2002 Annual Report - Turkish Airlines

54 • 2002 TURKISH AIRLINES annual reportTURKISH AIRLINES INC.NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS / continued(Unless otherwise is stated TL amounts are in Million TL, foreign currency amounts appear in full)f) Rediscount of Trade Receivables and Payables: Trade receivables whose maturity is longer than 3 months in Turkish Lira or foreign currency arediscounted to state its fair value in the financial statements as of December 31, 2002, except advances, deposits and guarantees, which are not requiredto be rediscounted.g) Provisions:- Termination Indemnity Provision: According to Labor Law, Termination indemnity provision is calculated as of the period end for personnel entitled toreceive such payments in the future and the provision is booked in accordance with Capital Market Board Regulations.- Provision for Private Passenger Miles Commitment: The Company provides a frequent flyer program, which is called Miles and Miles in the form of freetravel award to its members on accumulated mileage. The estimated cost of providing free travel, using the incremental cost method as adjusted forestimated redemption rates, is recognized as a liability and charged to operations as program members accumulate mileage.The Company also sells mileage credits to participating partners in the “Shop and Miles” program. A portion of such revenue is deferred and amortizedas transportation is provided.- Internal Insurance Risk Provision: Internal Risk Provision is provided for the risks deemed to be covered by the Internal Insurance Fund based on theinsurance premium/claim statistics using insurance premiums determined after market research.- Doubtful Receivables: The Company provides provision for portion of its receivables, which are uncollected for more than 3 months based on itsexperience of uncollectibility of similar receivables in previous years.- Lawsuits Against the Company: The Company reserves provisions for the cases, which are covered by guarantees.- Provision for Inventory: The Company reserves provisions against inventories sent to vendors for repair.h) Assets and Liabilities Denominated in Foreign Currencies: Foreign currency transactions are converted to TL at the rates ruling at transaction dates.Assets (except some receivables from Middle East Countries) denominated in foreign currencies are translated into Turkish Lira with the bid rates issuedby the Central Bank of Turkey as of the balance sheet date. Whereas liabilities are translated into Turkish Lira by Central Bank offer rate at the balancesheet date according to the declaration to the Independent Auditors by the Capital Market Board. Foreign currency exchange losses and incomeresulting from these transactions are recorded to related income and expense accounts including sales, cost of sales and operational expenses.›) Leases: The Company records leasing payments related to aircraft, ground equipment, spare engine and simulator financed with financial andoperational leases, as expense during the lease agreement period.i) Manufacturers’ Credit: Manufacturers credits consist of free materials; service and cash amounts received against aircraft purchases from the relatedsupplier company. These manufacturers’ credits are recorded to the asset and liability accounts and are amortized as income during the lease contractperiod in accordance with the conditions of the lease agreement since a return of the amount is not possible in case of a delay.j) Maintenance Expenses: Regular small maintenance costs, incurred every year, and the current year’s overhaul expenses of the aircrafts, which arereturned back due to the financial lease agreements, are recorded as expense as soon as they are realized. Overhaul expenses, incurred in a cycle ofmore than one year, are recorded in other current and long-term assets and recorded as expense on a straight line basis over the period until the nextmaintenance.k) Tax: The Company is subject to corporation tax and withholding tax. Corporation tax rate is applied at the rate of 30% of taxable corporate incomeand a tax surcharge is additionally applied at the rate of 10% on the corporation tax amount. Taxable corporate income is calculated by adding expensesthat are not deductible in determining taxable income such as provisions and deducting income that is not subject to tax such as dividends receivedand investment incentives.In addition to corporation tax, income withholding tax is charged on profits after corporation tax if dividends are distributed. Consequently, if profitsare retained, the Company’s effective tax rate is 33%, and, if profits are distributed there will be additional withholding taxes. Withholding tax rate is5% for public companies and 15% for other companies. Besides, investment incentive deducted from the taxable corporate income is subject to incometax withholding and funds at the rate of 19.8%.