Fish Standing Stock at the Artificial Reefs ofPulau ... - seafdec.org.my
Fish Standing Stock at the Artificial Reefs ofPulau ... - seafdec.org.my
Fish Standing Stock at the Artificial Reefs ofPulau ... - seafdec.org.my
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eefs supply <strong>the</strong> environment with food source from <strong>the</strong> decaying wooden structure andobserv<strong>at</strong>ions show th<strong>at</strong> this type of artificial reefs were abundant with encrust<strong>at</strong>ion such astunic<strong>at</strong>es, oysters and o<strong>the</strong>r <strong>org</strong>anisms.Eventhough <strong>the</strong> bo<strong>at</strong> reef site was loc<strong>at</strong>ed quite a distancefrom <strong>the</strong> n<strong>at</strong>ural reefs, <strong>the</strong> number of fish species was quite high. The concrete reefs should bedesigned with more refuge niches and constructed with a number oflarge and small roaming andhiding areas.<strong>Fish</strong> and crustaceans were observed to prefer overhangs under huge boulder coralsfor <strong>the</strong>ir refuge area. This show th<strong>at</strong> one of <strong>the</strong> best designs for fish and crustacean is a layeredform<strong>at</strong>ion with low lighting and high roaming area.1) The artificial reefs programme can be considered successful in increasing <strong>the</strong> concentr<strong>at</strong>ion offish around <strong>the</strong> artificial reefs2) Groupers are <strong>the</strong> best target fish species for artificial reefs programme and can be used as <strong>the</strong>species for sea ranching <strong>at</strong> artificial reefs.3) Groupers breeding cycles should be studied so th<strong>at</strong> <strong>the</strong> basic life cycles of <strong>the</strong> species can beunderstand.The author would like to express his thanks to Ministry of Science for <strong>the</strong> research funding (IRPA), TheGeneral Director of <strong>Fish</strong>eries, The Director of Research, YusriYusuf(USM), <strong>the</strong> Pulau Payar MarinePark Rangers and o<strong>the</strong>rs who help. Also thanks to Ms. Shahuntala Devi forreviewing <strong>the</strong> paper.Abdul-Razak, L. and Ismail, 1. 1992. An analysis of <strong>the</strong> efficacy of three artificial reef designs <strong>at</strong>Pulau Lembu, Kedah. Proceedings of <strong>Fish</strong>eries Seminar, Department of <strong>Fish</strong>eries Malaysia.Allen, G. 1997. Marine <strong>Fish</strong>es of South-East Asia.. . -Perth, Western Australia.Western Australian Museum, Francis Street,Bohnsack, l.A., D.E. Harper, D. B., McClellan and M. Hulsbeck. 1994. Effects of Reef size oncolonis<strong>at</strong>ion and assemblage structure of fishes <strong>at</strong> artificial reefs off sou<strong>the</strong>astern Florida,U.S.A. Bulletin of Marine Science Vol. 55, No 2 & 3: 796-823.Bullock, L.H., and G.B., Smith. 1991. Seabasses (Pisces: Serranidae). Florida Mar. Res. Inst.(partII) vol. VIII, 243 p.Grove, R.S. and C.J., Sonu. 1991. <strong>Artificial</strong> Habit<strong>at</strong> Technology in The World- Today andTomorrow. In. Nakamura, M., R.S. Grove and C.J. Sonu (eds). RecentAdvances in Aqu<strong>at</strong>icHabit<strong>at</strong> Technology, page 3-9, Sou<strong>the</strong>rn Calif. Edison 16. Environmental Research, ReportSeries 91-RD-19.L<strong>at</strong>un, A.R. and EH. Wong. 1988.Kedah- A preliminary report.<strong>Fish</strong>eries Malaysia: 208-215.Ecological monitoring of <strong>the</strong> concrete reef <strong>at</strong> Pulau Payar,Proceedings of <strong>the</strong> First <strong>Fish</strong>eries Seminar, Department of