Career Services - Methodist University

Career ServicesThe Career and Self-Development GuideOur goal is simple...To help you reach yours!THE OFFICE OF CAREER SERVICES n 2008 - 2009

Are youlooking foran excitingcareer in agrowing,fast-pacedcompany?As the leading provider of food and facilities managementservices in North America, we offer quality services andsolutions at more than 6,000 locations, includingcorporations, colleges and universities, health careorganizations, and school districts.Sodexho is committed to continuous learning and hashigh performance expectations for employees. Inaddition, we look to develop staff from within thecompany by providing sufficient resources, rewardsand encouragement to foster growth and learning.Sodexho is proud to be ranked among the Top 25companies for diversity in the United States byDiversity, Inc. magazine.Do you want to work for a company with the resourcesand commitment to help you grow professionally?Go to http://www.sodexhousa.com/careers.asp formore information.

Table of ContentsWelcome Letter................................................................................2Guiding Principles...........................................................................4What Can the Office of Career Services Do For You.............5Policies................................................................................................5Services and Resources..................................................................6Career Development Process/Four-Year Plan..........................7Explore the Three Aspects of Campus Life...............................8Exploring Career Options..............................................................8Internships.........................................................................................9Networking......................................................................................10Getting Started on Your Resumés............................................11Step-by-Step Guide to Writing Resumés.............................. 12Resume and Vitae Samples ....................................................... 14Business Letter Writing.............................................................. 22Preparing for Interviews............................................................. 27Interviewing Tips.......................................................................... 32Dress for Success.......................................................................... 33Business Etiquette........................................................................ 34Career Fair Success...................................................................... 35Negotiating Salary....................................................................... 36OFFICE OF CAREER SERVICESGARLAND J. (GUY) STEWARTDirector of Career ServicesKIMBERLY (KIM) GENOVAAssociate Director of Career ServicesKATRINA STANLEY-BLUEAssistant Director of Career ServicesDARLENE N. SINGLETONJob Location and Career Development CoordinatorBerns Student Center, Lower LevelAppointments may be made in person or by calling:Office: (910) 630-7333Fax: (910) 630-7651Homepage: http://www.methodist.edu/careerservicesMETHODIST UNIVERSITY5400 Ramsey StreetFayetteville, NC 28311 - 1498Special thanks to the Office of Career Services at UNC Pembroke, Campbell University, Princeton University, NACE andCareer Journal. Permission was granted to adapt portions of this booklet from the schools’ Career Development Guides.Special thanks to Kimberly “Kim” Genova, Darlene Singleton, Ashley Genova and Maria Sikoryak-Robins.Contact information on sample resumes and cover letters has been changed to protect the privacy of contributing writers.What studentsare saying aboutcareer services:“Thank you for all your help withmy job search. I landed a great job shortlyafter graduation with a growing company inmy first interview, and I’m making more thanthe salary I had hoped for!Thanks again.”“I actually learned something from[the workshops]. If all of the lectures andspeeches I had to sit through went thatwell I would love college to death.”- resume workshop attendant“Learning how to be professional nowwillprepare college students for being professional inthe future. We are lucky to have Career Services...at MethodistUniversity. Now I feel I have the skills and confidence to write aresume that will help shape my future.”- resume workshop attendant

Dear Future Graduate:Congratulations on your forthcoming graduation from Methodist University. You can beproud of your accomplishments. You will soon begin a career that will provide you with newopportunities and challenges. As you formalize your career plans, we would like to extend toyou a special invitation to use the many services provided by the Office of Career Services.The staff of this Office is anxious to provide assistance to you, whatever your major orcareer interest may be. It is important that you register with the Office to complete the careerplanning process. When should you register? The career planning process should begin inyour freshman year and continue through graduation.The staff will enthusiastically assist you in preparing and/or reviewing your resume, designingand implementing your job search strategies, and developing self-assessment. In addition tocareer counseling, of special value will be the workshops, the extensive career resource libraryand the campus recruiting program. Two other significant programs, which help studentscombine academics with career related work experience, are the Internship Program and JobLocation and Development (JLD) programs.We have developed this Career and Self-Development Guide to assist you in learning aboutand using the services made available by the Office of Career Services. Our extensiveprogram of career services and highly skilled staff can help you establish career goals, locateemployment possibilities, and learn employment skills. Later on, as an alumna/us of MethodistUniversity, you can still utilize the services from this Office.We encourage you to begin your job search early and use all of the resources available toyou. During the school year, the Office and companies will sponsor numerous workshopsand seminars specifically designed to provide you the most current information on the jobmarket, their company, their expectations, and how you can be competitive. Please plan totake maximum advantage of these opportunities. Those students who make use of this Careerand Self-Development Guide and the Office’s services substantially enhance the possibilities ofachieving their career goals. We look forward to assisting you.Sincerely,Garland J. StewartGarland J. StewartDirectorThe Office of Career Services / 5400 Ramsey Street / Fayetteville, NC 28311 – 14981.800.488.7110 / 1.910.630.7333 / FAX: 1.910.630.7651 / www.methodist.edu/careerservices

aExplore the Three Aspectsof Campus LifeEach Contributes to Your Future:ACADEMICS• Choose a major you enjoy and in which you will do well.• Choose electives wisely.• Enrich with research, independent study, fieldwork andstudy abroad.• Participate in classes and in department activities.• Keep your grades up. Your GPA matters!EXTRACURRICULAR• Explore interests and develop a history of involvement andcommitment.3• Join and participate in campus organizations.• Be an intern or volunteer.• Seek leadership positions• Become involved in committees and other teamworkactivities.PERSONAL• Develop effective self-management skills• Be active, not passive.• Take risks to stretch skills.• Take the initiative to seek opportunities to interact withpeople from different diverse backgrounds and cultures.• Recognize opportunities and use them to the fullest.We canhelp!!!!!!!!!Business Partners& ManagersCareerSuccessInternsMethodist UniversityExploring Career OptionsInvestigating Career AlternativesAfter you have engaged in self-assessment and identified some career options, the nextstep is to research career fields that interest you. Some suggestions:• Read all you can about careers that appeal to you. Use theOffice of Career Services resources, Davis Memorial Library,and public libraries to identify books, trade magazines,Internet websites, videotapes, and news articles that haverelated career information.• Talk with people who are in the field(s) that interests you.This process is called informational interviewing and allowsyou to ask questions informally about specific jobs. Theannual Career Fairs affords students the opportunity to talkwith professionals from a wide variety of career fields.Ask:• What is the nature of your work?• What are your duties and responsibilities on a daily,monthly, or annual basis?• What are the entry-level opportunities in this field?• What skills are needed to excel in this field?• What are some courses that would prepare me for entryinto this field?• Are there particular personal characteristics desired inpeople hired for entry-level positions in this field?• How is this field changing? What can I do to prepare forthose changes?• What, in particular, gives you satisfaction in this job?What frustrates you?• Does your organization offer internships or summer jobsfor college students?• Where can I find more information about this field?

Internships“What is an internship?”An internship is a short-term work or service experience in whicha person has intentional pre-established learning goals and isreflecting actively on what he or she is learning throughout theexperience. Internships are distinct from jobs obtained primarilyfor economic reasons. The purpose of an internship is to bridgethe gap between what is learned in the classroom and the actualworld of work.“Why should I pursue an internship?”Internships provide a way to explore a particular field of interest.An internship can give you an idea of what a professional jobis like on a day-to-day basis. It can give you an idea about thekinds of things you like to do and whether you would be happyin that type of job. Certain careers, such as Business, Social Work,and Criminal Justice, require an internship before you will evenbe considered for a full-time, permanent job.Internships also provide the opportunity for valuable skillbuilding in such areas as organization, problem solving, andcommunication. Skills developed during an internship canstrengthen your candidacy when you are job-hunting or applyingto graduate school.“How do I find an internship?”• Start early! If you are looking for a summer internship,it makes sense to start this process in the fall semester.Attend information workshops, create a resume, and beginto gather information on careers ofinterest.• Narrow your choices. Learn alittle more about careers, jobs,or organizations that may offerinternship opportunities. The CSChas information about internshipsand the Internet is also a greatresource. Check out our website forstarting points.• Do research on your interests.Review any available information.Talk with alumni, friends,acquaintances, and others whomay have helpful information.Gather specific information on targeted organizations fromwebsites, news reports, and guides available in the CareerServices Center.• Network. This is an important tool for any jobseeker,whether you are looking for internships or full-time jobs.• Identify opportunities and deadlines. Identify specificopportunities, gather applications, and make sure you areaware of deadlines. Keep in mind that these deadlines canbe months earlier than the internship.• Apply for positions. While some internship sites mayrequest an application, virtually all will want to see yourresume. Make sure your resume is polished to perfectionremember,you only have one chance to make a firstimpression.“What if I don’t see anything I aminterested in?”Continue to talk with the CSC staff and your academicadvisor. Consult the Career Services Center library foradditional resources. Consider creating your own internship.Network with friends and family about careers that interestyou, and see if they have any ideas about how you mightsecure an internship.“When are the deadlines forapplication?”They vary from program to program. There is no universaldeadline! Some internships havedeadlines as early as November.Others are as late as April.“Can I get paid formy internship?”It depends on what the sponsoroffers. Some internships do notpay because they are with nonprofitorganizations, or becausethey have so many applicantsthat payment is not necessaryto attract qualified interns.nStudents with internship experience have higher GPAs andmgain full-time employment sooner than those studentswithout internship experience (Journal of Employment Counseling, 1999).DON’T LEAVE METHODIST WITHOUT IT!

NetworkingNetworking is an important component of the job search process, especially sincemost available jobs go unadvertised. Below are some pointers to help you developyour networking skills and tap into the “hidden job market.”What Is it?Networking means going beyond the usual avenues of the jobsearch such as job fairs and want ads; it means contactingpeople on your own to gain access to information about jobopportunities that are not publicly available.How do I do it?First, be aware that you are not calling people just to ask aboutjob openings but to learn any kind of information at all whichmay help you. If the person you contact does not know of aspecific opening in your field, ask if he or she knows someoneelse you can contact who might have this information. If so,write down the name and phone number. Then call and repeatthe process.But where do you get names to get started? First, sit down andbrainstorm a list of names. This list should include anyone youcan think of who can assist you in your job search. These peoplecould be college roommates, professors, relatives, neighbors,friends of friends, etc. Let these people know that you arecurrently conducting a job search and that you would appreciateany information they may have about job openings. Also, askthem to introduce you to employers they know who are seekingto fill positions in their companies.A second step in the networking process is calling “coldcontacts.” Calling cold contacts involves contacting companiesthat interest you to speak with employers to whom you havenot been formerly introduced. When making these contacts, itis a good idea to have written down on a card the things youwould like to say and the points you would like to make. Ask thecontact if you may send a copy of your resume to him or her. Ifthe contact says yes, make sure you have the correct spelling ofhis or her name and job title.Send the resume within 24 hours, along with a cover letter thatmakes reference to your phone conversation.Here is how you might start off a call:“Hi, my name is ______. Professor Actual of the MethodistUniversity School of Business suggested that I call you.I am trying to gather some information about careerpossibilities in your industry, and I wonder if you couldspare a couple of minutes to talk with me.”If your contact is receptive, try to set up a meeting with himor her. If he or she is too busy to talk, try to schedule a phoneconversation in the near future. If your contact is totallyunreceptive, try to get a name of someone who “might be ableto point me in the right direction.”Another way to expand your network of contacts is to getinvolved in professional associations related to your chosenfield. It is important to not just apply to be a member of theassociation, but to also become actively involved by attendingas many meetings as you can and volunteering to help withassociation events. Most professional associations havediscounted membership fees for current college students.“Do what you LOVE and LOVE what you’re doing, andyou will never work a day in your life.” - Unknown10

!Getting Started on your ResumésStarting From ScratchWhen starting a resume from scratch, it can be daunting totry to figure out what to list and how to list it. Instead, startoff with some simple brainstorming. On a piece of paper, writedown everything you might want to include about yourself on aresume—education, coursework, jobs, internships, activities, skills,honors, publications, language skills, study abroad experiencesand community service projects. At this point in the process, ifyou are a freshman or sophomore, include information from highschool as well. When you put it in resume format, you can decidewhat to exclude.Next, you can start to expand on these experiences. Write downthe dates, locations, and title/position for each job or activity.Finally, for each work experience or major extracurricular activity,brainstorm and record major responsibilities, projects worked on,new skills learned, and goals achieved. Think about how you:• improved the work process.• helped increase the quality or reduced the cost of a productor service that the organization delivers.• may have thoroughly satisfied a customer.• helped increase the sales or profits of the organization or aparticular event.• did something that was of value to others.• learned valuable skills that are transferable to any workenvironment.• contributed to the organization’s goals.• demonstrated that you were recognized for yourachievements or contributions.Describe these accomplishments using RAP statements: IncludeResults that you achieved based on the Action that you tookin response to the Project or the Problem you faced (Result +Action + Problem/Project). The order of these elements is not ascritical as the combined effect. If you can, try to quantify theaccomplishment in some way.+ Action verb “Coordinated”+ Project “3 fundraising events for local shelters”+ Result awareness “raised more than $8,000, 20% over goal, and greatly improving community= Accomplishment Coordinated 3 fundraising events for local shelters, raising more than $8,000, 20%over goal, and greatly improving community awareness.Action OrientationUse action verbs and phrases to present yourself as a “doer”. Skills and achievements are best highlighted when active. Using phraseslike “Duties included:” and “Responsibilities included:” is passive and should be minimized. If you find it awkward to use action verbsfor certain descriptions, then use words with as much impact as possible, “As the leader ofa five-person project team...”Action wordsAdministeredAdvisedAnalyzedAppliedArrangedAssistedBalancedBriefedCarried OutCommunicatedCompiledCompletedComputedControlledCoordinatedCreatedDefinedDeliveredDemonstratedDesignedDeterminedDevelopedDirectedEarnedEliminatedEnabledEnforcedEnhancedEstablishedEvaluatedExpeditedFacilitatedFiledFormedFoundedGeneratedGuidedHarnessedIllustratedImplementedImprovedInstructedIntroducedInventedLaunchedLedMaintainedMasteredMediatedMonitoredNegotiatedOperatedOrganizedParticipatedPerformedPersuadedPlannedPreparedProducedProgrammedProvidedPublishedReceivedRecommendedReorganizedReviewedRevisedScheduledSelectedServedSet upSoldSolvedStreamlinedStructuredSupportedSurpassedSurveyedTargetedTaughtTeamed withTrainedTripledUtilizedWrote11

!Step-by-Step Guide to Writing Your Resumé12Heading (Identification)This section should include your name, current and homeaddress, telephone numbers and e-mail addresses. Note:Current and home addresses are useful for employers who wishto contact you over vacation periods or invite you to receptionsin your hometown. Students whose home address is not in theUS may prefer not to provide that information.Make sure your answering machine offers a cordial greeting thatclearly indicates by first name (and last if your roommates sharea first name) all the residents who may be receiving messages.Loud music, “cute” openers, “words for the day”, etc. may bedistracting to your callers.ObjectivesA clear objective statement at the top of your resume, whichindicates your area of interest and skills you possess, can be veryuseful to many employers. Avoid vague statements like, “Seekinga challenging and rewarding position that will utilize my skills.”You might include some combination of the following threepieces of information—the position title, the field or organizationyou wish to be in, and the knowledge or skills you wish toincorporate into your work. For example: “Seeking a positionwith a daily newspaper, utilizing my strong writing, research andinterviewing skills.”EducationThe name of your school, location, graduation date (month/year),degree (either written out or the use of abbreviations, e.g., A.A.,A.B., B.S., B.A.., M.B.A.) are stated here. Your overall GPA or theGPA in your major may be included, if one or both are at least a3.0. Any subset of an overall GPA indicates information that isopen to interpretation by an employer.If you studied abroad for a semester or longer, include the nameof the school, its location, the period of time you were there andthe courses studied.Honors and awards may have a subsection in this area. Thesistopics and/or Major Projects are acceptable with a briefdescription. Indicate courses that you may have taken thatdemonstrate some knowledge in an area.ExperienceThis section may include a variety of activities: unpaidinternships, paid summer employment that was either part-timeor full time, extensive volunteer opportunities or work-studypositions. Use this section to outline the opportunities in whichyou have been able to demonstrate initiative, leadership orcompetence in an area.Example - “Supervised campers and planned activities” could bedescribed as:Supervise the daily activities of 30 campers between the agesof 8 and 12.Example - “Sales assistant in a brokerage firm involved inresearch” might be written as:Research client accounts valued in excess of $250,000.Examined historical trades and reconciled monthly statements.By providing some numbers and quantifying youraccomplishments, as well as offering more detailed activities andtasks, your descriptions become more informative.Special Qualifications & SkillsYou may want to include a section for skills or qualifications thatenhance your prospects of employment and have not alreadybeen reflected elsewhere. Computer skills (Languages, Hardware,Software), foreign languages you can read or speak, certifications(such as specific examinations passed, i.e., Actuarial, CPR Exams),and sophisticated or technical equipment that you can operatemay be mentioned in this section.Activities & InterestsExtracurricular activities, such as involvement in studentclubs, campus government, athletics, and the like, can beexcellent experiences to include on your resume. Through yourinvolvement in activities, you are developing communication,leadership, teamwork, event planning, budgeting, and other skillsthat are highly values by potential employers.A word of caution should be offered, however. There areorganizations and hobbies that may provide information aboutyour political, religious or personal interests that you wouldprefer not to discuss or have known. Be selective in what youchoose to list.Other SectionsThe categories included above are the most “typical,” butdo not be confined by these headings. If you have significantleadership experience, describe it in a section titled LEADERSHIP.If you have performed a great deal of volunteer work, createa section called COMMUNITY SERVICE and highlight yourcontributions within that section.Certification Presentations Lab SkillsSenior Thesis Memberships ResearchStudy Abroad Academic Projects Computer SkillsPublications Travel Abroad Language SkillsResume FormattingLanguage— Avoid first person pronouns (I, me, my). Make sureyour punctuation, spelling and grammar are correct. Use actionverbs but avoid repeating the same ones too frequently. Steerclear of technical jargon or acronyms unless you are sure yourreader will understand. Avoid flowery or vague language andbe specific about your past experiences. You can’t assume thatyou’ll get the chance to explain something in an interview.

Length— Your resume should be no more than one to two pagesin length. Remember, there is no need to include everything, justthose things that are relevant for the particular job or industry towhich you are applying. If you are receiving an advanced degreeand you have several publications to include, you may need morepages. Be sure to place the bulk of your achievements on thefirst page, to more quickly capture employer interest.Visual Appeal— Your resume should have adequate margins (nosmaller than 0.75”) and use formatting strategies that highlightrather than clutter. Use bold, italics, and capitalization in aconsistent manner. Do not use unusual fonts or fonts that aretoo small (10-12 point is acceptable). All text should be the samefont size with perhaps the exception of your name which can bea couple sizes larger. Use high-quality resume paper in white oroff-white.Things to Avoid— Resumes used in the United States shouldnot list your age, gender, religion, political affiliation,martial status or social security number. Don’t include salaryexpectations or salary history on the resume. If you worked parttime,it is not necessary to include the number of hours workedper week. Don’t write “References Available Upon Request.”Employers will ask for references if they want them.Format Types— Chronological resumes list your experience inreverse chronological order starting with the experiences thatare most recent. This format is the most common and thereforefamiliar to employers and committees. It emphasizes consistenthistory of experience and highlights where you’ve gained yourexperiences. However, it can also highlight gaps in employmentif those exist. A Combination resume merges elements offunctional and chronological resumes. It accentuates skills andcapabilities, but also includes positions, employers, and dateswithin the skill groups.Resumes for Fellowships,Scholarships and Graduate SchoolResumes used for fellowship, scholarship, and graduate/professional school applications should adhere to virtually allof the same formatting guidelines as other resumes. Whenapplying for fellowships and graduate school, you will wantto ensure that your scholarly pursuits and accomplishmentsachieve prominence on the page. Include greater detail onresearch experiences and coursework, showcasing the types ofskills highly valued in academic settings. Publications or workingpapers (if any) should be included. A longer, complete list ofscholarships, honors and awards is appropriate. As with anyresume, think about the audience and organize the sections inorder of importance. What type of fellowship are you seeking?In what type of graduate program do you hope to enroll? Themost related educational, work and research experiences shouldusually be listed first.Sections of the resume may include:• Education • Research • Experience (internships, employment)• Publications/Working Papers • Volunteer/Community Services• Athletics • Extracurricular Activities • Skills (technical,languages) • Honors/AwardsYou may have some programs or committees ask you for a “CV”– but how does that differ from a resume? A Curriculum vitae(CV) looks very similar to a resume but tends to contain moredetail on academic projects, publications, courses taught, andhonors won than a resume targeted to specific employmentpurposes. The CV is most commonly used within academic andresearch environments. The overall strategies for formatting andvisual appeal are the same for resumes and CVs. For those withseveral years of experience and graduate education,a CV may be two or more pages in length.Most undergraduates can effectively present their qualificationson one page, a length strongly recommended and preferred inthe employment search. If you have, however, accumulated asignificant amount of experience, honors, and so forth, thenyou may exceed one page for fellowship and graduate schoolapplications. Always be sure to have your name on the secondpage, in the event your materials become separated. Evaluate therelevance of what you include, which will ultimately dictate thelength of the document.Electronic Submissionand Text-Only ResumesElectronic submission of resumes – whether via a web site oremail – has pretty much become the norm. Unfortunately, notevery organization requests materials in the same manner orformat.When an employer asks you to submit materials via email, thebest format to use is a PDF document because it preserves allof your formatting and minimizes the chance that the employerwill be unable open your document. That being said, MS Word isfrequently a safe option for attachments.When applying via a web site, you are frequently allowed toupload or attach a document, so again PDF or Word are fineoptions. In some cases, however, you need to cut and pastetext into one large box or several text boxes. In these instances,use a text-only resume. A text resume does not use italics,underlining, boxes, shading, graphics, symbols or bullets, unusualfonts, or other “fancy” design features. Instead of using tables,indentation or tab stops, all text should be left-justified usingline breaks between entries on the resume. To highlight sectionheadings, use ALL CAPS.Those companies that ask for text-only resumes are trying toensure that they can read all submitted materials in a consistentmanner, rather than have formatting issues create problems forthem considering all applicants.When in doubt about formatting, and when possible (as somewill proclaim “NO PHONE CALLS” in their job listings), ask theemployer directly for the preferred format or consult a careercounselor for advice.• Eurograduate (eurograduate.com)• Le CV francais (french.about.com)• http://jobsearch.about.com/od/cvadvice/a/europasscv.htmBooks are available in the Office of Career Services library thatalso include tips about international resumes.13

AfterJohn B. Studentjstudent@email.comCurrent Address:Permanent Address:141 College Road 999 Homebound WayFayetteville, NC 28311 Anytown, PA 15444(910) 999-9999 (724) 555-8888OBJECTIVEA position in finance using research, quantitative and supervisory skills to enhanceproductivity and profits for the organization.EDUCATION Methodist University, School of Science, Fayetteville, NC, May 2007Bachelor of Arts in PsychologyConcentration in Business AdministrationFinanced 100% of education through summer jobs, work study, loans. Worked 8-10hours/week throughout college.BUSINESSCOURSESEXPERIENCESeptember 1999 –PresentSummers 2000-2001Summers 1999-2001July 1996 –August 1998Financial Accounting * Human Resources Management * Marketing * StatisticsBusiness Management * Microeconomics * Macroeconomics * CalculusAssistant Finance ManagerCenter for Religion, Ethics, and Social Policy, Fayetteville, NCManage finances (A/R, A/P, General Ledger on FASS) up to $80,000 on selfmodifiedLotus spreadsheet. Reconcile bank statements; compile projectreports. Aid in producing monthly and quarterly reports, budgets, incomestatements and balance sheets.Business AdministratorIBM Corporation, Pittsburgh, PAMaintained branch offices finances and monthly forecasting on self-designed Excelspreadsheets with macros.. Developed 50% of all spreadsheets used in operations ofdepartment. Created database containing 4,000 machines to perform inventory audit.Prepared visual materials for executive presentations to the branch manager usingcomputer-aided graphic design. Learned all necessary computer programsindependently.AssociateExpress, Monroeville, PAPromoted to supervisory position as wrap desk coordinator after first summer. Given soleresponsibility for opening and closing four registers totaling $15,000. Managed andtrained cashiers. Increased daily sales of women’s clothing by 20%. Received employeeof the month award due to sales, flexibility and customer service.Research AssistantAnytown College, Anytown, PAResearched and co-authored paper on economic socialization of adolescents with Dr.JoAnne Miller. Designed and constructed survey independently, and collected, organizedand compiled data.Assisted in evaluating and analyzing data using SAS.COMPUTER Excel, Micosoft Word, FASS, Aldus PageMaker, PowerPoint , LexisNexis and Lotus 1-2-3SKILLSACTIVITIES/INTERESTSStudent Center Advisor – critique resumes/cover letters, help direct job searchMinority Business Students AssociationInternational Student AssociationTutor in English15

Chronological ResuméJohn B. StudentCurrent Address:Permanent Address:141 College Road 999 Homebound WayFayetteville, NC 28311 Anytown, PA 15444(910) 999-9999 (724) 555-8888Email: jstudent@email.comOBJECTIVEEDUCATIONHONORS/AWARDSTo obtain a position applying research and writing skills in publishing.Methodist University, School of Arts and Humanities, Fayetteville, NCBachelor of Arts in History, May 2006Cumulative G.P.A.: 3.46 In major: 3.65Dean’s List for 2 years * Methodist Tradition Fellow * Marine Corps League ScholarshipstThe George and Lillian Miller Award * North Carolina Scholastic Press 1 Place AwardRELATED Undergraduate Research Assistant Summer 2005EXPERIENCE Professor Walter LaFerber, Methodist University, Fayetteville, NCSearched for and evaluated items pertinent to the professor’s current work using microfiche, databases, internetand other library resources. Proofread and corrected galleys of book, The American Age.Researcher and Writer Summer 2004Pennsylvania Resources Council, Media, PAResearched and compiled nation’s first guide to recycled products for consumers and small businesses.Composed questionnaires which were sent to 500 companies nationwide for product verification; designeddatabase for storing information. Wrote and formatted final form of guide. Wrote and edited articles for PRCnewsletter. Researched legislation on environmental issues; attended and reported on EPA conferences.Editor 2002 – 2005Small Talk, Methodist University, Fayetteville, NCProofread and edited articles and formatted magazine. Small Talk was named one of top two collegenewspapers in the country.OTHER Resident Advisor August 2003 – May 2005EXPERIENCE Department of Residence Life, Methodist University, Fayetteville, NCSupervised 96 students in residence hall. Served as primary resource on campus policy and information.Counseled students having difficulty adjusting to college experience. Programmed social activities andinformation sessions for overall complex of more than 500 students.Student Intern Summer 2002Adult Probation and Parole Services, Fayette County Courthouse, Anytown, PASupervised cases for over 50 clients by explaining rules of probation, maintaining monthly contacts, collectingcourt fees, and attending court proceedings. Implemented more orderly system for recording client contacts.ADDITIONALSKILLSACTIVITIESMicrosoft Office, Adobe Printshop, Canvas and SAS statistics packageIBM PC; UNIX operating systemProficiency in Spanish. Experienced peer counselor.Methodist University Concert Choir, Vice-President: Planned, coordinates, and supervised all Glee Clubsocial activities, including events with alumni and other campus groups. Organized club participation in campusintramural sports. Supervised office staff of 12. Increased campus exposure of club through informalperformances and distribution of information pamphlets.Fayetteville Greens: Instituted a program that worked closely with the Fayetteville Energy Department togarner campus support for energy conservation, particularly through use of compact fluorescent bulbs.16

Functional ResuméJohn B. Studentjstudent@email.com141 College Road 999 Homebound WayFayetteville, NC 28311 Anytown, PA 15444(910) 999-9999 (724) 555-8888OBJECTIVEA marketing position using leadership, interpersonal, and organizational skills.EDUCATIONMethodist University, School of Arts and Humanities, Fayetteville, NCBachelor of Arts in Financial Economics, May 20063.26 GPA Dean’s ListDelta Mu Delta, Reeves School of Business Honor SocietyLeadership:Communication:Initiative:AnalysisSUMMARY OF EXPERIENCESupervised and handled all store operations during manager’s absence.Arranged and directed two marketing events for Agway.Trained employees in the mortgage processing department.Elected New Student Directory editor; determined Directory’s content, layout and format.Directed and organized canned food drive for American Red Cross.Assisted hundreds of Agway customers in the areas of gardening and pet supplies.Negotiated publishing company contracts with professionals for the Directory.Interacted with local and regional American Red Cross offices.Motivated over 40 shoppers to donate canned foods.Aided customers by providing loan pay-off figures, payments, interest, and credit data.Remerchandised several department sections to help improve customer sales.Reorganized process for receiving feedback on New Student Directory.Devised method for efficiently recycling paper for mortgage processing department.Designed poster that aided in recruiting new fraternity members.Prepared, conducted, and analyzed customer service survey for Agway.Created managerial accounting budget using Microsoft Excel.Organized and analyzed credit reports and verifications of deposits, loans, and employment.Conducted research to locate check information.EMPLOYMENTManagement Intern, Agway Inc., Anytown, PA Summer 2005Mortgage Processor, Compass Bank, Anytown, PA Summer 2004Loan Servicing Clerk, Compass Bank, Anytown, PA Summer 2003Deposit Services Clerk, First National Bank, Anytown, PA Summer 2001, 2002CAMPUS AND OTHER ACTIVITIESChristian LYFE Council: Concessions ChairAmerican Red Cross Canned Food and Blood Drive ChairConcert ChoirStudent Government Association17

Combination ResuméJohn B. StudentCurrent Address:Permanent Address:141 College Road 999 Homebound WayFayetteville, NC 28311 Anytown, PA 15444(910) 999-9999 (724) 555-8888Email: jstudent@email.comEDUCATION/HONORSMethodist University, Fayetteville, NC, Bachelor of Arts in English, May 2005. GPA 3.5Presidents List 2001-2005, Sigma Tau Delta Honor Society, The Lucius Stacy Weaver Award, The Peer Mentor MeritAward, Unions and Activities Distinguished Service AwardRelated Courses: Communications Practicum, Advanced Expository Writing, Business Management, MarketingMANAGEMENT/LEADERSHIPTeaching Assistant, Methodist University. Fall 2004Prepared lesson plans and facilitated discussion sessions weekly. Provided feedback and recommendations forstudents and instructor; refined group process skills.House Manager, Pennsylvania Stage Company, Monroeville, PA. Summer 2003Represented theatre during performances. Introduced and coordinated effective volunteer program; recruited,trained, and supervised staff of 100 ushers. Restructured and systematized concessions services; controlledinventory and bank for concessions. Maintained security.PROMOTION/PUBLIC RELATIONSPromotion Chairperson, University Unions Program, Methodist University. 2002-2005Devised and implemented advertising campaigns for major events. Designed and distributed posters; placednewspaper ads and radio spots. Arranged press conferences.Ambassador, School of Arts and Humanities, Methodist University. 2002-2005Acted as liaison between the College and potential students. Conducted information sessions and tours, hostedvisiting students, and promoted Methodist University at high schools.Editorial Staff, Tapestry. 2002-2005Wrote, edited, and created layout for 100 page guide for new students with circulation of 2,000.PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT/MARKETINGCo-Coordinator, Senior Class Activities, Methodist University. 2004-2005Coordinated activities for class of 700. Headed and delegated responsibilities to 10-person committee. Managedsuccessful marketing campaigns for products and events.Lecture Programming Chairperson, Methodist University Program Board. 2002-2003Researched and developed program opportunities. Directed committee coordinating major lecture series; forecastedcommunity response. Prepared and presented budget.18

Curriculum Vitae Or CVVitaeA Curriculum Vitae or CV is similar to a resume in that itprovides key information about skills, experiences, educationand personal qualities that show an employer your potentialas a viable candidate for a job. The difference between a CVand a resume is their use, format and length. CV, also referredto as vitas tend to provide detail about academic and researchexperiences. Resumes give the reader a brief overview of yourqualifications, while vitae provide detailed information aboutyour qualifications.When to Use Curriculum VitaeIn the United States, a CV is used when applying foracademic, education, scientific or research positions.It is also applicable when applying for fellowshipsor grants. In Europe the Middle East, Africa, orAsia, a CV is expected when applying for a position.Personal information, such as date of birth, place ofbirth and nationality are expected on a CV in foreignentities. United States laws restricting employers fromrequesting such information do not apply to foreignemployers.Differences between a resumeand a CVUnlike resumes, there is no set format to vitas. Vitae are alsolonger than resumes, usually two or more pages. The CV includesyour name, contact information, education, skills and experience.It also includes research and teaching experience, publications,licenses, awards and other information relevant to the positionfor which you are applying.Sample Curriculum VitaeYour Name - Curriculum VitaePersonal Profile / Personal AttributesInsert your name. Use whatever heading(s) you prefer. Click on the red boxborders to delete them. The first section is about your personality - usestatements that relate to the requirements of the job and the employer.• Create 5-7 descriptive bullet-point phrases that describe your strengths and attributes• These statements should also reflect the personal qualities that the employer seeks• Keep the statements simple and clear; one line for each statement• Keep to a consistent format; use professional, concise, intelligent language• Use good, appropriate punctuation; semi-colons are effective for joining word-strings• Ensure you are able to back-up and provide an example for each statement you make• Examples and guidance for this section at www.businessballs.com/curriculum.htmThis shows what you can do - it’s about your capabilities. Relate themto the job requirements and the employer’s needs.19

Experience / Specialisms• Create 5-7 professional statements which explain your experience and/or specialisms• Select the experience that best fits your capabilities and the needs of the new job• Ensure each statement provides an example of a different capability• For example, planning, communicating, problem-solving, analysing, etc.• Examples and guidance for this section at www.businessballs.com/curriculum.htmThis shows what you have done and indicates your credibility andAchievementspotential. Relate this to the job requirements. Achievements need not• Create 3-7 professional statements which describe your achievementsall be work-based.• Select the examples that best illustrate capabilities relevant to the needs of the new job• Try to show a variety of types of achievements• Achievements need not be work-related, especially for young people with little work history• Ensure you attach context, scale, facts and figures to your achievements described• Guidance for this section at www.businessballs.com/curriculum.htmCareer History• mth/year-mth/year - job title/function/responsibilities - employer/city - industry• mth/year-mth/year - job title/function/responsibilities - employer/city - industry• mth/year-mth/year - job title/function/responsibilities - employer/city - industry• mth/year-mth/year - job title/function/responsibilities - employer/city - industryBriefly list your past jobs, employers, industry, and dates (mth/yr). Most recent first. Try to keep thedetails in neat columns. Briefly state responsibilities if not self-explanatory from the job titles. Ifappropriate state at the end: ‘References are available upon request’.Personal Details• name• address• phone numbers• email• DOB (date of birth)• marital status• driving licence• dependents (children)Education and QualificationsHobbies• School, college, dates, etc.• Qualifications• It is helpful to show hobbies thatreflect qualities which relate to thejob requirementsInsert your contact information, education, etc, in these two boxes. Double-click on box borders toreformat. To make more space reduce font size to 9 or 10pt.20Be bold - be proud of who you are and what you can do. Never let anyone tell you that you cannotbe or do anything you dream to be.It is normal for many people to under-estimate themselves and to ignore their greatest qualities.If this is you, seek some input from a positive friend to help you see your strengths and potential.Follow your dream.

HOW TO WRITE A VITAA VITA IS SIMILAR TO A RESUME IN THAT IT DOCUMENTS YOUR ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES. BUT,UNLIKE A RESUME, A VITA INCLUDES ADDITIONAL HEADINGS SUMMARIZING SUCH EXPERIENCES AS RESEARCH, CLINICAL,PRESENTATIONS, WORKSHOPS AND PUBLICATIONS. A VITA IS USED FOR INDIVIDUALS CONSIDERING GRADUATE ORPROFESSIONAL SCHOOL AND/OR WORKING IN AN ACADEMIC OR RESEARCH SETTING. VITAS ARE CONSIDERED “LIFELONG”DOCUMENTS BECAUSE THEY ACCUMULATE. IN OTHER WORDS, INFORMATION ON A VITA BEGINS AT THE COLLEGE LEVEL ANDACCUMULATES THROUGHOUT ONE’S LIFE. THIS IS WHY A VITA EVENTUALLY BECOMES SEVERAL PAGES IN LENGTH, UNLIKE ARESUME THAT IS ONE PAGE IN LENGTH AND HIGHLIGHTS CURRENT PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES WITHIN THE PAST THREEYEARS. THIS DOES NOT MEAN THAT A VITA CAN BE FILLED WITH “STUFF.” MAKE CERTAIN THAT YOUR VITA INCLUDES QUALITYAND NOT QUANTITY. AS WITH A RESUME, A VITA MUST BE NEAT, WELL ORGANIZED, CONTAIN NO “TYPOS” OR MISSPELLINGSAND HAVE RELEVANT INFORMATION.MAJOR SECTIONS OF A VITA (NOTE: AS A CURRENT COLLEGE STUDENT, IT IS UNLIKELY THAT YOU HAVE ACCUMULATED ENOUGHEXPERIENCE TO FILL UP ALL OF THE SECTIONS BELOW. REMEMBER THAT A VITA IS A LIFELONG DOCUMENT! EVENTUALLY, YOUWILL BE ADDING MORE SECTIONS, OR YOU MAY HAVE AN ADDITIONAL SECTION TO ADD WHICH IS UNIQUE TO YOUR OWNEXPERIENCES. COMPLETE WHAT IS APPROPRIATE FOR YOU NOW AND ADD ON AS YOU OBTAIN ADDITIONAL EXPERIENCES.1) HEADINGNAME, ADDRESS, PHONE, E-MAIL2) EDUCATIONLIST IN REVERSE CHRONOLOGICAL ORDER STARTINGWITH THE MOST RECENT. INCLUDE:A) NAME OF COLLEGE/UNIVERSITYB) GRADUATION/EXPECTED GRADUATIONC) MAJOR/MINOR OR PLAN OF STUDYD) DEGREE EARNED/EXPECTEDE) GPA3) SIGNIFICANT COURSEWORKPAY ATTENTION TO THE WORD “SIGNIFICANT”. LISTCOURSES THAT ARE VERY SIGNIFICANT TO YOUREDUCATIONAL OR ACADEMIC GOALS OR COURSES THATARE UNIQUE AND SHOW SPECIAL SKILLS. THIS SHOULDBE LIMITED TO FOUR COURSES. ONLY LIST THE COURSETITLES, NOT NUMBERS.4) EMPLOYMENTLIST RELEVANT JOB EXPERIENCES IN CHRONOLOGICALORDER STARTING WITH THE MOST RECENT. INCLUDE:A) NAME OF EMPLOYER B) CITY OF EMPLOYERC) DATES YOU WORKED D) JOB TITLEE) DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES (USE ACTION VERBS)(SEE ATTACHED LIST)5) PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCETHIS INCLUDES ANY ACTIVITY THAT HELPED YOUDEVELOP SKILLS. INTERNSHIPS, PRACTICUMSOR VOLUNTEERING ARE GOOD EXAMPLES OFPROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCES. FORMAT THESEEXPERIENCES THE SAME AS #4 ABOVE. REMEMBER TOUSE ACTION VERBS.6) RESEARCHLIST EACH RESEARCH EXPERIENCE YOU HAVE HAD.EXPLAIN THE STUDY POPULATION, HYPOTHESES ANDYOUR DUTIES IN DETAIL USING PARAGRAPH FORMAT.REMEMBER TO USE APPROPRIATE TERMINOLOGYRELEVANT TO YOUR FIELD OF STUDY AND THE RESEARCHYOU DID.7) WORKSHOPS/LECTURESLIST ANY WORKSHOPS OR LECTURES YOU ATTENDEDOR PRESENTED. DESCRIBE THEM IN DETAIL USINGPARAGRAPH FORMAT. INCLUDE THE DATES ATTENDEDAND LOCATIONS.8) PUBLICATIONSIF YOU HAVE PRODUCED RESEARCH PUBLICATIONS ANDOTHER ARTICLES, LIST THEM IN REFERENCE FORMAT.REMEMBER THAT THESE MUST BE PROFESSIONALPUBLICATIONS WHERE YOU WERE A SIGNIFICANT PARTOF THE PUBLISHED WORK.9) TEACHINGLIST ANY TEACHING EXPERIENCES YOU HAVE HAD. USETHE SAME FORMAT AS #4 AND #5 ABOVE.10) HONORS AND AWARDSLIST THESE BY THEIR TITLES. REMEMBER TO PUT DATES.11) PROFESSIONAL MEMBERSHIPSLIST ALL ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL SOCIETIES INWHICH YOU ARE A MEMBER.12) ADDITIONAL SKILLSLIST ANY OTHER SKILLS YOU FEEL ARE RELEVANT TOYOUR AREA.13) ACTIVITIESLIST ANY ACTIVITIES THAT SHOW YOUR POTENTIAL ANDSKILL.21

Job Search Correspondence and ResearchAlways include a cover letter when you mail, fax, or e-mailyour resume to an employer. Sending letters to organizationsintroduces you to employers, captures their attention, arousestheir interest, and hopefully persuades them to consider you foran interview.Types of Job Search Letters:• Networking/Informational Interview (cover letter)• Application (cover letter)• Inquiry (cover letter)• Thank-you to follow interview• Accepting a job offer• Declining a job offerPreparing Correspondence:Type it neatly on resume quality 8 ½” x 11” paper. Keep it cleanand free of obvious error corrections. Make sure the type fontand paper matches your resume. NOTE: It is acceptable to sendyour job search correspondence by email. Please remember tohave someone else review your correspondence do not relysolely on spell check. The same rules about flawlessness apply.Whenever possible, address your letters to a specific person, byname and title, rather than by “personnel director” or “personneldepartment.” If you do not have the person’s name, call thecompany before writing the letter—it will be worth the costof the phone call! In a letter of application or inquiry, tell howyou learned of the employer and why you are interested in theorganization.Let the letter reflect your individuality, but do not appearfamiliar, cute, humorous, or overconfident. You are writing to aprofessional about a subject that is serious to both of you.Remember to close by suggesting an action plan. Ask for aresponse or “close of sale”; request an interview, if appropriate.Indicate that you will follow up and let the employer know whento expect to hear from you.The Office of Career Services staff is available to offersuggestions and to critique letters as well as resumes. Alsoour on-line resources provide samples of every type ofcorrespondence to assist you in writing professional letters.RESEARCHING ORGANIZATIONSTo tailor your resume and cover letter to a particularposition and especially to prepare effectively for aninterview, you need to know as much as possible aboutthe company or organization. Employers perceive“researching the company” as a critical factor in theirevaluation of applicants because it reflects interest,enthusiasm, and careful consideration. In the interview,it shows that you understand the purpose of this process,and it establishes a common base of knowledge fromwhich questions can be asked.WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOWTry to locate the following items of basic informationabout the company:• age• services or products• clients/customers• competitors within theindustry as a whole• growth patternprojects• reputation• divisions and subsidiaries• location• size• number of employees• sales• assets and earnings• new products or• number of locations• foreign operations!Business Letter WritingA cover letter is the story that brings your résumé to life andconnects your competencies to a specific employer and ideally, toa specific position. Consider the importance of making a strongfirst impression which is the opportunity presented by a coverletter. Many times, the cover letter is the first representation ofyou made to a prospective employer. It gives the reader a smallglimpse of who you are, what makes you tick and why. The coverletter is different from a résumé, which provides an executivesummary, high level overview of your competencies andaccomplishments. Your cover letter should not simply repeat thesame wording as your résumé. The benefits of including a uniqueand targeted cover letter with your résumé include:• A chance to customize your approach and credentials to theemployer and the job• It illustrates the connection between employer requirementsand your skills and abilities• The opportunity to showcase information not on your résumé• Demonstrates your writing skills and ability to communicateAs a tool used by recruiters for screening candidates, a strongcover letter can enhance your position for further consideration.22

• Customize cover letter to the position, the company,and the person• Spell check and double spell check• Have someone else check your letter before sending• Be succinct (rewrite to eliminate redundancies)• Be direct (use the active voice)• Use powerful, dynamic language(action verbs, achievement-oriented language)Style & Standards• Be specific and back up your statements (avoid vague,unsubstantiated descriptions)• Avoid one-sentence paragraphs; use shorter sentences• Do not start all sentences/paragraphs with “I”• Have appropriate follow up in the last paragraph• Be yourself: this is what cover letters are all aboutContent and Format of a Cover LetterYour Return AddressDateName of Contact PersonTitleOrganizationStreet AddressCity, State, Zip CodeSalutation (Dear XXX):Opening Paragraph: STATE YOUR REASON FOR WRITING - Introduction of yourself and the purpose of yourletter: who you are and why you are writing. State what position you are applying for and why. Briefly mentionhow you learned of this opportunity, or how the employer’s name was obtained, e.g. I saw your position postedon e-recruiting (or another posting) or through a conversation with Chris Klein, I have developed an interestinyour company. Explain why you are interested in this particular company.Middle Paragraph: EMPHASIZE YOUR STRONGEST QUALIFICATIONS – BASED ON THEIR NEEDS - Anoverview of your competencies (talents, knowledge, and skills) and unique strengths, stated in terms of theunique value you bring to the company. Support what you say by noting the positive results you achieved ininternships, previous work or educational contexts. Map your competencies to the requirements of the specificjob of interest or organization. Sell yourself.Closing Paragraph: STATE EXPECTED ACTION - Thank the reader of your letter, state how you may becontacted (include both phone number and email address), and note a follow up action item for yourself.Remember to state the specific date that you will be calling (approximately one week after you send the letter).Sincerely,Your signature (4 blank lines for this)Your typed nameEnclosure: Résumé23

Your NameContact infoNameTitleAddressAddress cont.Dear Name:I am a student at Methodist University in Fayetteville, NC, and I am very interested in aninternship with your firm. With my education background, excellent communication skills,organization ability, and desire to succeed, I believe that I would be a valuable asset to yourfirm.As an Accounting major, my academic schedule is rigorous. My academic integrity,however, has provided me with numerous scholarships, awards, and honors. My academicresponsibilities have increased the necessity of organizational management, and I havesuccessfully responded. Currently, I am Resident Assistant, Treasurer of the StudentGovernment Association, Vice President of the International Club and a member of theDelta Mu Delta Business Honor Society. My success, however, is not solely based onindividual determination; my desire to engage in teamwork has resulted in several successfulcommunity service endeavors. I work excellently in a team setting, yet I am adequatelyequipped to practice independence when necessary. I have real world experience in theaccounting environment.While upholding a rigorous academic schedule and demanding commitments toextracurricular activities, I have maintained a 3.776 GPA, with a 4.0 in the Fall of 2006. Istrongly believe that perfection in the classroom will correlate with my work in your firm.I have a genuine interest in accounting and I am passionate to succeed in a financialsetting. My desire is to view first hand the operations of your organization and enhance myeducational skills and knowledge.Please contact me at 910-999-9999 or myanme@student.methodist.edu to set up aninterview to discuss further what I have to offer your organization. If I do not receive aresponse from you by date, I will contact you to discuss interview preparations and otheressential information.Cover Letter Letter of ApplicationNameTitleOrganizationStreet AddressCity, State, ZipDear Mr./Ms. Xxxxx:MU Box # 55555Fayetteville, NC 28311March 1, 2008I read with interest your vacancy for the position of Policy Analyst, which was advertisedwith the Office of Career Services at Methodist University. As my resume indicates, Ihave the requisite skills that are outlined for this position. My background in socialscience is well suited to the Policy Analyst position. I am particularly enthusiastic aboutthis opportunity with [insert company name] because of the diversity of its clients fromgovernment and industry to academia and non-profits throughout the United States andabroad.My major in psychology has provided me with training in survey design and datacollection. My practical experiences as the treasurer for the Psychology Club havedeveloped my budget management skills. Additionally, I interned last summer with Kleinand Associates, an advertising agency, which honed my project administration skillsbecause I provided support to the account management department. This fast-paceddepartment was responsible for getting ads made on time and on budget accordingto their clients’ needs. According to my supervisor at Klein and Associates, theyexperienced the largest increase in clients in the agency’s 10-year history during thispast summer.With my educational background and work experience, I would make an immediatecontribution to the [insert company name] team. I would appreciate the opportunity tointerview on campus next month for this position. Thank you for your consideration andI look forward to hearing from you.Sincerely,Respectfully,(Written signature)John SmithYour nameEnclosure24

Letter of InquiryMU Box # 55555Fayetteville, NC 28311March 1, 2008NameTitleOrganizationStreet AddressCity, State, ZipDear Mr. / Ms. Xxxxx:During a recent conversation with Mr. Albert Jones, a member of your marketingdepartment and an alumna of Methodist University, I learned of your management-trainingprogram. I am interested in this program because of my desire to pursue a career in retailmanagement and my plans to relocate to the Atlanta, Georgia area after graduation.I will receive my Bachelor of Arts in English this May. My interest in business startedwith Junior Achievement while in high school and developed further through a varietyof sales and retail positions during college. My internship with a Macy’s store convincedme to pursue a career in retail. When I researched the top retailers in Atlanta, [companyname] emerged as having a strong market position, an excellent training program, and areputation for strong customer service. In short, you provide the kind of professional retailenvironment that I seek.To demonstrate my strong interest in your management training program, I am enclosingmy resume for your consideration. I know from customer and supervisor feedback that Ihave the interpersonal skills and motivation needed to build a successful career in retailmanagement.I would appreciate the opportunity to discuss with you my experiences and qualificationsfor the management-training program. I will call you during the week of March 17th todiscuss employment possibilities. In the meantime, if you need to contact me, my numberis (910) 630-5555 and my email address is Albert.Jones@methodist.edu. I look forward totalking with you.Sincerely,(written signature)Jennifer JohnsonEnclosureFINAL PARAGRAPH: Close with a suggestion for further action. Indicate that you will be available for additionalinterviews at the employer’s convenience. Show a willingness to submit any additional information or clarifying datato add to your application.SECOND PARAGRAPH: Reaffirm your interest in the position and company. Briefly summarize and highlight yourskills and ability to uniquely perform the job as described in the interview.Components of a Thank You LetterFIRST PARAGRAPH: Thank the employer for the interview and/or express appreciation for the courtesy andconsideration extended to you. State the job for which you were interviewed, date of interview, and where it wasconducted.EnclosureIam A. Student(Written signature)Regards,As you requested at my interview, I am enclosing an official copy of my transcript. Ifyou have any additional questions about my background or qualifications, please donot hesitate to call. I would welcome the opportunity to interview at your corporateheadquarters. I look forward to hearing from you.I know my educational background as a psychology major has given me knowledge andinsight into human relations. My work experience as Assistant Manager at Outback hashoned my interpersonal skills in dealing with customers tactfully and in changing theirattitudes while retaining their business.It was a pleasure meeting with you on Wednesday, February 18th at the on-campusinterview held at Methodist University. I enjoyed learning more about XYZ ComputerSystems and the Customer Support Representative position in particular. I was impressedby XYZ’s drive to be the most responsive provider of information processing equipmentand services in the industry.Dear Mr. / Ms. Xxxxx:NameTitleOrganizationStreet AddressCity, State, ZipMU Box # 55555Fayetteville, NC 28311March 1, 2008Thank You Letter for Interview25

Letter to DeclineYour AddressDateIndividual’s NameEmployer’s AddressDear __________:After considerable thought, I have decided not to accept your offer of employment asoutlined in your (date) letter. This has been a very difficult decision for me. However,I feel I have made the correct decision for this point in my career.Thank you for your time, effort, and consideration. Your confidence in me is sincerelyappreciated.Regards,(Written signature)Your name typedLetter to Accept OfferYour AddressDateIndividual’s NameEmployer’s AddressDear _____________:I am very pleased to accept your offer (state offer) as outlined in your letter of (date).(Include all details of offer – location, starting salary, starting date.)(Mention enclosures – application, resume, employee forms, or other information– “and any related commentary.)I look forward to meeting the challenges of the job, and I shall make every attempt tofulfill your expectations.Cordially,(Written signature)EnclosuresYour Name Typed26

Some Good Advice from Vault.comCommon Cover Letter ErrorsAlthough companies consistently demand applicants to submitcover letters along with their resumes, many jobseekers stillbelieve the cover letter to be nothing but a mild formality.Sometimes they don’t bother sending a cover letter at all or justsend one-paragraph notes, quickly belted out with little thought.Too short is too badMany people send short throwaway notes in place of real coverletters. A cover letter should have three to four paragraphs, withthe longest one being the middle one or two, and the shortestone being the summation paragraph. The idea is to make thedocument brief and easily readable while still demonstratinga professional, thoughtful manner.SillinessIn attempt to let their personality and humor soak through thecotton-bound paper, many applicants try to make their coverletters funny. But these attempts rarely work. You have no wayof knowing if your prospective boss shares your sense of humor.Moreover, the cover letter offers a sample of your ability toconduct business-like communications.Poor Grammer and, MispelingsNo one wants to make grammatical or spelling errors butmany applicants nevertheless submit cover letters with smalland thoughtless, yet deadly, errors. People have a difficult timeseeing the mistakes in their own writing, so ask someone else toproofread the cover letter for you. Spell checks can also insinuatetypos, as demonstrated by one cover letter writer who boastedthat “Referees are available on request.”Clichés put egg on your faceIt goes without saying that the best way to sound unremarkableand insincere is to fill your cover letter with clichés andbuzzwords. Even if those buzzwords represent honestinformation you are trying to relay, remember, the road to hellis paved with good intentions. The best way to express yourdesires is to say how you really feel. So if you come up withthe real McCoy, take a bow, because you’re moving in the rightdirection faster than a speeding bullet.Pontificating with immoderately labored interpretivephraseologies (That is, writing overdone sentences)How many times have you seen someone strain to play it cool,only to crash and burn after misusing an impressive-soundingword? In an attempt to sound intelligent, cover letter writersregularly produce sentences that use big, impressive, butunfamiliar words.No egomaniacs or sycophantsThis is an opportunity for you to give employers an idea of whoyou are, what you’ve accomplished and how you can contributeto their company. Nobody likes a self-absorbed narcissist, andeven fewer people want to work with one. Avoid unqualified,grandiose statements and assumptions about how impressedyour reader will be with you. On the other hand, don’t pour on abunch of flattering statements about potential employers unlessyou mean them. Chances are, any insincerity will drip through.Avoid personal negatives (“I just got fired from my job becauseI refused to work on my birthday”) and overblown confessions.If you’re interested in a position or company, just say why.Okay:“Cymad’s increasing stake in the booming semiconductor marketmakes this position intriguing indeed.”“I’ve admired your company’s products for some time, especiallythe Nibok 5000.”No good:“You have the most fabulous company ever and it would be theculmination of my life dream to work with you.”“I would DIE to work at Microdex.”Preparing for InterviewsThe interview is your one true opportunity to convince apotential employer that YOU are the right person for the job. Youwill want to do everything possible to make a good impression inthis meeting. Aside from professional appearance, there are twomajor areas on which you will want to concentrate:• Know Yourself – to discuss your career goals, skills, strengths,accomplishments, interests, etc.• Know the Employer – to discuss its products, services,organizational structure, etc.You will want to continually look for concrete examples thatillustrate how your background, skills, and interests match thecompany’s needs.BEFORE THE INTERVIEW:• Attend an interview skills workshop sponsored by the CareerServices Center.• RESEARCH, RESEARCH, RESEARCH!! Research the company(see page 21 for a list of items to research). Doing somethorough research on a company will always be to your benefitin an interview. It impresses the recruiter and shows thatyou have a genuine interest in the job, it helps you respondintelligently to the recruiter’s questions, it helps you formthoughtful questions to ask the recruiter, and it helps you makean informed decision about a job offer.27

• Practice your interview skills. Anticipate likely interviewquestions (a list of common interview questions have beenprovided). Write out your responses to each question the wayyou would respond to them in the interview; or better yet,role-play an interview with a friend or an Office of CareerServices staff member who can give you constructive feedback.Create a list of your specific skills and qualities that you wishto communicate during the interview. We strongly recommendthat you sign up for a mock interview in the Office of CareerServices.DURING THE INTERVIEW:• Sell to their need.• Listen to the interviewer. Adapt to the interviewer’s styleand try to ascertain why particular questions are being askedbefore responding. If needed, ask for clarification.• Be aware of your body language. Offer a firm handshake ingreeting and at the close of the interview. Maintain goodeye contact. Avoid nervous mannerisms, such as touchingyour hair or face, fidgeting, or moving your hands and feetconstantly. Avoid folding or crossing your arms and holdingthings in front of your body. Use a strong, confident tone ofvoice.• Be positive and show confidence. Speak positively andconfidently regarding your past work and educationalexperiences, as well as past employers. Emphasize whatyou have learned from past experiences and how you solvedproblems in response to challenges. Watch out for negativewords that may creep into your explanations or even wordsthat distract from a positive statement, such as “pretty good,”“maybe,” “I feel,” “I think,” “sort of,” etc. Avoid the use of slangand sentence fillers such as “you know,” “um,” and “like.”• Express interest. Point out to the interviewer the particularreasons why you are interested in the organization.• Convey your qualifications. Know at least three good reasonswhy you are an outstanding candidate and weave them intothe interview.• Tell (brief) stories. Use examples. Do not just say, “I’m a goodmanager.” Give an example of how you handled a situationthat illustrates good management skills.• Have questions ready when the interviewer asks, “Now, doyou have any questions?” Ask questions that would elicitinformation to help you decide if this company and thisposition offer what you are seeking in a career.AFTER THE INTERVIEW:• Get feedback. Interviewing can improve with practice. Byanalyzing your interview with the Office of Career Services, youcan improve upon your poise, confidence, and effectiveness inthe interview.• Review your notes about your interview and send a thank youletter within 24 hours.Common Interview Questions“Tell me about yourself.”This is an invitation for you to sell yourself to the interviewer.This is NOT the time to give your life history or any personalinformation. Recruiters are wanting to hear about your“professional” self, so develop a brief “commercial” aboutyourself by presenting a few of your strong points. Include someof your skills and accomplishments, your interest in the industry,and why you want to work for the company.“What is your greatest strength?”State your greatest strength and make sure to support yourclaim with past achievements. Always follow up with a specificexample to show how you have developed and/or demonstratedyour strength. Make sure to pay attention to the question. Ifyou are asked for only one strength, then provide only oneinstead of a long list. Answering the question the way it is askedshows good listening skills.“What is your greatest weakness?”• Use a weakness from your past, and show how you overcame itor compensated for it.Answer the question honestly, but always follow your weaknessup with a positive. Avoid the old trick of using a weakness thatcan be seen as a positive characteristic because interviewerswill see through this approach. They have heard the “I’m aperfectionist” answer so many times that it has become a cliché.“What are your long-term goals?”The interviewer is trying to gather several bits of informationwith this question, such as your:• maturity, foresight, and realistic outlook;• degree of preparation in career planning;• knowledge of yourself, the occupation, and the company; and,• commitment to the profession.“What do you know about us?” and“Why are you interested in working for us?”28Be careful with this question, because applicants are screened onthe basis of their weaknesses or lack of them. The interviewer isconcerned about any red flags that might signal your inability toperform the job or to be managed. Some options:• Use a minor part of the job at hand where you lack knowledge,and explain how you would learn with experience.To answer this question, you must have done your research onthe organization. Interviewers ask this question because theyexpect for you to have at least checked out their website. Theirtest to see what you know about the company is their way ofdetermining if you are genuinely interested in them. Reply withthis organization’s attributes as you see them. Your knowledgeof the organization and how you and your goals fit into thebusiness can be expressed here.

“Why should we hire you?”Once again, the interviewer is asking you to sell yourself. Youranswer should be short and to the point, highlighting areas fromyour background that relate to the company’s current needs orproblems. Recap the interviewer’s description of the job, meetingit point by point with your skills.“Do you have any questions for us?”Make sure you ALWAYS have questions of your own preparedfor the interviewer. This shows genuine interest in the job, andthe information you gain from your own questions will help youdetermine if this is the job you really want. Interviewing is atwo-way street! Ask questions that would elicit information tohelp you decide if this company and this position offer what youare seeking in a career (for examples, refer to the next page).This is NOT the time, however, to ask questions about salary orvacation/holidays.Ready for the Real World?Learn the Road Rules for Your JourneyInto the Real World with the CareerServices Center!ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS ASKED BY EMPLOYERS:• What do you see yourself doing five years from now?• How do you plan to achieve your career goals?• How would you describe yourself?• What motivates you to put forth your greatest effort?• How has your college experience prepared you for a career?• What qualifications do you have that make you think that youwill be successful?• In what ways do you think you can make a contribution to ourcompany?Types of InterviewsThe Telephone InterviewThere are three basic types of telephone interviews:• You call an employer to inquire about employment, and he orshe does a quick interview on the spot.• A pre-set time and date are mutually arranged.• Based on previous contact such as a resume submission, youare called without warning.Prepare yourself for a telephone interview.• Put these items near the telephone: copies of materials youhave sent out (i.e. resume, cover letter, writing samples),information you have received from the company, a “cheatsheet” of research information on companies you havecontacted, a list of your specific experiences and skills thatyou wish to communicate, a list of your questions about thecompany and the position, and pen and paper for notes.• What qualities should a successful manager possess?• What two or three accomplishments have given you the mostsatisfaction? Why?• How do you work under pressure?• What two or three things are most important to you in a job?• What major problem have you encountered and how did youdeal with it?• What have you learned from your mistakes?• Are you willing to travel or relocate?• Are you willing to spend at least six months as a trainee?QUESTIONS ASKED BY CANDIDATES:• What are plans for future growth/expansion?• What makes your firm different from its competitors?• Why do you enjoy working for your firm?• How is the current department organized?• What future challenges face this department?• To whom does this position report?• With what other key individuals/groups does this positioninterface?• What are the key ongoing responsibilities?• What would be one of the first projects for which I would beresponsible?• What are the opportunities for advancement?• How frequently is this position evaluated?• Assuming good performance, how long might I expect to be inthis position?• What training and development are provided to the employee?• What opportunities are available for professional development?• Does this company support other formal education?• For a pre-set interview, request the names and titles of thepeople with whom you will be speaking and wear appropriateinterviewing attire. It will assist you in assuming “interviewmode.”• Have a clock to keep track of the time. Most screeninginterviews last 30 minutes.• Control background noise such as stereo, TV, roommates, etc.• Disable call waiting temporarily.• Smile as you speak. It makes your voice more pleasant andupbeat. Put a mirror in front of you so you can monitor yourfacial expressions.• Record a professional message on your voice mail/answeringmachine!29

30The On-site Second InterviewA candidate being seriously considered by a prospective employeris usually invited to visit the organization for further interviews.The purpose of the site visit is to provide you with an opportunityto meet other staff and to conduct additional interviews to helpdetermine where a good match and fit is developing. Do notaccept an invitation for a visit unless you are seriously interested.This practice is not only unethical; it may also deprive someoneelse of a needed opportunity.Preliminary ArrangementsBefore the on-site interview, request that the invitation beconfirmed in writing. In addition, get the following information:• The name, address, and phone number of the individualcoordinating the visit.• The position(s) for which you are being considered.• Travel arrangements, including transportation and hotelaccommodations, if necessary.• Accurate directions to the site and estimated travel time. (Takea map with you!)• A clear understanding of the firm’s reimbursement policies andprocedures. (See below)Typical DaySite visits may range from two hours to one and one-halfdays, and may include group and individual interviews, a tourof the facility, and breakfast, lunch, or dinner with a companyrepresentative. One of the most important interviews will bewith your prospective supervisor. In addition, you will usuallymeet and be interviewed by several people representing a crosssectionof the company and department. Remember that, evenwhen participating in social functions, such as lunch, you arebeing evaluated.In addition, remember you are there to evaluate them as well. Donot forget to get all of your questions answered before you leave.ExpensesBecause of the variances in company policies and practices,you should determine before you go on the visit how travelexpenses will be handled. Be certain you understand whetheryou will receive an advance, will receive an immediate paymentat a later date, or will be required to cover expenses yourself.Legitimate expenses are directly related to your interview andare those that are necessary to get you there and back, coveringthe basics of transportation, food, and lodging. Keep all receiptsfor all expenses incurred. If you are visiting more than oneorganization on a single trip, your expenses must be prorated.Follow-upA letter to the appropriate person in the organization expressingyour appreciation for the site visit is necessary and is consideredgood job-search etiquette. This should be done within 24 hoursof the interview.Tips for Success• Remember that everyone is evaluating you. Always present aprofessional image; never let your guard down.• Take extra copies of your resume and reference list.• Avoid alcoholic beverages during the lunch interview.• Get a good night’s sleep before the interview.Adapted from the UVa School of Engineering & Applied Sciences“1990 Career Planning & Placement Handbook.”The Behavioral InterviewMore and more organizations are using this style of interviewingin their hiring processes. Behavioral interviewing is becomingso popular because the most accurate predictor of futureperformances is past performance in a similar situation.Employers predetermine which skills are necessary for thejob they are seeking to fill and then ask pointed questionsto determine if the candidate possesses these skills. In theinterview, your response needs to be specific and detailed. Tellyour interviewer about a particular past situation that relatesto the question, not a general one. Tell him or her the situationbriefly, what actions you took specifically, and the positive resultor outcome. This is a four-step process: STARSituation/Task Action Result/OutcomeCareful preparation is the key to an effective behavioralinterview. Your interview preparation should include identifyingexamples of situations where you have demonstrated thebehaviors for a given company. Use examples of past internships,classes, activities, team involvements, community service, workexperience, and personal achievements. Make sure your storyhas a beginning, middle and an end, and be sure the outcome orresult reflects positively on you even if the result itself was notfavorable.Examples of Behavioral Interview Questions:• Give an example of a time in which you had to be relativelyquick in coming to a decision.• Tell me about a time when you had to go above and beyondthe call of duty in order to get a job done.• Tell me about a time when you had to lead others to follow acourse of action. Why was this necessary? How did you do it?What was the result?• Think of a time when your course load was heavier than usual.What was the situation? How did you get all of your workdone?• What was the most difficult task you had to learn on yourinternship?• By providing examples, convince me that you can adapt to awide variety of people, situations, and environments.• Give me an example of a time when you were able tosuccessfully communicate with another person, even whenthat individual may not have personally liked you (or viceversa).• Describe an innovative idea that you produced which led to asignificant contribution to the success of an activity or project.• Have you ever had the responsibility of persuading someoneto do something he or she did not want to do? What was thesituation? What did you say? What was the result?

Interviews Do’s and Don’tsDO…• be early by at least 15 minutes. This allows for traffic or other small setbacks. It also gives you time to stop off in the restroom todouble check your appearance and calm your nerves.• be friendly to receptionists. Oftentimes employers will ask their trusted support staff what their first impressions of you were, somake sure you treat them as well as you would the interviewer.• follow the lead of the employer to identify relevant topics for discussion.• bring extra copies of your resume for additional members of the search committee.• take notes, but be sure to maintain eye contact.DON’T…• chew gum or smoke.• ramble or use slang in your responses. Express thoughts clearly and concisely, citing examples from your past experiences.• bring up salary until they do.• be negative. Make sure to always answer in a positive tone with responses that reflect favorably on you.• forget to have questions of your own to ask.n“Follow your bliss and be what you want to be.Don’t climb the ladder of success only to findit’s leaning against the wrong wall.”—Bernie Siegel, psychologist and writermMost Common Interview MistakesThe most common reasons given by employers for NOT offering a job to a new graduate:• Poor personal appearance.• Overbearing know-it-all.• Inability to express self clearly; poor voice, diction,grammar.• Lack of planning for career; no focus or long-term goals.• Lack of confidence and poise.• Lack of interest, enthusiasm, and energy.• Poor scholastic record – just got by.• Unwilling to start at the bottom – expects too much toosoon.• Failure to express appreciation for interviewer’s time.• Fails to look interviewer in the eye.• Limp, fishy handshake.• Loafs during summers instead of gaining meaningful workexperience.• Indefinite response to questions.• Sloppy resume.• Merely shopping around for a job.• Little sense of humor.• Inability to listen.• No knowledge of the organization.• Asks no questions about the job.• Only wants a job for a short time.• No interest in company or industry.• Unwillingness to go where we need to send the individual.• Late to interview without good reason.• Lack of tact.• Lack of maturity.• Lack of courtesy.• Negative attitude toward past employers.31

Informational InterviewingAn Essential Job Search and Networking ToolWhen most college students hear the words “job interview,” theyautomatically think of the high- pressure and often dreaded partof the job search process. In actuality, there are some interviewsdesigned to spark confidence instead of fear. These interviewsare referred to as informational interviews. Informationalinterviewing is a formal method of research conducted by thecandidate long before he or she is the one in the hot seat.At first, the process of informational interviewing may seemintimidating. Some common concerns may be: “Why wouldanyone want to spend their valuable time talking to me?”“I’m not good at talking to strangers.”It can be intimidating to call a stranger to ask for aninformational interview. Realize, however, that most people inthe types of jobs you are exploring will have similar interests toyours and will be glad to share what they know.“Couldn’t I find the same information in booksor company literature?”Yes and no. Your informational interview contacts may provideinformation that is straight out of the company literature.However, they will also provide personal insights and opinionsthat you cannot get from any other source.A few suggested questions to ask:• What are your major responsibilities?• How did you happen to choose this line of work?• How did you get your first job in this field?• How did you get where you are today, and, if you had it to doover, would you take the same route?• How open do you think this field is today?Plan to arrive at the informational interview on time and dressprofessionally. Also, be courteous enough to keep within youragreed-upon timeframe. When the interview is over, thank theperson for his or her time. Promptly follow up with a thankyouletter. Periodically contact the individual to see how thingsare going and to keep him or her up-to-date with your jobsearch process.Interviewing TipsThe key to successful interviewing is not your experience, your grades, what classesyou took, your extracurricular activities, or the other basic necessities. It’s yourattitude! Remember that a first impression is made in the first 27 seconds!• Learn everything you can about the company. Ask questionsof the company’s employees to learn about the company’scultures and values.• The best thing that you can do to prepare for an interview isto interview someone who already works for the company. Tofind this person, use your network or seek out alumni.• Dress for success. The best rule of thumb is to dress for theposition just above the job you are applying for.• Allow plenty of time to get to the interview and, if possible,visit the site in advance and time how long it takes to get there(but do not arrive more than 10 minutes before interview).• Plan your interview attire in advance and make sure yourclothing is pressed, your shoes are shined and your hair andnails are well groomed.• Bring extra copies of your resume and a list of references.• Speak slowly and clearly and don’t be afraid to pause for amoment to collect your thoughts.• Be honest. Don’t try to cover up mistakes. Instead focus onhow you’ve learned from them.• Be assertive. Remember that the interview is a way for you tolearn if the job is right for you.• Ask the interviewer for a business card and send a thank-younote or e-mail as soon as possible.• Set the stage with a good first impression.• What you must articulate in the interview:1. Express your passion for the business.2. Show motivation and purpose.3. Skills and experience.4. Professionalism.5. Creativity and leadership.6. Accomplishments.7. Personal interests and hobbies.• Maintain eye contact. Concentrate on noticing the color ofthe person’s eyes as you shake hands.• Be mindful of your body language.32

ZDress for SuccessGiven that first impressions can greatly influence a hiringdecision, the manner in which you present yourself during aninterview can make a big difference in your ability to advancefurther into the interviewing process.Always present a neat, well-groomed, and professionalappearance during interviews. It is probably best to stick with asuit regardless of where you are going, UNLESS you have receivedspecific information to the contrary.Many recruiters emphasize the importance of having aconservative appearance: “Although appearance is importantyou want to make sure that you are remembered for your skillsand not your clothing. We recommend wearing a dark coloredsuit with a neutral colored shirt or blouse. Skirt or pant suit isappropriate for women. Avoid busy-patterned ties and excessiveamounts of jewelry or accessories. You want the interviewer tofocus on you and not what you’re wearing.”Interview Attire For MenSuit: In most interviews, it is recommended that men wear darkor gray suits (solid or subtle pinstripes). In organizations that areless formal (possibly nonprofit, education), one might considera blazer, shirt and tie rather than a full suit.Shirt: Dress shirts should be solid, preferably white, cream, orpale blue. Be sure the shirt and suit are pressed/ironed.Tie: A variety of ties may be worn, keeping in mind that mutedcolors in solid, stripes, or small patterns are preferred.Shoes and Socks: Make sure your shoes are polished. Leather,lace-up, or slip-on business shoes, preferably in black orcordovan, are preferred. Socks should be a dark color (neverwhite) and of mid-calf height so that no skin is visible whenyou sit down.Cologne: Minimize or avoid the use of cologne; many interviewstake place in small spaces, and if your interviewer is allergic, itcould be an unpleasantly short interview!Hair and Facial Hair: Neatly groomed hair is appropriate. If youhappen to have long hair, consider putting it in a ponytail tokeep it out of your face. Beards and mustaches should be wellgroomed.Jewelry: Wear a conservative watch. If you choose to wear otherjewelry, be conservative. Be aware that wearing earrings mightnot always be viewed positively.Carry a portfolio with a notepad, copies of your resume, a pen, andany other pertinent information.Interview Attire For WomenSuit: In most interview settings, it is recommended that womenwear suits in plain, neutral, or dark colors (black, navy, brown,gray). In organizations that are less formal (possibly nonprofit,education), one might consider a sweater set and skirt, or a dress,rather than a full suit. Skirts should be knee-length. Tailoredpantsuits are appropriate.Shirt: Wear a tailored blouse underneath the suit jacket. Whiteor ivory or a light tone that matches your suit is appropriate.Short-sleeved blouses are preferred over sleeveless blouses.Shoes and Hosiery: Basic pumps, polished, with medium orlow heels are appropriate; they should be dark and match theinterview suit (or be a shade darker). Hosiery should be sheerand a neutral color.Jewelry: Simple jewelry is best, with no dangling bracelets orlarge, clunky jewelry to interrupt your conversation.Cologne, Cosmetics: Be conservative with perfume and makeup;when in a small space, even a little perfume may be too much(particularly if someone is allergic), so consider not wearing any.Nail polish should be a light shade or clear.Hair: Styling should be simple and should not distract you fromyour focus on the interview.Carry a portfolio with a notepad, copies of your resume, a pen, andany other pertinent information. If you are also carrying a purse,keep it small.Specifics For Men’s Business CasualTies: Ties are generally not necessary for business casual, but ifyou are in doubt, you can wear a tie.Shirts: Long-sleeved shirts are considered dressier than shortsleevedand are appropriate even in summer. Choosing whiteor light blue solid, or conservative stripes is your safest bet.Polo shirts (tucked in, of course) are acceptable in more casualsituations.Socks: Do wear dark socks, mid-calf length so no skin is visiblewhen you sit down.Shoes: Shoes that are in good condition should be worn. Nosandals, athletic shoes or hiking boots.Specifics For Women’s Business CasualPants/Skirts: Women can wear casual pants or skirts. For themost businesslike appearance, pants should be tailored. A kneelengthskirt is preferable although a long skirt may be considered.Shirt/Sweaters/Jackets: In addition to tailored shirts or blouses,tailored knit sweaters and sweater sets are appropriate businesscasual choices for women. A tailored jacket may also be worn.Shoes and Hosiery: Closed-toe shoes, sandals which areneither extremely dressy nor extremely casual are appropriate.Regardless of what is in style, avoid extreme. Make certainyou can walk comfortably in your shoes. Hosiery should beconsidered with skirts.For illustration samples go to: http://www.businesscasualdress.com/illustrations.htm33

Business Etiquette34Etiquette is defined as “the forms, manners, and ceremoniesestablished by convention as acceptable or required in socialrelations, in a profession, or in official life.”GreetingWhen meeting someone, rise if you are seated, smile, extendyour hand and repeat the other person’s name in your greeting.A good handshake is important—it should be firm and held forthree-four seconds.IntroductionsIntroducing people is one of the most important acts in businesslife, yet few people know how to do it. Introduce a youngerperson to an older person; introduce a non-official person to anofficial person; and in business introduce the junior to the senior.Be sure to explain who people are and use their full names. Alsodo not assume that everyone wants to be called by his or herfirst name—wait until you are told to use a first name.NametagsIn many situations you will be wearing a nametag to identifyyourself and your affiliation. Nametags serve an importantpurpose and should be worn on the right hand side of yourfront shoulder area. Do not clip nametags to the bottom edgeof your jacket. Wearing the nametag on the right hand side ofyour shoulder immediately enables a person to see your name,particularly as you are shaking hands.Reception/Social HourMost receptions or social hours are for the purpose of minglingand making contacts whether for job leads, as part of aninterview or an employee entertaining clients. When you enterthe reception observe the layout of the room: is everyonestanding; some cocktail rounds or tables for seating. Seeing theroom layout gives you a clue on how to proceed at the reception.If no tables are available, you should only have a drink or yourfood in your hand—never both. You should be prepared to greetand shake hands with individuals. If having a drink hold it inyour left hand to keep your right hand dry and ready to shakehands. If eating hold your plate on the right hand and eat withthe left hand. When someone approaches, you are able toswitch the plate to your left hand and your right hand is cleanand ready to shake.Networking and/or mingling are important aspects of attendinga business function, even if the event is described as a socialtime. Be sure to greet or introduce yourself to the host/hostess.Spend a few minutes conversing with them on topics that relateto the event or to their business. To move on you can politely say,“I know you need to talk with your other guests.” Connect withas many of the attendees as is possible. You will find most peopleenjoy talking about themselves and this is a good way to begina conversation. Do not be looking around the room for your nextcontact as you carry on a conversation with someone. Focuseye contact on that individual and after a time politely excuseyourself to move on to someone else.Dining And Business EtiquetteDining EtiquetteNapkin. When dining with others place your napkin on your lapafter everyone at your table has been seated. Do not open yournapkin in mid-air. As you remove your napkin from the tablebegin to open below the table level and place on your lap. Ifyou must leave a meal, do so between courses, and place yournapkin on your chair or to the left of your plate. When a meal iscompleted, place your napkin to the right of your plate – neveron the plate.Served. Wait for everyone at your table to be served beforebeginning to eat. However, if an individual who has not beenserved encourages you to begin eating, you may do so.Soup. When eating soup, think of making a circle: spoon awayfrom you, bring around to your mouth and back to the bowl.Soup is taken from the side of the soup spoon –it is not insertedinto your mouth. Do not slurp or make noises when eating soup.Sorbet. This item is often served between courses to cleanse thepalate.Utensils. Be careful how you hold your utensils. Many peopletend to make a fist around the handle of the utensil – this is theway a young child would grasp a utensil (not an adult). Thereare two acceptable ways to use the knife and fork: continentalfashion and American standard. Continental fashion—the dinercuts the food usually one bite at a time and uses the fork in theleft hand, tines pointing down, to spear the food and bring it tothe mouth. American standard—a few bites are cut, the knife islaid across the top of the plate, sharp edge toward you, and thefork is switched to the right hand.Dessert Utensils. Dessert utensils may be found placed acrossthe top of the place setting. Place these utensils down for useafter the main course is removed (fork to the left and spoon tothe right).Passing. Pass “community food” such as the breadbasket, saltand pepper, and salad dressing to the right. Always pass the saltand pepper together. When passing items such as a creamer,syrup pitcher or gravy boat, pass it with the handle pointingtoward the recipient.Seasoning. Always taste your food first before using anyseasonings. Do not assume it needs to be seasoned.Sweeteners. Do not be excessive with sugar or sweetenerpackets. The rule of thumb is no more than two packets permeal. Do not crumble the packets but partially tear off a corner,empty the contents and place to the side.Bread. Bread/rolls should never be eaten whole. Break intosmaller, more manageable pieces, buttering only a few bites ata time.

Glasses. A variety of types and sizes of glasses can be usedthroughout the meal. Remember your items to drink will belocated in the area above your knife and spoon. Coffee cups maybe located to the right of the knife and spoon.Alcohol. Alcohol, if consumed, should be in moderation. In mostcases you may have a drink during the social hour and wine(s)with the dinner. You do not have to finish your drink. In factslowly sipping is recommended. If you do not want an alcoholicdrink politely decline.Buffets. Buffets provide an opportunity to select items you enjoy.Do not overload your plate. Select a balanced variety of fooditems.Pre-Set Meals. With a pre-set meal the host/hostess has alreadymade the selections and the individuals are served. If allergic,religious or vegetarian issues arise, quietly deal with these asthe server is at your side. For vegetarian ask if you may have avegetable plate; with allergies or religion provide the server withsome options (ex. Allergic to shellfish—ask if they have cod orflounder and be ready with your preference). This lets the serverknow what you can eat. Always eat a little of all items served toyou.Ordering from Menu. As the guest select an item that is in themid-price range, easy to eat and you will enjoy. Consider askingyour host/hostess for a recommendation before making yourdecision. As the host it is helpful to take the lead in orderingappetizers and wine, if these are to be served.Finished. When finished with a course, leave your plates in thesame position that they were presented to you. In other words,do not push your plates away or stack them.Guest. If you are someone’s guest at a meal, ask the person whathe/she recommends. By doing this, you will learn price rangeguidelines and have an idea of what to order. Usually order anitem in the mid price range. Also keep in mind, the person whotypically initiates the meal will pay. Remember to thank them forthe meal.Restaurant Staff. Wait staff, servers, Maitre d’, etc. are yourallies. They can assist you with whatever problem may arise.Quietly get their attention and speak to them about the issue.• It is inappropriate to ask for a doggy bag when you are a guest.Save the doggy bag for informal dining situations.• It is best to order foods that can be eaten with a knife or fork.Finger foods can be messy and are best left for informal dining.• Do not order alcoholic beverages. Drinking too much whendining out is one of the most disliked behaviors.• Sit up straight. It makes a good impression.• When you are not eating, keep your hands on your lap orresting on the table (with wrists on the edge of the table).Elbows on the table are acceptable only between courses, notwhile you are eating.• Never chew with your mouth open or make loud noises whenyou eat. Although it is possible to talk with a small piece offood in your mouth, do not talk with your mouth full.• Do not slurp soup from a spoon. Spoon the soup away fromyou when you take it out of the bowl and sip it from the sideof the spoon. If your soup is too hot to eat, let it sit until itcools; do not blow on it.!Career Fair SuccessFor students who have never been to a career fair, many questions arise about whatwill happen, how they should prepare, what is appropriate or inappropriate behavior,and so forth.Before the Fair:A complete list of attendees is usually available a few weeksbefore any career fair; check the web site of the organizationsponsoring the event. Look over the list of employers attendingthe fair ahead of time, and research those employers thatinterest you the most. Researching organization’s web pages,attending information sessions held on campus in the weeksprior to a fair, speaking with alumni who are currently employedby the organization, and reading articles in magazines,newspapers, and online can be most helpful in making a lastingimpression. Develop a personal plan for the time you intendto spend at the fair. Determining which employers are highpriorities and organizing research notes accordingly is important.Also, you should think about how you want to present yourself,perhaps to the point of developing a quick introduction thattouches on your background and interests. Get your resumeready! Have a career counselor from Career Services reviewyour resume. Bring generic resumes as well as those targeted tospecific positions you know you will speak to employers about.Make sure you have several copies printed on resume paper.Preparation, confidence, and solid communication skills arecrucial to success.During the Fair:Greet each employer with a firm handshake, use good eyecontact, ask for a business card or other contact information,and inquire as to how you should follow up. Remember to askas well as answer questions from the employers. Handing outresumes without taking the time to network will not be aseffective of a job search method as speaking with the employersabout opportunities at their companies.You’re a Prospector – Start Digging (Questions for Employers)Depending on your specific situation, you are wise to formulatequestions that relate to your needs for career information as wellas recruiting details. Not only does asking questions help you to35

gather more information about the employer, it also shows theemployer that you are interested in the company. The followingare examples of questions that you would want to ask:• This is my main career goal (or interest). What types ofopportunities might your organization have for someone withmy background?• What coursework is beneficial to prepare for this field?• What skills do you feel people need to be successful in thisfield?• How important are grades as you evaluate candidates?• What are the starting positions in your organization• What types of training are provided and how are theystructured?• Are summer jobs or internships available and how can they beinvestigated further?• How would you describe the environment you work in?• How would you describe a “typical” day at work?• What are the major rewards of your job?• How does the organization compare with/differ from itscompetitors?• Who do you know that might be willing to speak with me aswell? May I use your name when contacting him/her?Appropriate AttireYou should dress to make a good first impression. Studentsexpecting to make contacts for possible positions frequentlywear attire similar to that which they might wear to aninterview. While such attire is not required, certainly a clean,well-groomed image is desirable. The terms “dressy casual” or“business casual” generally describe most students’ dress choices.After the Fair:A number of options present themselves: connecting furthervia e-mail, telephone or a visit to the organization’s office withthe representative if recommended (Don’t hesitate to ask forbusiness cards!), participating in on-campus recruiting throughthe Office of Career Services, monitoring company web sites forrecruiting needs, or taking other steps that the representativesmay suggest. Discussing your fair experience with a staff personin Career Services may be helpful in deciding just what to do.Remember to immediately write a note thanking the employerand include another resume and supporting materials, ifrequested.Fair Thee WellBy all means, try to attend at least one career fair beforebeginning your formal job interviewing process. For new entrantsinto the professional career marketplace, this is a good wayto make the transition into “self-marketing mode” withoutthe formality and possible intimidation of a one-on-one jobinterview. It’s an opportunity that’s too valuable to miss.$Negotiating SalaryWhen evaluating job offers, you should take care to considerall aspects of the offer and all forms of compensation. Thinkin terms of total compensation, rather than just base salary.Wages may only constitute 60 to 70 percent of your totalcompensation with some employers, although for others it canbe closer to 90 percent. A $45,000 salary with one companymay be equivalent to a $40,000 salary with another if certainbenefits are not offered.What are some of the other factors to consider whenweighing total compensation? One of the primary factorsis employee benefits, such as health care plans and 401K orother investment/retirement plans. Employers may offer otherbenefits or forms of compensation that should be taken intoconsideration before jumping into a discussion about base salary.Some of these might include:• Stock Options• Tuition Reimbursement• Professional Memberships• Sign-on Bonus• Relocation Reimbursement• Free Parking• Additional Vacation DaysYou may be gathering a great deal of this informationthroughout the interviewing process, or it might all come tothe table once you receive a job offer. Be certain that beforeyou engage in negotiating any one factor (i.e., base salary), youhave evaluated the total package. Your current salary can be astrong determiner of what your next salary will be; consequently,consideration of base salary is important. The bottom line,however, is that it should not be the sole determining factorwhen weighing an offer.Where do I get information about salaries?Prior to any job interview, do your homework. For someone whois about to receive a bachelor’s degree, what is the typical salaryaverage and range for the type of position you are considering?How do salaries for the same type of job vary with geographiclocation? When evaluating salary figures, investigate comparablejobs and job titles, with companies that are in the samegeographic region. A market research analyst job in Chicago orSan Francisco might pay $37,000; the same job in Cincinnati,Ohio might pay $33,000 - but based on cost of living, whichis the better salary? Be certain you also consider the completecompensation package (i.e., benefits) and not just base salary.Review salary surveys in the Office of Career Services’ ResourcesLibrary for more information.36

Lookingfor a morethan a jobbut acareer?Methodist UniversityDining Services hasseveral openings now!Benefits for Working for Sodexhoinclude:• Convenient Locationsand Hours• Closed During the Majority ofSchool Breaks• Free Meal When You Work• Fun, Safe Work Atmosphere• Opportunity for Advancement• Save Your Parking Spot – Walkto Your JobContact Sodexho at (910)488-2104.37