Integrated Training Area Management EA and Final FNSI

Army restoration projects have mitigated damage to groundwater quality, and practices that led tocontamination have been discontinued.Donnelly Training AreaDonnelly Training Area’s surface waters are diverse and lie entirely within the Tanana River drainagebasin. A majority of the larger streams flowing through the area, such as the Delta River and Jarvis Creek,are glacial.The volume of surface water flow fluctuates dramatically by season. From October to May, flow islimited to groundwater seepage from aquifers into streams and many small streams freeze solid (zerodischarge). Any additional streamflow is converted to winter ice overflow, or “aufeis.” Aufeis is an icesheet that forms on a floodplain in winter when channels freeze solid or are otherwise dammed. Theadditional water spreads out over the frozen surface and freezes. Aufeis can accumulate several meters inthickness and cover large areas of the floodplain in streams such as the Delta River and Jarvis Creek.Snowmelt typically begins in May and reaches its peak in June, coinciding with the peak melting ofglaciers. Flows are greatest during June and July. After July, most of the snow has melted, and rainfallsustains a steady flow during August and September.The State of Alaska has designated the streams on Donnelly Training Area for all use classes (NancySonafrank, personnal communication 2005). Surface water quality values on Donnelly Training Areameet the state’s primary drinking water standards. However, aluminum, iron, and manganeseconcentrations were higher than the state’s secondary standards (USARAK 2004). High ironconcentrations are typical in streams that drain wetland areas high in organic matter (Anderson 1970).3.4.2 Environmental ConsequencesAlternative 1: Continue ITAM Program without a Management Plan (No Action)Under the No Action Alternative, ITAM projects would continue to take place without a managementplan or standard operating procedures. SRA, TRI, RTLA, and GIS would continue to have beneficialimpacts to water resources. SRA would benefit water resources by educating soldiers to minimize erosion(particularly near waterways), only cross streams at designated crossings during winter, never fordwaterways, wash vehicles only at designated wash racks and never in any open body of water, use drippans when vehicles are stopped, and spill kits during any fuel or oil releases. TRI would benefit waterquality by ensuring that training does not interfere with measures taken to protect riparian areas. RTLAand GIS would benefit water quality by providing data collection, presentation, and storage capabilitiesrelated to water resource management. Soil and vegetation impacts can directly affect water quality; theseimpacts are discussed in Sections 3.1 and 3.2 respectively. LRAM impacts to water resources arediscussed below.LRAMGravel extraction, use of motorized vehicles, and vegetation management may have adverse impacts towater resources. Gravel extraction would have short-term minor adverse impacts to water quality iferosion into waterways occurs. The area of gravel extraction would be susceptible to erosion until the areaundergoes reclamation. Berms, ditches, and culverts, however, would be strategically used to minimizethese impacts. Inadvertent release of fuel or oil from vehicles used during LRAM activities would beadverse to water quality if released near waterways. Pond extraction of gravel would occur in existingman-made ponds that do not support fish or recreation. Side barrow excavation, while initially making thearea susceptible to erosion, would undergo reclamation by refilling and shaping the area to provide for_____________________________________________________________________________________________Environmental AssessmentUnited States Army Alaska, Integrated Training Area Management ProgramManagement Plan 35