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logical descriptions of all available skeletal elementsof the three best represented anatids:Manuherikia lacustrina (551 specimens), Dunstanettajohnstoneorum (7 specimens), and Miotadornasanctibathansi (115 specimens). Theaffinities of these taxa, and of the similar-agedEuropean taxon Mionetta blanchardi, are evaluatedwith phylogenetic analyses using a datasetof 133 characters (128 osteological, 5 integumental)and 57 terminal taxa. Representatives ofall main anatid groups were included, with densesampling of Australasian taxa including the recentlyextinct New Zealand forms (Cnemiornis,Chenonetta finschi), and relatively primitive taxa(anserines, Dendrocygna, oxyurines, tadornines).Analyses were conducted with no constraints,and with certain taxa constrained to conform toarrangements supported by multiple independentgenetic studies. In the preferred (constrained)analyses: (1) anserines were the most basal anatids;(2) the four Tertiary fossil taxa were morederived than anserines and Dendrocygna; and (3)the European Mionetta blanchardi was basal toan oxyurine clade. The New Zealand fossilsManuherikia and Dunstanetta either associatedwith this oxyurine clade or formed separate lineagesof an approximately oxyurine evolutionarygrade, depending on whether diving characterswere included or excluded. Similarly, Biziura,Thalassornis, and a Stictonetta–Malacorhynchusclade either associated with oxyurines or formedindependent lineages of approximately oxyurinegrade. Above oxyurines, a well-supported cladegroups Miotadorna with Tadorna species exclusiveof T. radjah. These results cast doubt on thedistinctiveness of Dendrocheninae Livezey andMartin, 1988, and instead suggest oxyurine affinitiesfor the Miocene fossils Mionetta, Dendrochen,Manuherikia and Dunstanetta, and themodern Biziura, Thalassornis, Oxyura, Nomonyx,Stictonetta and Malacorhynchus. The associationof Mionetta with oxyurines indicates thatthe divergence between oxyurines and higheranatids occurred around 25 Ma, while the positionof Miotadorna within Tadorna indicates thatthe basal divergence between living Tadornaoccurred by the Early–Middle Miocene; together,these two dates indicate that many basal splitswithin anatids occurred within a short intervalduring the Miocene.2008040470来 自 辽 西 下 白 垩 统 Sapeornithidae 的 新 属 新种 = A New Genus and Species of Sapeornithidaefrom Lower Cretaceous in Western Liaoning,China. ( 英 文 ). Yuan Chongxi. Acta GeologicaSinica, 2008, 82(1): 48-55Sapeornithidae is a basal pygostylian familyof Early Cretaceous primitive birds,in whichonly one genus and species,Sapeornis chaoyangensis,wasreported before.This paper deals witha new genus and species of this family,Didactylornisjiigen.et sp.nov.,which wasunearthed from the Early Cretaceous JiufotangFormation in western Liaoning.According to ourphylogenetic analyses,both Didactylornisgen.nov.and Sapeornis form a sister group,whichis basal to the clade formed by Confuciusornisand all the more de...哺 乳 类2008040471新 墨 西 哥 古 新 世 早 期 哺 乳 纲 Mioclaenidae 科的 Bomburia 属 和 Ellipsodon 属 = Bomburiaand Ellipsodon (Mammalia: Mioclaenidae) fromthe Early Paleocene of New Mexico. ( 英 文 ).Williamson T E; Carr T D. Journal of Paleontology,2007, 81(5): 966-985 9 图 版 .Bomburia and Ellipsodon are poorly knowntaxa from the early Paleocene of western NorthAmerica. New fossil material from New Mexicoexpands morphological information and allowstaxonomic revision of these taxa. Bomburia is avalid genus, whereas Platymastus palantir, previouslyconsidered to be a loxolophine arctocyonid,is probably a junior synonym of B.prisca and as such reveals the upper molar morphologyof this taxon. Ellipsodon is highly derivedrelative to other mioclaenid condylarths. Ithas a reduced mesial dentition, with the probableloss of the P1/p1. P2–3/p2–3 are reduced andshow a simple incisor-like morphology. M1/m1and especially M2/m2 are simple with highlyinflated protocones/ protoconid-metaconids accentuatinga mortar-and-pestle-like chewingfunction. The M3/m3 are more reduced than inany other mioclaenid. Mioclaenidae is monophyleticand endemic to western North America.There is no support for a close relationship betweenMioclaenidae and South American or Africanungulates.2008040472澳 大 利 亚 昆 士 兰 洲 Riversleigh 世 界 遗 产 区 渐新 世 至 中 新 世 袋 鼠 Nambaroo 一 个 新 种 的 意义 = Implications of a new species of the Oligo-Miocene kangaroo (Marsupialia: Macropodoidea)Nambaroo, from the Riversleigh world heritagearea, Queensland, Australia. ( 英 文 ). Kear B P;Cooke B N; Archer M; Flannery T F. Journal ofPaleontology, 2007, 81(6): 1147-1167 10 图 版 .A partial skeleton (including both skull andpostcranium) and referred dental material attributableto a new species of Oligo-Miocene kangaroo,Nambaroo gillespieae, are described fromthe Riversleigh World Heritage Area, northwesternQueensland, Australia. The holotype specimenis one of the oldest articulated fossil kangarooskeletons yet discovered and includes the142