Strategies of the Development of Entrepreneurship and SME

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(iii)Share of the labor force of SMEs in the total labor force of a country. Index ofSME Development can be expressed in terms of percentage and/or GDP percapita.It is difficult to state that a country with the highest Index has the most entrepreneurialculture or the SME sector is the most developed and advanced one. However, it provides agood tool for comparative analysis and highlight the trend in changing the SME environmentenabling or hindering and depressing the entrepreneurs.INDEX OF SME DEVELOPMENT IN THE BSEC COUNTRIESbased on UNECE methodologyTable 2.CountryShare ofprivatesector inGDP 1[ % ]Share ofSME sectorin GDP 2[ % ]Share oflabourforce ofSMEs intotallabourforce 3[ % ]GDPpercapita 4[US$]Index ofSMEDevelopment[ - ]Index ofSMEDevelopment[US$]Albania 75 64 60 2,898 0.288 835Armenia 75 40.3 35.1 1,888 0.106 200Azerbaijan 60 26 7 53 7 2,336 0.083 193Bulgaria 75 39 8 51.5 9 3,995 0.114 456Georgia 70 12 10 27 10 1,779 0.023 40Greece 60 5 27.4 11 86.5 12 27,610 0.142 3,927Moldova 65 27 22 957 0.039 37Romania 70 55 57 5,633 0.219 1,236Russia 65 45 40 6,856 0.117 802Serbia 55 65.5 56 4,220 0.202 851Turkey 80 6 27.3 11 76.7 13 5,408 0.168 906Ukraine 65 10 15 2,274 0.00975 22Source:ERENET Database, 2007.Remarks:1. EBRD Transition Report 20062. Autors of the current report and UNECE Databank 20043. Autors of the current report and UNECE Databank 20044. IMF World Economic Outlook Database, April 20075. https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/gr.html6. 2004 Regular Report on Turkey's Progress Towards Accession, Commission of The European Communities,Brussels, 6.10.2004 SEC(2004) 12017. Including the agrar sector. Withouth the agrar sector only 18% respectively 24% only.8. Annual Report on SMEs in Bulgaria prepared by the Ministry of Economy and Energy.http://www.mee.government.bg/ind/doc_eco/Annual.Report.on.SMEs.SPECIAL.EN.pdf9. National Statistical Institute, Sofia, http://www.nsi.bg/public_e/MSP04.html10. No official statistical data is available. Information from the Gerogian Association of Women in Business fromTbilisi.11. Small and Medium Enterprises across the Globe , Meghana Ayyagari, Thorsten Beck and Asli Demirgüç-Kunt12. Small and Medium Sized Enterprises Sector (AGCAS), Claire Rigby and John Trantom (Liverpool John MooresUniversity), edited by Jamie Swann13. SME Strategy and Action Plan, Republic of Turkey Prime Ministry State Planning Organization14
3. EXPANDING SOUTH EAST EUROPE TO THE REGION THE AREA OF PEACE,STABILITY, PROSPERITY BY DEVELOPMENT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP. -REVIEW OF THE SME SECTOR IN ALBANIA, BULGARIA, ROMANIA ANDSERBIA 163.1 ALBANIA3.1.1. SME SECTOR DEVELOPMENTAfter the long period of isolation Albanian economic reforms of the first decade oftransition were much focused on the areas of privatization, deregulation and liberalizationefforts in all sectors of the economy. As result, over the last few years, growth averaged atclose to 6% and for 2005, the real GDP growth rate was 5.5%. Economic growth over thisperiod was accompanied by ongoing consolidation of macroeconomic equilibrium, beingevidenced in overall stable monetary indicators, low and stable inflation rates, and in thereduction of budget deficit and public debt.The substance of the important measures undertaken by the Albanian Governmentremains the reforms for the development of the private sector, especially for the SMEs. Since2001 a national strategy paper for the development of the SMEs was drafted by the Ministry ofEconomy and approved by the Government of Albania. Most of the actions are related tomeasures which contribute to relaxing of bureaucratic barriers to the business establishmentand operation, enhancing the transparency of the public administration on its relations with theprivate sector and improving the policy making and institutional set up in support of SMEs.Overall objective of Government SME strategy is to create a positive business developmentclimate to allow for sustainable SME growth. Its specific objectives are: encouraging theexpansion of existing businesses and the creation of new ones (Start-ups), including thetransformation of traders into investors in production, while simultaneously supportingproduction for export and SME joint-ventures. To reach the above objectives a number ofconcrete measures will be taken, such as:• Institutional strengthening and development through SME policy and programdevelopment and delivery of SME support services via intermediary institutions (such asthe Chambers of Commerce, Regional Development Agencies, business associations,consultancy companies, etc.);• Working towards a transparent legal and fiscal framework which is conducive to SMEsdevelopment;• Improving the management of SMEs, via training programs delivered by intermediaries;• Improving access to finance by expanding micro-finance and initiating new tools such ascredit guarantee schemes, seed capital, leasing, etc;• Achieving balanced regional and sectoral development through incentives to stimulateSMEs development in deprived areas and regions.Taking in consideration the number of persons employed in a firm, Albanian Law No.8957, Small and Medium Size Enterprises as of 17 October 2002 uses the following criteria forSME classification:• Micro enterprises: up to 5 employees;• Small enterprises: 6 - 20 employees;• Medium-size enterprises: 21 - 80 employees;• Large enterprises: over 81 employees.16Prepared by Dr. Eriæ DEJAN, Associate Professor School of Economics, University of Belgrade, Belgrade BankingAcademy15
Page 4 and 5: 1. SME DECLARATION AND WORKING GROU
Page 6 and 7: While comparing the BSEC and EU doc
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Page 10 and 11: GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE BSEC WG O
Page 12 and 13: “Armenia's new law introduces a n
Page 16 and 17: The following data represents some
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Page 22 and 23: 3.1.4. FINANCING SMEsProf. Dr. Sela
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Page 46 and 47: • To support participation in eco
Page 48 and 49: In 2004, the National Institute of
Page 50 and 51: Incubators host on average 11 SME,
Page 52 and 53: Programs. The program is implemente
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are private pension funds, broker h
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very early steps of its democratic
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Another negative factor that is mor
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economy. The so called in the organ
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Federal funds, private capital, esp
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4.3. MOLDOVATable 14.Dimensions Neg
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Related andsupportingindustriesDome
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Technological:Internetaccessibility
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Domesticdemand• Still not many pe
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international investments• Govern
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3. Hamel, G., Prahalad, C.K. (1994)
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5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE SME SECTOR I
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General Characteristic of SME Devel
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Index of SME Development in Armenia
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The same problem exists in getting
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SME support infrastructure in Armen
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5 million was provided by UNDP and
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5.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE SME SECTOR I
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Diagram 1. The number of small ente
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The privatization process of object
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13.Cabinet Provision on “Distribu
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5.3.3. SME support infrastructure i
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The role of the state in technical
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General situation of credit marketT
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After creation and starting impleme
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At the meantime, small enterprise s
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Table. 32.Ease of businessDoingBusi
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people who start small businesses t
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are salaried and the medium - sized
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Technology Foresight in Greece 2001
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Greek VC market started to develop
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In the area of bankruptcy and restr
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enterprises. According to TURKSTAT,
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small size enterprise or micro ente
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industrial enterprises. Undersecret
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individuals, rather than well struc
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7. SUGGESTIONS FOR THE SME DEVELOPM
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Annex 1.MAP OF THE BLACK SEA COUNTR
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17-18 June 2005 1 st Moscow Interna
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ARMENIASTRENGTHS• Application of
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BULGARIASTRENGHT• Flexibility and
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GREECESTRENGHT• They have a vital
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ROMANIASTRENGHTWEAKNESS• Stabilis
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REPUBLIC OF SERBIASTRENGHT• Longe
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UKRAINESTRENGTHS• Well educated l
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In compliance with the Resolution m
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1. Please provide definition of SME
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7. Did you establish a dedicated bo
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11. Do you have any suggestions for
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