Bangladesh 1993-1994 Demographic and Health ... - Measure DHS

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Prevalence of BreastfeedlngTable 8.12 presents data on the proportion of children born in the three years before the survey whowere ever breastfed and the percentage of the most recent births who started breastfeeding within one hourand one day of birth. Almost all Bangladeshi children (96 percent) are breastfed for some period of time,regardless of background characteristics of the child or the mother. Previous research confirms theuniversality of breastfeeding in Bangladesh (Mitra et al., 1993:96).Table 8.12 Initial breastfeedingPercentage of children who were ever breastfed and percentage of last-born children who startedbreastfeeding within one hour and within one day of birth, among children born in the three yearsbefore the survey, by selected background characteristics, Bangladesh 1993-94Among all children:Among last-born children,percentage who started breastfeeding:Percentage Number Within Within NumberBackground ever of 1 hour 1 day ofcharacteristic breastfed chddren of birth of birth childrenSexM ale 96.1 2005 9.3 50,2 1862Female 96,3 1921 8.0 45.8 1799ResidenceUrban 96.9 395 10.5 50,8 361Rural 96.2 3531 8.4 47,7 3299DivisionBarisal 96.2 253 8.2 52.0 229Chittagong 96.8 1193 8.9 59.3 t 1 t 7Dhaka 96, l 1199 8,1 43.5 1115Khulna 97.0 430 9.4 41.9 400Rajshahi 95.2 851 8.8 40.3 800Mother's educationNo education 96.2 2250 7.7 46,6 2088Primary incomplete 96.8 670 9.1 49.4 639Primary complete 96.7 399 8.1 44.8 368Secondary/Higher 95,3 607 11.9 53.8 565Assistance at deliveryMedically txained person 95.3 373 11.3 51.2 348Traditional birth attendant 96.2 2371 8.7 49.4 2217Other or none 96.7 1175 7.7 44.1 1091Place of deliveryHealth facility 93.2 137 12.4 53.2 130At home 96.4 3775 8.5 47.8 352lAll children 96.2 3926 8.6 48.0 3661Note: Table excludes 7 children (4 last-born children) for whom data on assistance at delivery ismissing and 14 children (9 last born) for whom place of birth is either missing or other than ahome or health facility.116
An important dimension related to breastfeeding is the timing of its initiation. Early initiation ofbreastfeeding is beneficial for mothers and children. From the mother's perspective, early suckling stimulatesthe release of a hormone that helps the uterus to contract. From the child's perspective, the first breast milk(colostrum) is important, since it is rich in antibodies. In Bangladesh, although almost all babies are breastfedat some time, only 9 percent are put to the breast within one hour of birth and less than half (48 percent) ofchildren are put to the breast within the first day of life. Delayed initiation of breastfeeding was also foundin the Matlab study area, where only 60 percent of children bom in the comparison area were given colostrum(ICDDR,B, 1994:7). Late initiation ofbreastfeeding is apparently widespread. Infants born to mothers withsome secondary education, those bom in Chittagong Division, and those bom in a health facility have aslightly greater chance of receiving breast milk within the first day of life.Timing of Introduction of Supplementary FoodsThe timing of introduction of supplementary foods in addition to breast milk has importantimplications for the child and the mother. Breast milk is uncontaminated and contains all the nutrients neededby children in the first few months of life. In addition, it provides some immunity to disease through themother's antibodies. Early supplementation, especially under unhygienic conditions, can result in infectionwith foreign organisms and lower immunity to disease. The timing of introduction of food supplements alsohas an impact on the length of the mother's postpartum amenorrhea. Early initiation of supplementationresults in earlier resumption of the mother's menstrual periods, since supplementation reduces infants'dependence on breast milk and the frequency of suckling.Mothers were asked about the current breastfeeding status of all last-born children under age threeand, if the child was being breastfed, whether various types of liquid or solid foods had been given to thechild "yesterday" or "last night." Children who are exclusively breastfed are defined as receiving breast milkonly, while full breastfeeding is defined as receiving breast milk and plain water only.Table 8.13 Breastfeeding statusPercent distribution of living children by breastfeeding status, according to child's age inmonths, Bangladesh 1993-94Percentage of living children who are:[treastfeeding and:NumberNot Exclusively Plain ofbreast- breast- water Supple- livingAge in months feeding fed only ments Total children
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Demographicand Health Survey1993-19
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This report summarizes the findings
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4.7 Reasons for Selecting Family Pl
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TABLESPageTable 1.1Table 2.1Table 2
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PageTable 5.5Table 5.6Table 5.7Tabl
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FIGURESPageFigure2.1Hguro2.2~gure2.
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Secretary,Ministry of Health & Fami
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1993-94 BDHS TECHNICAL REVIEW COMMI
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 1993-94 Bang
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almost universal in Bangladesh for
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fully vaccinated, a vast improvemen
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CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 Geography
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Fertility in Bangladesh is declinin
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Factors for Program SuccessNumerous
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Foundation, the Bangladesh Bureau o
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CHAPTER 2CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHO
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Figure 2.2Distribution of De Facto
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EducationEducation is a key determi
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with no education and more men than
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The majority (69 percent) of househ
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~l'able 2.9 Background characterist
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Access to MediaWomen were asked if
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for the whole country is 29 births
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Table 3.2 Fertility by background c
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Births per 1,000 Women3oo250 s ~Fig
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Figure 3.5Trends in the Total Ferti
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Table 3.9 Children ever born and li
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The data show that birth intervals
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Table 3.14 shows the percentage of
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CHAPTER 4FERTILITY REGULATION4.1 Kn
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Table 4.3 Differentials in knowledg
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Ever-use rates vary with the age of
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Table 4.7 Trends in current use of
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Table 4.8 Current use of fJ~,nily p
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Table 4.9 Trends in current use of
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Overall, 41 percent of respondents
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Use of Social Marketing BrandsBangl
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Table 4.16 Quality of pill usePerce
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Table 4.19 Use of condom brandsPerc
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Table4.21 StedlizationregretPercent
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The source a woman uses to obtain c
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Table 4.24 Reasons for discontinuat
Page 93 and 94: Table 4.26 Reasons for not using co
Page 95 and 96: Respondents were further asked whet
Page 97 and 98: Table 4.30 Contact with family plan
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER 5OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINAN
Page 101 and 102: Figure 5.1Trends in Proportion of W
Page 103 and 104: Table 5.4 Age at furst marriagePerc
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.6 indicates that a large ma
Page 107: 5.7 Termination of Exposure to Preg
Page 110 and 111: Table 6.1 Fertility preferences by
Page 112 and 113: Table 6.2 Fertility preferences by
Page 114 and 115: 6.2 Need for Family Planning Servic
Page 116 and 117: Table 6.5 Ideal and actual number o
Page 118 and 119: Table 6.7 Fertility planning status
Page 120 and 121: Table 7.1 Infant and child mortalit
Page 122 and 123: Matlab area of Bangladesh. Infant m
Page 124 and 125: Table 7.4 Infant and child mortalit
Page 126 and 127: Column 3 of Table 7.5 shows the pro
Page 128 and 129: Table 8.1 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 130 and 131: Pregnant women who seek antenatal c
Page 132 and 133: Table 8.4 Place of deliveryPercent
Page 134 and 135: 5 percent were assisted by doctors,
Page 136 and 137: 59 percent of children 12-23 months
Page 138 and 139: Trends in Vaccination CoverageA gen
Page 140 and 141: Overall, just over one-quarter (28
Page 142 and 143: Figure 8.4Percentage of Children un
Page 146 and 147: The results shown in Table 8.13 ind
Page 148 and 149: The median duration of breastfeedin
Page 150 and 151: Table 9.2 Age differences between s
Page 152 and 153: When data on current contraceptive
Page 154 and 155: The data indicate that when husband
Page 156 and 157: There is a high degree of agreement
Page 158 and 159: Table 10.1 Distance to public servi
Page 160 and 161: All but a tiny fraction of family p
Page 162 and 163: MarriageA review of the role of the
Page 164 and 165: Unmet Need for Family PlanningThe f
Page 166 and 167: Family Planning Outreach/Satellite
Page 168 and 169: should be organized on a priority b
Page 171 and 172: REFERENCESArnold, Fred. 1990. Asses
Page 173: APPENDIX ASAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION
Page 177: APPENDIX BESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERR
Page 180 and 181: The Jacknife repeated replication m
Page 182 and 183: Table B.2 Sampling errors - Nationa
Page 184 and 185: Table B.4 Sampling errors - Rural s
Page 186 and 187: Table B.6 Sampling errors - Chittag
Page 188 and 189: Table B.8 Sampling errors - Khuhaa,
Page 191: APPENDIX CDATA QUALITY
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Table C.1 Household age distributio
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C.2 FertilityThe low level of ferti
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Figure C.1Births by Calendar Year,
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This cursory inspection of the qual
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APPENDIX DQUESTIONNAIRES
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we uoutd like
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NO.GUESTIONS AND FILTERS19 What is
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182
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SECTION 1.RESPONDEHTBS BACKGROUNDSK
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCOOING CATE
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211 Now I would like to talk to you
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221CONPARE 208 WITH NIJI4BER OF BIR
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SECTION 3:COBTRACEPTION301 I No~ (
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NO.315 QhJch method are you using?3
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NO.J320B IQUESTIONS AND FILTERSSHOW
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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331 I would like to ask some questi
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SECTION 4A.PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEED
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430 Are you still braastfeedingCNAM
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442H442I442JAmong the I~rsons with
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BANELA~ BIRYHNEXT-TO'LAST BIRTHNAME
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RO. J501 JOUESTIORS AND FILTERSSECT
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SECTION 7.HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND, RES
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS(To be fi
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218
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SECTION 1.RESPONGENT'S BACKGROUND10
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~[CT|ON 2.REPROOUCTIOMNo. I 043ESTI
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SKIPRo. I QUESTIONS AND FILTERS I C
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NO. IQUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CA
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NO,502CHECK ]15:SECTION 5.FERTILITY
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS(To be fi
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i. GENERAL DESCRIPTIONNO.OUESTIONS
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HO.QUEST lOllSL19 t~hat services do
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NO.QUESTIONS CCOING CATEGORIES SKIP
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iO.9QUESTIONS COOING CATEGORIES SXI
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Bangladesh 1993-1994 Demographic and Health ... - Measure DHS

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