Strategies of the Development of Entrepreneurship and SME

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The Code of Conduct for Civil Servant operates together with the Civil Servant Law and furtherdevelops the rules of conduct of civil servants. Its objective is to increase public confidence inthe professionalism and ethics of civil servants and to enhance the prestige of public service.An important step towards a favorable business environment is the Conception forimprovement of the administrative service in the context of the one-stop-shop principle and theBasic Model of one-stop-shop service. The Conception has been elaborated in fulfillment of theStrategy for Modernization of Administration. The organizational principle of the one-stop-shopservice is implemented in one way or another and at a different level of development in thegreater part of the central and district administrations. In a number of municipaladministrations a practice is imposed, based on the one-stop-shop principle, to relieve andoptimize the service rendered by the “Centers for Information and Services” set up with thesupport of the American Agency for International Development (USAID). Similar is the principleof operation of the set up “Entrepreneurs` Information Desks”.• Implementation of e-government and e-signature:In Bulgaria the term e-government is perceived mainly as services provided by the state to thecitizens and the business in an electronic way by using the achievements of the moderninformation and communication technologies. The role of the e-government is to answer therequirements of the business and the public for qualitative and easy accessible administrativeservices. Setting up of an electronic government is called for also by the need to curbcorruption practices. The services will be provided in a manner, place and time convenient forthe public and the business. Apart from the traditional communication channels all newenvironments and devices will be used, for example, the one-stop-shop service.In accordance with the Law for the Electronic Document and Electronic Signature(Promulgated in SG, issue 34 dated on 6 April 2001, in force since as of 7 October 2001,subsequent amendments SG issue 80/2006.), the electronic document is an electronicstatement written on a magnetic, optic, or other carrier enabling reproduction. The writtenform shall be considered complied with if an electronic document is compiled. The electronicstatement shall be considered received if the addressee confirms the receipt.• Protection of competition:The Law on Protection of Competition is fully harmonized with the European legislation in thesphere of competition with regard to the prohibited agreements, abuse of monopolistic anddominant positions in the market and concentration of economic activities.• Resolving commercial disputes:The problem with the judicial reform dates back to the beginning of the transition period andirrespective of the enormous efforts in this area considerable progress is not perceived. Thelatest sociological surveys of leading Bulgarian agencies report a very low level of trust of theentrepreneurs in the judicial system. The low level of trust in courts may be overcome bydistributing out-of-court mechanisms for resolving commercial disputes. Despite the apparentadvantages of these mechanisms their application currently is very limited as they areunknown among the business and the citizens. The first steps are taken for recognizingmediation as a procedure for out-of-court dispute settlement. The Law on Mediation(Promulgated, SG, issue 110 as of 17 December 2004) was passed together with threeimplementing regulations. Uniform Register of Mediators was set up.• Public procurementThe good knowledge of and the strict compliance with the Public Procurement Law (PPL) is ofextreme importance as by its procedures considerable cash flows are distributed.• Improvement of the tax and insurance legislation30
The Government is making efforts to improve the tax environment. The reform which started in2003 in the tax and insurance administrations lead to the establishment of the NationalRevenue Agency (NRA), which started its operations on 1st of January 2006. The purpose ofthe Agency is concentration of tax and insurance issues within one body by implementing aunified tax and insurance registration. The aim of the legislator with setting up NRA is tofacilitate the business and the citizens as well as to create a functioning and stable system forcollection of public receivables (taxes and insurance installments) in accordance with therequirements of the EU and the recommendations of the International Monetary Fund. The Lawon NRA (Promulgated in SG, issue 112 as of 29 November 2002; amendments issue 114 as of30 December 2003; amendments and supplements issue 105 as of 29 December 2005 in forcesince 1 January 2006) regulates the statute and the competences of NRA.Table 8. contents list of some measures of business regulations and their enforcementrelated to Bulgarian economy:Table 8.Starting a BusinessDealing with LicensesYearEase ofDoingBusiness RankRankProcedures(number)Time (days)Cost (% ofincome percapita)Min. capital (% ofincome percapita)RankProcedures(number)Time (days)Cost (% ofincome percapita)2007 46 100 9 32 8.4 56.3 103 22 131 499.9Employing WorkersRegistering PropertyRankDifficulty of HiringIndexRigidity of HoursIndexDifficulty of FiringIndexRigidity ofEmployment IndexNonwage laborcost (% of salary)Firing costs(weeks of wages)RankProcedures(number)Time (days)Cost (% ofproperty value)57 17 60 10 29 23 9 62 9 19 2.3Getting Credit Protecting Investors Paying TaxesRankLegal Rights IndexCredit Information IndexPublic registry coverage (%adults)Private bureau coverage (%adults)RankDisclosure IndexDirector Liability IndexShareholder Suits IndexInvestor Protection IndexRankPayments (number)Time (hours)Profit tax (%)Labor tax and contributions(%)Other taxes (%)Total tax rate (% profit)13 6 6 25.4 3 33 10 1 7 6 88 17 616 6.6 27 3.5 3731
Page 4 and 5: 1. SME DECLARATION AND WORKING GROU
Page 6 and 7: While comparing the BSEC and EU doc
Page 8 and 9: cooperation with the United Nations
Page 10 and 11: GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE BSEC WG O
Page 12 and 13: “Armenia's new law introduces a n
Page 14 and 15: (iii)Share of the labor force of SM
Page 16 and 17: The following data represents some
Page 18 and 19: RankDocuments for export(number)Tra
Page 20 and 21: • Industrial zones/Business incub
Page 22 and 23: 3.1.4. FINANCING SMEsProf. Dr. Sela
Page 24 and 25: • the loan is secured with movabl
Page 26 and 27: 3.1.4.3. Mutual and loan guarantee
Page 28 and 29: introduction of e-signatures, only
Page 32 and 33: Trading Across Borders Enforcing Co
Page 34 and 35: as with all non-governmental organi
Page 36 and 37: Bulgarian SMEs obtain additional ca
Page 38 and 39: • Project BG 2004/016-711.11.04 -
Page 40 and 41: usiness is not approaching them oft
Page 42 and 43: • Romanian citizens are recognize
Page 44 and 45: The preparatory project of the NDP
Page 46 and 47: • To support participation in eco
Page 48 and 49: In 2004, the National Institute of
Page 50 and 51: Incubators host on average 11 SME,
Page 52 and 53: Programs. The program is implemente
Page 54 and 55: development instrument is extremely
Page 56 and 57: accounting standards, including med
Page 58 and 59: corporations and open held corporat
Page 60 and 61: promoting SME sector, cooperation w
Page 62 and 63: • for unemployed (micro credit)
Page 64 and 65: are private pension funds, broker h
Page 66 and 67: very early steps of its democratic
Page 68 and 69: Another negative factor that is mor
Page 70 and 71: economy. The so called in the organ
Page 72 and 73: Federal funds, private capital, esp
Page 74 and 75: 4.3. MOLDOVATable 14.Dimensions Neg
Page 76 and 77: Related andsupportingindustriesDome
Page 78 and 79: Technological:Internetaccessibility
Page 80 and 81:
Domesticdemand• Still not many pe
Page 82 and 83:
international investments• Govern
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3. Hamel, G., Prahalad, C.K. (1994)
Page 86 and 87:
5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE SME SECTOR I
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General Characteristic of SME Devel
Page 90 and 91:
Index of SME Development in Armenia
Page 92 and 93:
The same problem exists in getting
Page 94 and 95:
SME support infrastructure in Armen
Page 96 and 97:
5 million was provided by UNDP and
Page 98 and 99:
5.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE SME SECTOR I
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Diagram 1. The number of small ente
Page 102 and 103:
The privatization process of object
Page 104 and 105:
13.Cabinet Provision on “Distribu
Page 106 and 107:
5.3.3. SME support infrastructure i
Page 108 and 109:
The role of the state in technical
Page 110 and 111:
General situation of credit marketT
Page 112 and 113:
After creation and starting impleme
Page 114 and 115:
At the meantime, small enterprise s
Page 116 and 117:
Table. 32.Ease of businessDoingBusi
Page 118 and 119:
people who start small businesses t
Page 120 and 121:
are salaried and the medium - sized
Page 122 and 123:
Technology Foresight in Greece 2001
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Greek VC market started to develop
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In the area of bankruptcy and restr
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enterprises. According to TURKSTAT,
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small size enterprise or micro ente
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industrial enterprises. Undersecret
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individuals, rather than well struc
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7. SUGGESTIONS FOR THE SME DEVELOPM
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Annex 1.MAP OF THE BLACK SEA COUNTR
Page 140 and 141:
17-18 June 2005 1 st Moscow Interna
Page 142 and 143:
ARMENIASTRENGTHS• Application of
Page 144 and 145:
BULGARIASTRENGHT• Flexibility and
Page 146 and 147:
GREECESTRENGHT• They have a vital
Page 148 and 149:
ROMANIASTRENGHTWEAKNESS• Stabilis
Page 150 and 151:
REPUBLIC OF SERBIASTRENGHT• Longe
Page 152 and 153:
UKRAINESTRENGTHS• Well educated l
Page 154 and 155:
In compliance with the Resolution m
Page 156 and 157:
1. Please provide definition of SME
Page 158 and 159:
7. Did you establish a dedicated bo
Page 160:
11. Do you have any suggestions for
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