Food and nutrition.pdf

Fats and Oils 221oil (a mixture of linseed oil and dammar resin), for example, isused almost exclusively in treating the hulls of wooden boats.• Vegetable oils are increasingly being used in the electricalindustry as insulators as vegetable oils are non-toxic to theenvironment, biodegradable if spilled and have high flash andfire points. However, vegetable oils are less chemically-stable,so they are generally used in systems where they are not exposedto oxygen, and they are more expensive than crude oil distillate.Two examples are FR3 by Cooper Power and Biotemp by ABB.Midel 7131 by M & I materials is a synthetic tetraester, like avegetable oil but with four fatty acid chains compared to thenormal three found in a natural ester, and is manufactured byan alcohol plus acid reaction. Tetraesters generally have highstability to oxidation and have found use as engine lubricants.• Vegetable oil is being used to produce bio-degradable hydraulicfluid and lubricant. Common vegetable oil has also been usedexperimentally as a cooling agent in PCs.One limiting factor in industrial uses of vegetable oils is that all suchoils eventually chemically decompose turning rancid. Oils that are morestable, such as Ben oil or mineral oil, are preferred for some industrialuses. Vegetable-based oils, like castor oil, have been used as medicine andas lubricants for a long time. Castor oil has numerous industrial uses,primarily due to the presence of hydroxyl groups on the fatty acid chains.Castor oil, and other vegetable oils which have been chemically modifiedto contain hydroxyl groups, are becoming increasingly important in theproduction of polyurethane plastic for many applications. These modifiedvegetable oils are known as natural oil polyols.Pet Food AdditiveVegetable oil is used in production of some pet foods. AAFCO definesvegetable oil, in this context, as the product of vegetable origin obtainedby extracting the oil from seeds or fruits which are processed for ediblepurposes. In some poorer grade pet foods, the oil is listed only as"vegetable oil", without specifying the particular oil.FuelVegetable oils are also used to make biodiesel, which can be usedlike conventional diesel. Some vegetable oil blends are used in unmodifiedvehicles but straight vegetable oil, also known as pure plant oil, needsspecially prepared vehicles which have a method of heating the oil toreduce its viscosity. The vegetable oil economy is growing and theavailability of biodiesel around the world is increasing.