A Preliminary Bibliography on Injection Drug Use and Users (IDU) in ...
A Preliminary Bibliography on Injection Drug Use and Users (IDU) in ...
A Preliminary Bibliography on Injection Drug Use and Users (IDU) in ...
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C<strong>on</strong>trol <strong>and</strong> HIV/AIDS Epidemiology,Laboratory Centre for Disease C<strong>on</strong>trol, Health Canada.Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To <strong>in</strong>vestigate the dissem<strong>in</strong>ati<strong>on</strong> of humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV) <strong>and</strong> hepatitis C <strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong> <strong>in</strong> associati<strong>on</strong> withsexually transmitted diseases (STDs), sexual practices, <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>jecti<strong>on</strong> drug use. Alleligible men <strong>and</strong> women attend<strong>in</strong>g two STD cl<strong>in</strong>ics <strong>in</strong> Alberta, Canada, fromMay 1994 to May 1995 were studied. STUDY DESIGN: An<strong>on</strong>ymous, unl<strong>in</strong>kedserosurveys were performed us<strong>in</strong>g leftover sera drawn for rout<strong>in</strong>e syphilis,hepatitis B, or HIV test<strong>in</strong>g. Self-adm<strong>in</strong>istered questi<strong>on</strong>naires collected a widerange of data: demographic, sexual behaviors, c<strong>on</strong>dom use, STD history, theexchange of drugs or m<strong>on</strong>ey for sex, <strong>and</strong> drug <strong>and</strong> alcohol use. RESULTS: HIVseroprevalence <strong>in</strong> the overall sample group (n = 6,668) was 1.5%. Univariateanalysis showed significant relati<strong>on</strong>ships for age between30 years <strong>and</strong> 49 years, men hav<strong>in</strong>g sex with men, <strong>in</strong>jecti<strong>on</strong> drug use regardless ofsexual orientati<strong>on</strong>, history of STD, anal sex, <strong>and</strong> exchang<strong>in</strong>g m<strong>on</strong>ey or drugs forsex. At the multivariate level, <strong>on</strong>ly men hav<strong>in</strong>g sex with men, <strong>in</strong>jecti<strong>on</strong> drug use,<strong>and</strong> age more than 30 years rema<strong>in</strong>ed predictive of HIV <strong>in</strong>fecti<strong>on</strong>. The prevalenceof hepatitis C was 3.4% with significant associati<strong>on</strong>s be<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>jecti<strong>on</strong> drug use <strong>and</strong>exchang<strong>in</strong>g m<strong>on</strong>ey or drugs for sex. CONCLUSION: The behavioral associati<strong>on</strong>sbetween sexpractices, <strong>in</strong>jecti<strong>on</strong> drug use, <strong>and</strong> HIV <strong>and</strong> hepatitis C seroprevalence warrant<strong>on</strong>go<strong>in</strong>g <strong>in</strong>vestigati<strong>on</strong>. C<strong>on</strong>t<strong>in</strong>u<strong>in</strong>g preventi<strong>on</strong> programs targeted at safer sexpractices (particularly for men hav<strong>in</strong>g sex with men) <strong>and</strong> the use of clean needlesare needed.Roth<strong>on</strong> DA, et al (1997) Determ<strong>in</strong>ants of HIV-related high risk behaviours am<strong>on</strong>gyoung offenders: a w<strong>in</strong>dow of opportunity. Canadian Journal of Public Health88:14-17 Technical <strong>and</strong> f<strong>in</strong>ancial support for this project was generouslyprovided by the Bureau of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, LCDC, HealthCanada,Dr. D<strong>on</strong> Sutherl<strong>and</strong>, Chief, Divisi<strong>on</strong> of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology. F<strong>in</strong>ancialassistance was also received from the Medical Services Branch, Pacific Regi<strong>on</strong>,Health Canada.Abstract: PURPOSE: To study HIV-associated risk behaviours am<strong>on</strong>g youngoffenders. METHODS: Juveniles aged 12 to 19 years enter<strong>in</strong>g correcti<strong>on</strong>alfacilities <strong>in</strong> British Columbia volunteered <strong>in</strong> an unl<strong>in</strong>ked an<strong>on</strong>ymous study.Logistic regressi<strong>on</strong> was used to identify factors associated with high-risk sexualbehaviours <strong>and</strong> <strong>in</strong>jecti<strong>on</strong> drug use (<strong>IDU</strong>). RESULTS: Despite low HIV prevalence(0.25%), patterns of risk behaviour were evident. <strong>IDU</strong> <strong>and</strong> homosexual/bisexualactivity were equally prevalent am<strong>on</strong>g youth aged 12 to 15 <strong>and</strong> 16 to 19 years.For both age groups, <strong>IDU</strong> <strong>and</strong> female gender were significant predictors of sexfor trade <strong>and</strong> sex with another drug user. Natives aged 12 to 15 years were fivetimes more likely to <strong>in</strong>ject drugs than n<strong>on</strong>-Natives. However, predictors of <strong>IDU</strong>