Strategies of the Development of Entrepreneurship and SME
Strategies of the Development of Entrepreneurship and SME
Strategies of the Development of Entrepreneurship and SME
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• Regional development, promoting balanced development by channeling resources todisadvantaged regions <strong>and</strong> weak sectors;• Supply chain development, <strong>of</strong>fering specialized components <strong>and</strong> creating spin-<strong>of</strong>fs,through linkages with key manufactures, facilitating <strong>the</strong> downsizing <strong>of</strong> big industrialfirms;• Internationalization, supporting foreign companies willing to enter <strong>the</strong> local market inpartnership with local businesses, or using <strong>the</strong> BI as a basis for exporting to thirdmarkets;• Specialized development addressing specific industrial sectors.Industrial <strong>and</strong> technology parks are relatively new concept in Romania. TheGovernmental Decision 65 as <strong>of</strong> 30 August 2001 sets <strong>the</strong> administrative framework for <strong>the</strong>establishment <strong>and</strong> functioning <strong>of</strong> industrial parks, while <strong>the</strong> Governmental Decision 14 as <strong>of</strong> 24January 2002 rules <strong>the</strong> establishment <strong>of</strong> industrial <strong>and</strong> technology parks. The decision statesthat industrial park infrastructure can be created as independent business <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>y can receivefinancial support ei<strong>the</strong>r from local public administrations or from Governmental authorities.Responsibility for choosing <strong>the</strong> most suitable location, establishing <strong>and</strong> developing <strong>the</strong> industrialpark is with <strong>the</strong> company that is administering <strong>the</strong> park. Tax rate deductions are applicable to<strong>the</strong> amount <strong>of</strong> pr<strong>of</strong>it, in order to promote <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> new infrastructures or to exp<strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong>existing ones.By supporting <strong>the</strong> creation <strong>of</strong> this infrastructure <strong>the</strong> government aims at:ˆ Creating new job opportunities,ˆ Attracting more free direct investment,ˆ Creating knowledge based society.The Ministry <strong>of</strong> Administration <strong>and</strong> Internal Affairs <strong>of</strong>ficially registered 30 industrialparks, <strong>and</strong> <strong>the</strong> full list is enclosed to this publication as an Annex E. Few <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m areoperational, <strong>and</strong> most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m are working well below <strong>the</strong>ir capacity. The functioning parkshoused on average 18 companies within <strong>the</strong>ir premises, out <strong>of</strong> which 98% are <strong>SME</strong>s. Most <strong>of</strong>companies located in industrial parks belong to <strong>the</strong> manufacturing sector, while firms in service<strong>and</strong> trade sector take a smaller share.All industrial parks provide modular <strong>and</strong> functional space, <strong>and</strong> most <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m providesecurity, cleaning, meeting room <strong>and</strong> <strong>of</strong>fice services. Some <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong>m also provide businessadvisory services. It is remarkable that only two parks have technically equipped laboratoriesthat are usually available in technology parks.The geographical distribution <strong>of</strong> industrial parks follows an inverse pattern than thoseobserved for business incubators. Indeed, industrial parks, being mainly driven by privatesector investment, tend to locate in wealthier area <strong>of</strong> <strong>the</strong> country close to big industrial hubwhere foreign direct investments also prosper.The Government is continuously promoting <strong>the</strong> concept <strong>of</strong> Industrial parks. Its decision(GD) No. 406/2003 is concerning <strong>the</strong> approval <strong>of</strong> specific methodological rule about constitute,function, methods <strong>of</strong> evaluation <strong>and</strong> accredit entities from innovation infrastructure <strong>and</strong>technological transfer, also about <strong>the</strong> method <strong>of</strong> sustaining <strong>the</strong>m. The GD No. 128/2004 isconcerning <strong>the</strong> approval <strong>of</strong> National Plan “The <strong>Development</strong> <strong>of</strong> innovation infrastructure <strong>and</strong>technological transfer – INFRATECH”. In 2004. was adopted GD no. 1232/2004 for approval <strong>the</strong>Protocol between NA<strong>SME</strong>C Romania <strong>and</strong> United Nation Program regarding National multiannualprogram for setting up <strong>and</strong> development <strong>of</strong> technological <strong>and</strong> business incubatorsduring 2002 – 2005. The procedure <strong>of</strong> implementing <strong>the</strong> program was approved by <strong>the</strong>President Order <strong>of</strong> NAMSEC (PONAMSEC) no. 215/2004 <strong>and</strong> completed with PONAMSEC nr.197/2005. In 27. July 2005. <strong>the</strong> program was <strong>of</strong>ficial roll on by <strong>the</strong> State Minister forcoordinating <strong>the</strong> activities <strong>of</strong> business environment <strong>and</strong> <strong>SME</strong>s, NAMSEC, UN <strong>Development</strong>51