Bangladesh 1993-1994 Demographic and Health ... - Measure DHS

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6.2 Need for Family Planning ServicesFecund women who are currently married and who say either they do not want any more childrenor that they want to wait two or more years before having another child, but are not using contraception, areconsidered to have an unmet need for family planning, x Women who are using family planning methods aresaid to have a met need for family planning. Women with unmet and met need constitute the total demandfor family planning. Table 6.4 presents data on unmet need, met need, and total demand for family planning,according to whether the need is for spacing or limiting births.Table 6.4 Need for family planning servicesPercentage of currently married women age 1 0-49 with unmet need for family planning, and met need for family planning, and thetotal demand for family planning services, by selected background characteristics, Bangladesh 1993-94Met need forUnmet need for family planning Total demand for Percentagefamily planning I (currently using) 2 family planning 3 ofdemand NumberBackground For For For For For For saris- ofcharacteristic spacing limiting Total spacing limiting Total spacing limiting Total fled womenAge10-14 31).3 O.O 30.3 22.1 U.O 22.1 53.2 O.0 53.2 43.0 14015-19 22.3 0.8 23.1 21.9 2.8 24.7 45.3 3.6 48.8 52.7 122420-24 15.8 5.9 21.7 20.8 16.8 37.6 38.4 23.1 61.5 64.7 196425-29 10.2 9.3 19.5 11.1 395 50.6 22.0 49.8 71.8 72.8 191130-34 5.5 15.5 20.9 4.2 53.1 57.2 10.1 69.5 79.6 73.7 135335-39 2.8 16.3 19.1 0.8 57.7 58 5 4.2 75.0 79.2 75.9 107940-44 0.6 10.6 11.2 0.3 51.6 51.9 1.o 62.3 63.3 82.3 76745-49 0.5 6.4 7.0 0.4 28.8 29.3 1.0 35.3 36.2 80.8 541ResidenceUrban 7.1 8.6 15.7 12.4 42.0 54.4 20.5 51.5 72.0 78.2 1013Rural 10.8 9.0 19.8 10.9 32.5 43.3 22.5 42.0 64.5 69.3 7967DivisionBarisal 9.7 8.9 18.6 12,4 35.3 47.7 23.5 44.9 68.4 72.8 567Chinagong 15.0 12.2 27.2 6.7 22.6 29.3 22.2 35.4 57.6 52.8 2334Dhaka 9.5 9.1 18.6 10.2 34.1 44.3 20.7 43.8 64.5 71.1 2756Khulna 7.7 6.0 13.7 14.9 40.4 55.3 23.6 46.8 70.4 80.5 1145Rajshahi 8.2 6.8 15.0 14.4 40.5 54.8 23.2 47.9 71.1 78.9 2178EducationNo education 9.8 10.1 19.8 7.4 33.5 41.0 17.8 44.1 61.9 68.0 5093Primary incomplete 10.4 9.5 19.8 12.1 33.3 45.5 23.6 43.6 67.2 70.5 1601Primary complete 12.3 7.0 19.3 11.7 33.8 45.6 25.4 41.4 66.7 71.1 894Secondary/Higher 11.5 5.7 17.2 22.4 33.7 56.1 35.0 39.8 74.8 77.0 1392Total 10.4 9.0 19.4 11.0 33.5 44.6 22.2 43.1 65.3 70.4 8980IUnrnet need for spacing includes pregnant women whose preglmncy was rmstimed, amenorrheic women whose last birth wasmistimed, and women who are neither pregnant nor amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and say theywant to wait two or more years for their next birth. Also included in unmet need for spacing are women who are unsure whether theywant another child or who want another child but are unsure when to have the birth. Unmet need for lirattmg refers to pregnantwomen whose pregnancy was unwanted, amenorrheic women whose last child was unwanted and women who axe neither pregnantnor amenorrheic and who are not using any method of family planning and who want no more children. Excluded from the unmetneed category are pregnant and amenorrheic women who became pregnant while using a method (these women are in need of bettercontraception). Also excluded axe menopausal or infecund women.2Using for spacing is defined as women who eae using some method of family planning and say they want to have another child oraxe undecided whether to have another. Using for limiting is defined as women who are using and who want no more children.Note that the specific raethods used are not taken into account here.~rotal demand includes pregnant or amenorrheic women who became pregnant while using a method (method failure). Theyaccount for 1.4 percent of all currently married women.x For an exact description of the calculation, see footnote 1, Table 6.4.86
One-fifth of married women in Bangladesh have an unmet need for family planning services (seeTable 6.4, column 3)--10 percent for spacing purposes and 9 percent for limiting births. Combined with the45 percent of married women who are currently using a contraceptive method, the total demand for familyplanning comprises almost two-thirds of married women in Bangladesh. Therefore, if all women who saythey want to space or limit their children were to use methods, the contraceptive prevalence rate would beincreased from 45 to 65 percent of married women. Currently, 71 percent of the demand for family planningis being met (see Table 4, next-to-last column).As expected, unmet need for spacing purposes is higher among younger women, while unmet needfor limiting childbearing is higher among older women. The net result is that, except among the veryyoungest and oldest age groups, unmet need varies little by age. The level of unmet need among rural womenis higher than that of urban women. It is highest among women in Chittagong Division (27 percent) andlowest in Khulna and Barisal Divisions (14 and 15 percent, respectively). Unmet need is lower among womenwith at least some secondary schooling than among less educated or uneducated women.There has probably been a decline in the level of unmet need for family planning services since 1991.Although data from the 1991 CPS show that 28 percent of currently married women were in need of services,compared with 19 percent in the 1993-94 BDHS (Mitra et al., 1993:91), differences in the definitions usedin the two surveys account for much of the apparent decline.6.3 Ideal Family SizeIn order to assess ideal fertility preferences, the BDHS included two questions. Women who had nochildren were asked, "If you could choose exactly the number of children to have in your whole life, howmany would that be?" For women who had children, the question was rephrased as follows: "If you couldgo back to the time you did not have any children and could choose exactly the number of children to havein your whole llfe, how many would that be?" These questions on ideal family size aimed at two things: first,among women who have not started childbearing, the data provide an idea of the total number of childrenthese women will have in the future (to the extent that women are able to realize their fertility desires).Second, among older, higher parity women, these data provide a measure of the level of unwanted fertility.It should be noted that some women, especially those for whom fertility control is an unfamiliar concept, mayhave had difficulty answering this hypothetical question.The data in Table 6.5 indicate that the vast majority of women were able to give a numeric answerto this question; only 7 percent of women gave a non-numeric answer such as "it is up to God," "anynumber," or "does not know." Those who gave numeric responses generally want to have small families.Fifty-six percent of respondents prefer a two-child family, and another 24 percent consider a three-childfamily ideal, while only one percent of respondents said they would choose to have six or more children. Infact, the data show how widespread the two-child norm has become in Bangladesh. Among women with twoor fewer children, two-thirds say they think two children are ideal.Overall, among women giving numeric responses, the mean ideal family size is 2.5 children. Thisrepresents a decline from the level of 4.1 among currently married women in 1975 and 2.9 among currentlymarried women in 1989 (Huq and Cleland, 1990:53). Data from the Maflab area of Bangladesh show thatmean ideal family size has declined from 4.4 children in the treatment area and 4.5 children in the comparisonarea in 1975 to 3.1 and 3.2 children, respectively, in 1990 (ICDDR, B, 1994:3).As expected, the ideal number of children increases with the number of living children (see Table6.5). The mean ideal family size increases from 2.2 among childless women to 3.0 among women with sixor more children. There are several possible explanations for the relationship between ideal and actualnumber of children. First, to the extent that they are able to implement their preferences, women who want87
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Demographicand Health Survey1993-19
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This report summarizes the findings
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4.7 Reasons for Selecting Family Pl
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TABLESPageTable 1.1Table 2.1Table 2
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PageTable 5.5Table 5.6Table 5.7Tabl
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FIGURESPageFigure2.1Hguro2.2~gure2.
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Secretary,Ministry of Health & Fami
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1993-94 BDHS TECHNICAL REVIEW COMMI
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SUMMARY OF FINDINGSThe 1993-94 Bang
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almost universal in Bangladesh for
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fully vaccinated, a vast improvemen
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CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION1.1 Geography
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Fertility in Bangladesh is declinin
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Factors for Program SuccessNumerous
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Foundation, the Bangladesh Bureau o
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CHAPTER 2CHARACTERISTICS OF HOUSEHO
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Figure 2.2Distribution of De Facto
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EducationEducation is a key determi
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with no education and more men than
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The majority (69 percent) of househ
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~l'able 2.9 Background characterist
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Access to MediaWomen were asked if
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for the whole country is 29 births
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Table 3.2 Fertility by background c
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Births per 1,000 Women3oo250 s ~Fig
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Figure 3.5Trends in the Total Ferti
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Table 3.9 Children ever born and li
Page 63 and 64: The data show that birth intervals
Page 65 and 66: Table 3.14 shows the percentage of
Page 67 and 68: CHAPTER 4FERTILITY REGULATION4.1 Kn
Page 69 and 70: Table 4.3 Differentials in knowledg
Page 71 and 72: Ever-use rates vary with the age of
Page 73 and 74: Table 4.7 Trends in current use of
Page 75 and 76: Table 4.8 Current use of fJ~,nily p
Page 77 and 78: Table 4.9 Trends in current use of
Page 79 and 80: Overall, 41 percent of respondents
Page 81 and 82: Use of Social Marketing BrandsBangl
Page 83 and 84: Table 4.16 Quality of pill usePerce
Page 85 and 86: Table 4.19 Use of condom brandsPerc
Page 87 and 88: Table4.21 StedlizationregretPercent
Page 89 and 90: The source a woman uses to obtain c
Page 91 and 92: Table 4.24 Reasons for discontinuat
Page 93 and 94: Table 4.26 Reasons for not using co
Page 95 and 96: Respondents were further asked whet
Page 97 and 98: Table 4.30 Contact with family plan
Page 99 and 100: CHAPTER 5OTHER PROXIMATE DETERMINAN
Page 101 and 102: Figure 5.1Trends in Proportion of W
Page 103 and 104: Table 5.4 Age at furst marriagePerc
Page 105 and 106: Table 5.6 indicates that a large ma
Page 107: 5.7 Termination of Exposure to Preg
Page 110 and 111: Table 6.1 Fertility preferences by
Page 112 and 113: Table 6.2 Fertility preferences by
Page 116 and 117: Table 6.5 Ideal and actual number o
Page 118 and 119: Table 6.7 Fertility planning status
Page 120 and 121: Table 7.1 Infant and child mortalit
Page 122 and 123: Matlab area of Bangladesh. Infant m
Page 124 and 125: Table 7.4 Infant and child mortalit
Page 126 and 127: Column 3 of Table 7.5 shows the pro
Page 128 and 129: Table 8.1 Antenatal carePercent dis
Page 130 and 131: Pregnant women who seek antenatal c
Page 132 and 133: Table 8.4 Place of deliveryPercent
Page 134 and 135: 5 percent were assisted by doctors,
Page 136 and 137: 59 percent of children 12-23 months
Page 138 and 139: Trends in Vaccination CoverageA gen
Page 140 and 141: Overall, just over one-quarter (28
Page 142 and 143: Figure 8.4Percentage of Children un
Page 144 and 145: Prevalence of BreastfeedlngTable 8.
Page 146 and 147: The results shown in Table 8.13 ind
Page 148 and 149: The median duration of breastfeedin
Page 150 and 151: Table 9.2 Age differences between s
Page 152 and 153: When data on current contraceptive
Page 154 and 155: The data indicate that when husband
Page 156 and 157: There is a high degree of agreement
Page 158 and 159: Table 10.1 Distance to public servi
Page 160 and 161: All but a tiny fraction of family p
Page 162 and 163: MarriageA review of the role of the
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Unmet Need for Family PlanningThe f
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Family Planning Outreach/Satellite
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should be organized on a priority b
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REFERENCESArnold, Fred. 1990. Asses
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APPENDIX ASAMPLE IMPLEMENTATION
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APPENDIX BESTIMATES OF SAMPLING ERR
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The Jacknife repeated replication m
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Table B.2 Sampling errors - Nationa
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Table B.4 Sampling errors - Rural s
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Table B.6 Sampling errors - Chittag
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Table B.8 Sampling errors - Khuhaa,
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APPENDIX CDATA QUALITY
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Table C.1 Household age distributio
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C.2 FertilityThe low level of ferti
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Figure C.1Births by Calendar Year,
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This cursory inspection of the qual
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APPENDIX DQUESTIONNAIRES
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HOUSEHOLD SCHEDULENow we uoutd like
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NO.GUESTIONS AND FILTERS19 What is
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182
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SECTION 1.RESPONDEHTBS BACKGROUNDSK
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCOOING CATE
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211 Now I would like to talk to you
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221CONPARE 208 WITH NIJI4BER OF BIR
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SECTION 3:COBTRACEPTION301 I No~ (
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NO.315 QhJch method are you using?3
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NO.J320B IQUESTIONS AND FILTERSSHOW
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NO.QUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CATE
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331 I would like to ask some questi
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SECTION 4A.PREGNANCY AND BREASTFEED
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430 Are you still braastfeedingCNAM
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442H442I442JAmong the I~rsons with
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BANELA~ BIRYHNEXT-TO'LAST BIRTHNAME
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RO. J501 JOUESTIORS AND FILTERSSECT
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SECTION 7.HUSBAND'S BACKGROUND, RES
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS(To be fi
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218
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SECTION 1.RESPONGENT'S BACKGROUND10
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~[CT|ON 2.REPROOUCTIOMNo. I 043ESTI
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SKIPRo. I QUESTIONS AND FILTERS I C
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NO. IQUESTIONS AND FILTERSCODING CA
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NO,502CHECK ]15:SECTION 5.FERTILITY
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INTERVIEWER'S OBSERVATIONS(To be fi
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i. GENERAL DESCRIPTIONNO.OUESTIONS
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HO.QUEST lOllSL19 t~hat services do
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NO.QUESTIONS CCOING CATEGORIES SKIP
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iO.9QUESTIONS COOING CATEGORIES SXI
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Bangladesh 1993-1994 Demographic and Health ... - Measure DHS

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