Strategies of the Development of Entrepreneurship and SME

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small size enterprise or micro enterprise terms. Moreover, in 2001, the Law on TechnologyDevelopment Zones (TDZ) was put into effect with the aim of supporting technology-basedenterprises, developing cooperation between universities and the industry, and facilitating thespread of technology. In order to encourage investments, and increase foreign capital inflow,the Law Amending the Law of Industrial Zones and the Law of Organized Industrial Zones wasput into effect in 2002. Law No: 5084 on Encouragement of Investments and Employment andAmendment of Certain Laws was put in force in 2004 to encourage investment andemployment in the least developed regions via tax and social security incentives, energysupport and free-of-charge land allocation. The foreign direct investment Law No. 4875, whichhas been in force since 2003, emphasizes the key elements of the liberal investmentenvironment in Turkey, and represents “legal guide” to international investors about theirrights and obligations. Since all companies established in Turkey within the framework of theTurkish Commercial Code are considered Turkish companies, all duties and responsibilities arethe same, regardless of the nature of the capital structure of the company. Decree onOrganization and Duties of Turkish Patent Institute in 2003, Certain Laws in 2004, Protection ofthe Integrated Circuit Topography in 2004, Trademark Convention in 2004, The HagueConvention on International Registration of Industrial Design in 2004, Amending CertainDecrees in 2004, Approval of Participation to the WIPO Performance and Phonograms Treaty in2007, WIPO Copyrights Treaty in 2007 aimed to provide adjustment with WIPO and strengthenIPR system in Turkey. Furthermore, some of the recent important policy documents arepresented below in Table 30.Recent Important DocumentsTable 30.DocumentNinthDevelopmentPlan (2007-2013)KOBI Strategyand Action PlanMedium-TermProgram (2006-2008)PublicationYear200620032006Vision 2023 2005Type ofDocumentConsultativedocumentOfficialGovernmentReportConsultativeDocumentStrategyDocumentShort ExplanationCover all main targets of Turkey,including SMEs and establish aframeworkTargets of support mechanisms andthe planned actions of variousinstitutions to strengthen SMEfunctions had been clearly definedThe main objective for enterprises isto enhance their technologicalcapability, ensure their adaptabilityto changing conditions andcompetitiveness both in domesticand global markets.Turkish National TechnologyForesight Program130
No123Doing BusinessProcedureTime tocompleteCost to completeExecute and notarize Articles ofAssociation of the Company,signature declaration of themanagers of the Company and1 day about YTL 400certified copies of each manager'sidentity card or passportDeposit 0.04% of capital to theaccount of Competition Authority atthe Central Bank, paid to any Ziraat1 day 0.04% of capitalBank branch.File the Incorporation Notice Form,Commitment Letter and ChamberRegistration Statement the TradeRegistry Office4 The Notary certifies the legal booksFollow up with the tax office on5Commercial Registry's notificationDeposit the initial capital in a bank6 and obtain the certificate of paid-incapitalSource: Doing business 486.3.2. SME Support infrastructure2 days1 day(simultaneouswith previousprocedure)Table 31.YTL 150 (initial registration fee ofChamber of Commerce) + YTL 195(first manager's signature) + YTL150.70 (for each additionalmanager) + YTL 355 (commercialregistration) + YTL 0.15 per wordfor publication; YTL 0.30 (TradeRegistry Gazette fee); YTLThe Notary Public shall notify thetax office of the certification of thecommercial books. The fees are asfollows: 10.50 YTL for the openingcertification per book; 3.60 YTL forcertification up to 100 pages and3.60 YTL for certification for eachadditional 50 pages. Thecertification of the legal booksshould be completed the day thatthe Company is registered withthe Commercial Registration.1 day no charge1 day no chargeIt is accepted that SMEs are important in creating income and employment owing totheir flexible structure. SMEs process an important place in Turkish economy; as mentionedabove, 99.63% of all companies are SMEs. Having realized this fact, several institutions andorganizations were established to develop SMEs’ infrastructure. Ministry of Industry and Trade(MoIT) facilitates determination of industrial policies, provides and encourages rapid andsustainable development of industry, promotes competitiveness of SMEs, holds records of the48http://www.doingbusiness.org/ExploreTopics/StartingBusiness/Details.aspx?economyid=191#4131
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1. SME DECLARATION AND WORKING GROU
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While comparing the BSEC and EU doc
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cooperation with the United Nations
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GENERAL ASSESSMENT OF THE BSEC WG O
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“Armenia's new law introduces a n
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(iii)Share of the labor force of SM
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The following data represents some
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RankDocuments for export(number)Tra
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• Industrial zones/Business incub
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3.1.4. FINANCING SMEsProf. Dr. Sela
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• the loan is secured with movabl
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3.1.4.3. Mutual and loan guarantee
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introduction of e-signatures, only
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The Code of Conduct for Civil Serva
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Trading Across Borders Enforcing Co
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as with all non-governmental organi
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Bulgarian SMEs obtain additional ca
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• Project BG 2004/016-711.11.04 -
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usiness is not approaching them oft
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• Romanian citizens are recognize
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The preparatory project of the NDP
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• To support participation in eco
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In 2004, the National Institute of
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Incubators host on average 11 SME,
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Programs. The program is implemente
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development instrument is extremely
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accounting standards, including med
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corporations and open held corporat
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promoting SME sector, cooperation w
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• for unemployed (micro credit)
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are private pension funds, broker h
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very early steps of its democratic
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Another negative factor that is mor
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economy. The so called in the organ
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Federal funds, private capital, esp
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4.3. MOLDOVATable 14.Dimensions Neg
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Related andsupportingindustriesDome
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Technological:Internetaccessibility
Page 80 and 81: Domesticdemand• Still not many pe
Page 82 and 83: international investments• Govern
Page 84 and 85: 3. Hamel, G., Prahalad, C.K. (1994)
Page 86 and 87: 5.2 DEVELOPMENT OF THE SME SECTOR I
Page 88 and 89: General Characteristic of SME Devel
Page 90 and 91: Index of SME Development in Armenia
Page 92 and 93: The same problem exists in getting
Page 94 and 95: SME support infrastructure in Armen
Page 96 and 97: 5 million was provided by UNDP and
Page 98 and 99: 5.3 DEVELOPMENT OF THE SME SECTOR I
Page 100 and 101: Diagram 1. The number of small ente
Page 102 and 103: The privatization process of object
Page 104 and 105: 13.Cabinet Provision on “Distribu
Page 106 and 107: 5.3.3. SME support infrastructure i
Page 108 and 109: The role of the state in technical
Page 110 and 111: General situation of credit marketT
Page 112 and 113: After creation and starting impleme
Page 114 and 115: At the meantime, small enterprise s
Page 116 and 117: Table. 32.Ease of businessDoingBusi
Page 118 and 119: people who start small businesses t
Page 120 and 121: are salaried and the medium - sized
Page 122 and 123: Technology Foresight in Greece 2001
Page 124 and 125: Greek VC market started to develop
Page 126 and 127: In the area of bankruptcy and restr
Page 128 and 129: enterprises. According to TURKSTAT,
Page 132 and 133: industrial enterprises. Undersecret
Page 134 and 135: individuals, rather than well struc
Page 136 and 137: 7. SUGGESTIONS FOR THE SME DEVELOPM
Page 138 and 139: Annex 1.MAP OF THE BLACK SEA COUNTR
Page 140 and 141: 17-18 June 2005 1 st Moscow Interna
Page 142 and 143: ARMENIASTRENGTHS• Application of
Page 144 and 145: BULGARIASTRENGHT• Flexibility and
Page 146 and 147: GREECESTRENGHT• They have a vital
Page 148 and 149: ROMANIASTRENGHTWEAKNESS• Stabilis
Page 150 and 151: REPUBLIC OF SERBIASTRENGHT• Longe
Page 152 and 153: UKRAINESTRENGTHS• Well educated l
Page 154 and 155: In compliance with the Resolution m
Page 156 and 157: 1. Please provide definition of SME
Page 158 and 159: 7. Did you establish a dedicated bo
Page 160: 11. Do you have any suggestions for
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