A Preliminary Bibliography on Injection Drug Use and Users (IDU) in ...

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collection cycles) over 2 years. For each collection, attenders who injected drugsduring the previous 6 months will be asked to answer a questionnaire on riskbehaviors and to provide an oral fluid sample. An encrypted code based on sex,date of birth, first and last initials will be used to follow participants over twoyears. Two data collection cycles have now been completed. Results: For thesecond collection, 339 IDUs (247 men and 91 women) accepted to participate.Nearly 65% have been attending the NEP since at least 2 months. The HIVprevalence was 11.8% (40/339); CI 95%: 8.6%-15.7%. The prevalence wassignificantly lower among IDU whobegan to attend NEP recently than among the others: 4.2% vs 15.9%, p is lessthan 0.01. Through univariate analysis, HIV-positive IDUs were older and theyreported more often previous imprisonment and a history of hepatitis. Inaddition, HIV infection was found to be associated with duration of intravenousdrug use, having shared needles with HIV-positive IDU, having same sexpartners and being involved in prostitution or having sexual partners with theserisk factors. Nine of 108 negative subjects seroconverted for an incidence rate of6.3 per 100 person-years.Conclusions: Most of these results are similar to those obtained in the firstcollection and they are consistent with results previously reported about NEPattenders and non-attenders. The follow-up analyses will help to estimate theincidence rate among this population and to assess the impact of NEP on HIVbehaviours.Quastel N . Illegal Drug Addiction as a Disability. 2001. Vancouver, Pivet Legal Society.Rabkin JGeal . Psychopathology in Male and Female HIV-Positive and NegativeInjecting Drug Users: Longitudinal Course Over 3 Years. AIDS 11[507-515]. 1997.Remis RS (2002) HIV Incidence Among Injection Drug Users in Vancouver. CMAJ166:908-909Rhodes T, et al (1998) Differences in sexual behaviour and condom use among cocaineand opioid injectors in Santos, Toronto and London. International Journal ofDrug Policy 9:449-460 This research was supported by grants from the MedicalResearch Council and North Thames Regional Health Authority (London),National Health Research Development Programme of Health Canada and Cityof Toronto Department of Public Health (Toronto), and World HealthOrganization (Santos) with additional central coordination support provided bythe World Health Organization.Romanowski B, et al. Human immunodeficiency virus seroprevalence and riskbehaviors in patientsattending sexually transmitted disease clinics in Alberta. International Society forSTD Research Conference 11th . Research supported by the Divisions of STD
Control and HIV/AIDS Epidemiology,Laboratory Centre for Disease Control, Health Canada.Abstract: OBJECTIVE: To investigate the dissemination of humanimmunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C infection in association withsexually transmitted diseases (STDs), sexual practices, and injection drug use. Alleligible men and women attending two STD clinics in Alberta, Canada, fromMay 1994 to May 1995 were studied. STUDY DESIGN: Anonymous, unlinkedserosurveys were performed using leftover sera drawn for routine syphilis,hepatitis B, or HIV testing. Self-administered questionnaires collected a widerange of data: demographic, sexual behaviors, condom use, STD history, theexchange of drugs or money for sex, and drug and alcohol use. RESULTS: HIVseroprevalence in the overall sample group (n = 6,668) was 1.5%. Univariateanalysis showed significant relationships for age between30 years and 49 years, men having sex with men, injection drug use regardless ofsexual orientation, history of STD, anal sex, and exchanging money or drugs forsex. At the multivariate level, only men having sex with men, injection drug use,and age more than 30 years remained predictive of HIV infection. The prevalenceof hepatitis C was 3.4% with significant associations being injection drug use andexchanging money or drugs for sex. CONCLUSION: The behavioral associationsbetween sexpractices, injection drug use, and HIV and hepatitis C seroprevalence warrantongoing investigation. Continuing prevention programs targeted at safer sexpractices (particularly for men having sex with men) and the use of clean needlesare needed.Rothon DA, et al (1997) Determinants of HIV-related high risk behaviours amongyoung offenders: a window of opportunity. Canadian Journal of Public Health88:14-17 Technical and financial support for this project was generouslyprovided by the Bureau of Communicable Disease Epidemiology, LCDC, HealthCanada,Dr. Don Sutherland, Chief, Division of HIV/AIDS Epidemiology. Financialassistance was also received from the Medical Services Branch, Pacific Region,Health Canada.Abstract: PURPOSE: To study HIV-associated risk behaviours among youngoffenders. METHODS: Juveniles aged 12 to 19 years entering correctionalfacilities in British Columbia volunteered in an unlinked anonymous study.Logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with high-risk sexualbehaviours and injection drug use (IDU). RESULTS: Despite low HIV prevalence(0.25%), patterns of risk behaviour were evident. IDU and homosexual/bisexualactivity were equally prevalent among youth aged 12 to 15 and 16 to 19 years.For both age groups, IDU and female gender were significant predictors of sexfor trade and sex with another drug user. Natives aged 12 to 15 years were fivetimes more likely to inject drugs than non-Natives. However, predictors of IDU
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