Edexcel Level 3 BTEC Nationals in Health and Social Care

UNIT 32: MOBILITY AND EXERCISE FOR HEALTH AND SOCIAL CAREUnit content1 Understand the anatomy of the musculo-skeletal systemOssification: intramembranous, endochondrialDevelopment of skeleton: skeletal growth — lengthening of bones, closure ofepiphyses, development of normal spinal curvatures (cervical, thoracic, lumbar);mineral storage, the dynamic state of boneTypes of bone: histology of skeletal tissues — ligaments, tendons, cartilage, bone(compact, cancellous); structure of long bones, flat bones, bone marrowInfluencing factors: genetics, age, diet, effect of weight-bearing exercise,diseaseNames of bones: relationship between structure, shape and function; mainidentifying features of — mandible and maxillae, bones of cranium, spine, girdles,limbs, chest; function of ligamentsTypes of joints:- moveable, eg ball and socket, hinge, gliding; synovial capsule, range ofmovement- immoveable, eg sutures of cranium, face, pelvis- slightly moveable — public symphysis2 Understand mechanisms of muscle contractionTypes of muscle: voluntary (skeletal); involuntary (smooth); cardiacHistological aspects: cell shape and alignment; myofibril ultrastructure —sarcomeres, actin, myosin; neuromuscular junction in voluntary muscle tissueBiochemical aspects: actin, myosin; sliding filament theory — actomyosin, calciumions, myoglobin; aerobic and anaerobic muscle contraction, fatigue, oxygen debtand recoveryMechanical aspects: movement brought about by contraction of antagonisticmuscle groups; isotonic and isometric muscle contraction; stamina, suppleness,musculo-skeletal adaptations to regular exerciseBN018467 – Specification – Edexcel Level 3 BTEC Nationals in Health and Social Care– Issue 1 – February 2007 © Edexcel Limited 2007407