Calibration of a Terrestrial Laser Scanner - Institute of Geodesy and ...

List of Figures3.22 Residuals of the horizontal encoder 453.23 Residuals of the vertical encoder 473.24 Angular3.25 Principle3.26 AdjustingResolution 48of the laser scanner and the axes of rotation 49Circle 513.27 Aliasing effects based on sampling 533.28 Laser scanner mounted on a granite table directly without usinga tribrach 553.29 Inclination values of three data series 563.30 Amplitude spectrum derived by Fourier analysis 573.31 Inclination values of a data series including the sine curve of the levellingerror 583.32 Collimation error applied to the laser scanner 593.33 Eccentricityof the collimation axis 603.34 Influence of the errors of the collimation axis in horizontal direction 613.35 Eccentricity of the collimation axis in horizontal direction 623.36 Influence of the errors of the collimation axis in vertical direction 633.37 Intensity of reflected laser beam 653.38 Influence of the angle of incidence on the size of the footprintof the laser beam 663.39 Influence of the angle of incidence to the distance precision 663.40 Influence of the angle of incidence to the distance accuracy 673.41 Influence of the angle3.42 Surface backscatteringof incidence 68and refractional effects 683.43 Distance accuracy of materials 693.44 Distance accuracy of metal 693.45 3D single point precision 713.46 3D object point accuracy 714.1 Geometrical interpretation of mixed pixels 754.2 Mixed pixels occurred near objects 754.3 Effect of multipath 764.4 Noise in laser scanning data oriented along the measuringdirection 774.5 Types of artificial targets used for laser scanning 814.6 Examples for NURBS modeling 844.7 CAD 855.1 Laser scanner mounted on the test trolleyof the calibration track line 895.2 Azimuthal orientation of the laser scanner 905.3 Installation of a prismontopof the laser scanner 915.4 Experimental setup for deriving the rotation time T directly 935.5 Mathematical relations for deriving center angle a (method 1) 945.6 Influence of a deflection angle S of the autocollimation mirror 965.7 Arrangement of the two photodiodes 975.8 Measured time delay At for 12.5 rps, 25 rps and 33 rps 985.9 Work flow for total station data 1035.10 Samplinginterval of total station 1045.11 Polynomial interpolation 1055.12 The Kaiman Filter cycle 1076.1 Road section to be investigated 1106.2 Cross section of one lane of the road Ill6.3 Point cloud of road section Ill