Bangladesh 1993-1994 Demographic and Health ... - Measure DHS

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1.5 Survey OrganizationThe 1993-94 BDHS was conducted under the authority of the National Institute of PopulationResearch and Training (NIPORT) of the Ministry of Health and Family Welfare. The survey wasimplemented by Mitra and Associates, a private research firm located in Dhaka. Macro International Inc. ofCalverton, Maryland provided technical assistance to the project as part of the international Demographic andHealth Surveys program. Financial assistance was provided by the U.S. Agency for InternationalDevelopment (USAID)/Dhaka.Sample DesignBangladesh is divided into five administrative divisions, 64 districts (zillas), and 489 thanas. In ruralareas, thanas are divided into unions and then mauzas, an administrative land unit. Urban areas are dividedinto wards and then mahallas. The 1993-94 BDHS employed a nationally-representative, two-stage sample.It was selected from the Integrated Multi-Purpose Master Sample (IMPS), newly created by the BangladeshBureau of Statistics. The IMPS is based on 1991 census data. Each of the five divisions was stratified intothree groups: 1) statistical metropolitan areas (SMAs) 2, 2) municipalities (other urban areas), and 3) ruralareas. In rural areas, the primary sampling unit was the mauza, while in urban areas, it was the mahalla.Because the primary sampling units in the IMPS were selected with probability proportional to size from the1991 census frame, the units for the BDHS were subselected from the IMPS with equal probabdity to makethe BDHS selection equivalent to selection with probability proportional to size. A total of 304 primarysampling units were selected for the BDHS (30 in SMAs, 40 in municipalities, and 234 in rural areas), outof the 372 in the IMPS. Fieldwork in three sample points was not possible, so a total of 301 points werecovered in the survey.Since one objective of the BDHS is to provide separate survey estimates for each division as well asfor urban and rural areas separately, it was necessary to increase the sampling rate for Barisal Division undfor municipalities relative to the other divisions, SMAs, and rural areas. Thus, the BDHS sample is not selfweightingand weighting factors have been applied to the data in this report.After the selection of the BDHS sample points, field staff were trained by Mitra and Associates andconducted a household listing operation in September and October 1993. A systematic sample of householdswas then selected from these lists, with an average "take" of 25 households in the urban clusters and 37households in rural clusters. Every second household was identified as selected for the husband's survey,meaning that, in addition to interviewing all ever-married women age 10-49, interviewers also interviewedthe husband of any woman who was successfully interviewed. It was expected that the sample would yieldinterviews with approximately 10,000 ever-married women age 10-49 and 4,200 of their husbands. ?QuestionnairesFour types of questionnaires were used for the BDHS: a Household Questionnaire, a Women'sQuestionnaire, a Husbands' Questionnaire, and a Service Availability Questionnaire. The contents of thesequestionnaires were based on the DHS Model A Questionnaire, which is designed for use in countries withrelatively high levels of contraceptive use. Additions and modifications to the model questionnaires weremade during a series of meetings with representatives of various organizations, including the Asia2 SMAs are extensions of the division headquarters and include rural areas.3 Not all ever-married women were currently married, and some of the eligible husbands could not be mtcrviewedfor various reasons.6
Foundation, the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics, the Cambridge Consulting Corporation, the Family PlanningAssociation of Bangladesh, GTZ, the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research (ICDDR,B),Pathfinder International, Population Communications Services, the Population Council, the Social MarketingCompany, UNFPA, UNICEF, University Research Corporation/Bangladesh, and the World Bank. Thequestionnaires were developed in English and then translated into and printed in Bangla.The Household Questionnaire was used to list all the usual members and visitors of selectedhouseholds. Some basic information was collected on the characteristics of each person listed, includinghis/her age, sex, education, and relationship to the head of the household. The main purpose of the HouseholdQuestionnaire was to identify women and men who were eligible for individual interview. In addition,information was collected about the dwelling itself, such as the source of water, type of toilet facilities,materials used to construct the house, and ownership of various consumer goods.The Women's Questionnaire was used to collect information from ever-married women age 10-49.These women were asked questions on the following topics:Background characteristics (age, education, religion, etc.),Reproductive history,Knowledge and use of family planning methods,Antenatal and delivery care,Breastfeeding and weaning practices,Vaccinations and health of children under age three,Marriage,Fertility preferences, andHusband's background and respondent's work.The Husbands' Questionnaire was used to interview the husbands of a subsample of women whowere interviewed. The questionnaire included many of the same questions as the Women's Questionnaire,except that it omitted the detailed birth history, as well as the sections on maternal care, breastfeeding andchild health.The Service Availability Questionnaire was used to collect information on the family planning andhealth services available in and near the sampled areas. It consisted of a set of three questionnaires: one tocollect data on characteristics of the community, one for interviewing family welfare visitors and one forinterviewing family planning field workers, whether govemment or nongovemment supported. One set ofservice availability questionnaires was to be completed in each cluster (sample point).FieldworkThe BDHS questionnaires were pretested in July 1993. Male and female interviewers were trainedfor 10 days at the office of Mitra and Associates. Many of the interviewers had participated in prior surveys.After training, the teams spent nine days in the field conducting interviews under the observation of staff fromMitra and Associates. Altogether, 209 women's and 57 husbands' questionnaires were completed. The fieldteams then spent three days in Dhaka in debriefing meetings, discussing the fieldwork and suggestingmodifications to the questionnaires. On the basis of these suggestions, revisions in the wording andtranslations of the questionnaires were made.In October 1993, candidates for field staffpositions for the main survey were recruited. Recruitmentcriteria included educational attainment, maturity, ability to spend one month in training and at least fourmonths in the field, and experience in other surveys. A total of 102 trainees were recruited.
Page 1: Demographicand Health Survey1993-19
Page 4 and 5: This report summarizes the findings
Page 6 and 7: 4.7 Reasons for Selecting Family Pl
Page 9 and 10: TABLESPageTable 1.1Table 2.1Table 2
Page 11 and 12: PageTable 5.5Table 5.6Table 5.7Tabl
Page 13 and 14: FIGURESPageFigure2.1Hguro2.2~gure2.
Page 15: Secretary,Ministry of Health & Fami
Page 19: 1993-94 BDHS TECHNICAL REVIEW COMMI
Page 23 and 24: SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 1993-94 Bang
Page 25 and 26: almost universal in Bangladesh for
Page 27 and 28: fully vaccinated, a vast improvemen
Page 29 and 30: CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 Geography
Page 31 and 32: Fertility in Bangladesh is declinin
Page 33: Factors for Program SuccessNumerous
Page 37 and 38: CHAPTER 2CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHO
Page 39 and 40: Figure 2.2Distribution of De Facto
Page 41 and 42: EducationEducation is a key determi
Page 43 and 44: with no education and more men than
Page 45 and 46: The majority (69 percent) of househ
Page 47 and 48: ~l'able 2.9 Background characterist
Page 49: Access to MediaWomen were asked if
Page 52 and 53: for the whole country is 29 births
Page 54 and 55: Table 3.2 Fertility by background c
Page 56 and 57: Births per 1,000 Women3oo250 s ~Fig
Page 58 and 59: Figure 3.5Trends in the Total Ferti
Page 61 and 62: Table 3.9 Children ever born and li
Page 63 and 64: The data show that birth intervals
Page 65 and 66: Table 3.14 shows the percentage of
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 4FERTILITY REGULATION4.1 Kn
Page 69 and 70: Table 4.3 Differentials in knowledg
Page 71 and 72: Ever-use rates vary with the age of
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.7 Trends in current use of
Page 75 and 76: Table 4.8 Current use of fJ~,nily p
Page 77 and 78: Table 4.9 Trends in current use of
Page 79 and 80: Overall, 41 percent of respondents
Page 81 and 82: Use of Social Marketing BrandsBangl
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.16 Quality of pill usePerce
Page 85 and 86:
Table 4.19 Use of condom brandsPerc
Page 87 and 88:
Table4.21 StedlizationregretPercent
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The source a woman uses to obtain c
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Table 4.24 Reasons for discontinuat
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Table 4.26 Reasons for not using co
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Respondents were further asked whet
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Table 4.30 Contact with family plan
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CHAPTER 5OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINAN
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Figure 5.1Trends in Proportion of W
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Table 5.4 Age at furst marriagePerc
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Table 5.6 indicates that a large ma
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5.7 Termination of Exposure to Preg
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Table 6.1 Fertility preferences by
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Table 6.2 Fertility preferences by
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6.2 Need for Family Planning Servic
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Table 6.5 Ideal and actual number o
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Table 6.7 Fertility planning status
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Table 7.1 Infant and child mortalit
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Matlab area of Bangladesh. Infant m
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Table 7.4 Infant and child mortalit
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Column 3 of Table 7.5 shows the pro
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Table 8.1 Antenatal carePercent dis
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Pregnant women who seek antenatal c
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Table 8.4 Place of deliveryPercent
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5 percent were assisted by doctors,
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59 percent of children 12-23 months
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Trends in Vaccination CoverageA gen
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Overall, just over one-quarter (28
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Figure 8.4Percentage of Children un
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Prevalence of BreastfeedlngTable 8.
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The results shown in Table 8.13 ind
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The median duration of breastfeedin
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Table 9.2 Age differences between s
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When data on current contraceptive
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The data indicate that when husband
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There is a high degree of agreement
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Table 10.1 Distance to public servi
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All but a tiny fraction of family p
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MarriageA review of the role of the
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Unmet Need for Family PlanningThe f
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Family Planning Outreach/Satellite
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should be organized on a priority b
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REFERENCESArnold, Fred. 1990. Asses
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APPENDIX ASAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION
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APPENDIX BESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERR
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The Jacknife repeated replication m
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Table B.2 Sampling errors - Nationa
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Table B.4 Sampling errors - Rural s
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Table B.6 Sampling errors - Chittag
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Table B.8 Sampling errors - Khuhaa,
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APPENDIX CDATA QUALITY
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Table C.1 Household age distributio
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C.2 FertilityThe low level of ferti
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Figure C.1Births by Calendar Year,
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This cursory inspection of the qual
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APPENDIX DQUESTIONNAIRES
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we uoutd like
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NO.GUESTIONS AND FILTERS19 What is
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182
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SECTION 1.RESPONDEHTBS BACKGROUNDSK
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCOOING CATE
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211 Now I would like to talk to you
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221CONPARE 208 WITH NIJI4BER OF BIR
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SECTION 3:COBTRACEPTION301 I No~ (
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NO.315 QhJch method are you using?3
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NO.J320B IQUESTIONS AND FILTERSSHOW
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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331 I would like to ask some questi
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SECTION 4A.PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEED
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430 Are you still braastfeedingCNAM
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442H442I442JAmong the I~rsons with
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BANELA~ BIRYHNEXT-TO'LAST BIRTHNAME
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RO. J501 JOUESTIORS AND FILTERSSECT
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SECTION 7.HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND, RES
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS(To be fi
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218
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SECTION 1.RESPONGENT'S BACKGROUND10
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~[CT|ON 2.REPROOUCTIOMNo. I 043ESTI
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SKIPRo. I QUESTIONS AND FILTERS I C
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NO. IQUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CA
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NO,502CHECK ]15:SECTION 5.FERTILITY
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS(To be fi
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i. GENERAL DESCRIPTIONNO.OUESTIONS
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HO.QUEST lOllSL19 t~hat services do
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NO.QUESTIONS CCOING CATEGORIES SKIP
Page 268:
iO.9QUESTIONS COOING CATEGORIES SXI
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