OrcaFlex Manual - Orcina

System Modelling: Data and Results, Lines
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� If the end connection stiffness is Infinity (and the end is not free or released) then the end node directions stay
aligned with the line end axes Ex, Ey, Ez. The end node values are then usually in different directions to the end
segment values.
� For intermediate values of end connection stiffness, the end node directions will be somewhere between the
two. They will tend to be nearer to the end fitting directions if the end connection stiffnesses are stronger than
the line bend stiffness and torsional stiffness, but nearer to the end segment directions if it is weaker.
End Load Magnitude and Components
End Force, End Moment,
End GX-Force, End GY-Force and End GZ-Force, End GX-Moment, End GY-Moment, End GZ-Moment,
End Lx-Force, End Ly-Force and End Lz-Force, End Lx-Moment, End Ly-Moment, End Lz-Moment,
End Ex-Force, End Ey-Force and End Ez-Force, End Ex-Moment, End Ey-Moment, End Ez-Moment
These results report the magnitude of the end force and end moment vectors, and their components in the following
directions:
� The directions of the global axes GX, GY, GZ.
� The directions of the local axes Lx, Ly, Lz of the object to which the line end is connected. For example if the line
end is connected to a vessel, the Lx, Ly, Lz are the directions of the vessel axes.
� The directions of the line end axes Ex, Ey, Ez. See Line End Orientation.
For a line with a stiffener attached results are reported separately for the protected line and its stiffener. However, it
is sometimes necessary (e.g. when designing end fittings) to report combined end loads including the load from both
the protected line and its stiffener.
End load results are available for the protected line which include the stiffener end load, in addition to the protected
line end load. These results are all prefixed with "Total", e.g. Total End Load, Total End Moment, Total End GZ-
Force etc.
Bend Restrictor Load
This is defined as Bend Restrictor Load = End Force*(1 - cos(End Force Ez-Angle)). Another commonly used name
for this variable is "pseudo-curvature". It is only available for line ends that are pin-connected (zero bending
stiffness at the line end connection) and without a stiffener attached.
6.8.8 Drag Chain Results
For details on how to select results variables see Selecting Variables.
For Drag Chains the following results variables are available.
Azimuth and Declination
The azimuth and declination of the drag chain, relative to global axes.
Supported Length and Hanging Length
The supported length is the length deemed to be supported by the seabed. The hanging length is the length of the
rest of the drag chain. The supported length plus the hanging length equals the total length of the drag chain. See
Drag Chain Seabed Interaction for details on how these values are calculated.
Drag Force
The magnitude of the drag force acting on the drag chain. This includes both the axial and normal components of the
drag force.
Axial Drag Force, Normal Drag Force
The components of drag force axial and normal to the drag chain.
Horizontal Drag Force, Vertical Drag Force
The horizontal and vertical components of the drag force. For the vertical drag force a positive value indicates an
upwards force.
See Drag Chain Theory for details on how the drag force is calculated.