Max-Born-Institut Berlin (MBI)

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Fig. 41 Analysis of end-plate potentials recorded with an intracellular electrode (Fatt P. & Katz B., (1951). Journal of Physiology, 115, 320-370). 22 Max Born • Gustav Born colleague of mine growled: “Churchill smoked all his life and lived to ninety-six, and my little brother never smoked and died at three months”. But the connection between lung cancer and cigarette smoking had been firmly established in 1950 by Sir Richard Doll (Doll and Bradford Hill, 1950) [36, 37]. Fifty years later, understanding of carcinogenesis has increased enormously (Peto et al, 2000) [38, 39]; but there is no way of predicting the occurrence of lung cancer in any given individual, other than to say that smoking increases the chances by a measurable amount. Thus in analogy to the deterministic probability waves in physics, in biology causality is in overall command of individual probabilistic events. Nevertheless the situations are of course quite different. Quantum physics deals with inferred particles of which it is in principle impossible to determine position and momentum simultaneously with equal accuracy. In biology we are dealing with identifiable molecular structures; and in principle the proposition remains open that even multiple causes of events might become individually determinable. In practice, the indeterminacy arises from the enormous complexity of interacting causative factors, which makes the contribution of each impossible to predict. My friend and co-worker Professor Peter Richardson [40], a physicist as well as a physiologist, puts this as follows: “Indeterminism in physics has an analogy in biology. This is usually referred to as biological variability which is meant to include genetic variations. With increasing
Fig. 42 Micropipette for the iontophoretic application of ADP to the outside of a venule in the mesentery of an anaesthetized mouse. Fig. 45 Serial photomicrographs, at intervals of 1/16 s, of two white bodies passing along the same venule. The white body on the left moved at 625 µm/s and that on the right at 655 µm/s. Scales, 100 µm. Fig. 43 Growing white body produced by the iontophoretic application of ADP to a venule. The white body appears as a segment of a circle. Below is a diagram showing the measurements made for calculating the volume of the white body by the formula (figs 43-46 from Begent, N.A. and Born, G.V.R., (1970). Nature (Lond.), 227, 926-930). Fig. 44 Increase in volume of a white body with time (o). On the right, the increase in volume is plotted semi-logarithmically against time, showing the line of best fit. Max Born • Gustav Born 23
Page 1: Max Born A Celebration Max Born A C
Page 4 and 5: Wolfgang Sandner, Managing Director
Page 6 and 7: Fig. 3 Max Born with the King and Q
Page 8 and 9: 6 Max Born • Gustav Born
Page 10 and 11: Fig .8 The Borns’ house in Bad Py
Page 12 and 13: Fig. 14 Max Born with his grandsons
Page 14 and 15: Fig. 21 A view of Cambridge College
Page 16 and 17: Fig. 23 Max Born with Gustav Born i
Page 18 and 19: Fig. 27 Albert Einstein: photograph
Page 20 and 21: 18 Fig. 34 Erwin Schrödinger, Max
Page 22 and 23: Fig. 37 The original paper by Doll
Page 26 and 27: Fig 46. Effect of mean blood flow v
Page 28 and 29: Fig. 49 The same quotation in Germa
Page 30 and 31: 28 Max Born • Gustav Born Fig. 52
Page 32 and 33: 30 Max Born • Gustav Born Fig. 54
Page 34 and 35: 32 Max Born • Paul Corkum
Page 36 and 37: 34 Fig. 1 A group of portraits from
Page 38 and 39: 36 Fig. 5 A sketch of a 5 femtoseco
Page 40 and 41: 38 Fig. 7 One-dimensional cut throu
Page 42 and 43: 40 Fig. 9 The probability of re-col
Page 44 and 45: Fig. 11 A sketch of the idea behind
Page 46 and 47: 44 Fig. 14 A reconstructed image of
Page 48 and 49: 46 Max Born • Paul Corkum
Page 50 and 51: i(pq - qp) = (h/2π), statistical o
Page 52 and 53: always remained 50 Max Born • Pau
Page 54 and 55: 52 Max Born • Paul Corkum from Ga
Page 56 and 57: 54 Address by the Rector of the Uni
Page 58 and 59: 56 Gustav Born, The William Harvey

Max-Born-Institut Berlin (MBI)

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