strong>of</strong> gravity; guided missile cruiser;Coast Guard; Comptroller GeneralCoast Guard Capabilities PlanComm<strong>and</strong>ing General, Fleet Marine Forces, AtlanticComm<strong>and</strong>ing General, Fleet Marine Forces, PacificCoast Guard Logistic Suppon <strong>and</strong> Mobilization PlanCoast Guard Air StationCoast Guard Auxiliary.cbannelCivilian Health <strong>and</strong> Medical Program for the UniformedsemcesNavy cargo h<strong>and</strong>ling battalionChief, Central Security Service ·cargo b<strong>and</strong>ing equipmentcbaDge <strong>of</strong> operational controlChemical Hazard Response Information SystemCharacteristics <strong>of</strong> Transportation ResourcesCharacteristiCs <strong>of</strong> Transponation Resources ReponJcounterintelligence; civilian interneesCentral Intelligence Agencycomm<strong>and</strong> intelligence arcbitecmre plancombat ·information center; content indicator code;communicatiom interface conttollerCriminal Investigation DivisionCriminal Investigation Division Comm<strong>and</strong>CINC Initiative F1mdCommunicatiODS Interface Groupcritical items listcargo increment DUJDbercomm<strong>and</strong>er <strong>of</strong> a combatam comm<strong>and</strong>; comm<strong>and</strong>er in chiefComm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, Air Forces AtlanticComm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, Army Forces AtlanticComm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, CombiDed Forces Comm<strong>and</strong>Allied Comm<strong>and</strong>er-in-Chief ChannelComm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, Atlantic FleetCINCs' networkCINC, North American Aerospace Defense Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, Pacific Air ForcesComm<strong>and</strong>er in Cbief, Pacific FleetComm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, United Nations Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er in Cbief, United States Atlantic Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er in Cbief, United States Air Force in EuropeCcmimauder in Cbief, United States Army, Europer\B-14
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BCINCUSNA VEURCIOCIPCIPSUCIRCIRMCIRVCIRVISCISCISOCJATFCJCSCJCSANCJCSICJDACJMAOCJTFCKTCLACLFCLGPCLIPSCLPSBCLSCLZCMCmCMCCmcCMDCMLCMOCMOSCMPCMSCMTSCMroCNCNASPCNCEComm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, Naval Forces EuropeCentral Imagery Officecommunications interface processorcommunications interface processor pseudo lineconrim•ing intelligence requirementInternational Radio-Medical Centercommon interswitch rekeying variablecommunications ~tructions for reporting vital intelligencesightiDgscommon item support; communications interface shelter;· Commonwealth <strong>of</strong> Independent Swescounter intelligence support <strong>of</strong>ficerComm<strong>and</strong>er, <strong>Joint</strong> Amphibious Task ForceChairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> StaffChairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff Alerting NetworkChairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff Instructioncritical joint duty assignmentChief, <strong>Joint</strong> Mortuary Affairs Officecomm<strong>and</strong>er, joint task force1circuitLCAC launch areacommaDder, JancUng force; combat logistics forcecannon-launched guided projectileCommunications Link IDterface PliDiling SystemCINC Logistic Procurement Support Boardcontractor logistic supportcushion l<strong>and</strong>ing zcmeChairman's Memoraudum; control modemmean coverage factorComm<strong>and</strong>ant <strong>of</strong> the Marine Corpsmidpoint compromise coverage factorcomm<strong>and</strong>CIP/message processor liDecivil-military operationscomplimentary metal-oxide semiconductorcommmdcations message processorCQIDIDJmjty management staff; crisis management system; cockpitmanagement systemcommentscartridge magnetic tape unitcoumemarcoticChairman's Net Assessment for Strategic Planningcommunications nodal control elementB-15
. .JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BCNGBCNOCNRFCNTYCNWDIcoCOACOBOLcocCOCOMCOECOGARDCOLDSCOLTCOMCOMAFFORCOMAFSOCCOMALFCOMARFORCOM CAMCOMCARGRUCOMCRUDESGRUCOMDESRONCOMCENCOMDCAEURCOMDT COGARDCOMDTINSTCOMIDEASTFOR. ·COMINEWARCOMCO MINTCOMJCSECOMJICCOMJSOTFCOMJTFCOMLANDFORCOMLANTAREACOGARDCOMLOGFORCO:MMCOMMARFORCOMMZCOMNAVCOMNAVAIRLANTChief, National Guard BureauChief <strong>of</strong> Naval OperationsComm<strong>and</strong>er, Naval Reserve Forcescountrycritical nuclear weapons design informationcomm<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong>ficercourse <strong>of</strong> actioncommon business-orieuted languagecombat operations centercombatant comm<strong>and</strong> (comm<strong>and</strong> authority)Army Corps <strong>of</strong> EngineersCoast Guardcargo <strong>of</strong>fload <strong>and</strong> discharge systemcombat observation aud lasing teamcollection operations management; comm<strong>and</strong>erComm<strong>and</strong>er, Air Force ForcesComm<strong>and</strong>er, Air Force Special Operations Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er Airlift ForceslComm<strong>and</strong>er, Army Forcescombat cameraComm<strong>and</strong>er, Canier GroupComm<strong>and</strong>er, Cruiser Destroyer GroupComm<strong>and</strong>er Destroyer Squadroncommunicatioas c:emerComm<strong>and</strong>er, Defense Communications Agency EuropeComm<strong>and</strong>ant, United States Coast GuardCommanctam, United States Coast Guard IDsuuctionComm<strong>and</strong>er, Middle East ForcesComm<strong>and</strong>er, Mine Warfare Comm<strong>and</strong>communications imelligenceComm<strong>and</strong>er, <strong>Joint</strong> Communications Suppon ElementComm<strong>and</strong>er, <strong>Joint</strong> IDtelligence CenterComm<strong>and</strong>er, <strong>Joint</strong> Special Operations Task ForceConnn<strong>and</strong>er, joint task forceComm<strong>and</strong>er, l<strong>and</strong> forcesComm<strong>and</strong>er, Coast Guard Atlantic AreaCombat Logistics ForceCcmmnmicatioDSComm<strong>and</strong>er, Marine Forcescommunicadoas zoneCommittee for European Airspace Coordination Working Groupon Communications <strong>and</strong> Navigation AidsComm<strong>and</strong>er, Naval Air Force, Atlantic.0.B-16
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BCOMNAV AIRPACCOMNAVCOMTELCOMCOMNAVFORCOMNAVSEASYSCOMCOMNAVSECGRPCOMNAVSURFLANTCOMNAVSURFPACCOMPCOMPACAREACOGARDCOMPLANCOMPUSECCOMSATCOMSCCOMSECCOMSOCCENTCOMSOCEURCOMSOCLANTCOMSOCSOUTBCOMSOCPACCOMSOFCOMSTATCOMSUBLANTCOMSUBPACCOMSUPNAVFORCOMTACCOMUSARCENTCOMUSCENTAFCOMUSFORAZCOMICEDEFORCOMUSJCO MUSKCOMUSMARCENTCOMUSNAVCENTCONEXPLANCONOPSCONPLANCONUSComm<strong>and</strong>er, Naval Air Force, PacificComm<strong>and</strong>er, Naval Computer <strong>and</strong> TelecommunicationsComm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er, Naval ForcesComm<strong>and</strong>er, Naval Sea Systems Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er, United States Navy Security GroupComm<strong>and</strong>er, Naval Surface Force, AtlanticComm<strong>and</strong>er, Naval Surface Force, PacificcomponentComm<strong>and</strong>er, Coast Guard Pacific AreaCommunications plancomputer securitycommunications satelliteComm<strong>and</strong>er, <strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong>communications securityComm<strong>and</strong>er, Special Operations Comm<strong>and</strong>, United StatesCentral Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er, Special Operations Comm<strong>and</strong>, United StatesEuropean Comm<strong>and</strong> ~Comm<strong>and</strong>er Special Operations Comm<strong>and</strong>, United States ~Atlamic Comm<strong>and</strong> ~Comm<strong>and</strong>er Special Operations Comm<strong>and</strong>, United StatesSouthern Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er Special Operations Comm<strong>and</strong>, United States PacificComm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er, Special Operations Forcescommunications swusComm<strong>and</strong>er Submarine Force, United States Atlamic FleetComm<strong>and</strong>er Submarine Force, United States Pacific FleetComm<strong>and</strong>er, Supporting Naval Forcestactical connmmicationsComm<strong>and</strong>er, United States Army Forces, Central Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er, United States Air Force, Central Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er United States Forces AzoresComm<strong>and</strong>er United States Forces Icel<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er United States Forces JapanComm<strong>and</strong>er United States Forces KoreaComm<strong>and</strong>er, United States Marine Forces, Central Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er, United Swes Navy, Central Comm<strong>and</strong>contingency <strong>and</strong> exercise planconcept <strong>of</strong> operationsoperation plan in concept formatcontinental United Swes.eB-17
JoiDt .<strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BCONUSACOOPCOPScosCOSCOMCOSMICCOSPASCOTCOTPCOTScoucoUDter C3CPCP&ICPACPECPFLCPGCPICPMCPOCPRCPSCPUCPXCR-UAVCRACRAFCRAMCRBCRCCRCCCRDCRFCRICRIFCRITICCRITICOMMCRMContinental United States Armycontinuity <strong>of</strong> operations planCommunications Operational Planning Systemcritical occupational specialtycorps suppon comm<strong>and</strong>Nonh Atlamic Treaty Organization (NATO) security categorycosmicheskaya sistyema poiska avariynch sudov - spacesystem for search <strong>of</strong>. distressed vessels (Russian satellitesystem)comm<strong>and</strong>ing <strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong> troopscapuiin <strong>of</strong> the poncargo <strong>of</strong>tload <strong>and</strong> transfer system; commercial-<strong>of</strong>f-the-shelfcable orderwire unitcounter Comm<strong>and</strong>, control, <strong>and</strong> communications countermeasurescomm<strong>and</strong> postcoastal patrol <strong>and</strong> interdictionCbairman's Program Assessment; closest point <strong>of</strong> approachcustomer premise equipmentcontingency planning facilities listContingency Plaaning Guidance; central processor groupcrash position indicatorCivilian Perscmnel Manualchief petty <strong>of</strong>ficer; complete provisions onlycardiopulmonary resuscitationcbaracters per secondcemral processing unitcomm<strong>and</strong> post exerciseclose-range unmaiiiHd aerial vehiclecoordiDatiDg review authority; comm<strong>and</strong> relationships agreementCivil Reserve Air Fleetcontrol raDdom access memoryconfiguration review boardcontrol aDd reporting center, circuit routing chart; CONUSreplacement centercombat rubber raiding craftCo1111'03Ddet in Chiers (CINC's) required delivery dalechannel reassignment functioncollective RICargo Routing Information Filecritical information; critical imelligence communication; criticalmessage (intelligence)Criticallmelligeuce Communications Systemcollection operations managememl(~B-18
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BCRSCRTCRTSCRYPI'OcsCSACSAASCSADRCSAFCSAMCSARCSAR3esccsccCSELCSGCSBCSICSIFCSIPGCSNPCSOACSNP(BE)CSNP(I)CSNP(SE)csoCSOBCSODCSPCSPARCSRcssCSSACSSEcswcrCI'FerGcoastal radio stationcathode ray tubecasualty receiving <strong>and</strong> treaanent shipcryptographiccombat support; call sign; coastal station; creeping linesingle-unit; controlled space; circuit switchChief <strong>of</strong> Staff, United States ArmyCombat Support Agency Assessment SystemCombat Support Agency Director's Repon~ef <strong>of</strong> Staff, United States Air Forcecomputer security for acquisition managerscombat search <strong>and</strong> rescueCombat Support Agency Responsiveness <strong>and</strong> Readiness Reportcreeping line single-unit coordinatedcoastal sea control comm<strong>and</strong>ercircuit switch select linecryptologic suppon group (NSA)combat suppon hospitalJcritical safety item; critical sustainability itemcommunications service industrial fundCircuit Switch Interface Planning Guidecauseway section, nonpoweredcombined special operations areacauseway section nonpowered (beach end)causeway section, nonpowered (intermediate)causeway section, nonpowered (sea end)communications suppon organizationcomm<strong>and</strong> systems operations branchcomm<strong>and</strong> systems operation divisioncommence search point; causeway section, powered; crisisstaffing procedures (JCS); cryptologic support package; callservice positionComm<strong>and</strong>er in Chiers (CINC's) Preparedness AssessmentReportComm<strong>and</strong>er in Chiefs (CINC's) Summary Reponcoordinator surface search; combat service suppon; centralsecurity service; communications subsystemcombat service suppon areacombat service suppon element (MAGTF)comparanem stowage worksheetcounterterrorism; communications terminal; control telemetrycombined task forcecomm<strong>and</strong>er' task groupB-19
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-G2Appendix BCTIDCTOCcucvCVBGCVISCCVNCVSDcweweCWPDCWRCYcommunications ttansmission idendfiercorp tactical operations centercubic capacity; common unitcurriculum vitae; carriercarrier battle groupcombat visual information support cemeraircraft carrier, nuclearcontinuous variable sloPe deltachemical warfare; continuous wave; carrier wavecomposite warfare comm<strong>and</strong>erConventional War PlaDs Division, Joial Staff (J-7)calm water rampcalendar year(\IDDd)).dayD/AD/CDADaDA&MDAADACBDACMDADCAPDAMADANDAODARDARPADARTDASDAS3DASADASCtotal drift. clarasurface driftunnamed day on wbich operatiODS commence or are scheduled toCQD II IIOCdigital-to-analogdowaconvenerDepanmem <strong>of</strong> Army; data admiuisttalor; direct action; dataadapteraerospace driftDirector <strong>of</strong> Administration md Mamgememdesignated approviDg authority; display alternate area routinglistsdata adapter control blockdata adapter control modedawn <strong>and</strong> dusk combat air pattoldem<strong>and</strong> assigoed multiple accessDiver's Alert Networkdepanment/agency/organizationdistortion adaptive receiverDefeuse Advanced Research Projeccs Agew::ydisaster assistaDce response teamdirect access subscriber; direct air supportdecenrralized automaled service support systemDepanmem <strong>of</strong> tbe Army (DA) staff qeuciesdirect air support cemerJ(\B-20(\,
i. ,i;.}/.f\;·~;~ <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lAppendix BDASC-ADASPS-EDASSSDATDATI'DATUdBDBAelBADBGDBIciBmciBmCodBmODBMSDBOF-TdBrDCDC/S forRADCADCAADCCDCCCDCCEPDCCLRDCIDCIDDCMDCMCDCNODCODCPADCPGDCSDCSCUDCSLOGDCSOPSDCSPERDCTNDDdirect air suppon center airborneDepartment <strong>of</strong> the Army St<strong>and</strong>ard Pon System-Enhanceddecentralized automated service suppon systemdeployment action itemDefense Attachedata adapter termination unitdecibeldata base adminisUatornoise measurement unitdata base generationdefense budget issuedecibels referred to 1 milliwatt; decibel millivoltsdecibels referred to 1 milliwatt, C-messagenoise power in dbm at a point <strong>of</strong> zero relative transmissionleveldata base management systemdefense bUsiness operations fund-transponationdecibels· level referencedirect current; Depuuties CommitteeDeputy Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff for Reserve Affairsdefensive counterairDefense Contract Audit Agencydamage control centerdefense collection coordination cemerDevelopiDg CoUDtty Combined Exercise Programdirect current closure adapterDirector <strong>of</strong> Cemrallmelligence; dual channel iDterchangeDirector <strong>of</strong> Cemrallmelligencedata channel multiplexerOffice <strong>of</strong> Deputy Chairman, <strong>Military</strong> CommitteeDeputy Chief <strong>of</strong> Naval Operationsdial central <strong>of</strong>ficeDefense Civil PreparedDess Agencydigital clock pulse generatorDefense Communications System; Defense Courier Service;digital computer systemdual capability servo comrol unitDeputy Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff for Logistics, US ArmyDeputy Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff for Operations <strong>and</strong> Plans, United StatesArmyDeputy Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff for PersoDilel, United States ArmyDefense Commercial Telecommunications Networkuvy destroyerB-21
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BDDADDGDDIDDMDDNDOODDR&EDDSDEDedede maxde miDde mjnjmaxDEAcleaDEARASDeC ADECLDEFCONDEFSMACDEMARCDEMUXDEPDEPCJTFDEPMEDSDepOpsDepsDESCOMDESTDETDETRESFADEWDFDFEDFMDFRIEDFRIMEDFSCDFSPDFTDGDGMDesignated Development Activityguided missile desttoyerDeputy Director <strong>of</strong> Intelligence (CIA)digital data modemDefense Data NetworkDirector <strong>of</strong> Operations (CIA)Director <strong>of</strong> Defense Research <strong>and</strong> Engineeringdry deck shelter; DefenSe Dissemination Systemdirected energy; delay equalizertotal drift errorindividual drift errormaximum drift errorminimum drift errorminimax drift errorDrug Enforcement Administrationaerospace drift errorDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense (<strong>DOD</strong>) Emergency Authorities RetrievalaDd Analysis System :Defense Commissary Agencydeclassifydefense readiness conditionDefense Special Missile <strong>and</strong> Astronautics CenterdemarcationdemultiplexdeployedDeputy CommaDder, <strong>Joint</strong> Task Forcedeployable medical systemSService Deputy Operations Deputies. Depot System Comm<strong>and</strong> (Army)destination (GELOC)detachment; detaineedistress phase OCAO)directed-energy warfareDirection FiDding; disposition form; dispersion factordivision force equivalentdeterrent force moduleDefense Fuel Region, EuropeDefeme Fuel Region, Middle EastDefense Fuel Supply CenterDefense Fuel Suppon Pointdeployment for trainingdefense guidancedigital group multiplexB-22
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lAppendix BDGZDHHSDIADIACDIAMDIARDIBITSDIBTSDICODIDBSDIGDILPADINDINETDIPCDIPGMDIRLAUTBDIRMDIRMOBFORDIRNSADISDISADISANMOCDISC OMDISGMDISNDISUMDJSDJSMDLADLARDLEDDLPMADLQDLRDLSADLTMDLTUDMADMABTDMAINSTdesired ground zeroDepartment <strong>of</strong> Health <strong>and</strong> Human ServicesDefense Intelligence AgencyDefense Intelligence Analysis CenterDefense Intelligence Agency Memor<strong>and</strong>um; Defense IntelligenceAgency rManualDefense lnteUigence Agency (DIA) Regulationdigital in-b<strong>and</strong> ~rswitcb trunk signalingdigital in-b<strong>and</strong> trunk signalingData Information Coordination Office. Deployable Intelligence Data H<strong>and</strong>ling Systemdigitaldipbase loop modem-Adefense intelligence noticeDefense Industrial NetDefense Industrial Plant Equipment Centerdipbase supergroup modemdirect liaison authorizedDirectorate for Information <strong>and</strong> Resource ManagementDirector <strong>of</strong> Mobilization ForcesDirector, National Security AgencyDefense Investigative ServiceDefense Information Systems AgencyDefense Information Systems Agency Network Management <strong>and</strong>Operatious Centerdivision suppon comm<strong>and</strong> (Army)dipbase supergroupDefense Information Systems Networkdaily intelligence summaryDirector, Joial StaffDirector, Joial Staff, memor<strong>and</strong>umDefeme Logistics AgencyDefeuse Logistics Agency Regulationdedicated loop encryption devicedipbase loop modem Adeck l<strong>and</strong>ing qualificationdepot-level repairableDefense Legal Services Agencydigital line termination moduledigital line termination unitDefense Mapping AgencyDefeuse Mapping Agency Hydrographic Topographic CenterDefense Mapping Agency Instruction.eB-23
Joillt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-G2Appendix BdmaxDMBDMCDMDDMEdminDMLDMODMPIDMOSDMRDDMRISDMSDMSOsDMSPDMSSCDMUDNDNADNBIDNVTDNY<strong>DOD</strong>OADOCDOCDIVDOCEX<strong>DOD</strong><strong>DOD</strong>AAC<strong>DOD</strong>D<strong>DOD</strong>DS<strong>DOD</strong> EX<strong>DOD</strong> I<strong>DOD</strong>ICDO DID<strong>DOD</strong>DSDOJ).JJC<strong>DOD</strong>MDOEDOlDOJmaximum drift distancedatum marker buoydata mode controldigital message devicedistance measuring equipmentminimum drift distancedata manipulation languagedirectory maintenance <strong>of</strong>ficialdesignated mean point <strong>of</strong> impactduty ·military occupational specialtydefense management resource decisionDefense Medical Regu1atiDg Information SystemDefense Meteorological System; Defeuse Message Systemdirectors <strong>of</strong> major staff <strong>of</strong>ficesDefense Meteorological Satellite ProgramDefense Medical System Suppon Centerdisk memory unitdigital nonsecureDefense Nuclear. Agency .disease <strong>and</strong> nonbattle injurydigital nonsecure voice termiDaldisplay area code (NYX) routiugAir Force component operations <strong>of</strong>ficer (staff)dead on arrivalDepartment <strong>of</strong> CoJDDJm:eDocmnents Divisiondocnment exploitationDepartment <strong>of</strong> DefeaseDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense activity address codeDepartment <strong>of</strong> DefeDse DirectiveDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defeuse DepeDdeDl SchoolsDeparanem <strong>of</strong> Defense Intelligence System Information SystemExtensionDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense InstructionDepanment <strong>of</strong> Defense identificalion codeDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense Intelligence DigestDeparanem <strong>of</strong> Defeuse.lmelligence Information SystemDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense Joim lmelligence Centerdata onlerwire dipbase modemDepanment <strong>of</strong> EnergyDepanment <strong>of</strong> lmerior; Defense Special SecurityCommunications System (DSSCS) OperatiDg IDstructionsDepartment <strong>of</strong> Justice~·(\IB-24
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appelldis BDOLDOMDOMSDONDOSDOTDOWDOYDPdpDPGDPLSMDPPDPRDPRBDPSDPSCDPSEDRDRBDRe.DRMODRTDRTCDSDSADSAADSARDSBDSCDSCSDSCSOCDSDIDSGDSLDSMACDSNDSNETDSNET-2DSNET-3DSPDSPLDSSCSDepanmem <strong>of</strong> Laborday-<strong>of</strong>-IDOIIdlDilector <strong>of</strong> Mi1italy SupponDepanmem <strong>of</strong> tbe NavyDepanmem <strong>of</strong> State; disk operatiDg system; clay <strong>of</strong> supplyDepanmem <strong>of</strong> Tramponationdied <strong>of</strong> WOUDds; Dala Orderwireday-<strong>of</strong>-yearAir Force compoaem plaDs <strong>of</strong>ficer (staff)paracbule driftDefease Planning Guidancectipulse poup modemDistributed Production Propam; dala paiCb paaeldisplay NN routiDgDefease Planning aDd Resources Boarddala processing systemDefease Personnel Suppon Cearerdifferemial phase shift keyiDgdead rec:kolling; cfisital receiverDefease Resources Boarddead reckoning errorDefease Rendlimion MartedD8 Officedead nctnning tracerclaiptted reponiDg teclmical c:omrolclocttiDe lpODSOI'defease special assmsment (DIA)Defease Security AssistaDCe Ap:DI:yDefease Supply Ap:DI:y Replationcfisital iD-baDd tnmt sipling (DIBTS) signaliq bufferctipa1 selective calliDaDefease SateDile Qmpmmjc:atiom SystemDefease Satell• Ommmicaricms System operatiom cemerctipa1 simple dala imerfacectipa1 sipal paeraiOrdisplay IWiu:b locator (SL) IOIIdDgdisital sc:eae-matc=hing Ilea conelatiODDefease Switched NetworkDefease Secure NetworkDefease Secure Network-2Defease Secure Networt-3Defease Suppon PmpamDisplay System Propa•• .. •+ing LanguageDefease Special Security Qmmmicatiom SystemB-25
Joiat Pab~l.aAppeadtx BDSSODSTPDSTRDSVTDTEDTEDDTGDTMFDTMRDTODTSDUSDP·DVITSDVOWDWI'DXDZDZST--Dm sysreiD Support OrpDizaticm; clefeDse systems support.·orpniurionDinccor <strong>of</strong>·Strarolic Tget Planning. destroydipaJ subscriber voic:e.·.termiDal·clara termiDal equipaleatdipal tcmiD elevalicm datadale-dme "poup; cliPal cnmt poup (digital tnmmissionpoup)dual ume multi-flegueDcyDefease" Traflic MaDapmeat Reguladondivision II'IIISpOrtltio <strong>of</strong>ficeDefeDse TIIIISpOttltiOD System; Diplomatic Teleco•••nnmicatiODSService .Deputy UDder· Secreruy <strong>of</strong> Defcase for PolicyDjpal Video Jmqery TnnsmissioD S)'StCIIlcliPa1 voice orderwile .dadweiJbt toDDipdirect ezcbanpdrop zoaedrop zoae suppan 1amE·E13Eld)CpUEElcM~ARTSE-UAVEA-EACEADEALTEAMEAPEAP.c.JCS. .10111 probable aror ~ .... _elecaaru.....,c.eavironnca••J effeccsEvalualioD .Dd·· Dila CoDec:tiOD PlaD. ~-,,,_.. llld cc ~~ aipaliDg ladsED Rome ;,Auramatrd Radal Tnctma Systc111eaduiiDce ··•···•"• aerial w:bic1eelecUODic aaact. eDCurive wjstpnteaCb . :emezJeQcy aCticm Cm.o~e: ecbeloas above corpsareaded acdve ·c11ity; EVIluatioa IDd Aaalysis Division; earliest. arrival·.dlle·~ <strong>of</strong> clebarbtiOD .earliest amicq,lred lauach lime~eucy ~ ......-.·~ .:Ocm procedures, "·Emeqeacy 'Action Proc:eidures <strong>of</strong> tbe Cbairman <strong>of</strong> tbe JoiDtQliefs <strong>of</strong> Staff.f'\'I
~' ' ; . . .<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appeadix BEBCDICECECACECCMECMECNECPECU. EDEDCEDDEEEEBDEEDEEFIEElEEPROMEFrOERFEIAELBAELCASELECTR().()PI'INTELINTELPPELR.ELSECELTELVAEMCEM CONEMEEMIEMPEMR HazardsEMSEMSECEMTEMVEND EXEOEO-IREOBExtended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Codeelectronic combat; error control; European ConununityElectromagnetic Compatibility Analysis Centerelectronic counter-countermeasureselectronic countermeasuresMinimum Essential Emergency Communications Networkengineering change proposal; emergency comm<strong>and</strong> precedenceenvironmental control unitevaluation directive; envelope delayestimated date <strong>of</strong> completion <strong>of</strong> loading at POEearliest delivery date. emergency establishmentemergency escape breathing deviceelectro-explosive deviceessential elements <strong>of</strong> friendly informationessential elements <strong>of</strong> infonnationelectronic erasable programmable read-only memoryencrypt for transmission onlyextremely high frequencyElectronic ln4ustries Associationemergency location beaconelevated causeway systemelectro-optical intelligenceelectronics intelligenceequal level patch panel .extra-long-range aircraftelectronic securityemergency locator transmitteremergency low visibility approachelectromagnetic compatibilityemission comrolelectromagnetic environmentelectromagnetic interfaceelectromagnetic pulseelectromagnetic radiation hazardsemergency medical servicesemanations securityemergency medical technicianelectromagnetic wlnerabilityexercise tenninationend <strong>of</strong>fice; electro-optical; eyes onlyelectro-optical-infraredenemy order <strong>of</strong> battle; electronic order <strong>of</strong> battleB-27
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-82Appendix BEODEOLEOMEOPEOW.. EPEPBXEPDSEPIRBEPROMEPWESESDESFESMESOESTETAETACETDETDETIETICETPLETSETSSETXEUBEURVEUSCEWEW/GCIEWCEWCSEWIREWOEX COMEXORDEXPLANEZexplosive ordnance disposalend <strong>of</strong>liDkeDd <strong>of</strong> messageemergency operating procedures·engineering orderwireelectronic protection; execution planningelectronic private branch exchangeElectronic Processing <strong>and</strong> Dissemination Systememergency position-indicating radio beaconerasable programmable read only memoryenemy prisoner <strong>of</strong> warelectronic warfare supportElectronics Systems DivisionEconomic Support F1mdelectronic warfare support measures; electronic surve~measuresembarkation staff <strong>of</strong>ficeremergency service teamestimated time <strong>of</strong> arrivalemergency tactical air comrolestimated time <strong>of</strong> departureelectronic transfer deviceestimated time <strong>of</strong> imercept. estimated time for completioneudorsed TEMPEST products listEuropean Telephone SystemexteDded traiDiDg service specialistend<strong>of</strong>text· essemiaJ user bypassessential user rekeyiDg variableeffective United States comroUecl shippingelectronic warfare; early warningearly warning/grouud-comroUecl interceptelectronic warfare coordinatorelectronic warfare conttol shipelectronic warfare integraled reprogrammingelectronic warfare <strong>of</strong>ficerexteDded communications searchexecute orderexercise planexttaction zoneI~B-28I~
-.. , •:,; , J. ~ , ,:• , . , ·• •r ~1 • ••·FF-hourFIVFAFAAFACFAC(A)FACSFACFADFAEFAPESFARFARPFASCAMFAXFBIFCFCCFerFDAFDBMFDCFDESCFDLFDLPFDMFDOFDRIFAFDSFDSLFDSSFDSSSFDULFDXFEBAFECFED-STDFEK' ·
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix B·FEMAFEPFEUFEWSFEZFFFfFFEFFGFFRFFR-netFFHT-netFFI'UFGMDSSFICFIDFIDAFFIEFIFOFIRFIR CAPF1SFISTFISINTFISSFISTFIXeFLARFLIPFLIRFLO/FLOFLOLSFLOTFLSFLTCINCFLTSATFLTSATCOMFMFMA-netFMASFMCCFederal Emergency Management Agencyfleet satellite (FL TSA n extremely high frequency (EHF)packagefony-foot equivalent unitFollow-on Early Warning Systemfighter engagement zouenavy fast frigatefatigue correction factorflame field expedientsguided missile frigatefast frequency hoppingfast-frequency-hopping netfast-frequency-hopping training netforward freight terminal unitFuture Global Maritime Distress aDd Safety Systemforce indicator .codeforeign imemal defenseforeign intemal defense augmentation forcefly-in echelonfirst-in-first~utflight information region; first-impressions reportforeign· iDtelligeuce requirements capabilities aud prioritiesFlight Information ServiceFleet imagery support terminal; fire support teamforeign iDstrumentation sipals intelligenceForeign Intelligence SecUrity Servicefire support teamnavigational fix errorforward-looking airborne radarFlight Information <strong>Pub</strong>lication; flight imtruction proceduresforward-looking infrared radarfloat-em/float-<strong>of</strong>ffresnel lens optical l<strong>and</strong>ing systemforward line <strong>of</strong> own troopsnaval forward logistic sitefleet comm<strong>and</strong>er in chieffleet satellitefleet satellite communicationsflare multiUnit; frequency modulalion; functional manager;force module(s); field mamJalfrequency mauagement A-netforeign media analysis subsystemforce movement control centerB-30
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BFMCRFMFFMFMFMFPFMFRPFMIDFMOFMPFMSFMT-netFNOCFNSFOFOBFOCFODFOIFOIUFOLFORSCOMFORST ATFOUOFOVFPCFPMFPOFRFRAGFREQFROG. FRNFSfsFSAFSBFSCFSCCFSCLFSEFSKFSNFSOFSSFleet Marine Corps ReserveFleet Marine ForceFleet Marine Force Manualforeign military financing programFleet Marine Force Reference <strong>Pub</strong>licationforce module identifierFrequency Management Officeforce module packageforeign military sales; force module· subsyst~frequency management training net ·Fleet Numerical Oceanographic Comm<strong>and</strong>foreign nation supportforward observer; flash override; fiber opticforward operations basefull operational capability· foreign object damagefault detection isolationfiber optic· interface unitforward operating locationUnited States Army Forces Comm<strong>and</strong>Force Status <strong>and</strong> Identity Reponfor <strong>of</strong>ficial use onlyfield <strong>of</strong> viewfield press censorshipFederal Personnel ManualFleet Post Officefilial report; frequency responseflagmentation codefrequencyflee rocket over grouodforce requiremeDt numberfile server; flare single-unit; fighter squadron; file separatorsearch radius safety factorfire support areaforward stagiDg reportfire support coordinatorfire support coordination centerfire support coordination linefire support elementfrequency shift byforeign service nationalfire support <strong>of</strong>ficerf1igbt service station; fast sealift shipsB-31
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BFSSGFSWftFI'CFI'RGFI'SFrXFUACFvFWFWDFYFYDPforce service suppon group (Marine air-ground task force)feet <strong>of</strong> seawaterfoot; feetFederal Trade CommissionFleet Tactical Readiness GroupFederal Telecommunications System; Federal Telephone Service;file transfer servicefield training exercisefunctional area codeaircraft speed correction factorweather correction factor; fighter wingforwardfiscal yearFive Year Defense Program; future years defense programGG-1G-2G-3G/AGIVLLDGAGAAGBGCGC3AGC4AGCEGCIGCRIArmy or Marine Corps component manpower or personnel statr<strong>of</strong>ficer (Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps brigadeor higher staff)Army or Marine Corps component intelligence staff <strong>of</strong>ficer(Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps brigade orhigher staff)Army or Marine Corps component operations staff <strong>of</strong>ficer(Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps brigade orhigher staff)Army or Marine Corps component logistics staff <strong>of</strong>ficer(Army division or higher staff, Marine Corps brigade orhigher staff)grouud to airgroUDdlvehicle laser locator designatorTabun, a nerve agentgeneral agency agreementgroup buffer; Sarin, a nerve agentGeaeva Conventionglobal comm<strong>and</strong>, control, <strong>and</strong> communications assessmentglobal commaud, control, coDUJlunications, <strong>and</strong> computerassesgnenrgrouud combat element (MAGTF)grouud control interceptgeneral collective routing indicator (RI)r0. B-32
.. ·': '• ~: ' .'', l:·· ·_ :~ .:·:.·" ,i .<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BGCSGDGDIPGDIPPGDPGDSSGENSERGENTEXTGEOCODEGEOCODESGEOFILEGEOLOCGEOREFGFGFEGFOARGFUGBzGICGMGMDGMDSSGMFGMIGMR·GMTGOCOGOESGOSGOSGGPGPD.GPEEGPMDMGPSGSGSAGSEGSIGSMGSRGRCA ·ground control swionSoman, a nerve agentGeneral Defense Intelligence ProgramGeneral Defense Intelligence Proposed ProgramGeneral Defense Plan (SACEUR)Global Decision Support Systemgeneral service (message)general textgeographic codegeographic codesgeolocation code file; st<strong>and</strong>ard specified geographic locationfilegeographic location codegeographic referencea nerve agentgovernment furnished equipmentGlobal Family <strong>of</strong> OPLANs Assessment Reportgroup framing unitgigahertzgabarit international de cbargement (international loading gauge)groupmoo~· :group mux/demuxGlobal Maritime Distress <strong>and</strong> Safety Systemground mobile forcesgeneral miliwy intelligencegraduated mobilization responseGreenwich Mean Timegovernment owned contractor operatedgeostationary operational enviromnental satellitegrade <strong>of</strong> servicegeneral <strong>of</strong>ficer steering groupgroupgallons Per daygeneral purpose encryption equipmentgroupmooemglobal positioning systemground speed; general support; group separatorGeneral Services Administrationground support equipmentglide slope indicatorground swion moduleground surveillance radarground .reference coverage areaB-33
. IJoblt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-82Appeaclix BgtGTLGTNGSMGWGWCgross toosgun-target lineGlobal Transponation NetworkgroUDd sWion moduleguerrilla warfareglobal weather cemralHH&lH-hourBAHACBABOHALOHARMRAZHBRCAHCOHCPHCSBDBDCBDPLXBEBEATBECDEFOEHEL-RHEL-LHEL-MBELOHEMPHEM1TBERFHEROBERPBETharassing aud interdictingspecific time an operation or exercise begins; seaborne assaultl<strong>and</strong>ing hourbnmanjwian assistancehelicopter aircraft comm<strong>and</strong>erhigh-altitude high-opening parachute techniquehigh-altitude low-opening parachute techniquehigh-speed ami-radiation missilehazardous cargoheavy boat. bnrnanjwian aDd civic assistancehelicopter comrol <strong>of</strong>ficerhardcopy primerhelicopter coordiDation section; helicopter control stationharmonic distortion; a mustard agenthelicopter direction center; barbor defense comm<strong>and</strong>er ·half duplexhigh explosiveshigh explosive antitankhelicopter employment coordinatorhydraulic electrical fuel oxygen engineheavy helicopterlight heli . cop termedium helicopterhelicopterhigh-altitude electromagnetic pulseheavy exp<strong>and</strong>ed mobile tactical uuckhazards <strong>of</strong> electromagnetic radiation to fuelelecttomapetic radiation hazards; hazards <strong>of</strong> electromagneticradiation to ordnance-hazards <strong>of</strong> electromagnetic radiation to personnelheavy equipment transponer..B-34.0
JoiDl <strong>Pub</strong> 1-G2Appendix BBFBFDFBBHI CAPBIDACZBIFRBIMEZBIRSSBJBLPSBLZBMMWVBMWBNBNSBOBBOGEBOISBOSTACBOTPIIOTOREPBPABPMSKBQBQCOMDTBQDABQFM-netBQFMT-netBQMCIIRSBRTBSBSBBSCBSCDMBSEPBSPRBSSBSSDBBSTBTBUBUDhigh frequency·high frequency direction-findinghoming patternhigh-capacity firefighting foam stationhigh-density airspace control zonehelicopter in-flight refuelinghigh-altitude missile engagement zonehover infrared suppressor subsystemcrypto key changeheavy-lift preposition shiphdicopter J<strong>and</strong>ing zonehigh mobility multipurpose wheeled vehiclehealth, morale, <strong>and</strong> welfarehost nationhost nation supportheight <strong>of</strong> bursthover out <strong>of</strong> groUDd effecthostile intelligence servicehelicopter operatious from ships other tban aircraft caniers(USN publication)hot photo interpretation reporthigh. power amplifierhigh priority mission support kitheadquarters; HAVE QUICKheadquarters comm<strong>and</strong>antHeadquarters, Depanmem <strong>of</strong> the ArmyHAVE QUICK Frequency Modulalion aetHAVE QUICK Frequency Modulalion training netH-dftltetl't- ~~-g MariDe Co _rpshorizon reference systemhostage rescue teambomiDg single-uuithigh speed boatHealth Services Comm<strong>and</strong>high speed cable driver modemHospital Surgical Expansion Package (USAF)high speed pulse restorerhealth service supporthigh speed serial data bufferhelicopter suppon teamhatch teamhospital unitheads-up display
JobdPab 1~Appendix BmJMINTBUSBVAAHWMHzhuman intelligence; human resources intelligencehardened unique storagehigh value airborne assetshigh w•r markhertzIII&WliBvolAIADBlADSlAPIATACSlAWmMICI CADICAOICBMICECONICEDEFORISMMPICNI CODICONICPICRCICRIICSICSARICUmmADmBiDdividual; jmmediareindication aDd warninginboardinput/outputinitial assessmentInter-American Defense Boardlmegrated Air Defense Systemimematioual airportImproved Army Tactical Communications Systemin accordance withIDtematioaal Business MachinesiDcideDt comm<strong>and</strong>er; interceptiDdividual ccmcem 8Dd deficiencyIDrematioaal CivU Aviation OrganizationiDtercontiDemal ballistic missilecontrol <strong>of</strong> ice iDformationUDitecl States Forces lcelaDdlmegrated CONUS Medical Mobilization Planidle channel noiseiDtelligence cut<strong>of</strong>f dataimagery CQIDIDimicatioDS aod operations node; intermediatecoordination nodeiDcideDt control point; inventory control point; lntertheaterCommunicatiODS Security (COMSEC) Packagelntemadonal Committee <strong>of</strong> the Red Crossimerswitcb collective routing iDdicator (RI)iDiemal COIDIDUDications system; iDciclent comm<strong>and</strong> system;Utter-Service chaplain supponinteragency committee on search aDd rescueilllerface control unitidentificationintemal defense aDd developmeutimegrated data base(\\
. .. ~ ~ • I..•IDCA·mnFIDFIDBSIDSmsslEDIELIEMATSIESD'IFFIFF/SIFIFFNIFRIGIGPSIGSMIBADSSliPDRUC3SUC3SIMAIMCIMETIMINTIMLTUIMOIMOSARIMPIMSIMUININCERFAINCNRINDINFINFOSEClNGINIDINMARSAT·~ -.~-<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BInternational Development Cooperation Agencyintermediate data distribution facilityintermediate distribution frameIntelligence Data H<strong>and</strong>ling Systeminterface design st<strong>and</strong>ards; intrusion detection systemInteroperability Decision Suppon Systemimproved explosives devicesillustrative evaluation scenarioImproved Emergency Message Automatic Transmission System~ery Exploitation System ,uttennediate frequencyidentification, friend or foeidentification, friend or foe/selective identification featureidentification, friend, foe, or neuttalinstrument flight rulesinspector generalglobal positioning systeminterim ground station module (JST ARS)Integrated Helmet <strong>and</strong> display Sight System (Army)lnteroperability Improvement ProgramIntelligence Information Report; imaging infraredInitial <strong>Joint</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong>, Control Communications SystemIntegrated <strong>Joint</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control CoDDDunications Systemindividual mobilization augmenteeinstrument meteorological conditionsinternational military education <strong>and</strong> trainingimagery intelligenceintermatrix line termination unitInternational Maritime OrganizationIMO Search ind Rescue Manualimplemenwioninternational military staffintermatrix unitAir Force component intelligence <strong>of</strong>ficer (staff); instructor;impulse noiseuncertainty phase (ICAO)increment numberimprovised nuclear deviceinfantryinformation securityInactive National Guardintercept network in dialinginternational maritime satelliteB-37
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BINRINREQINSINSCOMINTACINTACSINTELSITSUMINTER COINTREPINTSUMINV10IOC10MIOUIPIPAIPBIPDSIPEIPLIPPIPSIPSPIRIRCIRDSIRINTIRRISISAISBISDBISEISOISOOISSA1STITAITAADITALDBureau <strong>of</strong> Intelligence <strong>and</strong> Research, Department <strong>of</strong> Stateinfonnation requestinertial navigation system; insert codeUnited States Army Intelligence <strong>and</strong> Security Comm<strong>and</strong>Individual Terrorism Awareness CourseIntegrated Tactical Communications Systemdaily intelligence summaryInternational Code <strong>of</strong> Signalsintelligence reportintelligence summaryinvalidinformation objectivesinitial operational capability; investigations operations centerinstallation, operation, <strong>and</strong> maintenanceinput/output unitinstructor pilot; initial point; initial positionintelligence production agencyintelligence preparation <strong>of</strong> the battlespaceInl<strong>and</strong> Petroleum Distribution System; Imagery Processing <strong>and</strong>Dissemination Systemindustrial plant equipmentintegrated priority listimpact point prediction; industrial preparedness programillustrative planning scenario; interoperability planning systemintelligence priorities for strategic planningiDfrared; information requirement; incident report; informationrate·lntematiooal Red CrossiDfrared detection setiDfrared intelligenceintegrated readiness report; individual ready reserveimerswitchinter-Service agreementintermediate staging baseintegrated satellite communications (SATCOM) databaseintelligence support elementImemational St<strong>and</strong>ards Organization; isolationInformation Security Oversight Officeinter-Service support agreementintegrated system test; interswitch trunkinternational telegraphic alphabetinst8llationlthe army authorization documentimproved tactical air-launched decoyB-38
·.,'. . .··if· c:,1~::•,;,~~i·t.~;~~H,}:1,;~~.';:~ .. ( <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>Appeadix BITARITFITUnvITW/AAIUWGIVSNIWGinternational traffic in arms regulation (coassembly)intelligence task force (DIA)International Telecommunications Unionin-transit visibilityintegrated tactical warning/attack assessmentinshore undersea warfare groupInitial Voice Switched NetworkInteragency Working. GroupJJ-1J-2J-3J-4J-5J-'J-7J-8J.CATJ-sEADJ-sTARSJAARSJAATJACC/CPJADOJADREPJAGJAIJAICJAIEGJAMPSJANAPJAOJAOCJAPOJATFJBPManpower <strong>and</strong> Personnel Directorate <strong>of</strong> a joint staffIntelligence Directorate <strong>of</strong> a joint staff; Intelligence Directorate,Joinl Staff, Defense Intelligence AgencyOperations Directorate <strong>of</strong> a joint staffLogistics Directorate <strong>of</strong> a joint staffPlaDs Directorate <strong>of</strong> a joint staff ~Comm<strong>and</strong>, Control, Cotmmmications, <strong>and</strong> Computer Sys~;Directorate <strong>of</strong> a joint staff•Operaticmal PlaDs aud lnteroperability Directorate, Joilll StaffDirector for Force Structure, Resource, <strong>and</strong> Assessment, <strong>Joint</strong>Staffjoint crisis action teamjoint suppression <strong>of</strong> eneiny air defenses<strong>Joint</strong> SurveillaDce Target Attack Radar System<strong>Joint</strong> After-Action Reporting Systemjoint air attack teamjoint airborne communications center/comm<strong>and</strong> postjoint air ~ operations<strong>Joint</strong> Resource Assessment Database ReportJudge Advocate Generaljoint administrative insttuctionjoiDt air imelligence center<strong>Joint</strong> Atomic Information Exc:bange GroupJINTACCS Automated Message Preparation System<strong>Joint</strong> Army, Navy, Air Force <strong>Pub</strong>licationjoint area <strong>of</strong> operatiODSjoint air operations centerjoint area petroleum <strong>of</strong>ficejoint amphibious task forceJoiDt Blood ProgramB-39
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appeactix BJBPOJCATJCCCJCCPJCEOIJCEWSJCGROJCLLJCMCJCMEBJCMECJCNJCSJCSCJCSEJCSMJCSSJDAJDALJDCJDDJDECJDISSJDSJDSSJDSSCJDWPJECGJELJEMJEPESJETDJEWCJEZJFACCJFASrJFCJFIPJFLCCJFMCCJFSOCCJFTR<strong>Joint</strong> Blood Program Officejoint crisis action teamjoint communications control center; joint combat cameracenterjoint casualty collection pointjoint communications-electronics operating instructionsjoint force comm<strong>and</strong>er's electronic warfare staffjoint central graves registration <strong>of</strong>ficejoint center for lessons learnedjoint crisis management capability<strong>Joint</strong> Civil-<strong>Military</strong> Engineering Boardjoint captured materiel exploitation center<strong>Joint</strong> CoDUDunications NetWork<strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staffjoint communications satellite center<strong>Joint</strong> Communications Suppon Element<strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff Memor<strong>and</strong>um<strong>Joint</strong> Communications Suppon Squadronjoint duty assignmentjoiDt duty assignment list<strong>Joint</strong> Doctrine Center; joint deployment community<strong>Joint</strong> DOctrine Divisionjoint document exploitation center<strong>Joint</strong> Deployable Intelligence Suppon System<strong>Joint</strong> Deployment SystemJoim Decision Support System<strong>Joint</strong> Data Systems Support Center<strong>Joint</strong> DoctriDe Working Partyjoint exercise control groUp<strong>Joint</strong> Electronic Libraryjoint exercise manual<strong>Joint</strong> Engineer Plmning aDd Execution System<strong>Joint</strong> Exercise aDd Training Division, <strong>Joint</strong> Staff (J-7)<strong>Joint</strong> Electronic Warfare Centerjoim engagement zonejoint force air component comm<strong>and</strong>er<strong>Joint</strong> Flow aDd ADalysis Systemjoim force CQJ'DID2JJderJapanese Facilities Improvement ProjectjoiDt force l<strong>and</strong> component comm<strong>and</strong>erjoim force maritime component comm<strong>and</strong>erjoim force special operations component comm<strong>and</strong>er<strong>Joint</strong> Federal Travel Regulationsr;_
JFUBJIBnc• JIEOJIEPJIFJILE•JlMPPJINTACCSnornor-MTFJIPCJLOTSJLRSAJMAOJMASJMCJMEDJMEM-80JMETJMETLJMNAJMOJMO(AIR)JMPJMPAJMPABJMRCJMROJMSWGJMTGJNOCCJOAJOCJOGSJOPESJOPESIRJOPESREP/<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix B<strong>Joint</strong> Facilities Utilization Board<strong>Joint</strong> Information Bureau<strong>Joint</strong> Intelligence Center<strong>Joint</strong> Interoperability Engineering Organization<strong>Joint</strong> Intelligence Estimate for Planning<strong>Joint</strong> Interrogation Facility<strong>Joint</strong> Intelligence Liaison Element (CIA)<strong>Joint</strong> Industrial Mobilization Planning Process<strong>Joint</strong> Interoperability <strong>of</strong> Tactical Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control Systemsjoint interface operational proceduresjoint interface operating procedures-message text formatsjoint imagery production complexjoint logistics over-the-shore<strong>Joint</strong> Long-Range Strategic Appraisal<strong>Joint</strong> Mortuary Affairs Office or Officer<strong>Joint</strong> Manpower Automation Systemjoint movement center; joint military comm<strong>and</strong><strong>Joint</strong> military Education Division, <strong>Joint</strong> Staff (J-7)<strong>Joint</strong> Munitions Effectiveness Manual-Special Operationsjoint mission essential task<strong>Joint</strong> Mission Essential Task List<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Military</strong> Net Assessmentjoint maritime operationsjoint maritime operations (air)<strong>Joint</strong> Manpower Program; <strong>Joint</strong> Manpower System<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Military</strong> Satellite Communications (MILSATCOM) PanelAdministrator ·<strong>Joint</strong> Materiel Priorities <strong>and</strong> Allocation Board<strong>Joint</strong> Mobile Relay CemerJoiDt Medical Regulating OfficeJoiDt Multi-Tactical Digital Information Link (Multi-T ADIL)StaDdards Working Group<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Military</strong> Terminology GroupJoiDt Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution System (JOPES)Network Operation Conttol Centerjoint operations area<strong>Joint</strong> Operations Center<strong>Joint</strong> Operation Graphics System<strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution System<strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution System IncidentReporting System<strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution System ReponingSystemB-41
JoJat <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appeadix BJOTSJPJPBJPDJPECJPERSTATJPOJPOCJPOTFJPOTGJRAJRACJRACOJRADSJRCJRCCJRFLJROC. JRSJRSCJRTCJRTOCJSJSAMJSCATJSCCJSCPJSOJSOAJSOACCJSOCJSOTFJSPDJSPDSAJSPSJSRJSTARSJTAJTAOJTAOOPDATJTBJTCB<strong>Joint</strong> Operational Tactical Systemjoint pub<strong>Joint</strong> Blood Programjoint planning document<strong>Joint</strong> Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution Communityjoint personnel status <strong>and</strong> casualty reportJoim Petroleum OfficeJoim Planning Orientation Coursejoint psychological operations task forcejoint psychological operations task groupjoim rear areajoint rear area coordinatorjoim rear area communications <strong>of</strong>ficer<strong>Joint</strong> Resource Assessment Data Systemjoint recmmaissance centerjoint reception coordination center; joint rescue coordinationcenterjoim restricted frequency list<strong>Joint</strong> Requirements Oversight Council<strong>Joint</strong> Reporting Structurejoint rescue sub-center<strong>Joint</strong> Readiness Training Centerjoint rear tactical operations center<strong>Joint</strong> Staff<strong>Joint</strong> Security Assistaoce Memor<strong>and</strong>um<strong>Joint</strong> Staff Crisis Action Team<strong>Joint</strong> Services CoordiDation CommitteeJoiDt Strategic Capabilities Planjoint specialty <strong>of</strong>ficer/joiDt specialistjoint special operatious areajoint special operations air component comm<strong>and</strong>erJoim Special OperatiODS CommaDdjoim special operatious task force<strong>Joint</strong> Strategic Planning Document<strong>Joint</strong> Strategic Pl•nning J>oaunent Supporting Analyses<strong>Joint</strong> Strategic Planning System<strong>Joint</strong> Strategy ReviewjoiDt surveillaDce, target attack radar systemjoint table <strong>of</strong> allowm:esjoiDt tactical air operations· joint tac:tica1 air operations data<strong>Joint</strong> TraDSpOrtation Board<strong>Joint</strong> Targeting Coordination Board(~
·' t ;:·· . •t: ',I~ ·~ ·~ .: ·~:, .. 2.: j~ .:{~;:. ;~~~ ;)~;j>;; \ ·i{ ~:,:<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lAppendix BJTCG-MEJTDJTFJTFBQJTFPmeJTIDSJTLJTMDJTRJTRBJTrPJTUJUB-MTFJUICJULLJULLSJUSMAGJVIDSJWCJWFCJWGJWICS<strong>Joint</strong> Technical Coordinating Group for Munitions Effectivenessjoint table <strong>of</strong> distributionjoint task forcejoint task force headquarters<strong>Joint</strong> Tactical Fusion Programjoint transponation intelligence center<strong>Joint</strong> Tactical Information Distribution Systemjoint target listjoint table <strong>of</strong> mobilization distribution; joint theater missiledefense<strong>Joint</strong> Travel Regulations<strong>Joint</strong> Telecommunication Resources Boardjoint tactics, techniques, <strong>and</strong> proceduresJapan telephone upgrade<strong>Joint</strong> User H<strong>and</strong>book-Message Text Fonnatsjoint unit identification code<strong>Joint</strong> Universal Lessons Learned (Report)<strong>Joint</strong> Universal Lessons Learned System<strong>Joint</strong> United States <strong>Military</strong> Advisory Group<strong>Joint</strong> Visual Integrated Display System<strong>Joint</strong> Warfare Center<strong>Joint</strong> Warfighting Centerjoint working group<strong>Joint</strong> Worldwide Intelligence Communications SystemKKALKAPPkbkbpsKEKKGkHzKIAkmKPktKTUKVGkey assets listKey Assets Protection Programkilo bitskilobits per secondkey encryption keykey generatorkilohertzkilled in actionkilometerkey pulseknot (nautical miles per hour); kiloton(s)Korea telephone upgradekey variable generator
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BkwKWOCkilowattkeyword-out-<strong>of</strong>-contextLLIL-bourLALACBLACVLADLAMPSLANLANTIRNLAOLARCLARC-'0LASHLASINTLATLAVlbLCLCACLCBLCCLCELCESLCMLCOLCPLCPLLCULCVPLDFLDILDOLDRlengthsearch subarea lengthspec~c hour on C-day at which a deployment operationcommences or is to coDDDencelead agent; loop key generator (LKG) adapter; line amplifierlightweight amphibious container h<strong>and</strong>lerlighler, air cushioned vehiclelatest arrival dale at pon <strong>of</strong> debarkationLight Airborne Multipurpose System; helicopter)local area networklow-altitude navigation <strong>and</strong> targeting infrared for nightlimited attack optionlighter, amphibious resupply cargolighter, amphibious resupply cargolighter ·aboard shiplaser intelligencelatitudelight armored vehiclepoundlake currentl<strong>and</strong>ing ·craft air cushionline <strong>of</strong> constant bearingamphibious cormn<strong>and</strong> ship; lighterage control center; linkcommunications circuit; l<strong>and</strong> component comm<strong>and</strong>erlogistics capability estimatorline conditioning equipment scannerl<strong>and</strong>ing craft, mechanizedlighterage control <strong>of</strong>ficerlighterage control pointl<strong>and</strong>ing craft personnel Oarge)l<strong>and</strong>ing craft, utilityl<strong>and</strong>ing craft, vehicle, personnellightweight digital facsimileline driver interfacelaser designator operatorlow data rate.Q
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lAppendix BLDRSLEASATLEDLEDETLERTCONLESLETLFLFMLFORMLFSPLGLGBLGMLGWLHALBDLHT·LICLIMDISLKALKGLKPLLLGBLLTRLMLMAVLMFLNALNOLO/LOLOIROLOALOACLOALLOBLLOCLOCACCLODLOGAISLOGCAPLOGEXleadersleased satellitelight emitting diodeLaw Enforcement Detachment (USCG)alen conditionLincoln LaboratorieS Experimental Satellitelight equipment ttansponl<strong>and</strong>ing force; low frequencyL<strong>and</strong>ing Force Manuall<strong>and</strong>ing force operational reserve material~ing force suppon panydeputy chief <strong>of</strong> staff for logisticslaser-guided bomblaser-guided missile; loop group multiplexerlaser-guided weapongeneral purpose anJPhibious assault shipgeneral purpose amphibious assault ship (with internal dock)line-haul tractorlow intensity conflict; logistics indicator codelimited distributionattack cargo shiploop key generatorlast -known positionlow-level laser-guided bomblow-level transit routeloop modemlaser MAVERICKlanguage media formatlow voice amplifierliaison <strong>of</strong>ficerlift -on/lift-<strong>of</strong>flift -on/roD-<strong>of</strong>fletter <strong>of</strong> <strong>of</strong>fer IDd acceptauce; logistics over-the-shore (LOTS)operation area; Lead Operational Authoritylaw <strong>of</strong> armed conflictlock-on after launchlock-on before launchlines <strong>of</strong> communicationslocation accuracyline <strong>of</strong> departurelogistics automated information systemlogistics civilian augmentation programlogistics exercise.e
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-82Appendix BLOGMARSLOGSAFELOILOMEZLONGLOPLORANLOROPLOSLOTSLPLPCLKLPDLPBLPIIDLPIILPDLPULPVLRCLRDLRGLRMLRRPLRSLSALSBLSCDMLSDLSELSOLSPRLSTLSVLTLTDLTDIRLTGLTULUALtrrLVSLWlogistics applications <strong>of</strong> automated marking <strong>and</strong> reading symbolslogistic sustainment analysis <strong>and</strong> feasibility estimatorloss-<strong>of</strong>-inputlow-altitude missile engagement zonelongitudeline <strong>of</strong> positionlong-range aid to navigationlong range oblique photographyline <strong>of</strong> sight ·logistics over-the-shore1isteDiDg postloop clock (card)amphibious traDspon dockamphibious assault ship, l<strong>and</strong>ing platform helicopterlow probability <strong>of</strong> intercept/detectionlow probability <strong>of</strong> intercept/low probability <strong>of</strong> detectionline printer unitlaser-protective visorlogistics readiness centerlaser range finder~etectorlong-range aircraftlow rate multiplexerloug range reconnaissance patrollaunch aDd recovery sitelogistic sustaiDability analysisl<strong>and</strong>ing suppon battalionlow speed cable driver modeml<strong>and</strong>ing ship, dockl<strong>and</strong>ing signal enlistedl<strong>and</strong>ing safety <strong>of</strong>ficer; lauding signal <strong>of</strong>ficerlow speed pulse restorerl<strong>and</strong>ing ship, tank; laser spot trackerlogistics support vessellong ton; local terminallaser target designatorlaser target designator/rangerlocal timing generator1iDe termination unitlaunch UDder aaacklocal user terminalLogistics Vehicle System (USMC)leeway/~
'f •. : "·:: (·,~ fl7
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BMC"MC&GMCAMCAPMCASMCCMCCDCMCCISWGMCEBMCEWGMCMMCMGMCMUMCOMCPMCSFMCUMCWMDF:MDRMDSUMEAMEBMEDMEDEVACMEDICOMEDINTMEDNEOMEDREGREPMEDSMEDSOMMEDSTATMEFMEPMEPESMEQPI'MERINT:MERSARMESARmilitary communitymapping, chaning, <strong>and</strong> geodesymaximum calling area; mission concept approval; movementcontrol agency; military civic actionmaximum calling area precedenceMarine Corps Air Stationmaster control center; mission control center; militarycoonUmring committee; movement conttol center; <strong>Military</strong>Cooperation Committee; Marine component comm<strong>and</strong>erMarine Corps Combat Development Comm<strong>and</strong><strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong>, Control, <strong>and</strong> Information Systems WorkingGroup<strong>Military</strong> Communications-Electronics Board<strong>Military</strong> Communications-Electronics Working GroupmiDe coumermeisuresmeteorological groupmass core memory unitMarine Corps OrderMarine Corps Capabilities Planmobile cryptologic suppon facilitymaintenance communications unitmochdared carrier wavemain distribution framemedium data ratemobile diving aud salvage unitmu.nitions effect assessmentMarine expeditionary brigademanipulative electronic deceptionmedical evacuationiDtenwioDal word meaning a radio medical situationmedical intelligencemedical evacuation <strong>of</strong> noncombatantsmedical regulatiDg repon. meteorological data systemmedical supply, optical, <strong>and</strong> maintenance unitmedical statusMarine expeditionary forcemobile electric powerMedical Plauning <strong>and</strong> Execution Systemmajor equipmentmerchant intelligenceMercbant Vessel Search <strong>and</strong> Rescue Manualminimum-essential security assistance requirements
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BMETMET CONMETLMETSATME'IT-TMEUMEU(SOC)MEWSGMEWSSMEZMFMFLMFOMFPMFPFMFSMGMMGRSMHCMBEMHWMHzMlMIBMICMICONMIFMIIDSMIIDSIIDBMIJIMILCONMILDEPMILGPMILOCMILSATCOMMII.SI'AMPMilstarMILSTRIPMIMMINEOPSMIOmedium equipment transponercontrol <strong>of</strong> meteorological informationmission-essential task listmeteorological satellitemission, enemy, terrain <strong>and</strong> weather, troops <strong>and</strong> supponavailable, time availableMarine expeditionary unitMarine expeditionary unit (special operations capable)Multi-Service Electronic Warfare Suppon Group (NATO)Mobile Electronic Warfare Suppon Systemmissile engagement zonemedium frequency; multi-frequencymaster force listmultinational force <strong>and</strong> observers ·major force programminefield planning foldermultifunction switchmaster group multiplexer<strong>Military</strong> Grid Reference Systemmanagement beadquaners ceilingmaterial h<strong>and</strong>ling equipmentmean high watermegahertzmovement instructions; military intelligence<strong>Military</strong> ImeUigence Boardmultiple inlet conference call (ANfiTC-30)mission conceptmaritime interception force<strong>Military</strong> Intelligence Integrated Data Systemmilitary integrated intelligence database system/integrateddatabasemeaconiDg, inlerference, jamming, <strong>and</strong> intrusionmilitary constructionmilitary departmentmilitary group (assigned to American Embassy in host nation)oceanography groupmilitary satellite communicationsmilitary st<strong>and</strong>ard transponation <strong>and</strong> movement proceduresmilitary strategic <strong>and</strong> tactical relay systemmilitary st<strong>and</strong>ard requisitioning <strong>and</strong> issue proceduremaimenance instruction manualjoint minelaying operationsmaritime intercept operations
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BMIPEMISCAPMISREPMIT ASKMITIMIUWMIUWUMIWMJCOMMJCSMLAMLOMLP.MLPPMLRSMLSMLWMMCMMIMNCMNSMOMOAMOBMOBREP .MODMODSMOD9MODEMODEMMODLOCMOGMOGASMOLEMOMATMOMSSMOPMOPPMORMOSMOUMOVREPMOWmobile intelligence processing elementmission capabilityjoint tactical air reconnaissance/surveillance mission reponmission taskingmobile integrated tactical terminal· mobile inshore undersea warfaremobile inshore undersea warfare unitmine warfaremajor comm<strong>and</strong> (joint)<strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff Memor<strong>and</strong>ummission load allowancemilitary liaison <strong>of</strong>ficemessage load planmultilevel precedence <strong>and</strong> preemptionMultiple Launch Rocket Systemmultilevel securitymean low watermateriel management centerman/machine interface .major Nonb Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) comm<strong>and</strong>ermission needs statements; Mine Neutralization System (USN)monthmilitary operating area; memor<strong>and</strong>um <strong>of</strong> agreementmain operations basemilitary manpowe{ mobilization <strong>and</strong> accession status reponMinister (Ministry) <strong>of</strong> DefenseModulo 8 (TRI-TAC rate family)Modulo 9 (ATACS rate family)traDspOnation modemodulator/demodulatormiscellaneous operational details, local operationsmaximum (aircraft) on the groundmotor gasolinemulticlwmel operational line evaluatormobility mattingmode <strong>and</strong> message selection systemmemor<strong>and</strong>um <strong>of</strong> policymission-oriented protective posturememoraudum <strong>of</strong> recordmilitary occupational specialtymemor<strong>and</strong>um <strong>of</strong> underst<strong>and</strong>ingmovement reponmaintenance orderwireB-50
~ : ; .:<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix B.MPMPAMPAT,..MPCMPFMPLAN-MPMMPSMPSA:MRMR-UAVMRAMRC.:MRCIMREMRGMRLMROMROCMRRMRSMRSAMRUMSIDSMS-DOSMSCMSCDMSCOMSDMSEMSECRMSELMSFMSIMSISMSLMSNAPMSOMSPMSPFmilitary policemission planning agent; maritime patrol aircraftmilitary patient administration team<strong>Military</strong> Personnel Centermaritime pre-positioning forceMarine Corps Mobilization Management Planmedical planning modulemaritime prepositioning ships; message processor shelter<strong>Military</strong> Postal Service Agencymilliradian; mobile reservemedium-range unmanned aerial vehicleMountain Rescue Associationmajor regional contingencymaxiDJUIIl rescue coverage interceptmeal, ready to eatmovement requirements generatorminimum-risk levelmedical regulating <strong>of</strong>ficemulticomrn<strong>and</strong> required operational capabilityminimum-risk routemovement repon systemMateriel Readiness Suppon Agencymountain rescue unitmessage switchmillisecondsMicros<strong>of</strong>t-disk operating system<strong>Military</strong> Sealift CormD<strong>and</strong>; mission suppon confirmation; majorsubordinate comm<strong>and</strong>military suppon to civil defense<strong>Military</strong> Sealift Comm<strong>and</strong> OfficemargiDal support datemobile subscriber equipmentHIS 6000 security modulemaster scenario events listmultiplex sigual formatmulti-spectral imageryMarine Safety Information Systemmean sea level; master swion logMerchant Ship Naval Augmenwion Programmilitary satellite communications (MILSATCOM) systemsorganization; marine safety <strong>of</strong>fice(r)mission suppon planmaritime special purpose forceB-51
Joillt <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>AppeDCiix BMSRMSRVMSSGMTMTBFMTBDMTFMTGMTIMTLMTMCMTMCMEA.MTOMTOEMTONMTPM'ITMTXMVMULMULEMUREPMUSARCMUSTMUXMVmVMWDMWFMWODMWRMYX .mission support request; main supply routemessage switch rekeying variableMarine expeditionary unit service support group (MAGTF)measurement tonmean time between failuresmotor transport battalionmessage text formats; medical treaanent facilitymaster timing generatormoving target indicatormission tasking letter<strong>Military</strong> Traffic Management Comm<strong>and</strong><strong>Military</strong> Traffic Management Comm<strong>and</strong> TransportationEngineering Agencymessage to observer; mission type ordermodified table <strong>of</strong> organization <strong>and</strong> equipment (TOE)measurement ton(s)mission tasking packagemobile training team; magnetic tape transportmessage text formatmarry upDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense master urgency listmodular universal laser equipmentmunitions reportmajor United States Army reserve comm<strong>and</strong>smedical unit, self contained, transponablemultiplexmerchant vessel; motor vesselmillivolt.military working dogmedical working filemultiple word-<strong>of</strong>-daymorale, welfare, aud recreationarea code
'. : 1 ' " I ... ' ;,\~,. ~k\• , •.-..~.\ ..•N-4N-5N-6N-dayNAAGNACISANACISCNACSEMNACSINACSIMNADEFCOLNADEPNAFNAFAGNAKNALCNALSSNAMPNAMTONAPCAPNAPMANARNARCNASNAS computerNASANASARNATNATONATOPSNAVAIDSNAV AIRSYSCOMNAVATAC<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lAppendix BNavy component logistics staff <strong>of</strong>ficerNavy component plans staff <strong>of</strong>ficerNavy component communications staff <strong>of</strong>ficerday an active duty unit is notified for deployment orredeploymentNorth Atlantic .Treaty Organization (NATO) Army ArmamentsGroupNonh Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Communications<strong>and</strong> Information· Systems AgencyNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Communications· <strong>and</strong> Information Systems CommitteeNational Communications Security/Emanations Security(COMSECIEMSEC) Infonnation Memor<strong>and</strong>umNational Communications Security (COMSEC) InstructionNational Communications Security (COMSEC) InformationMemor<strong>and</strong>umNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Defense Collegenaval aircraft depotnonappropriated fund; naval air facilityNonh Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Air ForceArmaments Groupnegative acknowledgementnaval ammunition logistics codenaval advanced logistic support sitesNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Annual ManpowerPlanNavy material transportation <strong>of</strong>ficeNorth Atlantic Treaty Organiution (NATO) Allied. Pre-Committed Ci\jl Aircraft ProgramNorth Atlantic Treaty Organiution (NATO) Airborne EarlyWamiug <strong>and</strong> Control Program Management Agencynotice <strong>of</strong> ammunition reclassificationnon-automatic relay centernaval air stationnational airspace system computerNational Aeronautics <strong>and</strong> Space AdministrationNational Association for Search <strong>and</strong> Rescuenon-air-transportable (cargo)Nonh Atlantic Treaty Organizationnaval air training <strong>and</strong> operating procedures st<strong>and</strong>ardizationnavigational aidsNaval Air Systems Comm<strong>and</strong> (Also called NA V AIR)Navy Antiterrorism Analysis CenterB-53
NAVCBAPDETNAVCHAPGRU,t'·.,, ·~'naval Clrlo·' h<strong>and</strong>ling <strong>and</strong> pon group detachment: :-:iNavY;·Cafjo'"·:Hancning <strong>and</strong> Pon Group (Navy Cargo H<strong>and</strong>ling·· BltUlion) ·.· .-- . NawlCOmmunications Station1NAVCOMsTANA VF A~GCOMNav~ •Facilities;'Engineering Comm<strong>and</strong>NAVFOR~:· :' . '- ·. 'Navy forCe$. -...NA VMAG _ naval magaZine·NA VMEOCoMINST-Navy ~Cdi~ Comm<strong>and</strong> InsuuctionNAVMEDLOGCOM- ···· . Navy'Medical Logistical Comm<strong>and</strong>·:ri.NAVMEI>P ,.___.,_,-... 'Na·. M~calP··-_ .. bletJ , v:f.;;._. • , I . }I!DpNA VMTO: paval·D;lilitarY ~nation <strong>of</strong>ficeNAVORD . .,., :naVil.ordhanct.NAVORDSTA .•. :.:(~: . ' l ; ',rii~ ordbcnJce swionNAVSAFEcEN - naval .~etY )Center ..'NAVSAT . navigad6n ·satellite .NAVSEALOGCEN _naval·s6i ·topstic5 centerNAvSWYscoM·Nav~ ~~ ..·s~ Comm<strong>and</strong> (Also called NAVS~>NA VSO United State$ Na ...'Forces, Southern Comm<strong>and</strong> -· ..H,," '•. ''•• ./.::.·.-:..: ' .......-~~; .,NCAA--. ___ _ tfATO CiviliJIJjft Agency•. --~ .: ; - ,_ ·' ':.' ;,_, t. ~} l),h•'' -.·NCC . -· .. . uaval.~CO!IIpQ~ comm<strong>and</strong>er; Navy component C011'1Jmnct ·NCD - ·~.::~;~i~-l:; -~ ¥~~f~~ r·· .~:· ·"< 7 -::.·. . . . N , ""--..a1· battal".-·· .. cNCBB. aV>;:;~R~~~ ton_NCHF... , :-: :::~. '-~-· . ,Na~,cargo -h~tYJii.llJ force ·i.·.. .:,·.NCIC -.. ~.. .;.;-./_' .._.··; , -N.#:9R#~&~~··:MQ~on CenterNCMDnine channel MUXIDEMUXB-54
•. ··A<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lAppendix BNCMPNCONCOICNCRNCSNCSIDCAOCNCSCNCSORGNCI'NCI'AMNCWNCWCNDANDBNDCNDCSNDBQNDMCNDMSNDPNDRFNDUNEA.NEACPNEATNEONEREPNETSNE1TNEWNEWACNFANFDNFONGFSNGONlNICNavy Capabilities <strong>and</strong> Mobilization Plannoncommissioned <strong>of</strong>ficernoncommissioned <strong>of</strong>ficer-in-chargeNational Security Agency/Central Security ServiceRepresenWiveNational Communications System; net control swion; navalcontrol <strong>of</strong> shippingNational Communications System <strong>and</strong>/or DefenseCommunication Agency Operations CenterNational Computer Security CenterNaval Control <strong>of</strong> Shipping Organizationnetwork control terminalNaval Computer <strong>and</strong> Telecommunications Area Master Stationnaval coastal warfarenaval coastal warfare comm<strong>and</strong>ernational defense areanondirectional beaconNaval Doctrine Comm<strong>and</strong>national drug control strategyNational Defence Headquarters, CanadaNATO DefenSe Manpower CommitteeNational Disaster Medical Systemnational disclosure policyNational Defense Reserve FleetNational Defense UniversityNortheast AsiaNational Emergency Airborne Comm<strong>and</strong> Postnaval. embarked advisory teamnoncombatant evacuation operationNuclear Execution aDd Reporting PlanNationwide Emergency Telecommunications SystemDeW equipment training teamnet explosive weightNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Electronic WarfareAdvisory Committeeno-fire areanodal fault diagnosticsDaVal flight <strong>of</strong>ficernaval gunfire supponnongovernmental organizationnational identification (number)National Intelligence CouncilB-SS
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BNIDMSNIDSNIENIEXNIEXPGNISCOMNISPNISTNITFNIU.NL.NLNLTNMNMBsNMCCNMCSNMETNMICNMICCNMIPCNMISCNMISTNMJICNMOCNMRNMSNMSANMSDNNAGNNTNNXNOAANOCNOFORNNOICNOKNOPNO PLANNOPONORADNational <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> System (NMCS) Information forDecision Makers SystemNational <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> Center Information Display Systemnational intelligence estimatesno-notice imeroperability exerciseNo-notice lnteroperability Exercise Planning GroupNaval Investigative Service Comm<strong>and</strong>Nuclear Weapons Intelligence Suppon Plannational intelligence support teamnational imagery trammission fonnatNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) interface UDitnot less tbanNavy lighteragenot later thannautical mileNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) military bodiesNational <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> CenterNational <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> Systemnaval mobile environmental teamNational <strong>Military</strong> Intelligence CenterNational <strong>Military</strong> Intelligence Collection CenterNational <strong>Military</strong> Intelligence Production CenterNational <strong>Military</strong> Intelligence Support CenterNational <strong>Military</strong> Intelligence Support Team (DIA)National <strong>Military</strong> <strong>Joint</strong> Intelligence Centernetwork management operations centernews media representativeNational <strong>Military</strong> StrategyNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Mutual Support ActNational· <strong>Military</strong> Strategy DocumentNorth Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) Naval ArmamentsGroupnon-nodal terminal. local exchangeNational Oceanic aDd Atmospheric Administrationnetwork operations centernot releasable to foreign nationalsNaval Operational Intelligence Centernext <strong>of</strong> kinauclear operationsno operation plan available or preparedNuclear Operations Planning OfficeNorth American Aerospace Defense Comm<strong>and</strong>·(\I
'_,,~~~~ $:r .~i -· ;·. ~ .JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BNORMNORSNOT AMNOTMARNPESNPICNPWICNPGNPSNQNRNRCHFNRCNRCHBNRCHTBNRDMNRFINRLNRONRPNRPCNRPMNRTNRZNSIEPNSANSA/CSS.NSCNSCIDNSCSNSDNSDDNSENSEPNSFNSFSNSMNSNNSNFNSOnormal; not operationally ready, maintenancenot operationally ready, supplynotice to airmennotice to marinersNuclear Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution SystemNational Photographic Interpretation CenterNational Prisoner <strong>of</strong> War Information Centernonunit personnel g~ratorNational Park Service; Nuclear Planning SystemnonquotaDi1mbernaval reserve cargo h<strong>and</strong>ling forcenon-unit-related cargonaval reserve cargo h<strong>and</strong>ling battalion (~vy cargo h<strong>and</strong>lingbattalion)naval reserve cargo b<strong>and</strong>ling training battalion (navy cargoh<strong>and</strong>ling battalion)Nuclear Weapons (NUWEP) Reconnaissance Data Manualnot ready for issuenuclear weapons (NUWEP) reconnaissance listNational Reconnaissance Officenon-unit-related personnelNaval Reserve Personnel CenterNuclear Weapons (NUWEP) Reconnaissance Planning Manualnear-real-timenon-return-to-zeronational security <strong>and</strong> emergency preparednessNational Security Agency .National Security Agency/Central Security ServiceNational Security CouncilNational Security Council Intelligence DirectiveNational Security Council SystemNational Security DirectiveNational Security Decision DirectiveNavy suppon elementnational security emergency preparednessNational Science FoUDdationnaval surface fire supponnational search m:l rescue (SAR) mam•alnational stock numbernonstrategic nuclear forcesnon-SlOP optionB-57
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-GlAppendix BNSOCNSPNSRLNSSNSSCSNSTISSCNSTLNSWNSWGNSWTGNSWTGrrtJNSWTUNSWUNTNTACSNTAPNTBNTCNTDSNTICNTISSNTISSINTISSPNTPSNTSBNUCNUCINTNUDETNUPNURCNUWEPNVDNVGNWNWBNWBLTUNWP.NWREPNWSNational Signals Intelligence Operations Center; Navy SatelliteOperations CenterNational Search <strong>and</strong> Rescue Plannational signals intelligence (SIGINT) requirements listnon-self-sustainingnon-self-sustaining containershipNational Security Telecommunications <strong>and</strong> Information SystemsSecurity Committee .national strategic targets listnaval special warfarenaval special warfare groupnaval special warfare task groupnaval special warfare task group/unitnaval special warfare task unitnaval special warfare unitDOdal terminalNavy tactical air control systemNational Track Air-is Programnational target baseNational Training CenterNaval Tactical Data SystemNavy Tactical Intelligence CenterNational Telecommunications <strong>and</strong>·Information Security SystemNational Telecommunications <strong>and</strong> Information Security System(NTISS) InstructionNational Telecommunications <strong>and</strong> Information Security System(NTISS) Policyuear-tenn prepositioned shipsNational Tramponation Safety Boardnon-unit-related cargonuclear intelligenceDUclear detonation<strong>DOD</strong>-UDit-related personnel<strong>DOD</strong>-UDit related cargopolicy guidance for the employment <strong>of</strong> nuclear weaponsDigbt vision deviceDigbt vision gogglesnot waiverablenormal wideb<strong>and</strong>normal widebam line termination unitnaval warfare publicationnuclear weapons reponNational Weather ServiceB-58:I\
-I -~i:•-,...... .•. ~~-; ,.·:t~-~t=•:···."":;.: (! .·.t.i} '}.,.;.:~<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BNWTNYXnormal wideb<strong>and</strong> terminalarea code -00O&M0/BOAOADROAEOAROASD(MI&L)OASD(PA)OASD(SOILIC)OBOBAOBFSOBSTOCAOCAKAoccOCCAOCD·OCEANCONOCJCSOCMIocoOCONUSOCOPOCPocuOCU-1O<strong>DOD</strong>AODATEODBcontour patternoperation <strong>and</strong> maintenanceoutboardobjective area; operating assemblyoriginating agency's determination requiredoperational area evaluationChairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> Staff Operation PlansAssessment ReponOffice <strong>of</strong> the Assistant Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense (Manpower,IDstallations, <strong>and</strong> Logistics)Office <strong>of</strong> the Assistant Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense (<strong>Pub</strong>lic Affairs) ,Office <strong>of</strong> the Assistant Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense (Special operatio~/Low Intensity Conflict)order <strong>of</strong> battleoxygen breathing apparatus<strong>of</strong>fshore bulk fuel systemobstacle<strong>of</strong>fensive counterairobservation aDd fields <strong>of</strong> fire, cover <strong>and</strong> concealment, obstacles,key terrain, <strong>and</strong> avenues <strong>of</strong> approachCoast Guard OperatioDS Computer CenterOcean Cargo Clearance Authorityordenvire clock distnbutorcontrol <strong>of</strong> oceanographic informationOffice <strong>of</strong> the Chairman <strong>of</strong> the <strong>Joint</strong> Chiefs <strong>of</strong> StaffOfficer in Charge, MariDe Inspection<strong>of</strong>tload control <strong>of</strong>ficeroutside the continental United StatesOutline Contingency Operation Planoperational configuration processingorderwire control unit (Types I, D, <strong>and</strong> Ul)orderwire control unit-1operational detacl11nentoperational cletacbment-Alpbaorganization dateoperational detacJunent-BravoB-59
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appmdix BIODCODCSLOG·ODCSOPSODCSPERODINODROEROETOFOFDAOGAOROICOICComOIROLDOLSOMOMAOMBOMCOMTONDCPOOBOODoosOP3OPOPCENOPCOMOPCONOPDECOPDOCOPDSOPELINTOPLANOPLAWOPLDTOPMOffice <strong>of</strong> Defense CooperationOffice <strong>of</strong> the Deputy Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff for Logistics (Army)Office <strong>of</strong> the Deputy Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff for Operations <strong>and</strong> Plans(Army)Office <strong>of</strong> the Deputy Chief <strong>of</strong> Staff for Personnel (Army)Operational Digital NetWorkOffice <strong>of</strong> Defense Representativeoperational electronic intelligence (ELINT) requirementsOffice <strong>of</strong> Emergency Transportation (J)OT)<strong>of</strong>ficer(s) (NATO)OffiCe <strong>of</strong> Foreign Disaster Assistanceother govermnent agenciesoverhead<strong>of</strong>ficer in chargeOperational Intelligence Coordination Centeroperation order (OPORD) identificationother imelligeuce requirements; operational intelligencerequiremeDlson-line tests aDd diagnosticsoptical l<strong>and</strong>ing systemcontour multiunitOffice <strong>of</strong> <strong>Military</strong> Affairs (CIA)Office <strong>of</strong> Management aDd BudgetOffice <strong>of</strong> <strong>Military</strong> CooperationOnhoJOual mode transducerOffice <strong>of</strong> National Drug Comrol Policyorder <strong>of</strong> battle<strong>of</strong>ficer <strong>of</strong> tbe deckout-<strong>of</strong>-serviceOven Peacetime Psydlological OperatioDS Programobservation post; operational publication (USN); ordnancepamphletCoast Guard Operations Centeroperational comm<strong>and</strong> (NATO)operational controloperational deceptionoperational doaunentation<strong>of</strong>fshore petroleum discharge systemoperational electronic intelligenceoperation planoperational lawopponune liftoperations per mjmtte,I\
.. , ... ~r ·. : ~ ·.~~-:·;~/::. ~-:: ~ ·~t.i.'t(.<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BOPNAVINSTOPORDOPPOPROPREPOPSOPSDEPSOPSECOPSTKOPSUMOPI'AROPI'EMPOOPI'INTOPZONEORORDORGOSOSAToscOSDOSEOSIOSINTOSRIoss .OSTPosvOTCOTHOTB-TOTSOUTOVEOVEROWChief <strong>of</strong> Naval Operations Instructionoperation order ·orderwire patch panel<strong>of</strong>fice <strong>of</strong> primary responsibilityoperational reponoperationsService Operations Deputiesoperations securityoperational stock ·operation summaryoperating targetoperating tempooptical intelligenceoperation zoneoperational readiness; other rank(s) (NATO)operational requirements documemorigin(GELOC)operating system; comour single-unitout-<strong>of</strong>-service analog teston-scene comm<strong>and</strong>erOffice <strong>of</strong> the Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defenseon scene enduranceoperltional subsystem imerfaceopen-source intelligenceorigiDating station routing indicatorOffice <strong>of</strong> Suaregic ServicesOffice <strong>of</strong> Science <strong>and</strong> Technology Policyocean station vessel<strong>of</strong>ficer in tactical comm<strong>and</strong>; over-the-counterover the horizonover the horizon targetingOahu Telephone Systemoutsize cargoon-vehicle equipmentoversize cargoordcrwireppp-p~1
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BP-ST A TICPICP/0PIPPAPABXPAGPALPAMPANSPAOPARPARKBJJ,J,PARPROPASPATPAXPBPBAPBCRPBDPBXPcPCPCAPCBPCCPCFPC-LITEPCMPCOPCSPCZPdPDPDFPDMPDSPEPEADprecipitation static·pleasure craftpan <strong>of</strong>patch panelpublic affairs; probability <strong>of</strong> arrival; parent relayprivate automatic branch exchangepublic affairs guidancepersonnel allowance listpulse amplitude modulationprocedures for air navigation services<strong>Pub</strong>lic Affairs Office; public affairs <strong>of</strong>ficerperformance assessment repon; CJCS Preparedness AssessmentRepon; precision approach radar; population at riskhigh frequency cryptological devicepeacetime application <strong>of</strong> recotmaissauce programspersonnel accounting symbolpublic affairs team ·passengerspanicle beam; patrol boatproduction base analysisponable bar code recorderprogram budget decisionsprivate branch exchangecumulative probability <strong>of</strong> detectionpersonal computer; Principals Committeeprinted card assemblyprinted circuit boardprimary ·comrol cemerpersoDDel control facilitiesprocessor, laptop imagery trammission equipmentpulse code modulationprimary control <strong>of</strong>ficerpermanent change <strong>of</strong> station; primary control ship; processorcomrolled strappingphysical comrol zonedrift compensated parallelogram patternPresident;ial Directive; procedures description; probability <strong>of</strong>damage; probability <strong>of</strong> detectionPanamanian Defense ForcesProgram Decision Memor<strong>and</strong>umprotected distribution systempeacetime establishmentPresidential Emergency Action Document(\' )(\I
•PEASPECPEDBPEPPERINTSUMPERSCOMPERSINSPESPFDPGMPHIBCBPHIBGRUPHIBOPPIDBRONPHOTINTPHSDPICPIDPIDDPINPIPSPIRPIRAZPIWPJPKG-POLPKOPKPPLPLAPLADPLATPLB.PLCPLGRPLLPLLIASLPLRSPLSPLTPMPMCPMIS.. : .. - .. -. <strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix Bpsychological operations (PSYOP) effects analysis subsystemprogram element codeplanning <strong>and</strong> execution data basepersonnel exchange programperiodic intelligence summaryPersonnel Comm<strong>and</strong> (Anny)personnel information systempreparedness eval~on systempersonal floWion deviceprecision-guided munitionsamphibious construction battalionamphibious groupamphibious operationamphibious squadronphotographic intelligencepost security <strong>and</strong> harbor defenseperson identification code; parent indicator codeplan idemification numberplanned inactivation or discontinued datepersonnel increment numberPlans Integration Partitioning Systempriority intelligence requirememspositive identification radar advisory zoneperson in waterindividual pararescue specialist; project codepackaged petroleum, oils, <strong>and</strong> lubricantspeacekeeping operationspurple k powder<strong>Pub</strong>lic Lawplain laoguage address -plain laoguage address directorypilot's l<strong>and</strong>ing aid televisionpersonal locator beaconpower line conditionerprecise lightweight Global Positioning System receiverphase locked loopprescnDed load list/authorized stock levelPosition Location Reporting Systempillars <strong>of</strong> logistics support; Palletized Load Systemplatoon; program library tapeparallel track multiunitparallel multiunit circlepsychological operations management information subsystem
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-82Appeucb BPMNPMOPMOSPMRPNPNIDPNVSPOPO ADSPOASPOATPOBPOCPODPOEPOGPOLPO LADPOMPOMCUSPOPSPORTSPOSPOTFPOTGPOVPOWPPAPPAGPPBSPPDBppmpppPRPRAPRBSPRCPRECOMPREPOPRFPRGPRJparallel track multiunit non-returnprogram management <strong>of</strong>ficeprimary military occupational specialtyparallel track multiunit returnpseudonoiseprecedence network in dialingPilot Night Vision Systempetty <strong>of</strong>ficerPsychological Operations Automaled Data SystemPsychological Operations Automated Systempsychological operations assessment teampersons on board; psychological operations battalionpoint <strong>of</strong> contact ·plan <strong>of</strong> the day; probability <strong>of</strong> detection; pon <strong>of</strong> debarkationpon <strong>of</strong> embarkationpsychological operations group; pon operations grouppetroleum, oils, <strong>and</strong> lubricantspolitical advisorProgram Objective Memor<strong>and</strong>umpre-positioning <strong>of</strong> materiel configured to unit setspon operational performance simulatorPortable Remote Telecommunications Systemprimary operating stocks; probability <strong>of</strong> success; positionpsychological operations task forcepsychological operations task groupprivately owned vehicle ·prisoner <strong>of</strong> warpersonnel information system (PERSINS) personnel activityproposed public affairs guidancePlanning, Programming. <strong>and</strong> Budgeting Systempoint positioning data basepans per million ·Priority placement program; primary patch panelprimary zoneprimary review authoritypseudo r<strong>and</strong>om binary sequencepopulace aDd resources controlpreliminary communications searchprepositioned force, equipment, or suppliespulse repetition frequencyprogram review groupmovement priority for forces having the same LAD; priority;progressive routing indicator~r l
• • • '; ! . _:; ~ > . . ., f. ~ ~. ~ .•PRIFLYPRMPRMFLPROCPROnsPROMPRO PINPROVORGprowordPRSLPRTPRUPSPSAPSBPSCPSDPSE'PSBDPSBDGRUPSKPSLPSNPSPPSPSPSSPSUPSVPSYOPPSYWAR. PI'CPITpubPUKPULPWpWPWBPWICPWISPwPpWpo<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lAppendix Bprimary flight controlPresidential Review Memor<strong>and</strong>umperm fileprocessorPr<strong>of</strong>essional Officer Filler Information Systemprogrammable read-only memorycaution-proprietary information involvedproviding organizatjonprocedure wordprimary zone/switch locationpararescue teampararescue unitparallel track single-unit; processing subsystemport support activitypoststrike baseprincipal subordinate comm<strong>and</strong>planning systems divisionpeculiar support equipmentport security <strong>and</strong> harbor defenseport security aud harbor defense grouppbase shift keyingparallel track single-unit LORANpacket switching nodeperforated steel plankiDgpsychological operations (PSYOP) studies program subsystemparallel single-unit spiralport security unitpsuedo-synthetic videopsychological operationspsychological warfareprimary ttaffic channelpublic telephone aDd telegraph; postal telephone <strong>and</strong> telegraph;push-to-talkpublicationpackup kitparent unit levelprisoner <strong>of</strong> warpicowatt .printed wiring board (assembly)Prisoner <strong>of</strong> War Information CenterPrisoner <strong>of</strong> War Information SystempW, psophometrically weightedpWp, referenced to 0 TLP
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong>. 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BPWRPWRMRPWRMSPWRSPZpre-positioned wartime reservespre-positioned war materiel requiremempre-positioned war reserve materiel stockpre-positioned war reserve stockspickup zoneQQ-shipQAQAMQATQDRQEEMQMQPSKQRAQREQRSAQSTAGQTYdecoy shipquality assurancequadrature amplitude modulationquality assurance teamquality deficiency reportquick erect exp<strong>and</strong>able mastquartermasterquadrature phase shift keyingquick reaction antennaquick reaction elementquick reaction satellite antennaquadripartite st<strong>and</strong>ing agreementquamityR('\I \RR&DR&RR-AFFR-elayRIORfl'RARABFACRADAREXREPRADAYRADFRADHAZ.RADINTsearch radius; routineresearch <strong>and</strong> developmentrest 8Dd recuperationregimental affiliationredeployment dayreceive onlyreceiveltraDsmitrisk analysisradar beacon forward air controllerradar exploitation reportradio dayradarfiDdelecttomagDetic radiation bazards; bazards from electromagneticndiationradar intelligence
•RAERAFRAMRAOCRAPRASTRASURA1TRBRBstdRBERBIRCRCARCCRCPRCSPRCURCVRRDRDDRDFRDT&E· RECCERECCEXREPRECONREFRELRELCANremREPOLREQCONFRFRFIEMPINTRFARFCRFIRFPRFSRFWRGRRB<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix Bright <strong>of</strong> assistance entryRoyal Air Force (UK)r<strong>and</strong>om access memoryrear area operations centerRemedial Action Projects Program (JCS); rear area protectionRecovery Assistance, Securing, <strong>and</strong> Traversing Systemsr<strong>and</strong>om access storage unitradio teletyperadar beacon; shan-range coastal or river boatrubidium st<strong>and</strong>ard.remain-behind equipmentRED/BLACK Isolatorriver current; Reserve component; receive clockriot control agemsrescue coordination centerresynchronization control panelremote call service positionrate changes unit; remote control unitreceiverriDgdown; receive datarequired delivery date (at destination)radio direction finder; rapid deployment forceresearch, development, test <strong>and</strong> evaluationreconnaissancereconnaissance exploitation reponreconnaissancereference(s)relativereleasable to Canadaroentgen equivalent mammalpetroleum damage <strong>and</strong> deficiency repon; reponing emergencypetrol~ oils, <strong>and</strong> lubricantsrequest confirmationradio frequency; response forceradio frequency/electromagnetic pulse intelligencerestricted fire arearesponse force comm<strong>and</strong>errequest for information; ready for issuerequest for proposalrequest for servicerequest for waiverrangerreentry homeB-67
::·:· .;·\<strong>Joint</strong>"<strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>: ' ·:UJtppendix BRIDBRlRIBRIC.'·:'RINT"\•' . I'~ . "" '•~RIPRISOPRITRLDRLGMRLGM/CDRLPRMC . ::c· ··i :;.:·rmsRMURNAVRNPRoROAROCROCUROEROEXROKROMRONROIROROSROTC· .. ·ROWPtr .·.··vROZ. RPRFI'ORRPV ·.RQMTRRDFRRFRSRSCRSGRSJRSL~· · ,a~'t ::;ngicf huR i¢1at8ble boat' routii\g"iildicator',.!' ··iutioeriZeerlbtiltable boat:.;·~···· · li'Lrouting inClit8tor code,·::· 1 :: unintenti'abal ;radiation intelligence···'1.regm!r'<strong>of</strong> mtel'ligence publications'" ·;Red· IDtegraiect ·strategic Offensive Planot. •.,'-1",.·•. ,_" .....,!"'·remate·f~ezy transceiverfeadyt.tot;l8ap~:~ (at origin)~te IQOp 1 :jrbiJp multiplexer· ·._;.. reni~ lqqp ~~ multiplexer/cable driver .~·.,~. remo~ ··.lme· pHnter ..·.~· .- RtisoUrte"Midagtmem Committee (CSIF); remote, m.ultiplexer; R~)cottibmer;.. ; ··· · :.. -' ·:· ro0t mean.~~~·yer· ..,-.~;.:.~~~': . ; remote rietwQrlc processor '.t' .search radill¥ roimded to next highest whole DIIIDbet: .• ' ..· restrlctecf~ons area i .:; , , '·~·~··reQUired oj)erano~ capability. . remote ·ota~ control unit-:;:N!.;s· Cit erlPf&Demrules' <strong>of</strong>qg~ exercise' ~[RePUbfl~~df~iedi~read.:ODJy~itiemot:y.. 'I·':· ., .. ,-·r~ ··.·~:r ·"remain ·ov~~roU-onlroU~ff~ ..·: • . ! ,· · .. · . . ' ;;lb.''·:,~._; ·•·.······niduced ·~onal status,, _:~#!~:~¥'training Corps'·!,J~i ;.,·' ;,. revea* OSuib'Srw.ter purification unitH! ,: ... ; ·~~;~oos zone·ttiJ~"~u".iDt'''.' ..... · ' :. n:pcl@'"iltpifi;.ar;on,·~'"·$~~~,r~·,..:·~~i~~. vehicle..· · ~~MfiotRo) dischar e facili.. · ,.,, .. ';~· ..,,.,.... ~."!r..l01>''~1'4~; g ty.,~~~··Force; read reserve fleet• .. '!;'
·,.•~RSPRSSRSSCRSTARSTVRSURTRTBRTCHRTFRTFLRTLPRTMRTOCRTSRTTYRURVRVTRWCMRWRRXRZsSlS3S4S&FS&TS-daySINSISJoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>Appendix BDepartment <strong>of</strong> Defense Red Switch Projectradio subsystemregional space suppon center; regional satellite suppon cell;Regional Signals Intelligence Suppon Center (NSA)reconnaissance, surveillance, aDd wget acquisitionreal-time synthetic videoremote switching unitrough temin; remote terminalremrn to baserough terrain container h<strong>and</strong>lerreturn to forcerough terrain forkliftreceiver test level pointreal time moderear tactical operations centerremote transfer switchradio teletyperescue unitlong-range seagoing rescue vessel; rekeying variableremote video terminalregional wartime construction mauagerradar warning receiverreceive; receiverrecovery zonessquare pattern; track -spacingbattalion or bt;igade personnel <strong>of</strong> manpower staff <strong>of</strong>ficer (Army;Marine Corps battalion or regiment)baaalion or brigade imelligence staff <strong>of</strong>ficer (Army;Marine Corps battalion or regiment)battalion or brigade operations staff <strong>of</strong>ficer (Army;Marine Corps battalion or regiment)battalion or brigade logistics staff <strong>of</strong>ficer (Army;Marine Corps battalion or regiment)store-<strong>and</strong>-forwardscientific <strong>and</strong> technicalday the President authorizes selective reserve call-upsignal to noise -steamdtip
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appeudix BSIVSASAAFRSAAMSACSACCSACEURSACLANTSACSSAFESAIDSALSALGPSALMSALTSAMSAMMSAMSSAOSAPSAPISAPOSARSAR/CSARSARMISSARSATSARTELSASSASSSASSYSATSATCOMSAWSBRPrSBSSBUscSCASSCATMINEWARNsecsailboatst<strong>and</strong>-alone switch; security assistance; selective availability(GPS)st<strong>and</strong>ard use Army aircraft flight zonespecial assignmem airlift missionspecial agent in chargesupporting arms coordination centerSupreme Allied Comm<strong>and</strong>, Europe ~Supreme Allied Comni<strong>and</strong>, Atlanticsecure telephone unit (STU) access control systemselected area for evasionselected area for evasion (SAFE) area intelligence descriptionsmall arms lockersemiactive laser-guided projectile {USN)single anchor leg mooringsupporting arms liaison teamsurface-to-air missileSecurity Assistance Management ManualSchool <strong>of</strong> Advanced <strong>Military</strong> Studiessecurity assistance organization; security assistance<strong>of</strong>fice/<strong>of</strong>ficer; selected attack optionspecial access programSpecial Access Program for Intelligencesubarea petroleum <strong>of</strong>fice~~"'\search <strong>and</strong> rescue; synthetic aperture radar; sealed autheDticationsystem; satellite access requestsearch <strong>and</strong> rescue/combat search <strong>and</strong> rescueSearch .aod Rescue Management Information Systemsearch aod rescue satellite-aided trackiDgsearch. aod rescue (SAR) telephone (private hotline)special ammunition storagesupporting arms special staffSupponed Activities Supply Systemssecurity alen team; satellitesarellite CQ!DIIIImicationssurface acoustic wavesubordinate reporting organizationsenior battle staff; support banle staffspecial boat unitsearch <strong>and</strong> rescue (SAR) coordinator; sea current; station clockStability Coottol Augment Systemscatterable minefield warningsecurity classification code; St<strong>and</strong>ards Coordinating CommitteeB-70
•SCDLSCESCGSCISCIFSCMPscocSCPSCPTSCTSSCUDSDFSDIOSDLSSDMXSDNSDNRIUSDSGSDSMSDVSEABEESEADsEALSECSECDEFSECNAVINSTSECORDSECRASECSTATESECTRANSSEFSELRELSELRESSEMASEMSSEPSERESERERSFSFCPSFGsn<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>.Appendix Bsurveillance control data linkservice cryptologic elementswitching controller groupsensitive compartmented informationsensitive compartmentalized information facilityStrategic C3 Master Plansystems control <strong>and</strong> operations conceptsecure conferencing project; system change proposalstrategic connectivity performance testsingle channel ttansponder system~o-surface missile systemself defense forceStrategic Defense Initiative Organizationsatellite data link st<strong>and</strong>ardsspace division matrixsystem developmem notificationsecure digital net radio interface unitspace division switching groupspace division switching matrix ,sea-air-l<strong>and</strong> team (SEAL) delivery vehicle; submerged deliveryvehicleNavy construction engineer; sea bargesuppression <strong>of</strong> enemy air defensessea-air-l<strong>and</strong> teamsubmariDe element coordinatorSecretary <strong>of</strong> DefenseSecretaty <strong>of</strong> the Navy Instructionsecure cord switchboardsecondary radar data onlySecretary <strong>of</strong> StateSecretary <strong>of</strong> Transponationsealift enhan=nem feature(s)selective releaseselected reservespecial electronics mission aircraftStaDdard Embarkation Management Systemsignal entrance panel; spherical error probablesurvival, evasion, resistance, escapesurvival, evasion, resistance, escape, recoveryspecial forces; single frequencyshore fire conttol panyspecial forces groupspecaal composition.eB-71
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BSFOBSFOD-AIB/CSGSGSISHAPESliDSBFSBORADSBORADEZSlSIASICRSIDSIDSSIFSIGSIGINTSIGSECSINCGARSSINSSlOPSIOP-FSISIRSISSITSITREPSJASJSSKESLSLAMSLARSLBMSLCSLCPSLDSLEPSLGRSLOCSLWTSMspecial forces operations basespecial forces operational detachment-AlBICsupergroupstabilized glide slope indicatorSupreme Headquaners Allied Powers Europespecial h<strong>and</strong>ling designatorsuper-high frequencyshort-range air defense.short-range air defense engagement zonespecial intelligencestation <strong>of</strong> initial assignmentspecific intelligence collection requirementsecondary imagery disseminationSecondary Imagery Dissemination System .selective identification featuresignalsignals imeUigencesignals securitySingle-cbalmel <strong>and</strong> Airborne Radio Systemship's inertial navigation systemSingle Integrated Operation PlanSingle Integrated Operation Plan-Extremely SensitiveInformationserious incideut reponspecial information systemsspecial interest targetsituation reportStaff Judge AdvocateSecretary, <strong>Joint</strong> Staffstation keeping equipmentsealevel; s~tQbl~orstaDd-<strong>of</strong>f laDd attack missileside looking airborne radarsea-launched ballistic missilesalellite laser COIDIIlUDicationsship's loading cbaracteristics pamphlet; ship lighterage controlpointsystem liDk designatorService Life Extension programsmall, lightweight ground receiver (GPS)sea tiDe <strong>of</strong> communicationside loadable warping tugSecretary, <strong>Joint</strong> Staff, Memor<strong>and</strong>um; searcbmaster (Canadian);B-72
•SMCSM~RSMEBSMEOSMFI'SMIOSMOSMRISMUSNCOSNIESNLCSNMsoSOAsocSOCASOCCESOC CENTSOCCI'SOCEURSOCLANTSOCPSOCPACSOCRATESSOCSOUTRSODSODARSSOESOFSOFASOFARSOGSOlSO LAS<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-01Appendix BStaff Memor<strong>and</strong>umsearch <strong>and</strong> rescue (SAR) mission coordinator; system mastercatalog; midpoint compromise track spacingSelected Marine Corps Reservesignificant military exercise briefsmall end <strong>of</strong>ficesemitrailer mounted fabric tanksearch <strong>and</strong> rescue (SAR) mission information <strong>of</strong>ficerstrategic mobility <strong>of</strong>fice(r)service message routing indicatorspecial mission unitstaff noncommissioned <strong>of</strong>ficerspecial national intelligence estimatesSenior North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) LogisticiansConfereocesystem notification messagespecial operations; safety observerseparate operating agency; special operations aviation; speed <strong>of</strong>advancespecial operations comm<strong>and</strong>special operations communications assemblyspecial operations comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control elementSpecial Operations Component, United States Central Comm<strong>and</strong>special operations combat conttol teamSpecial Operations Component, United States EuropeanComm<strong>and</strong>Special Operations COmponent, United States Atlantic Comm<strong>and</strong>special operatious communication packageSpecial Operations Component, United States Pacific Comm<strong>and</strong>Special Operations Comm<strong>and</strong>, Research, Analysis, <strong>and</strong> ThreatEvaluation SystemSpecial Operatious Component, United States SouthernComm<strong>and</strong>special operations division; Strategy <strong>and</strong> Options Decision(PPBS)special operations debrief <strong>and</strong> retrieval systemspecial operatious executivespecial operations forcesstatus <strong>of</strong> forces agreementSOUDd fixing <strong>and</strong> rangingspecial operatious groupsignal operating instructioussafety <strong>of</strong> life at seaB-73
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>Appeodix BSOLESOLLSOMSOMPFSOPSORTSsosSOSBsoscSOSESOSRSOTAsowSOWTSOWTITESPSPASPACCSPADOCSPCCSPECSPECATSPINSSPINTCOMMSPIREPSPLXSPMSPOCSPODSPOESPSSPSCSP'I'D CMDSFI'G CMDSRSR-UAVSRASRAMSRBSRBMSRCSRCCspecial operations liaison elementspecial operations low-levelstan <strong>of</strong> messagespecial operations mission planning folderst<strong>and</strong>ing operating proceduresStatus <strong>of</strong> Resources <strong>and</strong> Training Systemspecial operations squadronspecial operations support baualionspecial operations supJX>rt comm<strong>and</strong> (theater army)special operations staff elementsuppress, obscure, secure, <strong>and</strong> reducesignals intelligence (SIGINT) operational tasking authorityspecial operations wing; swement <strong>of</strong> workspecial operations weather teamspecial operations weather team/tactical elememsecurity policespecial psychological operations (PSYOP) assessmentspace conttol centerspace defense operations centerships parts control center (USN)specifiedspecial categoryspecial instructionsSpecial Intelligence Communications H<strong>and</strong>ling Systemspot intelligence report; special intelligence reportsimplexsingle point mooringsearch <strong>and</strong> rescue points <strong>of</strong> contactseaport <strong>of</strong> debarkationseaport <strong>of</strong> embarkationspecial PSYOP studysystem planning <strong>and</strong> system controlsupponed comm<strong>and</strong>supporting comm<strong>and</strong>special reconnaissanceshort-range unmanned aerial vehiclespecialized-repair activityshort-range air-to-surface attack missile<strong>Joint</strong> Operation Planning <strong>and</strong> Execution System ReviewBoard; S<strong>of</strong>tware Release Bulletinshort-range ballistic missilest<strong>and</strong>ard requirements code; survival recovery centerservice reserve coordination centerB-74
..•~\SRCESRFSRIGSRGSRPSRRSRSSRTSRUSRWBRssSS (number)ss~SSBSSCRASSBNsscoSSISSMSSMSSSNssoSSPsssssscSTST&ESTASTAdkSTARSTAMMISSTANAGSTARSTARCSTCSTDS11CSSTODSTONSTOVLSTP<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>Appendix Btransponation sourcesecure Reserve forceSurveillance, Reconnaissance, <strong>and</strong> Intelligence Group (USMC)shan-range aircraftseaward recovery point; sealift reserve program; SealiftReadiness Program; SlOP Reconnaissance Plansearch <strong>and</strong> rescue regionsearch <strong>and</strong> rescue sectorspecial reaction teamsearch <strong>and</strong> rescue unitshon range wide b<strong>and</strong> radiosubmarinesea swe (number)Special Suppon Activity (NSA)single side b<strong>and</strong>Soldiers <strong>and</strong> Sailors Civil Relief Actfleet ballistic missile submarineshipper's service conttol <strong>of</strong>ficest<strong>and</strong>ing signal instructionsurface-to-surface missilesingle shelter message switchattack submarine, nuclearspot security <strong>of</strong>fice; special security <strong>of</strong>ficersignals intelligence (SIGINT) Suppon PlanSelective Service Systemsurface, subsurface search surveillance coordinationstrike team; small tug; shan tonsecurity test <strong>and</strong> evaluationsystem tape Astation clockscheduled theater airlift routeSt<strong>and</strong>ard Army Multi-comm<strong>and</strong> Management InformationSystemst<strong>and</strong>ardization agreement (NATO)surface-to-air recovery (Fulton)Swe Area Coordinatorssecondary traffic channelst<strong>and</strong>ardscalable transponable intelligence communications systemspecial tedmical operations divisionshon ton(s)sbon take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> venical l<strong>and</strong>ingsecurity teclmical procedureB-75
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BSTRSTRATOPSSTREAMSTSS1TSTU.. STU.mS1WS'IWCSTXsuSUBROCsueSUICSUPESURGSUROBSSURPICsvcSVIPSVLnJSVRsvsSwSWASWATSWBDswcswoSYDPSYSSYSCONstrengthstrategic operations divisionst<strong>and</strong>ard tensioned replenishment alongside methodspecial tactics squadronspecial tactics teamsecure telephone unitsecure telephone unit mstrike warfarestrike warfare comm<strong>and</strong>erstart <strong>of</strong> textsearch unitsubmarine rocketsurf currentservice unit identification codesupervisory comm<strong>and</strong>s programsurgeonsurf observationsurface pictureService(s)Secure Voice Improvement Programservice line termination unitsurface vessel radarsecure voice systemswitchSouthwest Asiaspecial weapons <strong>and</strong> tacticsswitchboardstrike warfare comm<strong>and</strong>er; swelllwave currentstaff weather <strong>of</strong>ficerSix Year Defense Plansystemsystems comrol(\,TTT&DET&ET-ACST-AKRT-ASAsearch time available; trackline pauem; ton (shon)test cl diagnostic equipmenttest <strong>and</strong> evaluationtacdcal auxiUary crane shipfast logistics shipTelevision Audio Suppon AgencyB-76
•T-dayT-netT.O •T/0TNTATAATAJCPTAACOMTAADSTABTACTACSTAC(A)TAC-DTACAIRTACANTACONTACCTACINTELTACLOGTACMTACONTACPTACRONTACSTACSATTADTADCTADILTADSTAFTAFTTAB.TAlTAKTALDTALOTAM COTAMMC<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix Beffective day coincident with Presidential declaration <strong>of</strong> anational emergency <strong>and</strong> authorization <strong>of</strong> panial mobilizationtraining nettechnical ordertable <strong>of</strong> organizationtaDk vesseltheater Armytactical assembly areatechnology assessmemlcontrol planTheater Army Area Comm<strong>and</strong>The Army Authorization Document Systemtactical air baseterminal access controllertactical- air control systemtactical air coordinator (airborne)tactical deceptiontactical airtactical air navigationtactical Controltactical air comm<strong>and</strong> center (USMC); tactical air control center(USN); tanker/airlift control center (USAF) .tactical intelligencetactical-logistical groupTactical Air Comm<strong>and</strong> Manualtactical controltactical air control panytactical air control SquadronTheater Air Control Systemtactical satelliteteq)Orary additiooal duty (non-unit-related personnel); timeavailable for deliverytactical air direction centertactical digital information linkTactical Air Defeuse SystemTactical Air Forcetedmical assistance field teamhospital shipimematiooal atomic time; target <strong>of</strong> interestcargo shiptactical air-launched decoytheater airlift liaison <strong>of</strong>ficerTheater Army Movement Control CenterTheater Army Material Managemem Comm<strong>and</strong>.eB-77
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>Appendix BTAMMIStaDaltTAOTAOCTAORTAPTARETAREXTASTASCIDTASCOTASIPTASOSCTASSTATTAVBTAWTBDTBMTBI\fDTBPTBSLTBTCTCTC-AIMSTCATCCTCCFTCF .TCMTCMDTCNTCSECTDTDATDADTDBMTDDTDFTheater Anny Medical Management <strong>and</strong> Information Systemtangent altitudetactical actions <strong>of</strong>ficertactical air operations center (USMC)tactical area <strong>of</strong> responsibilitytroopshiptactical record evaluationtarget plans <strong>and</strong> ope~ions ·true air speedtactical Automatic Digital Network (AUTODIN) satellitecompensation interface devicetactical automatic switch control <strong>of</strong>ficertailored analytic intelligence support to individual electronicwarfare <strong>and</strong> comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> control w~ projectsTheater Army Special Operations Support Comm<strong>and</strong>tactical automated switch systemtechniCal assistance teamaviation logistics support shiptactical air wingto be determinedtactical ballistic missiletheater ballistic missile defenseto be publishedto be supplied laterTransponable Blood Transshipment Centertidal current; Transportation Corps (Army); transmitclock/telemetry combinerTransponation Coordinator's Automated Information forMovement Systemtime <strong>of</strong> closest approach; terminal conttol areatransportation component comm<strong>and</strong>; transmission control codetactical communications control facilitytactical combat force; technical control facilitytheater construction managertransportation control <strong>and</strong> movement documenttransportation control number. trUSted computer system evaluation criteriatotal drift; timing distributor; transmit dataTable <strong>of</strong> Distribution <strong>and</strong> AllowanceTable <strong>of</strong> Distribution <strong>and</strong> Allowance (TDA) designationtechnical data base managementtarget desired ground zero (DGZ) designatOrtactical digital facsimileB-78
•TDI1DICTDIGTDIMTDMTDMATDMFTDMMTDMXmsGTDSGMmYtechTECH CONTECBDOCTECBINTTEDTELEXTELINTTELNETTEN CAPTERCOMTERPESTEUTFTFETFRTFSTGTGCTGENTGMTGMOWTGTTGUTBREATCONTlTIARATIBSTICTIDSTIFF<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix Btarget data inventorytime division interface conttollertime division interface grouptime division interface moduletime division multiplexedtime division multiple accesstime division matrix functiontime division memory moduletime division matrbttime division switching grouptime division switching group modifiedtemporary duty (non-unit-related personnel); temporary dutytechnicaltechnical conttoltechnical documentationtechnical intelligencetnmk encryption deviceteletypetelemetry. intelligenceteleco•n• •nmication networkTactical Exploitation <strong>of</strong> National Capabilities Programterrain contour matchingTactical Electronic Reconnaissance Processing <strong>and</strong> EvaluationSystemtwenty-foot equivalem unittask forcetrausponation feasibility estimatortemporary flight restrictiontactical fighter squadrontask grouptnmk group clustertable generatetnmk group multiplexertraMDJission group module/orderwiretargettnmk compatibility unitterrorist threat conditionthreat identification; TechnicaliDstruction for WSCstactical intelligence aDd related activitiestactical information broadcast servicetarget information centerTactical Imagery Dissemination Systemtagged image file format
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BTIOTIPTIPGTIPITL11AMTLCTLCFTLPTLRTLXTMTMGTMISTMLTMNTMOTMPTMRTNAPSTNAPS+TO&ETOATOCTOCUTODTOETORTOITO PINTTORTOTTPTPFDDTPFDLTPLTPI'TPTRLTRATRACONTRADOCTRAMW'get imelligence <strong>of</strong>ficerW'get intelligence packageTelephone Interface Planning Guidetactical information processing <strong>and</strong> interpretation systemteam leaderTomahawk l<strong>and</strong>-attack missiletraffic load controlteleconference (WIN) .transmission level pointtrailerteletYPeteam member; tactical missile; Technical Manual; TROPOmodemtimingTheater Medical Information Systemterminaltrackline multiunit non-returntransportation· management <strong>of</strong>ficeTelecommunications Management ProgramtrackliDe multiunit returnTactical Network Analysis <strong>and</strong> Planning SystemTactical Network Analysis <strong>and</strong> Planning System Plustable <strong>of</strong> organimion <strong>and</strong> equipmenttable <strong>of</strong> allowancetactical operatiODS centerTROPO orderwire conttol unittime-<strong>of</strong>4lytable <strong>of</strong> organizadon <strong>and</strong> equipmenttop <strong>of</strong> billtrack <strong>of</strong> interesttechnical operational intelligenceterms <strong>of</strong> referencetime on targetTechnical <strong>Pub</strong>licationtime-phased force <strong>and</strong> deployment datatime-phased force <strong>and</strong> deployment listtecbnical publications list; Telephone Private Linestactical petroleum terminalTime-Phased Trausporwion Requiremenrs Listteclmical review authorityterminal radar approach control facilityUnited States Army Training <strong>and</strong> Doctrine Comm<strong>and</strong>wget recognition attack multisensor/"\
..~·-.. :,·- .. ~i (·"-.JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix B•TRANSECTRAPTRCTRCCTRETREETRI·TACTRKTROPOTRSTSTSBTSBFBTSCMTSCOTSGTSGCETSMTSNTSOTSPTSRTSSTSSPTSSR1T1T&C1TLTIPTIT1TU1TYTUBATUCBATUCBAREPnJDETTVATW/AA1WCTWCMTWDStransmission securitytactical related applicationstactical radio communication, transmission release codetactical record communications centertactical receive equipmentttansient radiation effects on electronicsTri-Service Tactical Communications Programtruck; ttunktropospheric scatter; tropospheretactical reconnaissance squadronterminal service; top secrettrunk signaling buffertrunk signaling buffer ·s"technical surveillance countermeasurestop secret conttol <strong>of</strong>ficertest signal generatortri-Servi~ group on communications aDd electronicstrunk signaling messagetrackline single-unit non-returntelecomnnmic:ations service orderteleconununications service prioritytrackline single-unit return; telecomnnmications servicerequesttimesbariDg system; traffic service station; time signal set;Tactical Shelter Systemtactical satellite signal processortropospheric scatter (tROPO)-satellite suppon radiotermiDa1 transfertelemetry, tracking, <strong>and</strong> comm<strong>and</strong>ingtransistor-transistor logictactics, tecbniques, <strong>and</strong> procedurestime to targettraDSpOrtation termiDa1 unitteletypetransition unit box assembly· Type Unit Characteristics FileType Unit Characteristics ReponTjpe Unit Equipment Detail FileTennessee Valley Authoritytactical warning aDd attack assessmenttotal water currenttheater wartime consnuction managerTactical Water Distribution SystemB-81
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BTWPLTWXTXTYCOMteletypewriter private linesteletypewriter exchangetransmitter; transmit·type comm<strong>and</strong>eruuU/CUAVUCPUCTUDCUDESCUDPUDR&EUDTUFOUHFUICUICIOUIRVUISULCULNUKUMDUMIBUNUNCUNAAFUNITAFUNITREPUNOUNODIRUNSCUP&1TURDBUSAUSABUSACCSAw~speedupconvenerunmanned aerial vehicleUnified Comm<strong>and</strong> Planunderwater construction teamunit descriptor codeunit descriptionunit deployment programUnder Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense for Research <strong>and</strong> EngineeringUDderwaler demolition teamultra high frequeDcy (UHF) Follow-on Satellite Systemultra high frequeDcyunit identification codeunit identification code information <strong>of</strong>ficerunique interswitch rekeying variableUnit Identification Systemunit level codeunit line IIUIDberUDited Kingdomunit manning document wurgent marine information broadcastUni~Natio~UDited Nations CommaDdUnified Action Armed Forcesunified task forceUnit Status aDd Identity Rcponunit numberunless otherwise directedUDited NatioDS Security CoUDCilunit personnel aDd tonnage tableuser requirements data baseUnited States ArmyUnited States Army BarracksUnited Swes Army Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control Suppon Agency
'I.··,.: '' :·:·. '' . '<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BUSACIDCUSA COMUSAFUSAFEUSAFEPUSAFLANTUSAFRUSAFSOCUSAFSOFUS AIDUSAISCUSAITACUSAJFKSWCUSAMMAUS AMPSUSARUSARCENTUSAREURUSARLANTUSARPACUSARSOUSASOCUSBuscUSCENTAFUSCENTCOMUSCGUSCINCCENTUSCINCEURUSCINCPACUSCINCSOUSCINCSOCUSCINCSPACEUSCINCSTRATUSCINCTRANSUSDA&TUSDPUSDAOUSDELMCUSDPUSDRUnited States Army Criminal Investigations Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Atlantic Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Air ForceUnited States Air Forces in EuropeUnited States Air Forces Europe pamphletUnited States Air Force, United Swes Atlantic Comm<strong>and</strong>United ·States Air Force ReserveUnited States Air Forces, United States Special OperationsComm<strong>and</strong> ··United States Air Force Special Operations ForcesUnited States Agency for International DevelopmentUnited States Army Information System Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Army Intelligence Threat Analysis CenterUnited States Army John F. Kennedy Special Warfare CenterUnited States Army Medical Materiel AgencyUnited States Army <strong>Military</strong> Police SchoolUnited States Army ReserveUnited States Army Forces, United States Cemral Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Army Forces, United States European Comm<strong>and</strong>United Swes.Army Forces, United States Atlantic Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Army Forces, United States Pacific Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Army Forces, United States Southern Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Army Special Operations Comm<strong>and</strong>upper side baudUnited States CodeUnited States Central Comm<strong>and</strong> Air ForcesUnited States Central Comm<strong>and</strong>. United States Coast GuardComm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, United States Central Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Comm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, EuropeComm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, United States Pacific Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, United States Southern Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, United States Special OperationsComm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, United States Space Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, United States Sttategic Comm<strong>and</strong>Comm<strong>and</strong>er in Chief, United States Transponation Comm<strong>and</strong>UDder Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense for Acquisition <strong>and</strong> TechnologyUDder Secretary Of Defense for PolicyUnited States Defense Attache OfficeUnited States Delegation to the NATO <strong>Military</strong> CommitteeUDder Secretary <strong>of</strong> Defense for PolicyUnited States Defense Representative
JoiDt <strong>Pub</strong> 1-olAppendix BUSDR&EUSELEMNORADUSERIDUSEUCOMUSFJUSFKUSFORAZORESUSGUSIAUSLANTFLTUSLOUSMARFORCENTUSMARFORLANTUSMARFORPACUSMARFORSOUTBUSMCUSMCR.USMCEBUSMERUSMILGPUSMILREPUSMTFUSMTMUSNUSNRUSNAVCENTUSNAVEURUSNMRUSNSUSPACAFUSPACOMUSPACFLTUSREPMCUSSOCOMUSSOUTBAFUSSOUTBCOMUSSPACECOMusssUSSTRATCOMUnder Secretary <strong>of</strong> DefeDse for Research <strong>and</strong> EngineeringUnited States Element, Nonh American Air Defense Comm<strong>and</strong>user identificationUnited States European Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Forces JapanUnited States Forces KoreaUnited States Forces AzoresUnited States Government. United States Information AgencyUnited States Atlamic FleetUnited States Liaison OfficerUnited States Marine Component, United States CentralCorDm<strong>and</strong>United States Marine Component, United States AtlamicComm<strong>and</strong>United States Marine Component, United States PacificComm<strong>and</strong>United StateS Marine Component, United States SouthernComm<strong>and</strong>United States Marine CorpsUnited States Marine Corps ReserveUnited States <strong>Military</strong> Communications-Electronics BoardUnited States Merchant Ship Vessel Locator Reportiug SystemUnited States <strong>Military</strong> GroupUnited States <strong>Military</strong> RepresentativeUnited States message text formatUnited States <strong>Military</strong> TrainiDs MissionUnited States NavyUnited States Navy ReserveUnited States Naval Forces, United States Central Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Naval Forces, United States European Comm<strong>and</strong>United States NatiODal <strong>Military</strong> RepresentativeUnited States Naval ShipUnited States Air Forces, United States Pacific CommarvtUnited States Pacific Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Pacific FleetUnited States Representative to the <strong>Military</strong> Committee (NATO)United States Special Operatioas Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Air Forces, United States Southern Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Southern Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Space Comm<strong>and</strong>United States Signals Intelligence (SIGINT) SystemUnited States Strategic Comm<strong>and</strong>()\~~I
" ..l! ~· ,i ('- •.. ~. :·/' . t~,<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>· ,,. Appendix BUSTRANSCOMUTUTCUTMUTOUVEPROMvwvvV/STOLVAVACVARVALVATBveevcovcxoVDCVDRVDSDVDUVDUCVEBVERTREPVFVFRVFTGVHFVIVICE.VIDOCVINSON.VIPUnited States Transponation Comm<strong>and</strong>universal timeunit type code; coordinated universal timeuniversal transverse mercatorunit table <strong>of</strong> organizationultraviolet erasable programmable read only memoryunconventional warfarevsector pattern; SRU ground speed; voltvelocity <strong>of</strong> target driftvenical/sbon take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing aircraftVeterans Administration; vulnerability assessmentvolts alternating currentvessel arrival data, list <strong>of</strong> vessels available to marine safety<strong>of</strong>fices aDd captains <strong>of</strong> the pon(weather) visibility (in miles), amount (<strong>of</strong> clouds, in eighths),(height <strong>of</strong> cloud) top (in thous<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> feet), (height <strong>of</strong> cloud)base (in thous<strong>and</strong>s <strong>of</strong> feet)voice communications circuitvoltage controlled oscillatorvoltage controlled crystal oscillator; voltage controlledoscillatorvolts direct currentvoice digitization rarevisual distress signaling devicevisual display unitvisual display unit controllervehicular cargo; vehiclevertical replenishmentvoice frequencyvisual fligbt rulesvoice frequency telegraphvery high frequencyvisual informationadvicevisual information documentationencrypted ultra high frequency communications systemvery important person; visual information processor
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-GlAppendix BVIPERVLAVLFVLRVMCVNTKvocuVODvolVOLSVORVORTACvoxvsVS&PI'VSPVSRVTCVTOLVTOL-UAVvuw" W-dayWAGBWAMWAMPMOWARMWARMAPSWASOWASPvenical take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing integrated platform for extendedreconnaissancevisual l<strong>and</strong>ing aidvery low frequencyvery-long-range aircraftvisual meteorological conditionswget wlnerability indicator designating degree <strong>of</strong> hardness;susceptibility <strong>of</strong> blast; <strong>and</strong> K-factorvoice orderwire control unitvenical onboard deliveryvolumevenical optical l<strong>and</strong>ing systemvery high frequency omnidirectional range swionVHF omnidirectional range swionltactical air navigationvoice actuation (keying)sector single-unitvehicle summary aud priority tablevoice selection· panelsector siDgle-unit radarvideo teleconferencingvenical take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ingvenical take<strong>of</strong>f <strong>and</strong> l<strong>and</strong>ing umnanned aerial vehiclevolume unitwsweep widthsearch subarea widthdeclared by the NCA, W~y is associated with an adversarydecision to prepare for waricebreaker (USCG)Worldwide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System (WWMCCS)Automated Data Processing (ADP) Modernization ProgramWorldwide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System (WWMCCS)Automated Data Processing (ADP) Modernization Program(W AM) Program Management Officewartime reserve modeswartime manpower planning systemWorldwide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System (WWMCCS)Automated Data Processing (ADP) security <strong>of</strong>ficerWar Air Service Program!'\ \/]r...__/
:_.._.,,·r • • •'e~>;;:..-;\aWASSMWASSOWATASOWATCBCONWBweWETMWEZWGSWGs-84WBECWIINRSWBNSWBNSIMSWHOWIAWINWINDWISWISDIMWISPWITSWLGWMECWMOWMPWNINTELWODWORMWPAWPALWPB<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-0lAppendix BWorldwide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System (WWMCCS)Automated Data Processing (ADP) system security managerWorldwide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System (WWMCCS)Automated Data Processing (ADP) system security <strong>of</strong>ficerWorldwide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System (WWMCCS)Automated Data Processing (ADP) tenninal area security .<strong>of</strong>ficerwatch conditionwideb<strong>and</strong>wind currentweather teamweapon engagement zoneWorld Geodetic SystemWorld Geodetic System 1984. high-endurance cutter. (USCG)wanime host-nation religious supponwartime host-nation supponWartime .Host Nation Suppon Information Management SystemWorld Health Organizationwounded in actionWorldwide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System (WWMCCS)Intercomputer NetworkWorldwide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System (WWMCCS)lntercomputer Network DirectorWorldwide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System (WWMCCS)Information SystemWIS <strong>Dictionary</strong> for IDformation Management; Warfighting <strong>and</strong>Intelligence Systems <strong>Dictionary</strong> for Information ManagementWanime Information Security ProgramWorldwide <strong>Military</strong> Commarvt <strong>and</strong> Control System (WWMCCS)St<strong>and</strong>ard Graphics Terminal (WSGn Intelligent TerminalSystemWashington liaison groupCoast Guard medium-endurance cutterWorld Meteorological OrganizationAir Force War <strong>and</strong> Mobilization Plan; War <strong>and</strong> MobilizationPlanwarning notice-intelligence sources ~r methods involvedword-<strong>of</strong>-daywrite once read manywater jet propulsion assemblywanime personnel allowance listCoast Guard patrol boat
<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1-<strong>02</strong>Appendix BWPMWPNWRMWRSWRSKwscWSEWSESRBWSGTWTWTCAWuWWABNCPWWDWWIMSWWMCCSWWSVCSwxwords per minuteweapon(s)war reserve materielwar reserve stockwar reserve spares kit; war readiness spares kitWorldwide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System (WWMCCS)llllercomputer Network (WIN) site coordinatorweapon suppon equipmentWeapon System Explosive Safety Review BoardWorlawide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> <strong>and</strong> Control System (WWMCCS)StaDdard Graphics Terminalgross weight; warping tug; weightwater terminal clearance authorityuucorrected sweep widthworldwide airborne CQDUDind postWorld WarDWorldwide Warning <strong>and</strong> Indicator Monitoring SystemWorldwide <strong>Military</strong> Comm<strong>and</strong> aDd Control SystemWorldwide Secure Voice Conferencing SystemweatberX·~~,XXCVRxoXSBinitial position errortransceiverexecutive <strong>of</strong>ficerbarrier siDgle unityyYRsearch aDd rescue unit (SRU) erroryear( .,.~'\I
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<strong>Joint</strong> <strong>Pub</strong> 1.<strong>02</strong>Appendix Bb.""/- -(INTENTIONALLY BLANK)B-90
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