Bangladesh 1993-1994 Demographic and Health ... - Measure DHS

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Overall, just over one-quarter (28 percent)of children who have symptoms of ARI aretaken to a health facility for treatment. 4 Childrenof educated mothers are more likely to be takento a health facility than those whose mothers hadless education. Likewise, children in ChittagongDivision who have symptoms of ARI are morelikely to be taken to a health facility, while thosein Khulna Division are less likely to be taken toa health facility.DiarrheaDehydration engendered by severe diarrheais a major cause of morbidity and mortalityamong Bangladeshi children, accounting forsome 30 percent of deaths to children under five(UNICEF, 1991:38). One treatment for dehydrationis oral rehydration therapy (ORT): either asolution prepared from commercially producedpackets of oral rehydration salts (ORS) (which isalso called khabir or packet saline), or a homemadesolution of sugar, salt and water (alsocalled labon gur). Oral rehydration therapy wasdeveloped in Bangladesh over 25 years ago bywhat is now called the lntemational Centre forDiarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh(ICDDR, B). ORS is currently available throughhealth facilities in Bangladesh and is also distributedby the Social Marketing Companythrough a network of pharmacies, small shopsand kiosks.Table 8.9 indicates that 13 percent ofchildren under three years of age were reportedas having had diarrhea in the two weeks prior tothe BDHS interview. Only 3 percent of childrenunder three had bloody diarrhea (a sign ofdysentery) in the two weeks prior to the survey.Table 8.9 Prevalence of diarrheaPercentage of children under three years who had diarrhea anddiarrhea with blood in the two weeks precedmg the survey, byselected background characteristics, Bangladesh 1993-94Diarrhea in thepreceding 2 weeks 1NumberBackground All Diarrhea ofcharactefisfc diarrhea with blood childrenChild's age< 6 months 5.1 0.5 5576-11 months 14.0 1.5 58512-23 months 16.6 4.2 117124-35 months 11.5 3.1 1222SexMale 12.1 2 7 1809Female 13.1 2.9 1726Birth order1 14.0 2.8 8962-3 11.9 2.7 13724-5 1 t .3 3.3 7286+ 13.8 2.4 539ResidenceUrban 10.8 2.3 370Rural 12.8 2.9 3165DivisionBarisal 16.2 3.9 222Chinagong 14.2 3.5 1072Dhaka 9.5 1.5 1073Khulna 14.4 2.7 397Rajshahi 12.6 3.4 771Mother's educationNo education 12. l 3.2 2008Primary incomplete 16.9 2.5 603Primary complete 12.1 2.2 360Secondary/Higher 10.0 2.1 564All children 12.6 2.8 3535Note: Figures are for children born in tile period 1-35 monthsreceding the survey~lncludes diarrhea in the past 24 hoursDiarrhea is more common among children age 6-23 months than among older or younger children;it is especially uncommon among children under six months of age, who are presumably protected bybreastfeeding. Differences in the prevalence of diarrhea according to other background characteristics areminimal.4 Health facilities include: government hospitals, family welfare centers, thana health complexes, satellite clinics,community health workers, private doctors, and private clinics.112
Treatment of DiarrheaOne in five children under three whose mothers reported that they had had diarrhea in the two weeksbefore the survey were taken to a health facility for consultation (Table 8.10 and Figure 8.4). Of all childrenwith diarrhea, half were given fluid made from an ORS packet, 16 percent were given a recommended homefluid (RHF), and half were given more fluids than usual. If 0ral rehydration therapy is defined broadly toTable 8.10 Treatment of diarrheaAmong children under three years who had diarrhea in the two weeks preceding the survey, the percentage taken for treatment to a healthfacility or provider, the percentage who received oral rehydratlon therapy (either solution prepared from ORS packets or recommendedhome fluids) and increased fluids, the percentage who received neither oral rehydrafion therapy nor increased fluids, and the percentagereceiving other treatments, by background characteristics, Bangladesh 1993-94Oral rehydrafiontherapy (ORT)Other treatmentsPercentagetaken to Neither Homea health In- ORT nor Pill remedy/ No NumberBackground facility or ORS ORS or creased increased or Injec- Herb/ treat- ofeharacterisfc provider I packets RHF Rill: fluids fluids syrup don Other ment Missing childrenChild's age< 6 months (13.2) (26.4) (6.7) (33.2) (27.7) (51.6) (31.7) (0.0) (17.0) (11.0) (3.4) 286-11 months 27.8 49.2 23.0 61.1 46.1 31.2 35.3 1.2 14.2 12.1 10.8 8212-23 months 18.7 50.8 11.7 56.7 53.0 28.7 39.2 0.3 12.0 18.6 6.2 19524-35 months 19.3 55.0 18.2 64.0 55.6 21.6 44.5 1.9 6.8 17.2 6.2 140SexMale 19.6 57.5 11.9 63 0 56.7 24.2 42.5 1.3 11.7 17.5 7.9 219Female 20.8 43.2 19.0 53.7 45,3 32.5 36.8 0.6 10.4 15.6 5.8 226Birth order1 26.8 47,7 14.5 54.8 49.5 34.3 39.8 2.3 13.9 17.2 6.1 1252-3 16,2 51.5 17.0 61.7 53.5 24.4 42.7 0.0 8.8 18.2 6.9 1634-5 19,3 49.3 15.1 56.2 49.7 27.4 43.6 0.0 10,9 13.6 3.9 826+ 19,1 52.6 14.3 59.1 48.9 28.4 28.3 1.8 11.7 14.9 11.0 74ResidenceUrban 30.3 59.4 22.9 66,9 60.3 24.7 49.8 0.0 16.2 17.8 3,4 40Rural 19.2 49.3 14.8 57.5 50.0 28.8 38.6 1.I 10.6 16.4 7.2 405DivisionBarisal 25.8 55.9 9 7 63.9 46.0 21,1 46.8 1.8 16.9 16.0 2.6 36Chittagong 21.4 48.0 10.7 54.8 46.7 31,2 38.4 1.7 11.2 17.0 3.5 152Dhaka 13.7 50.0 22.2 58.6 58.0 26.8 35.7 0.0 9.2 20.4 9.6 102Khulna 19,8 40.9 2.6 42.6 50.8 40.4 35,3 0.0 10.4 24.3 3.5 57Rajshahi 23,3 57.4 25.8 70.6 52.0 21.2 45.6 1.0 11.0 7.3 12.7 97Mother's educationNo education 14.0 45.7 16.2 55.2 45.8 31.5 37.4 0.5 11.2 16.5 6.7 243Primary incomplete 25.4 47.3 16,3 56.1 50.7 3],4 40.4 0.0 10.6 13.1 8.0 102Primary complete (23.5) (59.3) (7.2) (61.5) (60.7) (20.1) (40,8) (0.0) (10.0) (21.7) (7.8) 43Secondary/Higher 35.3 68.4 17.3 73.3 65.8 15.7 47,3 5.2 12,0 18.5 4.6 56All children 20.2 50.3 15.5 58.3 50,9 28.4 39.6 1.0 11.1 16.5 6.8 445Nota: Figures in parentheses are based on 25 to 49 children.ORS = Oral ~ehydration saltsORT = Oral rehydration therapyRIIF = Recommended home fluid1Includes health post, health center, hospital, and private doctor113
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Demographicand Health Survey1993-19
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This report summarizes the findings
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4.7 Reasons for Selecting Family Pl
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TABLESPageTable 1.1Table 2.1Table 2
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PageTable 5.5Table 5.6Table 5.7Tabl
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FIGURESPageFigure2.1Hguro2.2~gure2.
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Secretary,Ministry of Health & Fami
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1993-94 BDHS TECHNICAL REVIEW COMMI
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 1993-94 Bang
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almost universal in Bangladesh for
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fully vaccinated, a vast improvemen
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CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 Geography
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Fertility in Bangladesh is declinin
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Factors for Program SuccessNumerous
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Foundation, the Bangladesh Bureau o
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CHAPTER 2CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHO
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Figure 2.2Distribution of De Facto
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EducationEducation is a key determi
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with no education and more men than
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The majority (69 percent) of househ
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~l'able 2.9 Background characterist
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Access to MediaWomen were asked if
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for the whole country is 29 births
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Table 3.2 Fertility by background c
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Births per 1,000 Women3oo250 s ~Fig
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Figure 3.5Trends in the Total Ferti
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Table 3.9 Children ever born and li
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The data show that birth intervals
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Table 3.14 shows the percentage of
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CHAPTER 4FERTILITY REGULATION4.1 Kn
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Table 4.3 Differentials in knowledg
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Ever-use rates vary with the age of
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Table 4.7 Trends in current use of
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Table 4.8 Current use of fJ~,nily p
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Table 4.9 Trends in current use of
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Overall, 41 percent of respondents
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Use of Social Marketing BrandsBangl
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Table 4.16 Quality of pill usePerce
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Table 4.19 Use of condom brandsPerc
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Table4.21 StedlizationregretPercent
Page 89 and 90: The source a woman uses to obtain c
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.24 Reasons for discontinuat
Page 93 and 94: Table 4.26 Reasons for not using co
Page 95 and 96: Respondents were further asked whet
Page 97 and 98: Table 4.30 Contact with family plan
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER 5OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINAN
Page 101 and 102: Figure 5.1Trends in Proportion of W
Page 103 and 104: Table 5.4 Age at furst marriagePerc
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.6 indicates that a large ma
Page 107: 5.7 Termination of Exposure to Preg
Page 110 and 111: Table 6.1 Fertility preferences by
Page 112 and 113: Table 6.2 Fertility preferences by
Page 114 and 115: 6.2 Need for Family Planning Servic
Page 116 and 117: Table 6.5 Ideal and actual number o
Page 118 and 119: Table 6.7 Fertility planning status
Page 120 and 121: Table 7.1 Infant and child mortalit
Page 122 and 123: Matlab area of Bangladesh. Infant m
Page 124 and 125: Table 7.4 Infant and child mortalit
Page 126 and 127: Column 3 of Table 7.5 shows the pro
Page 128 and 129: Table 8.1 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 130 and 131: Pregnant women who seek antenatal c
Page 132 and 133: Table 8.4 Place of deliveryPercent
Page 134 and 135: 5 percent were assisted by doctors,
Page 136 and 137: 59 percent of children 12-23 months
Page 138 and 139: Trends in Vaccination CoverageA gen
Page 142 and 143: Figure 8.4Percentage of Children un
Page 144 and 145: Prevalence of BreastfeedlngTable 8.
Page 146 and 147: The results shown in Table 8.13 ind
Page 148 and 149: The median duration of breastfeedin
Page 150 and 151: Table 9.2 Age differences between s
Page 152 and 153: When data on current contraceptive
Page 154 and 155: The data indicate that when husband
Page 156 and 157: There is a high degree of agreement
Page 158 and 159: Table 10.1 Distance to public servi
Page 160 and 161: All but a tiny fraction of family p
Page 162 and 163: MarriageA review of the role of the
Page 164 and 165: Unmet Need for Family PlanningThe f
Page 166 and 167: Family Planning Outreach/Satellite
Page 168 and 169: should be organized on a priority b
Page 171 and 172: REFERENCESArnold, Fred. 1990. Asses
Page 173: APPENDIX ASAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION
Page 177: APPENDIX BESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERR
Page 180 and 181: The Jacknife repeated replication m
Page 182 and 183: Table B.2 Sampling errors - Nationa
Page 184 and 185: Table B.4 Sampling errors - Rural s
Page 186 and 187: Table B.6 Sampling errors - Chittag
Page 188 and 189: Table B.8 Sampling errors - Khuhaa,
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APPENDIX CDATA QUALITY
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Table C.1 Household age distributio
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C.2 FertilityThe low level of ferti
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Figure C.1Births by Calendar Year,
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This cursory inspection of the qual
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APPENDIX DQUESTIONNAIRES
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we uoutd like
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NO.GUESTIONS AND FILTERS19 What is
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182
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SECTION 1.RESPONDEHTBS BACKGROUNDSK
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCOOING CATE
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211 Now I would like to talk to you
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221CONPARE 208 WITH NIJI4BER OF BIR
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SECTION 3:COBTRACEPTION301 I No~ (
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NO.315 QhJch method are you using?3
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NO.J320B IQUESTIONS AND FILTERSSHOW
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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331 I would like to ask some questi
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SECTION 4A.PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEED
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430 Are you still braastfeedingCNAM
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442H442I442JAmong the I~rsons with
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BANELA~ BIRYHNEXT-TO'LAST BIRTHNAME
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RO. J501 JOUESTIORS AND FILTERSSECT
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SECTION 7.HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND, RES
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS(To be fi
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218
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SECTION 1.RESPONGENT'S BACKGROUND10
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~[CT|ON 2.REPROOUCTIOMNo. I 043ESTI
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SKIPRo. I QUESTIONS AND FILTERS I C
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NO. IQUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CA
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NO,502CHECK ]15:SECTION 5.FERTILITY
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS(To be fi
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i. GENERAL DESCRIPTIONNO.OUESTIONS
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HO.QUEST lOllSL19 t~hat services do
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NO.QUESTIONS CCOING CATEGORIES SKIP
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iO.9QUESTIONS COOING CATEGORIES SXI
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