JC Hoyte - Auckland Art Gallery

J. C. HoyteTHE AUCKLAND CITY ART GALLERYJUNE-JULY NINETEEN FIFTY-SEVEN

FOREWORDnils is ANOTHER of tlie exhibitions devoted to earlypainting of \e\v Zealand, to be shown in thegallery. Many of the eaily artists arc little known tothe general New Zealand public anil yet they contrihuted a gieat deal to the interpretation of the\t\\- Zealand Unckcape. As i,in he seen from thecatalogue introduction even in tin space of si.vtvan artist's life and work can be obliterated, sothat we can !>e very giateful to Mi.^ Una Plattsfor her enthusiastic zeal in discovering some of thet I luurs life and in tracking down his worksin private collections. \Vc are also most indebted toall those private owners who have not only generouslylent pictures but ha\c given much informationto Miss Platts.P. A. TOMOHY

CONTENTSBiographical NoteC'hronoloux r 23The Catalogue page 27Plates 1 to 4 page 32Record ol works exhibited in Nr\\ Zealand page 4]Record ol works exhibited in Australia ftiae 45I ist ol Sources r.rjf 4fiIndex to I endcis j'n^c 4"

J. C. HOYTE JOHN BARR CLARKE HOYTEBIOGRAPHICAL NOTEFOR ANY SORT OF PICTURE of the early life ofJ. C. Hoyte we have so far only a few bare facts.He was born in 1835, he received his artistic trainingin England, he spent some years of his earlymanhood in the West Indies, and he returned toEngland about 1860. All this we learn only fromthe obituary notice printed in the Sydney MorningHerald after Hoyte's death.From records held by the Registrar General'sDepartment in Sydney we find that on his returntoJEngland he married Rose Heather ElizabethParsons. Shortly afterwards he came to New Zealand,and there in the next decade were born twodaughters, possibly a third. •For evidence of his activities over the next fewyears we can only turn to his paintings. Evidentlyin the '60s he lived in Auckland and painted thoseserene watercolours of Auckland, from one viewpointand then from another — now showing thechurch spires, now the flags sporting from theBarracks.In 1863 he made a sketch entitled THE GREATSOUTH ROAD NEAR SHEPHERD'S BUSH, SCENE OF THEATTACK ON THE ESCORT. This poses a question. Washe, as were many of the young Auckland men, oneof the local defence forces during the Waikato war?And is it from this that the suggestion comes inWilliam Moore's The Story of Australian Art thatJ. C. Hoyte was a retired army officer? According7

to the Society For Army Historical Research, hisname does not appear in the British Army Listsbetween 1850 and 1880.Some other evidence of his life in the '60s is onlynegative. Although after 1871 he seemed to he aconstant exhibitor not only in his own country butin Australia, his name appears neither amongst thecontributors to the Intercolonial Exhibition inDunedin in 1865, nor amongst those to the Melbourneone in 1866-7. John Gully, whose stature asan artist was so often to be compared with that ofJ. C. Hoyte, exhibited in both.But it is certain that ]. C. Hoyte showed his workin some way to the Auckland public. One indicationis the comment in the New Zealand Herald in1871 on his 'well-known and rapid style.' Whatprobably happened was that his paintings wereshown in a shop window. Possibly tickets weresold and the pictures were balloted for. In December1875 the Auckland Evening Star carried anannouncement that 'a really beautiful scries oftwelve pictures by . . . Albin Martin, representingscenes in the localities around Auckland,' would bedrawn for that evening ' at the store of Mr McLachlanin Queen Street.' In A Century of Art in Otcigothere is an account of a similar lottery in Dunedinin the '60s. New Zealanders even then were probahlvdrawn to a gamble and it was evidently arecognised method for the professional artist to sellhis wares.In 1869 we find definite news of Mr Hoyte. JHeis present at the official o|>cning of the AucklandCollege and Grammar School on May 18, when11.R.I I. the Duke of Edinburgh planted two trees.

(' Why, he handles his spade like an old colonist,'said an old digger in the reporter's hearing.) MrHoyte, although the newly appointed DrawingMaster for the school, does not seem to be in thegrand main body. He is ' amongst others present.'In 1872 when the school was moved from HoweStreet to a building in the Albert Barracks MrHoyte was still on the staff as Drawing Master, butit is to be inferred from a reference in the school'sDiamond Jubilee booklet that the position was thena part-time one. He would have been a visitingmaster, and perhaps one to other schools as well.In 1873 work from two of Mr Hoyte's privatepupils is being shown at the exhibition of theSociety of Artists.J. C. Hoyte was one of a few enthusiasts whoplanned this society. A document in possession ofthe present Society of Arts suggests that Mr Hoyte,Mr C. Palmer (known later to have been a visitingDrawing Master at one of the private schools) andMr J. Symons (a law clerk and amateur painter)met together in November 1869 and made a list ofthose who would be likely to join such a society.The names of suggested members, headed by J. C.Hoyte, C. Palmer and J. Symons, and includingthe well known Albin Martin and Charles Heaphy,are listed in a column on one side of this document,and their signatures, as agreeing to join the proposedsociety, are on the other side. The first threemen named on the list signed on that day, November8, the next group on the ninth of the nextmonth.The society was formed in the following year.The first meeting was on April 9, 1870. Hoyte may

not have been present, for a committee of sevenothers was formed, with Mr Symons as secretary.But Hoyte's name was added at the next meetingwhen, as so often subsequently, he was in the chair.He seems to have been a responsible, useful man,serving on all the sub-committees that prepared theway for the society's first exhibition. There was asub-committee to arrange the time and another toarrange a suitable place; and when Messrs Warnerand Dickson were appointed to hang the pictures,Mr Hoyte was made referee ' in case of differenceof opinion.' The original minute book of the societyrecords all this.Of course, geographical considerations weigh inthe choosing of a useful committee man, and MrHoyte in Parnell (already perhaps in ScarboroTerrace) was handy.This first exhibition was planned to open onMarch 1, 1871. Four or five days before this theEvening Star reporter looked into the City Hall andfound the hanging committee ' busily engaged ontheir arduous task of receiving, placing and cataloguingthe various contributions.' Drawings andpaintings, he said, ' were to be seen in all directionsin " orderly confusion".' About three hundredpictures were to be on view.This was the exhibition of which no cataloguehas been preserved. Although the newspaperscarried appreciative reports of the exhibition itself,they condemned the catalogue. ' It has the appearanceof being printed at Tokangamutu,' said theStar, while the Southern Cross said solemnly that'a less creditable piece of typography had seldomissued from the Auckland press since the days when10

the mangle was the sole representative here of " thelever that moves the world".'Of this the first exhibition of the Society ofArtists, the Daily Southern Cross gave perhaps themost enthusiastic notices: 'We confess ourselves ashardly knowing how sufficiently to praise thedevoted and self-denying energy of the enthusiastswho inaugurated and successfuly completed thisfirst and therefore difficult undertaking.' It was anexhibition in which on one side of the room werethe oil paintings, mostly English, lent by ' gentlemenin or near Auckland, who, like the nobilityin England, were pleased to lend from their owncollections,' while on the other side were the watercolours,and they we.re 'what can be presumed tobe the best works which New Zealand canproduce.'What the writer believed, however, to be thecrux of the matter, and the chief subject of interestto his readers, was the relative merit of the ' Southernand Northern artists,' and he said, 'We mosthumbly confess we think that, with a solitaryexception, the Northerners have the best of thecomparison. The honourable exception to which weallude is made in favour of Mr John Gully.' Theonly two others named are Mr Arden of Taranakiand ' one gentleman who has long practised professionallyamongst us —Mr J. C. Hoyte.' Of Hoyte'sviews of Whangarei the reviewer said: 'They aremasterly, truthful views of a beautiful country andare treated in a most artistic manner. The colouringis full and pure, and is based upon sound principlesof aerial perspective, being thoroughly opposedto that pernicious tendency appropriately termed11

prettiness of colouring. In his sky painting he isunapproached by his southern friends; and if hisdistances were in some instances less distinctlydrawn, he would maintain an equality in thatrespect.' It was plainly Hoytc who, in the writer'sview, had upheld the honour of the North.In a paper of a later date we read that one dayLady Bowen, the Governor's wife, attended at theCity Hall, and Mr Hoyte ' conducted Her Ladyshipover the exhibition giving the necessary explanations.'Just before the exhibition there must havebeen a slight flurry in the society when thereappeared in the Star a paragraph suggesting thatthe hanging committee were not looking after thepaintings in their care. There was in answer anindignant letter from Mr Dickson repudiating thecharges and attributing them to a disgruntled MrArnold, who had so annoyed the committee withhis officious advice that they had had to ask him tostay away from the building. There was also acalmer and more impersonal letter from John ClarkHoyte, written ' in behalf of the Hanging Committee*assuring the public that although damage hadbeen done to two small frames by the late heavyrains and the stoppage of pipes, these had been sentto be renovated and the committee were takinggreat care of the ' works of art entrusted to theircare.'The 1873 exhibition could almost be called MrHoyte's own show. Eighteen watercolours of hiswere on display. He was the secretary; he was onthe hanging committee. The Star reported that hehad been ' untiring in his exertions' and had12

secured an excellent collection of works of art, 'towhich our local talent has contributed largely.' Themost striking feature of the exhibition was said tobe unquestionably Mr Hoyte's ' series of views ofthe Lake Scenery.' These were his paintings maderound Lake Rotorua, Lake Rotomahana and LakeTarawera, and including those of the Pink andWhite Terraces hung in the present exhibition.The writer said that Mr Hoyte was to be warmlycongratulated upon the way he had depicted them.He had chosen unequalled subjects and the ' views'were 'characterised by the clearness of outlinepeculiar to Mr Hoyte's pictures.' The SouthernCross notices were almost fulsome: ' Mr J. C. Hoyteunquestionably carries off the palm. He is an artistof whom Auckland may well be proud, and wepredict in English Galleries and English Exhibitionshe will ere long do credit to himself and tothe colony he so ably depicts.' The next day, thethird day of the exhibition, the writer was able tosay that his judgment of Mr Hoyte's works' receivedearly yesterday morning the best confirmation anartist could desire by no fewer than 10 of themhaving attached to them the magic word " Sold,"the purchasers being, we believe, gentlemen fromMelbourne, connoisseurs in art, who at once gavethe price fixed and who are well pleased with theirbargains."In 1875, when preparations were being made forthe third exhibition of the society, Hoyte was noton the hanging committee unless, unrecorded, hewas referee as before. However, it was he whonominated the two men chosen, and he seemed, atleast in the eyes of the press, to be regarded as the13

leading artist and personality in the society. He wasshowing sixteen watercolours in that exhibition;and we read in a Star report that ' Mr John Hoyte,the honorary secretary, is a host in himself.'At the pre-exhibition dinner the president, MrEastwood, who tended to speak with such a flourishand act with such ebullience that he was often goodcopy for the reporters, showered praises on MrHoyte. In reviewing the past exhibitions he wantedparticularly, he said, to refer to a man who, sincethe 1873 exhibition, had 'won for himself a namethroughout the Australasian Colonies.' In Sydneyand Melbourne 'Mr J. C. Hoyte had carried awaythe palm against all competitors, in token of whichthey had only to look at the medal which nowadorned his manly breast. (Cheers and laughter.)'This medal was described later in the Star as anelaborate silver one ' recently given to him by theMelbourne Society>of Artists in recognitionoof hispeculiar claims as an artist of undoubted merit.'Mr Hoyte, at this dinner, proposed and answeredtoasts, but since he was not quoted verbatim heprobably lacked those gifts of Mr Eastwood's thatattracted the reporters.It was at this dinner that Mr Eastwood spoke ofhis hope of Auckland Incoming ' the Athens ofNew Zealand.' It was at the conversazione thatclosed the exhibition that Mr }. C. Firth, thatprominent Auckland citizen, spoke of New Zealandas the future ' Italy of the South.' Mr Hoyte readthe annual report and made a down-to-earth pleafor a school of design to be established in Auckland.Unhappily for Auckland this was the last exhibitionthat J. C. Hoyte was personally connected14

with. When, in 1877, he sent in three works tothe fourth exhibition of the society in Auckland,his address was High Street, Dunedin, and he probablyhad been living in that town for at leasteighteen months.We can only guess, but it seems more thanpossible that a small boiling-up of personalities inthe Society of Artists might have had something todo with his move, and the personal glimpses of J.C. Hoyte are so rare that it seems worth whilerecording what is known of the affair.Mr Eastwood seems to have been the stormcentre. The pre-exhibition dinner over which hehad presided with such loquacious verve had hadits troubles, and a day or two later there appearedin the Southern Cross a letter from him explaining,with much detail and no tact, why a certain representativeof the New Zealand Herald, Mr Kinsella,had been invited to leave. This gentleman, he said,had been present at the 1873 dinner and had afterwards,in his notice of the exhibition, made a sweepingcondemnation of all of Mr Eastwood's pictures.This letter, to a certain degree, involved Mr Hoyte.The day the letter was printed there appeared inthe Herald the following letter from Mr Hoyte:' Sir, — In today's issue of the Cross appears a letterfrom Mr Eastwood which he read to me beforepublication, but I must have entirely misunderstoodthe line or two relative to myself, it implies that Itold Mr Wilson that Mr Kinsella would not beadmitted to the dinner, this was not the case, Irequested that some other reporter should be sent toinspect the pictures, or I feared some unpleasantnessmight occur, knowing the mutual feeling exist-15

ing between the two parties. Not a word was saidrelating to the dinner, either to Mr Wilson or MrBerry, — Yours etc., Jno. C. Hoyte.'The letter sounded as if hastily written, but stillMr Hoyte managed to make his own position quiteclear and yet not offend his friend. Mr Eastwood,at the conversazione at the closing of the exhibition,is in a happy mood, congratulating the 'dear andbeautiful ladies' on their work, but making specialmention of the pictures of Mr Hoyte.All seemed well. But whereas the admiration thatMr Eastwood obviously had for the painting of hisfriend Mr Hoyte helped the relationship betweenthem, we can imagine how often he had ruffled thefeelings of the rest of his fellow committee men.(There is a note in the minute book inserted someyears after this affair, pointing out that the onlyreason that Mr Eastwood had been president wasthat he had voted himself so, once when he was inthe chair.)At the meeting after the exhibition the troublebroke. After the secretary had read over the accountof receipts and disbursements in connection withthe exhibition, it was proposed, seconded andcarried that Messrs Symons and Palmer audit theaccounts. Mr Eastwood immediately tendered hisresignation as member of the committee (heseemed to be no longer president) and then MrHoyte also tendered his resignation, both as secretaryand as member of the committee. ' Mr Eastwoodthen left the chair,' we read in the minutebook, 'and the meeting was dissolved.' This isprobably a very temperate account of an exceedinglyintemperate act of behaviour.16

At first it looks as if Mr Eastwood's leaving wasan impulsive response to the criticism of his friendMr Hoyte, the secretary and treasurer, but thefurther reports contradict this. At the next meetingit was made very clear that the motion had not beenaimed at Mr Hoyte but at Mr Eastwood himself.It was moved and carried that ' whilst acceptingthe resignation of Mr Eastwood as member of committeeand Mr Hoyte as secretary and member ofcommittee the members regretted that the lattergentleman should see fit to tender his resignationwithout assigning any reason for so doing.' Andwhen the report was finally submitted by those whoaudited the accounts, we can see what the memberswere objecting to. The main thing was a paymentto Mr Eastwood. 'He has made a charge of £1.6for loss of time which we consider unprecedented:if all the members had made similar charges ..."It was decided to forward this extract of the reportto Mr Eastwood himself.Exactly what happened we do not know, butalthough both Mr Eastwood and Mr Hoyte wereasked if they would like to send with some of themembers to the Sydney exhibition, Mr Hoyte senta reply viva voce that if he did send he would sendby himself.This was February, 1876.By November of that year Hoyte was exhibitingat the first exhibition of the Otago Art Society andMr Eastwood had died in Nelson.In Dunedin the news of Mr Hoyte becomesscantier. The catalogue of the 1876 exhibition thereis not available, but we see in the newspaperaccounts that his paintings included one of thec 17

ROLLESTON RANGES IN CANTERBURY and One of theREMAEKABLES FROM NEAR QUEENSTOWN.By now a certain pattern of behaviour seemedover the years to suggest itself. Hoyte had beenattached to a school, enjoying the regular schoolholidays. At each exhibition there had been at leastone series of pictures painted in a district a fairdistance from his home. When-in January, 1874,we learn that he had arrived in Christchurch on asketching tour of Canterbury we feel our conjecturesverified. Each long vacation he probablygathered material for the coming exhibition, andthe catalogue lists of his paintings surely tell uswhere he was the previous January. Using this as aguide, it would seem that after his resignation fromthe Society of Artists in December 1875, he wentdown to Otago on another sketching tour. Thenperhaps, finding a suitable position or at least suitableprospects in Dunedin, he moved his familydown there later in the year.The catalogue for the 1877 Otago Art Society isnot available, but it is stated in A Century of Artthat at this exhibition J. C. Hoyte's prices were only£2 while Gully's paintings fetched £20. This seemshard to understand, for in the 1878 catalogue hisprice range was from £6-£30, and at the 1877exhibition itself the Hon. H. S. Chapman, in hisopening speech, talked of Mr Hoyte as an artistwell known there and said that ' from a cursorypoint of view ' there was one picture by him thathe would ' almost designate as the best water colourdrawing in the room.' He added rather tantalisinglythat Mr Hoyte exhibited a large number of draw-18

ings last year, and 'would have had more now, butthey arrived too late.'The reviewer for the Otago Daily Times did notapparently agree with the Hon. Chapman's judgment.He was inclined ' to give the palm of thewhole gallery to Mr Gully.'It was at this exhibition that Hoyte won an artunion prize and chose a watercolour of John Gully.Both these men were travelling in Otago in thesummer of 1877, and it would be pleasant to thinkthat they were friends and were sketching together.If ever it is possible to get hold of an 1877 catalogueit will be interesting to compare the titles of theirpictures and see if they point to a similar path.In December, 1878, Mr Hoyte is showing fourteenwatercolours with the Otago Art Society. Thetitles, as well as pointing to trips taken the previoussummer, show his habit of making new versions ofpaintings that have perhaps proved popular before.The TE TARATA shown in our present exhibition isdated 1873 and is almost certainly the originalpainting shown in the exhibition of that year. Butthere have been other 'Te Taratas' painted, andshown in Australia and (in 1878) in Dunedin.The Hocken Library in Dunedin owns a TETARATA dated 1882, but this would not necessarilysuggest that Hoyte had visited New Zealand thatyear. He had then been in Australia more than twoyears. We know this first from a statement appearingin the Illustrated New Zealand Herald of May22: 'According to the Qamaru Mail, Mr J. C.Hoyte, the well known painter, is about to shift thescene of his labours to New South Wales.' Then inDecember of the same year, he was sending wateriy

colours of Australian subjects to the Otago ArtSociety exhibition. And his name and that of JohnGully are once more mentioned together in theOtago Daily Times notice. Reference is made tothe 'fewness of Messrs Hoyte's and Gully's works.'In the early years of the Auckland Society ofArtists there had been an interchange of picturesacross the Tasman. J. C. Hoyte, as secretary at thattime, would probably have formed a friendlyacquaintance with some of the Sydney artists.Certainly, by his habit of sending to the agriculturalshows, he was no stranger to them as a painter.When he arrived in Sydney the only recognizedart society for the exhibition and sale of pictureswas the New South Wales Academy under whosewing he used to exhibit at those Easter Shows.According to William Moore's Tlie Story of AustralianArt there had been dissatisfaction for sometime with the management of the Academy, whichwas entirely controlled by laymen.In 1880 some professional artists, headed by thebrothers George and Arthur Collingridge, who likeJ. C. Hoyte had arrived in Sydney towards the endof the 70 s, called their fellow painters together andfounded the Art Society of New South Wales. Atthe first meeting on May 22, J. C. Hoyte waselected president.This society was later to be the ' Royal' society,and was to have as members Phil May (in 1886 onthe committee) and Charles Conder, listed in 1897as a pupil.Of J. C. Hoyte's life in Australia it is difficulthere in New Zealand to find out very much. We20

know that in 1879-80 he must have been engagedin making paintings of New South Wales sceneryto be used for a series of chromo-lithographs publishedby John Sands about 1880. And in 1886more lithographs of paintings by J. C. Hoyteappeared in a book by Francis Myers.There is an early incident in connection withthe society which may throw a little light onHoyte's temperament. When all was ready for the1882 exhibition, the building was burned down andall the paintings were destroyed. But Hoyte wasnot to be outdone. There is in the Mitchell Libraryin Sydney a watercolour by J. C. Hoyte THE BURN-ING OF THE GARDEN PALACE, SEEN FROM THE NORTHSHORE.In this same year he was exhibiting in New Zealandat the Christchurch International Exhibition.He was, together with C. D. Barraud, awarded athird-class certificate of merit for watercolours. Andin 1884 his one-time fellow artist, Alfred Sharpe,was writing to the Auckland Star, happy to see that'some of our best New Zealand artists, notablyGully and Hoyte,' were at one with him regardingthe use of watercolours rather than of 'crude oils.'It seems likely that he was talking of J. C. Hoyte'swork seen recently in New Zealand, although, sofar, record of this has not been found.J. C. Hoyte indeed probably exhibited in thiscountry until late in his life. He lived in New Zealandfor about eighteen years, as opposed to aboutthirty-four years in New South Wales, but he seemsto have been regarded in Australia as a NewZealand painter. In the obituary notice written afterhis death in 1913 it is stated that of late years Mr21

Hoyte had been but little before the Sydney artpublic. ' He was one of the old school,' said thewriter, ' and had found it difficult to adapt his ideas" to the conventions of the newer artistic cult".'But, he added, in New Zealand, right up to thetime of his death, his work had found appreciation:' It is as a portrayer of the scenic beauties of theDominion that he will long be remembered.'UNA I'LATTS22

CHRONOLOGY1835 Year of birth.c.1855 to c.1860 Spent some years of early manhood in\Vcst Indies.c. 1860 Returned to England and married, at Warwick,Rose Heather Elizabeth Parsons.c. 1861 Came to New Zealand and settled in Auckland,c. 1864 Birth of daughter Annie.1868 July Visited Wellington district; painted Lake Horowhenua.1869 Jan. Probably went on sketching tour of Whangareidistrict.May 17 Attended opening of Auckland College and GrammarSchool as newly-appointed Drawing Master.Nov. 8 Agreed to join proposed Society of Artists,c. 1869 Birth of daughter Nina.1870 April 20 Appointed member of committee of Societyof Artists.1871 Jan. Probably went on another sketching tour ofWhangarei.March 1 Showed watercolours at first exhibition of Societyof Artists. Lived in Parnell, probably in Scarboro Terrace.1872 Jan. Probably went on sketching tour of Coromandeland Thames.c. March Showed a watercolour ' Kennedy's Bay' in Fine23

Arts section of Agricultural Society of New South Walesexhibition. (A brother of J. C. Hoyte, W. Hoyte, also ofAuckland, showed a watercolour ' Wangarei Heads' in thesame exhibition.)April 15 Voted Secretary of Society of Artists.1873 Jan. Probably went on sketching tour of Lakes Rotorua,Rotomahana, etc.March 3 Showed ivatercolours at second exhibition ofSociety of Artists.March 30 Proposed Mr Watkins, Mr Mahoney (a pupil)and Mr Partington as members of Society of Artists.June 9 Proposed Mr Clark (_n pupil) as member of Societyof Artists.1874 c. Jan 1 Arrived in Christchurch on sketching tourof Canterbury; showed North Island watercolours for afew days at Warner's Commercial Hotel.April Showed six watercolours in Fine Arts section ofAgricultural Society of New South Wales exhibition.Lived in Ponsonby Road, Auckland.1875 Jan. Probably went on sketching tour of Coromandeland Thames.March Showed eight watercolours in Fine Arts section ofAgricultural Society of New South Wales exhibition in agroup of exhibits from New South Wales Academy of Art;Highly Commended for Nos. 120 and 121, 'Lake Tarawera,Hot Lake District' and ' Entrance to WanganuiRiver, N.Z.'? Showed watercolours with Melbourne Society of Arts;awarded Silver Medal.Oct. Proposed Miss Outhwaite and Mrs Stratford as membersof Society of Artists.Oct. 30 Required, as Honorary Secretary of Society of24

Artists, to write to Sir George Grey and ask whetherSociety ' could avail themselves of his kind promise toexhibit paintings of his own to be selected by Mr Hoyte.'Nov. 16 Showed watercolours of his own and two paintingsby English artists at the third exhibition of Societyof Artists.Dec. 3 1 endered his resignation both as Secretary andMember of Committee of Society of Artists.1876 March 9 Sent message to Society of Artists concerningcoming New South Wales exhibition; living inAuckland.? Went to Dunedin to live.Nov. Showed watercolours at first exhibition of Otago ArtSociety.1877 Jan. Probably visited the southern lakes and fiordson sketching tour in Otago.Nov. 21 Showed watercolours at fourth exhibition ofSociety of Artists. Living in High Street, Dunedin.Dec. Showed watercolours at second exhibition of OtagoArt Society.1878 Jan. Probably went on sketching tour of Westland.Dec. 7 Showed watercolours at third exhibition of OtagoArt Society.1879 c. June Went to New South Wales. Australia, tolive.Dec. Showed watercolours of Australian subjects at fourthexhibition of Otago Art Society. Living in Sydney.1880 May Elected first president of Art Society of NewSouth Wales. Showed works at first exhibition of ArtSociety of New South Wales.c. 1880 Painted Australian scenes from which lithographsD 25

were made for a series, Sands' Chroma-lithographs ofAustralian scenery.'1882 April Showed watercolours at Christchurch InternationalExhibition; awarded (with C. D. Barraud) 3rdclass certificate of merit.c. 1885 Made paintings of New South Wales sceneryfrom which lithographs were made for The Coastalscenery, harbours, mountains, and rivers by Francis Myers(Sydney, 1886).1913 Feb. 21 Died at 141 Avenue Road, Mosman, Sydney,New South Wales.Feb. 22 Buried in Church of England Cemetery, GoreHill, Sydney.26

THE CATALOGUEThe paintings are watercolonrs. Measurements aregiven in inches, height before width. They are sightmeasurements, i.e. the size of a painting as seenwithin the frame or mount.1 VIEW OF MT. VICTORIA AND NORTH HEADLent by Miss M. Westlake12ixl72 WAITANGI FALLSLent by Mr K. Brookfield9|xl5iSigned /.C.H. lower right3 THE GREAT SOUTH ROAD NEAR SHEPHERD'S BUSH,SCENE OF THE ATTACK ON THE ESCORTAuckland City Art Gallery8|x 12fProbably the sketch for No. 44 THE GREAT SOUTH ROAD NEAR SHEPHERD'S BUSHLent by Mrs W. T. BellIl|xl8|Signed /.C.H. lower leftColl: Andrew Bell EsqProbably painted from the sketch No. 35 NGARUAWAHIALent by Mr L. Bisley9|xl5iSigned /.C.H. lower right27

6 A HARBOUR INLETLent by Mrs W. F. McCallum12x17$This is probably an arm of the Whangaroa Harbour7 WAIWERALent by Mrs W. F. McCallum12x188 WAIWERALent by Mrs Shenks12$xl7iSigned /. C. Hoyte lower right9 A WAIKATO LANDSCAPEAuckland City Art GalleryIl|x4010 AUCKLAND FROM MT. HOBSONAuckland City Art Gallery14|x211Signed /. C. Hoyte lower right11 KAWAULent by Mrs Shenks12jxl7£ (oval mount)12 KAWAU (Plate 1)Lent by Miss M. Westlake12Ixl7|Signed /. C. Hoyte lower rightSir George Grey introduced wallaby into his island homeon Kawau28

13 A HARBOUR INLETLent by Miss M. Westlake13x18Signed and dated ]. C. Hoyte 1870 lower right14 HOROWHENUA LAKE, WELLINGTONLent by Mr Ian BellI0|xl5|Painted in July, 1868Coll: A. M. Bell EsqInscribed on reverse of frame, Horowhenua Lake, Wellington/July186815 VIEW OF AUCKLAND HARBOUR1 ROM STOKES POINTAuckland City Art Gallery10Ix47|Inscribed on reverse of frame Auckland in 1863 by Hoytebut seems more probable to be ' View' of Auckland Harbour' exhibited with Society of Arts, Auckland, in 1871,and described in the New Zealand Herald, March 3, 1871,as ' taken ' from above Stokes' Point, and embracing at aglance the entire harbour, city and surrounding islands andcountry.An 1869 Southern Cross states that ' a watercolour viewof Auckland, taken from one of the salient points on theNorth Shore, 3S now to be seen in the window of MrLeech in Shortland — street.' The painter is not named,but when there is mention of ' faithfulness of outline andminuteness of detail, which almost rivals that of the colodiofype' it is hard not to guess that it is referring to thispicture.29

16 HEN AND CHICKENS, WHANGAREILent by Mrs W. T. Bell10fxl8iSigned and dated /. C. Royte 1869 lower leftColl: Andrew Bell Esq17 SAIL ROCK WITH HEN AND CHICKENSLent by Mr A. Graham Bell8|xl5iColl: A. M. Bell Esq18 BAY NEAR ENTRANCE TO WHANGAREIHARBOURLent by Mr E. B. Clemlon12$ x 17| (oval mount)Signed /. C. lloyte lower left19 AN AUCKLAND PANORAMA, 1869Auckland City Art Gallery17£x24JSigned and dated /. C. Hvyte, Deer. 1869 lower left20 LANDSCAPE WITH WATERFALLLent by Mr G. B. Cruickshank16ixl2*Signed and dated /. C. Hoyte 1870 lower left21 LANDSCAPE, COROMANDELLent by Mr Ian Bell13-jx21Signed and dated /. C. Ho vie 1870 lower leftColl: A. M. Bell Esq30

22 VIEW FROM THE BEACH, HUNT'S CLAIMAuckland City Art Gallery12ixl7*Signed /. C. Hoyte lower right23 LANDSCAPE WITH HARBOUR AND MOUNTAINSLent by Mr K. Brookfield124x161Signed /. C. Hoyte lower leftProbably a Cotomandel landscape showing Castle Rock24 WATERFALLLent by Mrs W. F. McCallum18^x 13| (oval mount)25 VIEW OF AUCKLAND HARBOUR FROM PARNELLLent by Mr ]. M. SmithIl|x21Signed /. C. Hoyte lower left26 MANAIALent by Mr }. M. Stevenson13$xl9|Signed and dated /. C. Hoyte 1871 lower leftColl: J. H. Upton Esq; Miss E. M. UptonExhibited with the Society of Artists, Auckland, 187327 WHANGAREI HEADSLent by Mr J. M. Stevenson13ixl8iSigned /. C. Hoyte lower leftColl: J. H. Upton Esq; Miss E. M. UptonProbably one of the views of Whangarei exhibited withthe Society of Artists, Auckland, 187131

28 JUDGE'S BAY, PARNELLLent by Mrs C. W. Maunsell9|xl4Coll: J. C. Lusher EsqProbably exhibited with the Society of Artists, Auckland,187329 VIEW OF AUCKLAND HARBOUR FROM CAMPBELLPOINTLent by Mr A. T. Pycroft13Ix25|30 AUCKLAND HARBOUR FROM MT. EDENAuckland City Art GalleryPresented by H. H. Tinne Esq12|x21iSigned /. C. Hoyte lower right31 OHINEMUTU : A NATIVE SETTLEMENTLent bv Mr ]. F. Ewen121x23Coll: J. A. Ewen EsqProbably exhibited with the Society of Artists, Auckland,1873 (For full title see No. 40, page 43)32 LAKE TARAWERA FROM WAIROA (Plate 2)Auckland City Art GalleryPresented by E. Earle Vaile Esq16£x29Signed and dated /. C. Hoyte 1873 lower leftExhibited with the Society of Artists, Auckland, 187332

Plate 1 KAWAU(No. 12)

Plate 2 LAKE TARAWERA FROM WAIROA (No. 32)

Plate 3 AUCKLAND IN 1873 (No. 36)

Plate 4 DU NEDIN FROM THE TOWN BELT (No. 47)

33 TE TARATA, OR WHITE TERRACELent by Mrs F. W. Wilson14ix25iSigned and dated /. C. Hoyte 1873 lower rightExhibited with the Society of Artists, Auckland, 1873(For full title sec No. 215, page 44)The Southern Cross March 6, 1873: ' . . . treatmentof sky gives complete serenity of stillness.'34 OTUKAPUARANGI, OR PINK TERRACELent by Mrs F. W. Wilson15x24iSigned /. C. Hoyte lower leftExhibited with the Society of Artists, Auckland, 1873(For full title see No. 47, page 43)The Southern Cross March 6, 1873: 'The chef d'oeuvreof the artist . . . the best of the whole collection."35 NGAHAPU, OR INTERMITTENT GEYSERLent by Mrs S. G. Pudney14x19Signed and dated /. C. Hoyte 1873 lower rightExhibited with the Society of Artists, Auckland, 1873(For full title see No. 39, page 43). Exhibited as ' Landscapewith Geyser' in the Auckland City Art Gallery'sexhibition, Frances Hodgkins and her Circle 1954.The Southern Cross March 6, 1873: 'One of his pictures. . . the geyser being centred in a pool of Water of a beautifulpellucid blue . . . the water being imitated withconsummate skill.'36 AUCKLAND IN 1873 (Plate 3)Auckland City Art Gallery19^x321Signed and dated /. C. Hoyte 1873 lower rightB 33

37 NEW PLYMOUTH, TARANAKIAuckland City Art GalleryPresented by E. Earle Vaile EsqIlxl9iSigned and dated /. C. Hoytc 1874 lower right38 MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPELent by Mr R. M. GillinghamIl|xl7Signed /. C. Hoyte lower leftInscribed on reverse of mount ' Mt. Cook, highest mountainin New Zealand' but more probably Mt. Egmontshowing arm of Lake Mangamahoc.39 VIEW OF AUCKLAND HARBOUR FROM MT. EDENLent by Mrs McCosh Clark16fx28Signed and dated /. C. Hoyte 1874 lower rightThis view shows the old Buckland home40 COROMANDEL COASTLent by Mr ]. M. Stevenson15ixl3£Probably Te Kouma and Manaia Harbours41 DIGGER'S HUT, COROMANDELLent by Mrs W. T. Bell17x13Coll: Andrew Bell EsqExhibited with the Society of Artists, Auckland, 187334

42 VIEW FROM ABOVE MESSENGER'S CLAIM,THAMESLent by Mrs W. T. Bell12ixl8Coll: Andrew Bell EsqTitle inscribed on mount43 COROMANDEL COASTLent by Mrs G. W. Maunsell131x201Coll: J. C. Lusher Esq44 LANDSCAPEAuckland City Art GalleryPresented by Miss Amy E. Moss13| x 19^ (oval mount)45 LANDSCAPELent by Mr J. M. Stevenson13ixl8iSigned /. C. H(oyte) lower rightColl: J. H. Upton Esq; Miss E. M. UptonPossibly outlet to Lake Haupiri, Westland46 LANDSCAPE, SHOWING GORGELent by Mr ]. M. Stevenson191xl4|Signed J. C. Hoyte lower rightColl: J. H. Upton Esq; Miss E. M. Upton35

47 DUNEDIN FROM THE TOWN BELT (Plate 4)Auckland City Art GalleryPresented by V. J. Lamer EsqBix27|Signed J. C. Hoyte lower left48 THE REMARKABLES, LAKE WAKATIPULent by Lt-Col. ]. A. Worsnop24x15*49 MITRE PEAKLent by Mr C. MahoneyI5|x9iColl: E. Mahoney EsqThis \vas probably a sketch done on the spot for one ofthe major paintings of the subject50 ONE OF THE SOUTHERN SOUNDSLent by Mr C. Mahoney15|x9*Coll: E. Mahoney Esq51 COROMANDEL COASTAL SCENELent by Mr J. M. Smith141x261Signed ]. C. Hoyte lower leftProbably ' Coromandel Harbour, from Tokatea Ranges,'exhibited with Society of Artists, Auckland, 187552 COROMANDEL HARBOURLent by Mrs W. T. BellColl: Andrew Bell Esq36

53 VIEW OF AUCKLAND HARBOUR FROM THE GARDENOF SIR FREDERICK WHITAKERLent by Mrs W. T. BellSigned /. C. Hoyte lower leftColl: Andrew Bell Esq54 VIEW OF AUCKLAND HARBOUR FROM NEWMARKETLent by Mrs W. T. Bell10jxl6|Coll: Andrew Bell EsqThis was probably painted from what is now Newmarket,looking across Parnell55 LAKE TAUPOLent by Mrs W. T. Bell12* x 17|Signed /. C. Hoyte lower rightColl: Andrew Bell Esq56 VIEW OF AUCKLAND HARBOUR FROM MT. EDENLent by Mrs Ernest Hickson10x36|Coll: W. J. Crowther Esq57 MOUNTAIN LANDSCAPELent by Mrs W. A. Boucher15|x24iSigned /. C. Hoyte lower leftProbably the old West Coast Road from Canterburythrough to Westland37

58 LANDSCAPELent by Mr }. F. Ewen221 x 39Signed and dated /. C. Hoyte 1877 lower leftColl: J. A. Ewen Esq59 LANDSCAPELent by Mr ]. M. Stevenson141x23|Signed /. C. Hoyte lower leftColl: J. H. Upton Esq; Miss E. M. UptonIf identified correctly as near junction of Upper Teremakauand Hurunui, Westland, probably 'On theTercmakau,' exhibited with Otago Society of Arts, 1878(No. 136, page 46)60 A WEST COAST RIVERLent by Mr A. Graham Bell16|xl21Coll: Andrew Bell EsqProbably a Westland river with bridge used by miners61 A BUSH SCENELent bv Mr A. Graham Bell16|x12|Coll: Andrew Bell EsqProbably painted in Westland, since style similar to Cat.No. 6062 ON THE NEPEAN NEAR PENIUTHLent by Mr G. Simian McKenzie16x2438

63 THE DEVIL'S STAIRCASE, BONDI, SYDNEYLent by Mr C. Simian McKenzie16x2464 LANDSCAPELent by Mr H. M. Rogerson15|x25^Signed and dated /. C. Hoyte 1871 lower right65 KAPANGA HARBOUR FROM THE BEACHLent by Miss U. PlattsIlixl6iSigned /. C. Hoyte lower leftTitle inscribed on mount39

RECORD OF WATERCOLOURSEXHIBITED IN NEW ZEALANDSOCIETY Ol- ARTISTS, AUCKLAND1871 No catalogue available, but the New Zealand HeraldMarch 3, 1871, notes some titles:147 View of Auckland Harbour from above Stokes Point.150 Entrance to Wang.irei River169 Lake Thun, Swit/erland185 Moonlight187329 Menaia, Waugarei (£6)30 Kennedy's Bay (£5)35 Extremity of Thames Ranges between Te Whetu andCambridge (£5)37 Lake Tarawera, from the Wairoa (£6)39 Ngahapu, or intermittent geyser. At times the water isnearly quiescent, in a few minutes the water becomesagitated, and in about the centre of the pool, with extraordinaryrapidity the boiling water is thrown to a heightsometimes of about 30 feet. In 2 or 3 minutes this violentmotion subsides, and the water becomes tranquil for about10 minutes, and then commences again (£6)40 Ohinemutu: A Native Settlement, about forty-fivemiles from Tauranga, situated in Lake Rotorua. The wholeplace is covered with solfataras, boiling mud geysers andsteam holes. In the centre of the Lake is an island(Mokoia) held sacred by the Araw'as, as being wheretheir traditional ancestress Hinemoa swam to, from themainland, to her lover Tuteuekai (sic) (£10)41 Rotomahana, with the pink terrace and Te Tarata inthe distance (£10)47 Otukapuarangi, or Pink Terrace, Rotomahana: Thisterrace is of a pinky hue towards the centre, gradually41

losing that colour towards the summit and base; the formeris of a yellowish tint, from an accumulation of sulphur.The water in the crater is always boiling each basinbecoming cooler towards the base. All objects remainingfor a certain time on the terrace are petrified, or encrustedwith a silicious substance (£12)48 View on Te Tarata (£10)55 Lake Tarawera, from Kariri, a small Maori settlementof the Araw'as, this lake is by far the most picturesque ofthe cold lakes; the distant mountains are Te Wahanga,Rua Waihia and Tarawera, the highest, Rua Waihia, is3,700 feet above the level of the sea. It is held tapu onaccount of being the burial place of the Arawa chiefs;canoes are obtained from Kariri for crossing the lake 4oRotomahana (£10)59 Mercury Bay (£5)61 Roto Kakahi, a small lake between Ohinemutu andLake Tarawera, to the left is the road leading to Kaitereria,a garrison of the native contingent in command of CaptainMair (£5)62 Digger's Hut, Coromandel (£3)65 Tiki Tapu, or Blue Lake, between Ohinemutu and theWairoa (£6)68 Judge's Bay, Parnell (£2.10)70 Hamilton Ferry, Waikato (£5)215 Te Tarata, or White Terrace, a misnomer, as scarcelyany part is absolutely white except the top basin, theprevailing tint being light salmon colour. The measurementof this wonder is about 300 feet round the base, and180 feet high. The top basin or crater, which is about50 feet deep, is always boiling, and almost every basinvaries in temperature, becoming gradually cooler towardsthe base. The crater is said to be 100 feet in diameter, andnearly a circle. The prevalence of wind from a certainquarter causes a diminution of water, and occasionally thewater decreases to such an extent, that any courageoustourist might walk down to the bottom of the crater. This42

spring has been known to be so active that the water isforced up like a fountain 20 or 30 feet high, and the wholeof the terraces completely hidden by one huge mass of fallingwater. This phenomenon, however, rarely occurs (£10)18754 Tattooed Basin on the Te Tarata, Rotomahana (£6)26 Castle Hill, West Coast Road (£6)33 Coromandel Harbour, from the Tokatea Ranges (£8)38 Hora Hora, or extremity of Thames Ranges (£8)42 Auckland Harbour, sunrise50 Mount Williams, West Coast (£8.8)71 Akaroa, Banks Peninsula (£8)73 Ranges near Castle Hill, Canterbury (£8)74 Putowa, on Lake Tarawera (£8)81 Zigzags, Otira Gorge (£20)91 Lake Tarawera, Hot Lake District (£14.15)92 Entrance to Wangarei River (£10)101 Devil's Punchbowl on the Bealey (£20)105 Waimakariri (source of) (£10)109 Mount Rolleston, Otira Gorge, Westland (£12.12)120 A Fresh on the Bealey, Canterbury (£12)18771 Dusky Sound, from Captain Cook's Garden2 Mitre Peak, Milford Sound, Sunset (£20)18 Bob's Cove, Lake Wakatipu, Otago (£20)OTAGO ART SOCIETY1876 No catalogue available, but Otago Daily Times,Nov. 3, 1876, notes two titles:Rolleston Ranges in CanterburyThe Remarkables, from near Queenstown43

1877 No catalogue available187828 Mt. Rolleston, West Coast Road (£12)32 Mt. Boutland (£12)56 Te Tarata, Lake Rotomahana (£10)58 Thompson Sound (£12)62 Dusky Sound (£30)64 Headwaters of the Wairaakariri (£15)66 Te Wairau lake, Nelson (£10)67 In the horse Range (£15)73 Mt. Williams (£6)75 Manaia, Whangarei (£8)80 Otira ranges (£8)129 Near Craigieburn (£15)136 On the Teremakau (£15)152 On the Teremakau River, Westland (£15)1879 No catalogue available, but the Otago Daily Times,Dec 13, notes some titles:The Fatal Gap, the scene of the wreck of the DunbarPyramid rock of Bondy, New South Wales44

RECORD OF WATERCOLOURSEXHIBITED IN AUSTRALIAAGRICULTURAL SOCIETY OF NEW SOUTHWALES, FINE ARTS SECTION1872141 Kennedy's Bay187450 Otira Gorge, Westland, New Zealand51 Otukapuarangi, or the Pink Terrace, Rotomahana,New Zealand53 Te Tarata, or the White Terrace, Rotomahana, NewZealand54 Castle Hill, Craigieburn, Canterbury, New Zealand79 Ngawhana, Rotomahana, New Zealand83 The Great Ngahapu, Rotomahana, New Zealand1875116 Tatiora Basin, Te Tarata, Rotomahana117 Devil's Punchbowl on the Bealey, Canterbury118 Mount Rolleston, Westland, N.Z.119 Mount Egmont, Taranaki, N.Z.120 Lake Tarawera, Hot Lake District, N.Z.121 Entrance to Wanganui River, N.Z.123 Otira Gorge, Westland, N.Z.124 Bank's Peninsula, Canterbury, N.Z.(Misty — Sunrise)Exhibition now called Metropolitan Intercolonial ExhibitionVICTORIAN ACADEMY OF ARTSNo catalogue available, but unidentified paper notes onetitle:Headwaters of the Waimakariri, Canterbury45

SOURCESAgricultural Society of New South Wales, ExhibitionCataloguesDaily Southern Cross (Auckland)Evening Star (Auckland)Frances Hodgkins and her Circle: Catalogue (AucklandCity Art Gallery, 1954)George Galvvay Fifty1930)Illustrated New Zealand HeraldYears of Australian Art (Sydney,E. H. McCormick Letters and Art in New Zealand.(Wellington, 1940)H. V. Miller A Century of Art in Otago (Wellington,1948)William Moore The Story of Australian Art (Sydney,1934)National Centennial Exhibition of New Zealand Art:Catalogue (Wellington, 1940)New Zealand Herald (Auckland)Otago Art Society, Exhibition Catalogue 1878Otago Daily Times (Dunedin)Records, Registrar-General's Department, SydneySchool List of Auckland College and Grammar School 1stEdition 1869-1897Society of Artists (Auckland), Exhibition CataloguesSydney Morning HeraldWise's New Zealand Directory46

INDEX TO LENDERSA.C.A.G. 3, 9, 10, 15, 19, 22, 30, 32, 36, 37, 44, 47Mr L. Bisley 5Mrs W. A. Boucher 57Mr K. Brookfield 2, 23Mr A. Graham Bell 17, 60, 61Mr Ian Bell 14, 21Mrs W. T. Bell 4, 16, 41, 42, 52, 53, 54, 55Mrs McCosh Clark 39Mrs Clendon 18Mr G. B. Cruickshank 20Mr J. F. Ewen 31, 58Mrs GillinghamMrs Ernest Hickson 56Mrs W. F. McCallum 6, 7, 24Mr G. Simion McKenzie 62, 63Mr C. Mahoney 49, 50Mrs G. W. Maunsell 28, 43Miss U. Platts 65Mrs S. G. Pudney 35Mr A. T. Pycroft 29Mr H. M. Rogerson 64MrsShenks 8,11Mr J. M. Smith 25, 51Mr J. M. Stevenson 26, 27, 40, 45, 46, 59Miss M. Westlake 1, 12, 13Mrs F. W. Wilson 33, 34Lt-Col. J. A. Worsnop 4847