Cabbage Integrated Pest Management : An Ecological Guide.

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Cabbage Crop DevelopmentStage 6: Cupping. Approximately 20 to 26leaves. The innermost heart leaves, which arestill growing in an upright fashion, are concealedby the larger, older leaves surrounding them. Allvisible leaves will later become the frame leaves(leaves not touching the mature head) of themature plant.Stage 7: Early head formation. Head diameterwill be approximately 10 cm. The inner heartleaves, now quickly developing as a ball-likestructure of overlapping leaves, are concealed bythe surrounding larger leaves. These leaves donot press tightly against the developing head andwill later unfold to become frame leaves.Stage 8: Head fill. Head diameter will beapproximately 10 - 20 cm. A firm roundhead is visible within the wrapper leaves(the 4 outer loose leaves that touch themature head). The head has not yet fullydeveloped and thus, is not ofharvestable size.Stage 9: Mature. Head diameter will beapproximately 15 - 30 cm. No new visible leafproduction will occur after the head hasattained maximum hardness and size. Thehead is ready for harvest and may split if notharvested in time.7 Cabbage Ecological Guide - 2000
Cabbage Crop Development2.2 Susceptibility of growth stages to cabbage pestsWhether various pest and disease species that attack cabbage plants will cause yield loss dependspartly on the growth stage of the plant. Injury to the older leaves at a late stage in crop development forexample, will not influence the final yield. Spraying a fungicide to control a slight Alternaria leafspotinfection occurring at the older leaves, is simply a waste of money.For fresh market cabbages for example, the quality could be reduced if even slight injury occurs on thewrapper leaves or the head. In earlier stages, stages 1 to 6 however, the wrapper leaves are not yetpresent and injury need only be prevented if a loss in head weight (yield) is expected. The cabbage plantcan compensate for a lot of injury by producing more leaves.In the TOT and FFS, studies on defoliation and removal of the growing point can be conducted to obtaininformation about compensation ability of the cabbage plant. An example is given in the box below.Compensation study result from Ban Nongkeo, Vientiane, Lao PDRDuring a field study by farmers of the village of Ban Nongkeo, farmers defoliatedcabbage plants for 25% and 50% at both 14 and 28 days after transplanting(DAT) and looked at resulting yields compared to an undefoliated control.Defoliation simulates the effect of leaf damage due to leaf-eating insects like diamondbackmoth.L A O SFarmers found that all 4 defoliation treatments had no effect on yield compared to the control,in fact, yields were the same or slightly higher in the treatments. Farmers concluded thatlimited defoliation in the first month after transplanting did not affect yield.(from: FFS on IPM in tomato and cabbage, Lao PDR, Nov 98 – Mar99).Some pests are present throughout the season and can affect cabbage at any growth stage. They willonly affect the quality or yield at susceptible growth stages. Damage, and impact of damage on yield, willalso depend on the cabbage variety grown, and other elements of the ecosystem like natural enemies,weather conditions, fertilizer, water availability and so on.Always analyse all components of the agro-ecosystem andtheir interactions when making crop management decisions!The following table (2.2) shows when potential injury from common cabbage pests and diseases mayoccur at specific growth stages. Please note that these are general values. There may be considerabledifference in each region!Cabbage Ecological Guide - 20008
Page 2 and 3: Why this guide?About this guideThis
Page 5 and 6: Introduction1.4 Cabbage: a bit of h
Page 7: Cabbage Crop DevelopmentPresently t
Page 11: Major Agronomic Practices3MAJOR AGR
Page 14 and 15: Major Agronomic Practices3.2.3 Seed
Page 16 and 17: Major Agronomic PracticesUse protec
Page 18 and 19: Major Agronomic Practices3.4.2 Soil
Page 20 and 21: Major Agronomic Practicesthan 7, th
Page 22 and 23: Major Agronomic Practices3.4.7 Soil
Page 24 and 25: Major Agronomic PracticesSome of th
Page 26 and 27: Major Agronomic PracticeslllCreates
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Page 34 and 35: Major Agronomic PracticesEffects of
Page 36 and 37: Major Agronomic PracticesAn example
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Page 44 and 45: Major Agronomic PracticesTransplant
Page 46 and 47: Major Agronomic Practices3.9 Water
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Ecology of Insect Pests and Natural
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Major Cabbage Insect Pests5MAJOR CA
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Major Cabbage Insect PestsDiadegma
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Major Cabbage Insect PestsTrap crop
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Major Cabbage Insect PestsThe sad s
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Major Cabbage Insect PestsPlant dam
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Major Cabbage Insect PestsJ Free bi
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Major Cabbage Insect Pestsbeetles.
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Major Cabbage Insect Pestsinstars f
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Major Cabbage Insect Pests¤Points
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Major Cabbage Insect PestsSome NPV
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Major Cabbage Insect PestsAdults ar
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Major Cabbage Insect PestsThe adult
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Major Cabbage Insect PestsLarval de
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Major Cabbage Insect PestsLife cycl
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Major Cabbage Insect Pests5.10 Whit
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Major Cabbage Insect PestsParasitic
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Major Cabbage Insect PestsRelated e
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Major Natural Enemies of Cabbage In
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Disease Ecology7.1 Plant diseases a
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Disease Ecology7.3 How diseases spr
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Disease EcologyThe disease triangle
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Disease Ecologygrowth malformations
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Disease Ecology7.8 Control or manag
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Disease Ecologycontaminated seeds :
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Disease EcologyTrichoderma species
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Major Diseases of Cabbage8MAJORDISE
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Major Diseases of CabbageRole of en
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Major Diseases of CabbageOnce there
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Major Diseases of Cabbage· Practic
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Major Diseases of Cabbage¤Points t
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Major Diseases of Cabbagespores wit
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Major Diseases of Cabbage¤Points t
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Major Diseases of Cabbagebut does n
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Major Diseases of Cabbage8.7 Downy
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Major Diseases of Cabbage8.8 Black
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Major Diseases of CabbageNitrogen (
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Weed Management9WEEDMANAGEMENTSUMMA
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Weed ManagementBroadleaf weeds or g
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Weed Managementcompost or it may be
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Weed Management· Check details of
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Weed ManagementTherefore, to date,
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Rodent ManagementRats are a common
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Rodent Management10.4 Rat managemen
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Rodent Management10.4.4 Biological
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Key to Some Common Cabbage Insect P
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Literature and Internet Reference L
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PESTS & DISEASES COMMON TO CABBAGEP
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Plate 3Fig. 13 : Advanced symptoms
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deficiency symptoms ---------------
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chemical --------------------------
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