Food and nutrition.pdf

Function of FoodTable. Average Daily Energy Requirements of Adults by Categoryof Occupational Work Expressed as a Multiple of BMRClassification of work Men WomenLight 1.55 1.56Moderate 1.78 1.64Heavy 2.10 1.82Table. Activity factors for calculating gross energy expenditure (multiply byBMR)ActivityAdult males Adult femalesSleeping 1.01.0Lying 1.21.2Sitting quietly 1.21.2Standing quietly 1.51.5Walking slowly 2.82.8Walking at normal pace 3.23.3Walking fast uphill 7.56.6Cooking 1.81.8Office work (moving around) 1.61.7Driving lorry 1.41.4Labouring 5.24.4Cutting sugar cane 6.5Pulling loaded cart 5.9Playing soccer 6.6 6.3Fetching water from well 4.1Pounding grain 4.6Note: These values apply only as approximate mean values for thetime actually spent on thp activity. They do not allow for rests. In heavywork individuals usually take frequent pauses or rests.If the person in this example did instead of eight hours of light work- five hours of herding and three hours of heavy work, hoeing hard groundat 8 kcal/min, then his output of energy would be as shown in Table.If the individual undertaking the activities in the first example getsexactly 2 640 kcal in his food, his weight will be steady, and he will befunctioning normally.However, if he then undertakes the activities in the second exampleand eats no extra food, his weight will gradually drop, because he willhave to burn up his fuel reserve, which forms part of his own body. Hewould fairly soon, however, begin to limit his activities in order to stopthis process.He would therefore probably work much less hard at hoeing, so thatinstead of burning 8 kcal/min he might use only, say, 3.2 kcal/min; he89