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Edexcel Level 3 BTEC Nationals in Health and Social Care

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UNIT 36: COMMUNICABLE DISEASESUnit content1 Underst<strong>and</strong> the worldwide importance of communicable diseasesImportance: eg human costs, economic costsSources of data: <strong>in</strong>ternational, eg World <strong>Health</strong> Organization; national, eggovernment departmentsData: eg mortality rates, morbidity rates, DALYs, disease <strong>in</strong>cidence, diseaseprevalenceDisease distribution patterns: <strong>in</strong>ternational patterns of disease, eg malaria,HIV/AIDS, tuberculosis, <strong>in</strong>fant diarrhoea, measles, poliomyelitis2 Underst<strong>and</strong> three communicable diseases of worldwide importanceDiseases: eg acute/chronic diarrhoea, chlamydia, HIV/AIDS, malaria, measles,men<strong>in</strong>gitis, pertussis, poliomyelitis, respiratory <strong>in</strong>fections, smallpox, tetanus,trachoma, tuberculosisAgents of <strong>in</strong>fection: eg virus, bacteria, protozoan, fungus; reservoirs of <strong>in</strong>fection,spore/cyst formation, virulence, toxicity, dose responseMethod of transmission: eg direct contact, fomites, directly <strong>in</strong>to bloodstream, airborne, food borne, water borne, vector borne, transplacentalHost factors: eg susceptibility, (eg genetic, age, sex), nutritional status, lifestylechoices, acquired resistance, personal hygiene<strong>Social</strong> factors: eg education, resources, (eg wealth/poverty, hous<strong>in</strong>g conditions,nutrition, sanitation, clean water supply, access to health services)Environmental factors: eg climate, seasonality, vectorsSigns <strong>and</strong> symptoms: <strong>in</strong>cubation periods; symptoms, eg elevated bodytemperature, shiver<strong>in</strong>g, diarrhoea, cough<strong>in</strong>g, headache/other pa<strong>in</strong>s, rashTreatment: eg chemotherapy, rehydrationPrevention/control methods:- primary: health education, eg personal hygiene, use of condoms, dietaryadvice; specific protection, eg immunisation, chemotherapy- secondary: screen<strong>in</strong>g, <strong>in</strong>terventions, eg chemotherapy- tertiary: disease limitation, rehabilitation450BN018467 – Specification – <strong>Edexcel</strong> <strong>Level</strong> 3 <strong>BTEC</strong> <strong>Nationals</strong> <strong>in</strong> <strong>Health</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Social</strong> <strong>Care</strong>– Issue 1 – February 2007 © <strong>Edexcel</strong> Limited 2007

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