Smart Grids Roadmap - Smart Grid Sherpa

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AcknowledgementsThis publication was prepared by the InternationalEnergy Agency’s Energy Technology PolicyDivision. Bo Diczfalusy, Director of the Directorateof Sustainable Energy Policy and Technology, andPeter Taylor, Head of the Energy Technology PolicyDivision, provided important guidance and input.Tom Kerr, co-ordinator of the Energy TechnologyRoadmaps project, provided invaluable leadershipand inspiration throughout the development ofthe roadmap. David Elzinga was the lead authorfor this roadmap. Steve Heinen also providedsignificant input and support. Many other IEAcolleagues have provided important contributions,in particular Seul-Ki Kim (with the support of theKorean Ministry of Knowledge and Economy),Yuichi Ikeda, Grayson Heffner, Hugo Chandler,Marilyn Smith, Uwe Remme, Lew Fulton, HiroyukiKaneko, Stefanie Held, Mary Harries Magnussonand Catherine Smith.The volunteers of the smart grids roadmapsadvisory committee have provided guidance overthe course of its development: Guido Bartelsof IBM; David Mohler of Duke Energy and themembers of the e8 technology group on smartgrids; Joris Knigge of Enexis; Laurent Schmitt ofAlstom Power; Michele de Nigris of Ricerca sulSistema Energetico and the Electricity NetworksAnalysis and R&D IEA Implementing Agreement;Hans Nilsson of the Demand Side Management IEAImplementing Agreement; Henriette Nesheim ofthe Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energy;Eric Lightner of the US Department of Energy;and Bartosz Wojszczyk of General Electric. DavidBeauvais of Natural Resources Canada contributedto the development of the smart grid technologiessections and George Arnold of the National Instituteof Standards and Technology (NIST) contributedto the section on standards. The roadmap wasedited by Andrew Johnston of Language Aid. MurielCustodio and Bertrand Sadin of the IEA providedlayout and graphical design support.This work was guided by the IEA Committee onEnergy Research and Technology. Its membershosted one of the roadmap workshops andprovided important reviews and comments thathelped to improve the document. A number of IEAImplementing Agreement members, as part of theElectricity Co-ordination Group, provided valuablecomments and suggestions. We want to thankthe Norwegian Ministry of Petroleum and Energyand the Japanese Ministry of Economy, Trade andIndustry for support and guidance to the roadmap.Finally, this roadmap would not be effectivewithout all of the comments and supportreceived from the industry, government and nongovernmentexperts who attended meetings,reviewed and commented on drafts, and providedoverall guidance and support. The authors wish tothank all of those who commented who cannot benamed individually.For more information on this document, contact:David Elzinga, IEA SecretariatTel. +33 1 40 57 66 93Email: david.elzinga@iea.orgSteve Heinen, IEA SecretariatTel. +33 1 40 57 66 82Email: steve.heinen@iea.org4 Technology Roadmaps Smart grids© OECD/IEA, 2010
Key findings• The development of smart grids is essential ifthe global community is to achieve shared goalsfor energy security, economic developmentand climate change mitigation. Smart gridsenable increased demand response andenergy efficiency, integration of variablerenewable energy resources and electric vehiclerecharging services, while reducing peakdemand and stabilising the electricity system.• The physical and institutional complexity ofelectricity systems makes it unlikely that themarket alone will implement smart grids on thescale that is needed. Governments, the privatesector, and consumer and environmentaladvocacy groups must work together to defineelectricity system needs and determine smartgrid solutions.• Rapid expansion of smart grids is hinderedby a tendency on the part of governmentsto shy away from taking ownership ofand responsibility for actively evolving ordeveloping new electricity system regulations,policy and technology. These trends have led toa diffusion of roles and responsibilities amonggovernment and industry actors, and havereduced overall expenditure on technologydevelopment and demonstration, and policydevelopment. The result has been slowprogress on a number of regional smart gridpilot projects that are needed.• The “smartening” of grids is already happening;it is not a one-time event. However, large-scale,system-wide demonstrations are urgentlyneeded to determine solutions that can bedeployed at full scale, integrating the full set ofsmart grid technologies with existing electricityinfrastructure.• Large-scale pilot projects are urgentlyneeded in all world regions to test variousbusiness models and then adapt them to thelocal circumstances. Countries and regionswill use smart grids for different purposes;emerging economies may leapfrog directly tosmart electricity infrastructure, while OECDcountries are already investing in incrementalimprovements to existing grids and small-scalepilot projects.• Current regulatory and market systems canhinder demonstration and deployment of smartgrids. Regulatory and market models – suchas those addressing system investment, pricesand customer participation – must evolveas technologies offer new options over thecourse of long-term, incremental smart griddeployment.• Regulators and consumer advocates needto engage in system demonstration anddeployment to ensure that customers benefitfrom smart grids. Building awareness andseeking consensus on the value of smartgrids must be a priority, with energy utilitiesand regulators having a key role in justifyinginvestments.• Greater international collaboration is neededto share experiences with pilot programmes,to leverage national investments in technologydevelopment, and to develop common smartgrid technology standards that optimiseand accelerate technology developmentand deployment while reducing costs for allstakeholders.• Peak demand will increase between 2010 and2050 in all regions. Smart grids deploymentcould reduce projected peak demand increasesby 13% to 24% over this frame for the fourregions analysed in this roadmap.• Smart grids can provide significant benefitsto developing countries. Capacity building,targeted analysis and roadmaps – createdcollaboratively with developed and developingcountries – are required to determine specificneeds and solutions in technology andregulation.Key findings5© OECD/IEA, 2010
Page 4 and 5: Table of contentsForeword 1Table of
Page 8 and 9: IntroductionThere is a pressing nee
Page 10 and 11: Figure 2. Smart grids can linkelect
Page 12 and 13: Electricity system needs for today
Page 14 and 15: line rating special protection sche
Page 16 and 17: Figure 6. Example of a 24-hour elec
Page 18 and 19: Adequacy concerns introduced by the
Page 20 and 21: cable or telephone), support data t
Page 22 and 23: Table 3 highlights a number of hard
Page 24 and 25: Box 3. Smart communitiesSeveral con
Page 26: Vision for smart grid deployment to
Page 29 and 30: Interpreting results and furtherana
Page 31 and 32: commodities such as oil, gas, coal
Page 33 and 34: operators have made it clear that m
Page 35 and 36: Interoperability Framework for smar
Page 37 and 38: Electricity system and market opera
Page 39 and 40: This roadmap recommends the followi
Page 41 and 42: zzzzHow much time differentiation i
Page 43 and 44: International collaborationThis roa
Page 45 and 46: Conclusion: near-term roadmapaction
Page 47 and 48: GlossaryCritical peak pricing (CPP)
Page 49 and 50: ReferencesBazilian, M. and Welsch,
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Smart Grids Roadmap - Smart Grid Sherpa

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