Bangladesh 1993-1994 Demographic and Health ... - Measure DHS

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3.6 Birth IntervalsInformation on birth intervals provides insight into birth-spacing patterns which have far-reachingimpact on both fertility and child mortality levels. Research has shown that children born too soon after aprevious birth are at increased risk of dying at an early age. Table 3.11 shows the percent distribution ofbirths of order two or greater that occurred in the five years before the BDHS by the number of months sincethe previous birth.Table 3.11 Birth intervalsPercent distribution of non-first births in the five years preceding the survey by number of months since previous birth,according to demographic and socioeconomic characteristics, Bangladesh 1993-94Number of months since previous birthCharacteristic 7-17 18-23 24-35 36-47 48+Mediannumber of Numbermonths since ofTotal previous birth birthsAge of mother15-19 17.6 21.7 36,1 18.6 6.0 100.0 26,0 17520-29 8.9 12.1 35.5 22.1 21.5 100.0 33.9 331130-39 6.2 11.5 30,1 22.9 29.3 100.0 36.6 161640 + 7,3 8.9 28.7 21.2 33.9 109.0 37.5 307Birth order2-3 8.2 11.8 31.9 21.9 26.1 100.0 35,4 27514-6 7.8 11.6 34.5 22.4 23.7 100.0 34.6 18847 + 9.7 13.6 36.8 22.8 17.1 100.0 31.5 774Sex of prim" birthMale 8.4 10.9 33.2 22.2 25.4 100.0 35.2 2707Female 8.1 13,2 33,8 22.2 22.6 100.0 34.3 2701Survival of prior birthLiving 5.5 11.3 33.8 23.5 25.9 100,0 35,8 4533Dead 22.6 15.9 32.0 15.4 14.1 100.0 26.4 875Res/denceUrban 7.2 12.2 25,6 21.8 33.2 100.0 37.4 497Rural 8.4 12,0 34.3 22.2 23.1 100.0 34.4 4912DivisionBarisal 8.6 11,7 28,7 25,1 25.9 100.0 36.3 350Chittagon8 8,7 12.9 36.5 22.4 19.4 100,0 33,4 1751Dhaka 8,7 12.0 33.4 21.1 24,8 100.0 34.4 1633Khalna 7.1 10.1 28.2 22.2 32.5 100.0 37.7 531Rajshahi 7,6 11,7 33.0 22.4 25.3 100.0 35,3 1144EducationNo education 8.1 12.0 35.2 22.5 22.3 100.0 34.3 3432Primary incomplete 7.7 12,9 32.6 22.6 24.3 100.0 34.9 915Primary complete 11.1 10.7 29.7 23,0 25.5 100.0 35,0 498Secondary/Higher 8.0 12.3 27,9 18.8 33.0 100.0 36.9 563Total 8,3 12,0 33.5 22.2 24.0 100.0 34.7 5409Note: The interval for multiple births is the number of months since the preceding pregnancy that ended in a live birth.34
The data show that birth intervals are generally long in Bangladesh. Almost one-half (46 percent)of non-first births occur three or more years after the previous birth, while one-third take place 24-35 monthsafter the previous birth. Only one in five births occurs after an interval of less than 24 months. The medianbirth interval is 35 months. This is considerably longer than the median birth interval of 30 months reportedin the 1991 CPS (Mitra et al., 1993:37). Differences in the methods used to calculate the medians mayaccount for some of the difference in the two medians.Younger women have shorter birth intervals than older women. The median birth interval for womenage 15-19 is 26 months, compared to 38 months for women over age 40. A shorter median interval alsoprevails for children whose preceding sibling is dead, compared to those whose prior sibling is alive. Thispattern presumably reflects early resumption of sexual intercourse, a shortened breastfeeding period, andminimal use of contraceptives.3.7 Age at FirstBirthThe age at which childbearing begins has important demographic consequences for society as a wholeas well as for the health and welfare of mother and child. In many countries, postponement of first births,reflecting an increase in the age at marriage, has contributed greatly to overall fertility decline. Earlyinitiation into childbearing is generally a major determinant of large family size and rapid population growth,particularly in countries where family planning is not widely practiced. Moreover, bearing children at ayoung age involves substantial risks to the health of beth the mother and child. Early childbearing also tendsto restrict educational and economic opportunities for women.Table 3.12 presents the percent distribution of women by age at first birth according to current age)For women age 20 and over, the median age at first birth is presented in the last column of the table.Childbearing begins early in Bangladesh, with the large majority of women becoming mothers before theyreach the age of 20. The median age at first birth is around 18. Moreover, the data show that median age atfirst birth has increased slightly from around 17 for older women to around 18 for women in their 20s andearly 30s. This slight change to later age at first birth is reflected in the smaller proportion of younger womenwhose first births occurred before age 15; about 16 percent of women in their 40s report having had their firstbirth before age 15, compared to only 5 percent of women age 15-19.Table 3.12 Age at first birthPercent distribution of women 15-49 by age at first birth, according to current age, Bangladesh 1993-94WomenMedianwith Age at first birth Number age atno of firstCurrent age births
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Demographicand Health Survey1993-19
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This report summarizes the findings
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4.7 Reasons for Selecting Family Pl
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TABLESPageTable 1.1Table 2.1Table 2
Page 11 and 12: PageTable 5.5Table 5.6Table 5.7Tabl
Page 13 and 14: FIGURESPageFigure2.1Hguro2.2~gure2.
Page 15: Secretary,Ministry of Health & Fami
Page 19: 1993-94 BDHS TECHNICAL REVIEW COMMI
Page 23 and 24: SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 1993-94 Bang
Page 25 and 26: almost universal in Bangladesh for
Page 27 and 28: fully vaccinated, a vast improvemen
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 Geography
Page 31 and 32: Fertility in Bangladesh is declinin
Page 33 and 34: Factors for Program SuccessNumerous
Page 35 and 36: Foundation, the Bangladesh Bureau o
Page 37 and 38: CHAPTER 2CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHO
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.2Distribution of De Facto
Page 41 and 42: EducationEducation is a key determi
Page 43 and 44: with no education and more men than
Page 45 and 46: The majority (69 percent) of househ
Page 47 and 48: ~l'able 2.9 Background characterist
Page 49: Access to MediaWomen were asked if
Page 52 and 53: for the whole country is 29 births
Page 54 and 55: Table 3.2 Fertility by background c
Page 56 and 57: Births per 1,000 Women3oo250 s ~Fig
Page 58 and 59: Figure 3.5Trends in the Total Ferti
Page 61: Table 3.9 Children ever born and li
Page 65 and 66: Table 3.14 shows the percentage of
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 4FERTILITY REGULATION4.1 Kn
Page 69 and 70: Table 4.3 Differentials in knowledg
Page 71 and 72: Ever-use rates vary with the age of
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.7 Trends in current use of
Page 75 and 76: Table 4.8 Current use of fJ~,nily p
Page 77 and 78: Table 4.9 Trends in current use of
Page 79 and 80: Overall, 41 percent of respondents
Page 81 and 82: Use of Social Marketing BrandsBangl
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.16 Quality of pill usePerce
Page 85 and 86: Table 4.19 Use of condom brandsPerc
Page 87 and 88: Table4.21 StedlizationregretPercent
Page 89 and 90: The source a woman uses to obtain c
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.24 Reasons for discontinuat
Page 93 and 94: Table 4.26 Reasons for not using co
Page 95 and 96: Respondents were further asked whet
Page 97 and 98: Table 4.30 Contact with family plan
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER 5OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINAN
Page 101 and 102: Figure 5.1Trends in Proportion of W
Page 103 and 104: Table 5.4 Age at furst marriagePerc
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.6 indicates that a large ma
Page 107: 5.7 Termination of Exposure to Preg
Page 110 and 111: Table 6.1 Fertility preferences by
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Table 6.2 Fertility preferences by
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6.2 Need for Family Planning Servic
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Table 6.5 Ideal and actual number o
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Table 6.7 Fertility planning status
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Table 7.1 Infant and child mortalit
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Matlab area of Bangladesh. Infant m
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Table 7.4 Infant and child mortalit
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Column 3 of Table 7.5 shows the pro
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Table 8.1 Antenatal carePercent dis
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Pregnant women who seek antenatal c
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Table 8.4 Place of deliveryPercent
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5 percent were assisted by doctors,
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59 percent of children 12-23 months
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Trends in Vaccination CoverageA gen
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Overall, just over one-quarter (28
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Figure 8.4Percentage of Children un
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Prevalence of BreastfeedlngTable 8.
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The results shown in Table 8.13 ind
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The median duration of breastfeedin
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Table 9.2 Age differences between s
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When data on current contraceptive
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The data indicate that when husband
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There is a high degree of agreement
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Table 10.1 Distance to public servi
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All but a tiny fraction of family p
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MarriageA review of the role of the
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Unmet Need for Family PlanningThe f
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Family Planning Outreach/Satellite
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should be organized on a priority b
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REFERENCESArnold, Fred. 1990. Asses
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APPENDIX ASAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION
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APPENDIX BESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERR
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The Jacknife repeated replication m
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Table B.2 Sampling errors - Nationa
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Table B.4 Sampling errors - Rural s
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Table B.6 Sampling errors - Chittag
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Table B.8 Sampling errors - Khuhaa,
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APPENDIX CDATA QUALITY
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Table C.1 Household age distributio
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C.2 FertilityThe low level of ferti
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Figure C.1Births by Calendar Year,
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This cursory inspection of the qual
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APPENDIX DQUESTIONNAIRES
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we uoutd like
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NO.GUESTIONS AND FILTERS19 What is
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182
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SECTION 1.RESPONDEHTBS BACKGROUNDSK
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCOOING CATE
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211 Now I would like to talk to you
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221CONPARE 208 WITH NIJI4BER OF BIR
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SECTION 3:COBTRACEPTION301 I No~ (
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NO.315 QhJch method are you using?3
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NO.J320B IQUESTIONS AND FILTERSSHOW
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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331 I would like to ask some questi
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SECTION 4A.PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEED
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430 Are you still braastfeedingCNAM
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442H442I442JAmong the I~rsons with
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BANELA~ BIRYHNEXT-TO'LAST BIRTHNAME
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RO. J501 JOUESTIORS AND FILTERSSECT
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SECTION 7.HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND, RES
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS(To be fi
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218
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SECTION 1.RESPONGENT'S BACKGROUND10
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~[CT|ON 2.REPROOUCTIOMNo. I 043ESTI
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SKIPRo. I QUESTIONS AND FILTERS I C
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NO. IQUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CA
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NO,502CHECK ]15:SECTION 5.FERTILITY
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS(To be fi
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i. GENERAL DESCRIPTIONNO.OUESTIONS
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HO.QUEST lOllSL19 t~hat services do
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NO.QUESTIONS CCOING CATEGORIES SKIP
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iO.9QUESTIONS COOING CATEGORIES SXI
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Bangladesh 1993-1994 Demographic and Health ... - Measure DHS

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