- Page 3 and 4:
(c) examine the principles relevant
- Page 5 and 6:
The Inquiry’s recommendations are
- Page 7 and 8:
child. We’d like to take this bab
- Page 9 and 10:
The benefits that influenced the pa
- Page 11 and 12:
Confidential submission 843, Queens
- Page 14:
Fair 23.4% 13.0%Poor 5.7% 2.4%Not s
- Page 18 and 19:
The Inquiry is aware that many othe
- Page 21 and 22:
Part 2Tracing the HistoryC h a p t
- Page 23 and 24:
appointed a Select Committee to inq
- Page 25 and 26:
The ‘protectionist’ legislation
- Page 27:
From this time on, States began ado
- Page 30 and 31:
For the Aboriginal child growing up
- Page 33 and 34:
3 New South Wales and the ACTAt Dar
- Page 35 and 36:
Indigenous children from their fami
- Page 37 and 38:
1933 and to those resisting removal
- Page 39 and 40:
towards their people since the time
- Page 41 and 42:
By the late 1930s it was clear the
- Page 43 and 44:
Mt Penang Training Centre [in the e
- Page 45 and 46:
had died.In Sydney my mother and Es
- Page 47 and 48:
She made us stay up late sewing, kn
- Page 49 and 50:
her family background made sure of
- Page 51 and 52:
and publicity that occurs with prop
- Page 53 and 54:
on the conditions under which Indig
- Page 55 and 56:
was rare for legal representation t
- Page 57 and 58:
whatever. Considering I come from a
- Page 59 and 60:
Aboriginal Child Care Agency (VACCA
- Page 61 and 62:
unacceptable or unchristian-like be
- Page 63 and 64:
government policy until at least 19
- Page 65 and 66:
Forcible separation through the dor
- Page 67 and 68:
ecome very frightened of her. We cl
- Page 69 and 70:
leave or escape from such reserve o
- Page 71 and 72:
and financial responsibilities.In 1
- Page 73 and 74:
Night is drawing nearThis always up
- Page 75 and 76:
several days later that she was adm
- Page 77 and 78:
than an Aboriginal Penal Colony. Ou
- Page 79 and 80:
6 Tasmania… there does not appear
- Page 81 and 82:
Ten years later few of the Islander
- Page 83 and 84:
with that. It was just the way of l
- Page 85 and 86:
in Tasmania. The idea being to even
- Page 87 and 88:
and my brothers and sisters.Confide
- Page 89 and 90:
domestic and farm work. Under the I
- Page 91 and 92:
If the police sent me only the most
- Page 93 and 94:
[In 1926] came a visit from A.J. Ne
- Page 95 and 96:
‘neglect’ was not a justificati
- Page 97 and 98:
accepted into the state schools. Fr
- Page 99 and 100:
I never received any money from my
- Page 101 and 102:
Several more years passed and I sti
- Page 103 and 104:
8 South AustraliaThe general opinio
- Page 105 and 106:
South lobbied for the power to remo
- Page 107 and 108:
In 1936 David Unaipon spoke on the
- Page 109 and 110:
Confidential submission 112, South
- Page 111 and 112: tried to place all Indigenous child
- Page 113 and 114: culture was gone, our family was go
- Page 115 and 116: Goldsmith, argued for the establish
- Page 117 and 118: At The Bungalow in the 1920s about
- Page 119 and 120: future ‘absorption’. He wanted
- Page 121 and 122: The stated intentions of the missio
- Page 123 and 124: The assembled children were loaded
- Page 125 and 126: emoval only on a children’s court
- Page 127 and 128: Department of Aboriginal Affairs wh
- Page 129 and 130: All the girls slept in one dormitor
- Page 131 and 132: Part 3Consequences of RemovalChapte
- Page 133 and 134: Totality of separationThe overwhelm
- Page 135 and 136: When I first met my mother - when I
- Page 137 and 138: Institutional conditionsThe living
- Page 139 and 140: Confidential evidence, New South Wa
- Page 141 and 142: Sexual assaults reported by Inquiry
- Page 143 and 144: A good home with a kindly mistress
- Page 145 and 146: They had to - if they didn’t do i
- Page 147 and 148: and babies, infants and young child
- Page 149 and 150: Confidential submission 109, Queens
- Page 151 and 152: We were constantly told that we did
- Page 153 and 154: of religion to us. We used to have
- Page 155 and 156: poverty. These in turn cause their
- Page 157 and 158: He says looking within himself that
- Page 159 and 160: Most families provide growing child
- Page 161: (Wolkind and Rutter 1984 page 47).
- Page 165 and 166: Confidential submission 126, Victor
- Page 167 and 168: Helen Siggers, a former nursing sis
- Page 169 and 170: sense of being different from other
- Page 171 and 172: The Sydney Aboriginal Mental Health
- Page 173 and 174: The following table summarises the
- Page 175 and 176: The effects of separation from the
- Page 177 and 178: The policies of separation were oft
- Page 179 and 180: It is possible for Aboriginal peopl
- Page 181 and 182: aged between 6 months and 7 years.]
- Page 183 and 184: Eventually I got married when I was
- Page 185 and 186: The effects on family and community
- Page 187 and 188: profound disadvantages (‘other li
- Page 189 and 190: That’s also impacted on my own li
- Page 191 and 192: Association in the Northern Territo
- Page 193 and 194: I look at my son today who had to b
- Page 195 and 196: Now I understand why Mum is the way
- Page 197 and 198: emoved. More than one-third of thos
- Page 199 and 200: Mother Jenny:Jenny grew up in a cha
- Page 201 and 202: He was about 6 month becaus he was
- Page 203 and 204: articulated needs to trace their fa
- Page 205 and 206: Quoted by Link-Up (NSW) submission
- Page 207 and 208: Bonds broken foreverEven for those
- Page 209 and 210: I was in one of the cottages [in a
- Page 211 and 212: the last she saw of him. She said t
- Page 213 and 214:
We kept in contact with one another
- Page 215 and 216:
Part 4ReparationKooris Come in All
- Page 217 and 218:
Two broad periodsBroadly speaking t
- Page 219 and 220:
the kingdom. The law defended indiv
- Page 221 and 222:
Jaggs 1986 page 7). However, no Sta
- Page 223 and 224:
The manner in which children were t
- Page 225 and 226:
page 211; see also Ex parte Earl of
- Page 227 and 228:
Source: Appendices to this report.F
- Page 229 and 230:
understanding. Indigenous children
- Page 231 and 232:
Nations Resolution of 1946, followe
- Page 233 and 234:
Article 2 states that,Everyone is e
- Page 235 and 236:
The Convention confirmed that genoc
- Page 237 and 238:
the extent to which that intention
- Page 239 and 240:
y Australia in July 1949, came into
- Page 241 and 242:
14 Making ReparationThe Government
- Page 243 and 244:
A human rights frameworkPrinciples
- Page 245 and 246:
(submission 754 page 50).The Broome
- Page 247 and 248:
(c) An official declaration or a ju
- Page 249 and 250:
There would be few Aboriginal peopl
- Page 251 and 252:
On behalf of our constituent nation
- Page 253 and 254:
It must be acknowledged that, no ma
- Page 255 and 256:
and effects of forcible removals.Ju
- Page 257 and 258:
[Thus] it will be the relevant indi
- Page 259 and 260:
The significance of Indigenous lang
- Page 261 and 262:
This recommendation extends only to
- Page 263 and 264:
general damages for the pain and su
- Page 265 and 266:
the United Nations Special Rapporte
- Page 267 and 268:
In relation to the compensation iss
- Page 269 and 270:
medical, psychological and social a
- Page 271 and 272:
It should be appreciated that the a
- Page 273 and 274:
Part 5Services for Those AffectedEm
- Page 275 and 276:
Inquiry to examine all services app
- Page 277 and 278:
governments should confine their ro
- Page 279 and 280:
the history of forcible removal and
- Page 281 and 282:
16 Access to Personal and Family Re
- Page 283 and 284:
Little effort has been made to iden
- Page 285 and 286:
What was very disturbing … was th
- Page 287 and 288:
through all of their files to disco
- Page 289 and 290:
Confidentiality provisions within t
- Page 291 and 292:
a former ward who was harmed or abu
- Page 293 and 294:
derogatory and racist language, so
- Page 295 and 296:
family history. Other agencies, how
- Page 297 and 298:
Non-discriminationThe arrangements
- Page 299 and 300:
Adequate resourcesThe deployment of
- Page 301 and 302:
implications’ of this task ‘sho
- Page 303 and 304:
That a consistent approach be adopt
- Page 305 and 306:
and access procedures so that they
- Page 307 and 308:
Murri academic Henrietta Fourmile m
- Page 309 and 310:
Recommendation 29b: That the Counci
- Page 311 and 312:
Royal Commission Recommendation 52
- Page 313 and 314:
can be kept to a minimum because of
- Page 315 and 316:
The SA Aboriginal Child Care Agency
- Page 317 and 318:
• consultation regarding record a
- Page 319 and 320:
operation.The funding constraints l
- Page 321 and 322:
States when James was six. The adop
- Page 323 and 324:
Confidential evidence 553, Northern
- Page 325 and 326:
expectations of two different cultu
- Page 327 and 328:
In other cases psychiatrists do not
- Page 329 and 330:
The need for trauma and grief couns
- Page 331 and 332:
worker is based at the State’s ps
- Page 333 and 334:
The Yorgum Aboriginal Family Counse
- Page 335 and 336:
When we began [in 1991], we were se
- Page 337 and 338:
Most States and the Northern Territ
- Page 339 and 340:
Territory Health Service [must] rec
- Page 341 and 342:
services, Aboriginal and Islander C
- Page 343 and 344:
It is a model that takes into accou
- Page 345 and 346:
There are very strong and cogent ar
- Page 347 and 348:
The effects of forcible removal are
- Page 349 and 350:
needed services. The point was clea
- Page 351 and 352:
Carol[Carol’s grandmother was rem
- Page 353 and 354:
me how to be a good mother. A year
- Page 355 and 356:
statements expressing understanding
- Page 357 and 358:
Policy deficienciesThe general expe
- Page 359 and 360:
Likewise there can be cases where r
- Page 361 and 362:
We have proposed that the churches
- Page 363 and 364:
A further problem is that we alread
- Page 365 and 366:
issues with relevant communities’
- Page 367 and 368:
Part 6Contemporary SeparationsThere
- Page 369 and 370:
disappointment in the family is you
- Page 371 and 372:
when I got my holidays from work. S
- Page 373 and 374:
missing information in both of thes
- Page 375 and 376:
part of welfare practice. The forma
- Page 377 and 378:
integrated into the Aboriginal Chil
- Page 379:
Reliance on a view of culture as fi
- Page 382 and 383:
Non-Indigenous care for Indigenous
- Page 384 and 385:
were placed with non-Aboriginal fos
- Page 386 and 387:
The protocol also provides for CSV
- Page 388 and 389:
identified an urgent need for statu
- Page 390 and 391:
Inadequate consultation with AICCAs
- Page 392 and 393:
The assessment of prospective foste
- Page 394 and 395:
seen as pathological or dysfunction
- Page 396 and 397:
It is not surprising, given the exp
- Page 398 and 399:
Department of Social Security inacc
- Page 400 and 401:
acknowledged and addressed.Conclusi
- Page 402 and 403:
have the scar today.I did not know
- Page 404 and 405:
22 AdoptionThere can be little argu
- Page 406 and 407:
of care (Ban 1993 page 5).• The c
- Page 408 and 409:
and counselling is to ‘explore al
- Page 410 and 411:
Aboriginal child. The Aboriginal ag
- Page 412 and 413:
In possession of this evidence, the
- Page 414 and 415:
Confidential submission 9, Queensla
- Page 416 and 417:
The criteria are alien to aborigina
- Page 418 and 419:
never got kicked out because she ne
- Page 420 and 421:
23 Family LawFamily law plays a rol
- Page 422 and 423:
• whether stability is to be pref
- Page 424 and 425:
family member. Thus there is still
- Page 426 and 427:
judges (Nicholson 1995 page 13, Coo
- Page 428 and 429:
without any legislative base. Howev
- Page 430 and 431:
The Australian Institute of Crimino
- Page 432 and 433:
While there are many occasions wher
- Page 434 and 435:
However, NSW had the highest number
- Page 436 and 437:
Dec 95 254 481.1 491 25.0Mar 96 276
- Page 438 and 439:
custody,• the Children’s Court
- Page 440 and 441:
In addition Indigenous people gener
- Page 442 and 443:
wilderness trek with several weeks
- Page 444 and 445:
submission pages D-26 to D-28).West
- Page 446 and 447:
Responses to law and order problems
- Page 448 and 449:
Arrests for public order offences s
- Page 450 and 451:
legislation. The available evidence
- Page 452 and 453:
also to provide greater control ove
- Page 454 and 455:
had high proportions of Indigenous
- Page 456 and 457:
alternative facilities. At times, n
- Page 458 and 459:
communities and show no understandi
- Page 460 and 461:
conferences lack specific time fram
- Page 462 and 463:
Similarly, when questioned about th
- Page 464 and 465:
Repeat offendersRecent changes to s
- Page 466 and 467:
justice system’ (1995 page 69).Pu
- Page 468 and 469:
[Significantly] contributes to on-g
- Page 470 and 471:
The Inquiry was repeatedly told tha
- Page 472 and 473:
oys will have no family visits for
- Page 474 and 475:
people or to reduce the levels of p
- Page 476 and 477:
Education (interim submission page
- Page 478 and 479:
dispossession and marginalisation -
- Page 480 and 481:
• the implicit or explicit interp
- Page 482 and 483:
their initiatives include programs
- Page 484 and 485:
private dwellings, of which three-q
- Page 486 and 487:
During the early part of the twenti
- Page 488 and 489:
always associated with the alienati
- Page 490 and 491:
Because of their high unemployment
- Page 492 and 493:
26 A New FrameworkAn entrenched pat
- Page 494 and 495:
ecognised international right of al
- Page 496 and 497:
ange of possible outcomes other tha
- Page 498 and 499:
Aboriginal local governing bodies r
- Page 500 and 501:
submission 309, Anglican Church Soc
- Page 502 and 503:
matter holding instead that ‘we m
- Page 504 and 505:
‘internally legitimised tribal au
- Page 506 and 507:
and/or the establishment of regiona
- Page 508 and 509:
In 1992 the Council of Australian G
- Page 510 and 511:
3. That negotiated agreements will
- Page 512 and 513:
Recommendation 44: That the Council
- Page 514 and 515:
It is not surprising, given the exp
- Page 516 and 517:
inevitably face and be able to addr
- Page 518 and 519:
ureaucratic procedures (Homes for B
- Page 520 and 521:
designed for Indigenous children mu
- Page 522 and 523:
Rule 8. RecordingEvery interview mu
- Page 524:
currently sets out four principles