Bangladesh 1993-1994 Demographic and Health ... - Measure DHS

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Births per 1,000 Women3oo250 s ~Figure 3.3Age-Specific Fertility Rates1989, 1991, and 1993-945Oi t i i i I"15-19 20-24 25-29 3O-34 35-39 40-44 45-49Age GroupNote: 1989 rates are for a 5-year period before the survey and1993-93 rates ere for a 3-year period before the survey.Source: Mitre et al,, 1993:34Table 3.4 Trends in total fertility ratesAnnual total fertility rates, selected sources, Bangladesh, 1980-1993YearBangladeshMatlab 2Bureau of 1989 1989 1991 1993-94 Treatment ComparisonStatistics t BFS CPS CPS BDHS area area80 5.0 6.881 5.0 6.782 5.2 6.4 6.6 5.0 6.383 5.1 6.1 6.2 4.5 6.184 4.8 5.9 6.6 4.0 5.185 4.7 5.5 5.1 6.3 4.5 6.086 4.7 5.1 5.2 5.0 6.1 4,3 5.587 4.4 4.8 5.0 4.9 5.6 4.1 5.288 4.4 4.9 4.6 5.2 3.8 5.489 4.3 4.3 4.9 3.4 4.990 4.3 4.2 4.4 3.4 5.091 4.2 3.8 3.0 4.392 4.2 3.4 2.9 3.893 3.7 3.3 2.9 3.9Note: Rates from the surveys are 3-year moving averages except the most recent rate which is based on atwo-year average.tRates are from the sample vital registration system except for 1993 which is from the BBS' Health andDemographic Survey.2Rates are from a demographic surveillance system in one rural district (Matlab).Source: BBS (Cleland, et al., 1994:15 and BBS, 1994:5); 1989 BFS (Huq and Cleland, 1990:104); 1989CPS and 1991 CPS (Mitra, et al., 1993:35); Matlab (ICDDR, B, 1994:3).28
Figure 3.4Trends in the Total Fertility RateFrom Selected Sources, Bangladesh, 1980-1993Births per Womana2 . . . . . . ; . ' .80 81 82 83 84 85 87 8 89 91 92 g3YearNote: All survey rates are based on 3-year moving averages,except most recent year (2-year average)Source: Table 3.4Unlike survey data, the data from the Matlab district (Fable 3.4, last two columns) are collected ina surveillance system in which women are interviewed by field workers every two weeks. Thus, the data areless likely than survey data to suffer from recall error or problems in remembering or reporting dates. Thedemographic surveillance system covers a population of approximately 100,000 each in a "treatment" area,in which an intensive matemal and child health and family planning program has been in effect and a"comparison" area in which the residents receive the normal government and private health care (ICDDR,B,1994:2). Although data from Matlab are not nationally representative and therefore not comparable to datafrom the other sources, they do provide evidence of the unprecedented decline in fertility that has taken placein Bangladesh. Figure 3.5 shows the total fertility rates for the Matlab study area and the 1993-94 BDHSfertility rates for the period 1982 to 1993. The data from the BDHS and the Matlab comparison area showroughly comparable rates of decline over time, although, once again, the decline depicted from the BDHSis steeper than that from the surveillance system.The fact that the low fertility rates reported in the BDHS for the years immediately preceding thesurvey are not accompanied by a proportionately large increase in contraceptive use, in age at marriage, orin another of the major fertility determinants, invites an investigation into data quality. A review of the datareveals no obvious systematic errors such as omission or displacement of births that are often found in surveydata (see Appendix C.2). Moreover, a recent study in which data from a BDHS-type survey in the Matlabarea were compared with those from the ICDDR, B surveillance system, showed almost identical fertilityrates in the two sources, thus lending support to the BDHS fertilty data (see Appendix C.2). Some researchershypothesize that Bangladeshi surveys routinely underestimate recent fertility because women tend tooverreport the ages of their young children (Cleland et at., 1993:14; Cleland et al., 1994:17,18). To the extentthat such age overreporting is random--that is, not selective of women with certain characteristics--it wouldnot be readily detectable in the data. However, if age overreporting is a widespread cultural phenomenon,it would presumably have also affected the fertility rates reported in prior surveys. Thus, although the levelof the total fertility rate reported in the BDHS for the years immediately preceding the survey may beunderestimated, if rates from previous surveys were similarly affected, the data nonetheless indicate anextremely rapid decline in fertility in Bangladesh over the past two decades.29
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Demographicand Health Survey1993-19
Page 4 and 5:
This report summarizes the findings
Page 6 and 7: 4.7 Reasons for Selecting Family Pl
Page 9 and 10: TABLESPageTable 1.1Table 2.1Table 2
Page 11 and 12: PageTable 5.5Table 5.6Table 5.7Tabl
Page 13 and 14: FIGURESPageFigure2.1Hguro2.2~gure2.
Page 15: Secretary,Ministry of Health & Fami
Page 19: 1993-94 BDHS TECHNICAL REVIEW COMMI
Page 23 and 24: SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 1993-94 Bang
Page 25 and 26: almost universal in Bangladesh for
Page 27 and 28: fully vaccinated, a vast improvemen
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 Geography
Page 31 and 32: Fertility in Bangladesh is declinin
Page 33 and 34: Factors for Program SuccessNumerous
Page 35 and 36: Foundation, the Bangladesh Bureau o
Page 37 and 38: CHAPTER 2CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHO
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.2Distribution of De Facto
Page 41 and 42: EducationEducation is a key determi
Page 43 and 44: with no education and more men than
Page 45 and 46: The majority (69 percent) of househ
Page 47 and 48: ~l'able 2.9 Background characterist
Page 49: Access to MediaWomen were asked if
Page 52 and 53: for the whole country is 29 births
Page 54 and 55: Table 3.2 Fertility by background c
Page 58 and 59: Figure 3.5Trends in the Total Ferti
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.9 Children ever born and li
Page 63 and 64: The data show that birth intervals
Page 65 and 66: Table 3.14 shows the percentage of
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 4FERTILITY REGULATION4.1 Kn
Page 69 and 70: Table 4.3 Differentials in knowledg
Page 71 and 72: Ever-use rates vary with the age of
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.7 Trends in current use of
Page 75 and 76: Table 4.8 Current use of fJ~,nily p
Page 77 and 78: Table 4.9 Trends in current use of
Page 79 and 80: Overall, 41 percent of respondents
Page 81 and 82: Use of Social Marketing BrandsBangl
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.16 Quality of pill usePerce
Page 85 and 86: Table 4.19 Use of condom brandsPerc
Page 87 and 88: Table4.21 StedlizationregretPercent
Page 89 and 90: The source a woman uses to obtain c
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.24 Reasons for discontinuat
Page 93 and 94: Table 4.26 Reasons for not using co
Page 95 and 96: Respondents were further asked whet
Page 97 and 98: Table 4.30 Contact with family plan
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER 5OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINAN
Page 101 and 102: Figure 5.1Trends in Proportion of W
Page 103 and 104: Table 5.4 Age at furst marriagePerc
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.6 indicates that a large ma
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5.7 Termination of Exposure to Preg
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Table 6.1 Fertility preferences by
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Table 6.2 Fertility preferences by
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6.2 Need for Family Planning Servic
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Table 6.5 Ideal and actual number o
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Table 6.7 Fertility planning status
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Table 7.1 Infant and child mortalit
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Matlab area of Bangladesh. Infant m
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Table 7.4 Infant and child mortalit
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Column 3 of Table 7.5 shows the pro
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Table 8.1 Antenatal carePercent dis
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Pregnant women who seek antenatal c
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Table 8.4 Place of deliveryPercent
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5 percent were assisted by doctors,
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59 percent of children 12-23 months
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Trends in Vaccination CoverageA gen
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Overall, just over one-quarter (28
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Figure 8.4Percentage of Children un
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Prevalence of BreastfeedlngTable 8.
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The results shown in Table 8.13 ind
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The median duration of breastfeedin
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Table 9.2 Age differences between s
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When data on current contraceptive
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The data indicate that when husband
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There is a high degree of agreement
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Table 10.1 Distance to public servi
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All but a tiny fraction of family p
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MarriageA review of the role of the
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Unmet Need for Family PlanningThe f
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Family Planning Outreach/Satellite
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should be organized on a priority b
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REFERENCESArnold, Fred. 1990. Asses
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APPENDIX ASAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION
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APPENDIX BESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERR
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The Jacknife repeated replication m
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Table B.2 Sampling errors - Nationa
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Table B.4 Sampling errors - Rural s
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Table B.6 Sampling errors - Chittag
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Table B.8 Sampling errors - Khuhaa,
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APPENDIX CDATA QUALITY
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Table C.1 Household age distributio
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C.2 FertilityThe low level of ferti
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Figure C.1Births by Calendar Year,
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This cursory inspection of the qual
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APPENDIX DQUESTIONNAIRES
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we uoutd like
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NO.GUESTIONS AND FILTERS19 What is
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182
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SECTION 1.RESPONDEHTBS BACKGROUNDSK
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCOOING CATE
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211 Now I would like to talk to you
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221CONPARE 208 WITH NIJI4BER OF BIR
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SECTION 3:COBTRACEPTION301 I No~ (
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NO.315 QhJch method are you using?3
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NO.J320B IQUESTIONS AND FILTERSSHOW
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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331 I would like to ask some questi
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SECTION 4A.PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEED
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430 Are you still braastfeedingCNAM
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442H442I442JAmong the I~rsons with
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BANELA~ BIRYHNEXT-TO'LAST BIRTHNAME
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RO. J501 JOUESTIORS AND FILTERSSECT
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SECTION 7.HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND, RES
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS(To be fi
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218
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SECTION 1.RESPONGENT'S BACKGROUND10
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~[CT|ON 2.REPROOUCTIOMNo. I 043ESTI
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SKIPRo. I QUESTIONS AND FILTERS I C
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NO. IQUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CA
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NO,502CHECK ]15:SECTION 5.FERTILITY
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS(To be fi
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i. GENERAL DESCRIPTIONNO.OUESTIONS
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HO.QUEST lOllSL19 t~hat services do
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NO.QUESTIONS CCOING CATEGORIES SKIP
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iO.9QUESTIONS COOING CATEGORIES SXI
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